CN103452076A - Ecological restoration method learning from nature - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method learning from nature Download PDFInfo
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- CN103452076A CN103452076A CN2013104630706A CN201310463070A CN103452076A CN 103452076 A CN103452076 A CN 103452076A CN 2013104630706 A CN2013104630706 A CN 2013104630706A CN 201310463070 A CN201310463070 A CN 201310463070A CN 103452076 A CN103452076 A CN 103452076A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method learning from nature. According to the ecological restoration method learning from nature, the modern 3S technology is applied, on the basis that the conditions including the terrain of a disturbed area or the surrounding terrains, the landform, the hydrology, the weather, the climate and the like are understood and surveyed in detail, the computer analog technology is utilized, a human-induced restoration model approximate to the natural geographical pattern is designed, and construction is conducted according to the designed model. The landscape restored according to the ecological restoration method is matched with the surroundings, a slope constantly keeps stable, water and soil are protected and retained to the maximum extent, an original ecology environment is provided for local microorganisms, plants and animals. Learning from nature comprises the aspects of landform reshaping, manual soil body building, selection of plant species, construction of the vegetation structure, faunas, and microbiotas and the like. Learning from nature is mainly expressed by the similarity between the landform and a landform existing before disturbance, the phenomenon that local materials are used for building of a new soil body, reestablishment of the local vegetation, and establishment of the local faunas and the local microbiotas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecological recovery technical field, be specially a kind of ecological restoring method of imitating nature.
Background technology
Traditional restoration of the ecosystem pattern, be generally the design of land of " level is trapezoidal domatic, straight canal draining ", and its artificial trace is obvious, view and surrounding enviroment after reparation are inharmonious, and the landform diversity is few, domatic unstable, soil and water conservation effect is bad, needs long-term artificial maintenance, and expense is also higher.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above that the present invention exists in order to solve traditional restoration of the ecosystem pattern, provide a kind of knowledge natural, ecological restorative procedure.
The present invention adopts following technical approach to realize:
A kind of knowledge natural, ecological restorative procedure, comprise the steps:
(1), the following major parameter in district to be repaired after employing conventional method acquisition disturbance: drainage area, basin length, basin grandient, the basin direction, the basin dispersed elevation, basin dendritic drainage, cheuch length, the gradient, wriggle degree, breadth depth ratio, longitudinal section, cross section, ridge line is to the distance of ditch valley head, the riverbed material;
Above-mentioned major parameter input Geofluv software is formulated to design scheme, reparation district topography and geomorphology after disturbance is imitated to the global design of physical relief landforms, design object is the topography and geomorphology before district's disturbance is repaired in simulation, perhaps the initial land form landforms of district's periphery without disturbance are repaired in simulation, build the domatic and water system of a long-term stability to repairing district, for animal, plant, the microorganism of repairing district provides a multifarious growth of landform, living space.
(2), according to design scheme, construct
A, arrangement landform: filled out pad, smooth, soil body carrying according to design scheme to repairing district by a bulldozer under GPS controls, reach the landform requirement of design scheme;
Build by laying body footpath, slope flow path after b, landform have arranged, body footpath, slope flow path is comprised of many jagged sumps and cranky discharge conduit;
C, domatic rainwater preserve: along slope body isohypse excavation horizontal ditch, fill stone;
D, earth's surface form a complete basin mutually be connected with upstream and downstream and peripheral landform after reinventing work and completing, and then will show Tu Pu and overlay on the ground of putting in order;
Cave, gap, Testis nest are piled up with stone in e, the zone of perching wild animal;
F, loose table soil, retaining increase moisture in the soil;
G, the indigenous plant that is chosen in diameter 30km scope carry out mixed seeding, intermingle repairing district, carry out vegetation recovery;
H, after planting with local hay, cover; Perhaps, it is domatic that stone matter Mountain area adopts stone to cover, thickness 5-10cm; Perhaps, coal field adopts gangue as cladding material, and the gangue cladding thickness 5-7cm of easy-weathering is difficult for the gangue cladding thickness 10-12cm broken up;
I, maintenance.
The knowledge nature, learn to natural, and take is the teacher naturally.Knowledge natural, ecological restorative procedure is worshipped nature, the artificial ecology recovery technique that the simulating nature succession of herbaceous carries out exactly.Wherein a most important theory is exactly simulating nature, and especially natural landform, landforms, the hydrology, ecology etc. build harmony between man and nature, relies on nature, the artificial restoration of the ecosystem process promoted.Apply modern 3S technology, to repair that the conditions such as district (perturbing area) or peripheral landform, landforms, the hydrology, meteorology, weather are understood in detail and the basis investigated on, utilize computer modeling technique, design a kind of artificial repairing model of approximate Natural geographic pattern, and according to a kind of ecological recovery method that designs a model and construct.View after reparation is coordinated mutually with surrounding enviroment, and domatic maintaining a long-term stability protected retaining soil to greatest extent, for microorganism of one's native land, vegetation and animal provide an ecosystem environment.The knowledge nature comprises that topography and geomorphology reinvents, the artificial soil body is constructed, floristics, vegetation structure, fauna, microbiota etc., main manifestations is the similitude before topography and geomorphology and disturbance, the new soil body builds gathering materials on the spot of material, the reconstruction of native vegetation, indigenous animal, microbiota build.
The 3S technology is remote sensing technology (Remote sensing, RS), geographical information system (Geography informationsystems, GIS) and global positioning system (Global positioning systems, GPS) general designation, that space technology, sensor technology, satellite fix combine with airmanship and computer technology, mechanics of communication, the modern information technologies that spatial information is gathered, processes, manages, analyzes, expresses, propagates and applies that multidisciplinary height is integrated.In this method, the 3S technology is for the geographical coordinate location; When area is larger, reference area, height above sea level measuring and calculating etc.; Control Construction traffic.
The advantage of the inventive method is as follows:
1, use the comparable Traditional Ecological restorative procedure of the method saving investment more than 10%.In landform arrangement process, 80～90% expense flower is in the migration of the soil body, and last landform is moulded the fraction that only accounts for rehabilitation expense.And work progress can take full advantage of slope, can save the backfilling of earthwork expense.
2, generally do not need to do over again after the construction of employing this law, do not need for a long time artificial maintenance yet, greatly reduce maintenance cost.
Although 3 the method can increase the difficulty that discharge conduit is built, channel is built expense slightly to be increased, and takes full advantage of the chad in the soil body, can reduce again the expense that trench digging and channel are mated formation.
4, the footpath flow path if be connected mutually with periphery nature footpath flow path, often needs detailed measurement, accurate design.
The present invention is reasonable in design, and after the project implementation, soil water content improves a lot.Table soil covers and has been able to take the rainfall of meeting in 100 years, reaches design standard; The retaining pool has withstood the runoff test of meeting heavy rain in 200 years.Its erosion intensity is close without disturbance region with periphery.
The scope of application: be applicable to land reclamation, highway, railway construction, coal and mining activities, water and soil conservation etc. relate to landform and arrange, the field that landform is reinvented.
specific implementation method
Below specific embodiments of the invention are elaborated.
A kind of knowledge natural, ecological restorative procedure, comprise the steps:
(1), the topography and geomorphology in an area is the result of long-term endogenetic and exogenic force effect, is to adapt to for a long time this regional product, is the most stable, the most reliable topography and geomorphology.The important content of knowledge natural, ecological reparation is the knowledge nature of topography and geomorphology.
Geofluv
mTsoftware, by imported from America, is a kind of technical software to disturbance soil topography and geomorphology Configuration design, under the CAD platform, moves.Geofluv
mTsoftware provides a topographic map drawing function, and the two-dimensional coordinate data that field is recorded imports software, but software can generate one, has the common topographic map that general character is used.This topographic map has the writing function of conventional topographic map.The Geofluv design of land is based on a kind of knowledge physical relief landforms design that a technical software of disturbance soil topography and geomorphology Configuration design is carried out, the design scheme output of using 3DMAX to complete design.
The following major parameter in district to be repaired after employing those skilled in the art's conventional method acquisition disturbance: drainage area, basin length, basin grandient, the basin direction, the basin dispersed elevation, basin dendritic drainage, cheuch length, the gradient, wriggle degree, breadth depth ratio, longitudinal section, cross section, ridge line is to the distance of ditch valley head, the riverbed material.For example, obtain the drainage area method: measure with professional tool from topographic map; Obtain the basin length method: measure with professional tool, when area is little, also can directly use tape measuring from topographic map; Obtain basin direction method: on topographic map, can measure, also available compass or transit are measured; Obtain the sinuous degree method of cheuch: by measuring the air line distance of raceway groove entrance and exit on topographic map, then measure the path between the raceway groove entrance and exit, both calculate according to correlation formula; Etc..
Above-mentioned major parameter input Geofluv software is formulated to design scheme, reparation district topography and geomorphology after disturbance is imitated to the global design of physical relief landforms, design object is the topography and geomorphology before district's disturbance is repaired in simulation, perhaps the initial land form landforms of district's periphery without disturbance are repaired in simulation, build the domatic and water system of a long-term stability to repairing district, for animal, plant, the microorganism of repairing district provides a multifarious growth of landform, living space.
(2), according to design scheme, construct
A, arrangement landform: filled out pad, smooth, soil body carrying according to design scheme to repairing district by a bulldozer under GPS controls, reach the landform requirement of design scheme, substantially reach embankment and excavation balance.
Specific as follows:
Gather materials on the spot, make the best use of everything.Dregs based on local, discarded object carry out physics, chemistry, biological treatment, meet the rear soil body that builds vegetation generation succession of plant growth needs.
Compacting: to native stone than the stone matter dregs mechanical ramming that is less than 25%, 40 tons of road roller layered rollings, 50cm is one deck; Reduce large space, improve little space and hollow billet space, reach the raising field capacity, increase the purpose of soil moisture.
The quality improvement: add emplastic in the gravel of thick sclerotin, ratio is calculated with boxshear apparatus accurately.As storage household garbage screening soil, mud, loess etc., the stickiness additive is controlled at 30% and is advisable, and adds to cause too much domatic unstablely, and potential landslide occurs.
Sorting: in landform arrangement process, dregs is carried out to mechanical sorting, according to particle size, classification is used, and 20cm bulk stone is used for building the terraced fields stone ridge, and 10-20cm stone dress gabion is built retaining wall; The following dregs of 10cm is applicable to vegetation construction.
Build by laying body footpath, slope flow path after b, landform have arranged, body footpath, slope flow path is comprised of many jagged sumps and cranky discharge conduit.Discharge conduit can adopt gravel, and the gravel of channel increases the roughness of runoff channel, has improved the infiltration rate of heavy rain; The channel protective materials is gathered materials on the spot and is selected slabstone, gravel, flexible protective System Assurance channel long-lasting and exempt from maintenance.Footpath fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and retains or all infiltrate in the flow process in cranky path because of stone, no longer needs other to retain facility.The cranky discharge conduit of knowledge nature, the prolongation of footpath flow path has increased infiltrating the time of heavy rain.
C, domatic rainwater preserve: along slope body isohypse excavation horizontal ditch, fill stone, the width of horizontal ditch, the degree of depth and ditch spacing those skilled in the art can determine according to the average annual amount of precipitation in locality and heavy rain design strength.Horizontal ditch is used for collected rainwater, and stone is prevented and treated domatic soil body slump landfill, avoids Sediment Siltation.
D, earth's surface form a complete basin mutually be connected with upstream and downstream and peripheral landform after reinventing work and completing, and then will show Tu Pu and overlay on the ground of putting in order.The stone that landform arrangement process is sorted out is filled in the location that discharge conduit easily washes away.
Cave, gap, Testis nest are piled up with stone in e, the zone of perching wild animal.According to main large-scale indigenous animal life habit, utilize landform and stone to construct suitable cave, gap, Testis nest, for animal provides habitat.
F, loose table soil, retaining increase moisture in the soil, improve the soil moisture in root system of plant distributed area, meet the plant growth needs.
G, the indigenous plant that is chosen in diameter 30km scope carry out mixed seeding, intermingle repairing district, carry out vegetation recovery.
Indigenous plant is long-term result of evolving in repairing district and surrounding enviroment, is result long-tested, natural selection, is the species of optimum locality, can be because of severe natural conditions death such as extreme drought, extreme severe cold.It is also the pionner of vegetation construction.Therefore, floristic screening knowledge nature, select indigenous plant, and range of choice diameter 30KM, be conducive to build regional bio-diversity, selects as much as possible many Native species mixed seeding, intermingle.Reasonably structure is the basis of stablizing succession, promotes rational vegetation level to build.Particularly be similar to the such environment of self-ignition coal gangue hill, should not carry out large slope structural reform and become, the plantation of making the best use of the situation of knowledge nature.
H, after planting with local hay, cover, for example, straw, wheat straw uniform spreading are sprinkling upon ground after planting, with embedding grass machine, grass are embedded in soil, prevent from being blown away, and embedding grass part " being erected ", the increase surface roughness, increase is infiltrated.The embedding grass ditch formed has played the effect of retaining, advantageous particularly for the sprouting of seed in ditch.
Perhaps, stone matter Mountain area, the building stones abundance, adopt stone to cover domatic, thickness 5-10cm; Stone is less, covers slightly thin; Stone is larger, covers slightly thick.
Perhaps, coal field adopts gangue as cladding material, and the gangue cladding thickness 5-7cm of easy-weathering is difficult for the gangue cladding thickness 10-12cm broken up.
I, maintenance, irrigated according to actual conditions.Be aided with suitable maintenance in the artificial early stage promoted, stage is more to rely on power of nature and function to safeguard the forward succession of vegetation.In maintenance processes, the regulation and control simulating nature target COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS of arbor, shrub and grass, artificial regulatory three's ratio, to forming stable structure of community.The tree body arranges, and for making plant to domatic formation defencive function to greatest extent, the plant branching height should not surpass 50cm, otherwise the rainfall meeting accumulates large water droplet on plant, and ground is impacted, destruction soil body surface structure.Therefore plant is carried out in good time, appropriate stump, pinching, determines control plant bifurcated, the sprout tillers such as dry.
Claims (2)
1. a knowledge natural, ecological restorative procedure, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1), the following major parameter in district to be repaired after employing conventional method acquisition disturbance: drainage area, basin length, basin grandient, the basin direction, the basin dispersed elevation, basin dendritic drainage, cheuch length, the gradient, wriggle degree, breadth depth ratio, longitudinal section, cross section, ridge line is to the distance of ditch valley head, the riverbed material;
Above-mentioned major parameter input Geofluv software is formulated to design scheme, reparation district topography and geomorphology after disturbance is imitated to the global design of physical relief landforms, design object is the topography and geomorphology before district's disturbance is repaired in simulation, perhaps the initial land form landforms of district's periphery without disturbance are repaired in simulation, build the domatic and water system of a long-term stability to repairing district, for animal, plant, the microorganism of repairing district provides a multifarious growth of landform, living space;
(2), according to design scheme, construct
A, arrangement landform: filled out pad, smooth, soil body carrying according to design scheme to repairing district by a bulldozer under GPS controls, reach the landform requirement of design scheme;
Build by laying body footpath, slope flow path after b, landform have arranged, body footpath, slope flow path is comprised of many jagged sumps and cranky discharge conduit;
C, domatic rainwater preserve: along slope body isohypse excavation horizontal ditch, fill stone;
D, earth's surface form a complete basin mutually be connected with upstream and downstream and peripheral landform after reinventing work and completing, and then will show Tu Pu and overlay on the ground of putting in order;
Cave, gap, Testis nest are piled up with stone in e, the zone of perching wild animal;
F, loose table soil, retaining increase moisture in the soil;
G, the indigenous plant that is chosen in diameter 30km scope carry out mixed seeding, intermingle repairing district, carry out vegetation recovery;
H, after planting with local hay, cover; Perhaps, it is domatic that stone matter Mountain area adopts stone to cover, thickness 5-10cm; Perhaps, coal field adopts gangue as cladding material, and the gangue cladding thickness 5-7cm of easy-weathering is difficult for the gangue cladding thickness 10-12cm broken up;
I, maintenance.
2. knowledge natural, ecological restorative procedure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step a of step (2), gather materials on the spot, the dregs based on local, discarded object carry out physics, chemistry, biological treatment and meet after the plant growth needs soil body that builds vegetation generation succession, as follows:
Compacting: to native stone than the stone matter dregs mechanical ramming that is less than 25%, 40 tons of road roller layered rollings, 50cm is one deck;
The quality improvement: add emplastic in the gravel of thick sclerotin, ratio is calculated with boxshear apparatus accurately;
Sorting: in landform arrangement process, dregs is carried out to mechanical sorting, according to particle size, classification is used, and 20cm bulk stone is used for building the terraced fields stone ridge, and 10-20cm stone dress gabion is built retaining wall; The following dregs of 10cm is applicable to vegetation construction.
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| CN105064273A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 山东农业大学 | Constructing method for grass planting gabion ecological terrace ridge |
| CN106034677A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-26 | 陈鹏娟 | Gully region drought slope water and soil conservation method |
| CN106228610A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Restoration of the ecosystem partition method in conjunction with dominant eco-function Yu ecological degradation degree |
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| CN107170022A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-09-15 | 山西省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Piling of Gangue area landforms remodeling procedure |
| CN107194992A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-22 | 中国地质大学（北京） | A kind of loess area large outdoors colliery refuse dump topography and geomorphology optimization method |
| CN109076919A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-25 | 中国地质大学（北京） | A kind of Soil Reconstruction object and its preparation method and application |
| CN110820766A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Full-life-cycle terrain remodeling method for inner soil discharge field imitating natural landforms |
| CN111270743A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-12 | 湖北工业大学 | Rainwater collection and utilization construction method for ecological restoration of mine wasteland |
| CN111386955A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-10 | 宁夏大学 | Water-retention salt-suppression yield-increase method for northern arid area land |
| CN111492879A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-07 | 海南大学 | Method for restoring afforestation of highly-degraded tropical forest ecological system |
| CN111512874A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 海南大学 | Method for rapidly restoring water storage capacity of highly-degenerated tropical forest soil |
| CN113841565A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau |
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| CN104025850A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-09-10 | 北京林业大学 | Artificially induced vegetation restoration method for surface mining area |
| CN105064273A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 山东农业大学 | Constructing method for grass planting gabion ecological terrace ridge |
| CN105064273B (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2016-11-30 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of grass planting gabion ecology terraced fields ridge |
| CN106034677A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-26 | 陈鹏娟 | Gully region drought slope water and soil conservation method |
| CN106228610B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-10-30 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | In conjunction with the restoration of the ecosystem partition method of dominant eco-function and ecological degradation degree |
| CN106228610A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Restoration of the ecosystem partition method in conjunction with dominant eco-function Yu ecological degradation degree |
| CN106416732A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-22 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Rainy-region disturbance surface vegetation restoration system and method |
| CN107170022A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-09-15 | 山西省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Piling of Gangue area landforms remodeling procedure |
| CN107194992A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-22 | 中国地质大学（北京） | A kind of loess area large outdoors colliery refuse dump topography and geomorphology optimization method |
| CN107194992B (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2019-12-03 | 中国地质大学（北京） | A kind of loess area large outdoors colliery refuse dump topography and geomorphology optimization method |
| CN109076919A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-25 | 中国地质大学（北京） | A kind of Soil Reconstruction object and its preparation method and application |
| CN110820766A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Full-life-cycle terrain remodeling method for inner soil discharge field imitating natural landforms |
| CN110820766B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-03-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Full-life-cycle terrain remodeling method for inner soil discharge field imitating natural landforms |
| CN111270743A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-12 | 湖北工业大学 | Rainwater collection and utilization construction method for ecological restoration of mine wasteland |
| CN111492879A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-07 | 海南大学 | Method for restoring afforestation of highly-degraded tropical forest ecological system |
| CN111386955A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-10 | 宁夏大学 | Water-retention salt-suppression yield-increase method for northern arid area land |
| CN111512874A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 海南大学 | Method for rapidly restoring water storage capacity of highly-degenerated tropical forest soil |
| CN113841565A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau |
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