CN115152471A - Ecological restoration technology for high and steep rock slope after mining of surface mine - Google Patents
Ecological restoration technology for high and steep rock slope after mining of surface mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN115152471A CN115152471A CN202210774436.0A CN202210774436A CN115152471A CN 115152471 A CN115152471 A CN 115152471A CN 202210774436 A CN202210774436 A CN 202210774436A CN 115152471 A CN115152471 A CN 115152471A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 46
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration technology for a high and steep rock slope after mining in a surface mine, which comprises the following steps: measuring slope surface parameters, and receiving accurate slope surface parameter measuring information by adopting surveying and mapping; slope surface trimming, namely removing unstable rock and soil mass on the slope by adopting mechanical equipment and leveling the slope surface; treating slope foundation, adopting wind draft or drilling machine to form holes, and grouting all the holes; the method comprises the following steps of manufacturing and installing a vegetation quilt, wherein the vegetation quilt comprises planting soil, plant seeds and a vegetation skeleton, the planting soil and the plant seeds are filled in the vegetation skeleton, and the vegetation quilt is fixed on a slope surface through an anchor rod; and maintenance management, which comprises an initial maintenance stage and a later maintenance management stage. The invention adopts the geotechnical engineering processing method to design the slope foundation processing and vegetation cover planting technology, well realizes the slope protection, reduces the influence of the problems of rock stratum uncovering, larger gradient, mining vibration and the like on the slope protection, and provides reliable growth space for vegetation carrying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration technology for a high and steep rock slope after mining of a surface mine.
Background
In China, large open-pit mines are more, and the mining time of part of mines is long, so that large open-pit mining pits are formed. In the surface mining activities of mines, surface soil and rocks are continuously stripped through blasting activities, ores are mined, the surface morphology of the mines is continuously changed, the slope of a mining slope is steep, i is generally more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 76 degrees, the step height is more than 10m, the rock slope area is huge, the rock slope is influenced by factors such as blasting and rainwater washing, and the extreme physicochemical property harmful to the environment exists. The method is characterized in that the surface soil layer is destroyed completely, the soil moisture is seriously lost, and the content of toxic and harmful substances is increased, so that the ecological restoration of the rock slope of the surface mine is especially necessary along with the continuous improvement of the national environmental protection and ecological management requirements. The invention provides an ecological restoration technology for a high and steep rocky slope after mining in a surface mine, which aims to solve the problems that the traditional ex-soil spray-seeding ecological restoration method is difficult to adapt to the great disturbance influence of the mining activity of the surface mine and the germination rate and survival rate of plants are low.
The present invention has been made in view of this situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an ecological restoration technology for a high and steep rock slope after mining of a surface mine. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an ecological restoration technology for a high and steep rock slope after mining of a surface mine comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring slope surface parameters: collecting mining current situation data and geological survey data of the surface mine, and accurately measuring slope parameter information by adopting surveying and mapping;
in the initial maintenance stage, after the seeds germinate, a sunshade net is covered in time for initial protection, and measures such as seedling management enhancement, soil loosening, irrigation, fertilization, tiller removal, pruning and the like are mainly taken for management and protection;
and in the later maintenance management stage, the maintenance operation of conservation and update is mainly carried out, and the pest control is carried out.
Further, the diameter of the drilled hole in the step 3 is 30-50mm, the top end of the anchor rod is exposed for 80-100 mm, and the grouting is performed by adopting pure cement slurry or sand-containing cement slurry in a ratio of 1.
Further, the slope parameters in the step 1 include the lithology, physical and mechanical characteristics and chemical characteristics of the slope rock, and the chemical characteristics include the corrosivity, acidity and pH value of the slope rock.
Further, plant and give birth to by being the cuboid form, plant and give birth to by the skeleton including steel mould two-way geogrid, honeycomb geotechnological check room, plastics locator, steel mould two-way geogrid is laid on honeycomb geotechnological check room through the plastics locator, and honeycomb geotechnological check indoor packing has planting soil, plant seed.
Furthermore, the side wall and the bottom surface of the vegetation quilt framework are both coated with short-filament geotextile, and the short-filament geotextile is fixed on the side wall of the honeycomb geotextile chamber through a plastic positioner.
Furthermore, the planting soil comprises a first layer of planting soil and a second layer of planting soil, and the anchor rod penetrates through the steel-plastic bidirectional geogrid, the second layer of planting soil, the plant seed layer and the first layer of planting soil in sequence and then is inserted into the slope.
Further, in the initial maintenance stage in the step 5, measures of substrate repairing, plant reseeding, top dressing and watering are taken during the plant forming process.
Furthermore, in the step 5, measures of vine cutting, weed cutting and intermediate cutting are adopted for the conservation, and a replanting measure is adopted for the updating.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The invention adopts the geotechnical engineering processing method to design the slope foundation processing and vegetation cover planting technology, thereby reducing the influence of the problems of bare rock stratum, large gradient, mining vibration and the like on the slope protection while well realizing the slope protection and providing a reliable growth space for vegetation carrying; the plant root system can effectively root the inside of the rock slope along with the continuation of the planting time, so that the anchoring effect of the root system on the natural plants of the rock slope is formed, and the ecological environment-friendly restoration effect of rooting and sprouting is achieved.
The invention has the advantages of simple material, low cost, simple manufacture of the plant growth quilt and strong firmness; the influence of the huge disturbance problem of the mining activity of the open mine on ecological restoration is weakened, so that the germination rate and the survival rate of the plants are improved, the economic benefit is obvious, and the purposes of safety and reliability and environmental protection are achieved.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to its proper form. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-honeycomb geocell; 2-steel-plastic bidirectional geogrid; 3-a plastic locator; 4-short silk geotextile; 5. -an anchor rod; 6-planting soil on the first layer; 7-plant seeds; 8-second layer planting soil.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the ecological restoration technology for the high and steep rock slope after the mining of the surface mine comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring slope surface parameters: collecting the mining current situation data and geological survey data of the surface mine, receiving accurate measurement slope parameter information by adopting surveying and mapping, investigating the lithology and physical and mechanical characteristics of slope rocks, and analyzing the chemical characteristics of the slope rocks such as corrosivity, acidity and PH value.
(1) in the initial maintenance stage, after the seeds germinate, the seeds are covered with a sunshade net for initial protection, and measures such as seedling management enhancement, soil loosening, irrigation, fertilization, tiller removal, pruning and the like are mainly taken for management and protection in the initial maintenance stage. During the plant forming period reaching the design target, measures such as base material repair, plant re-sowing, additional fertilization, irrigation and the like are adopted in due time according to possible problems;
(2) and (5) later maintenance management. With the development of vegetation, maintenance operations such as conservation or cultivation and updating should be performed in focus to develop pest control. The conservation operation mainly adopts measures of vine cutting, weed cutting, intermediate cutting and the like, and meanwhile, the renewal operation is carried out in time according to the growth condition of plants. In the maintenance process, the vegetation growth condition should be comprehensively checked, and certain plant supplement measures should be taken for natural disasters and artificial damages. The arrangement of the sunshade net is the prior art, and the description is not repeated.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ecological restoration technology for the high and steep rock slope after the mining of the surface mine in this embodiment takes a certain surface mine in the west and dexing as an example, the mine belongs to a large surface mine, the mining slope height reaches more than 500m, the rock slope is exposed in a large area, the ecological restoration and treatment work is currently carried out in stages aiming at the slope-close slope, and the ecological restoration method for the high and steep rock slope after the mining of the surface mine specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, slope parameter measurement: collecting mining current situation data and geological survey data of the surface mine, receiving accurate measurement slope parameter information by adopting surveying and mapping, investigating rock lithology and physical and mechanical characteristics of the slope, and analyzing chemical characteristics of rock corrosivity, acidity, pH value and the like of the slope;
TABLE 1 design parameters table for plant growth
The preparation of the vegetation cover framework is completed according to the design requirement, planting soil is filled in two layers, plant seeds 7 are mixed before the surface layer planting soil is filled, and the plant seeds 7 select proper shrub and grass mixed seeds according to different geographical positions and local climate characteristics.
(1) and in the initial maintenance stage, after the seeds germinate, covering a sunshade net in time for initial protection, and in the initial maintenance stage, mainly taking measures of seedling management enhancement, soil loosening, irrigation, fertilization, tiller removal, pruning and the like for management and protection. During the plant forming period reaching the design target, measures such as base material repair, plant re-sowing, additional fertilization, irrigation and the like are adopted in due time according to possible problems;
(2) in the later maintenance management stage, maintenance operations such as conservation (cultivation) and updating should be performed mainly to develop pest control along with the vegetation succession development. The conservation operation mainly adopts measures of vine cutting, weed cutting, intermediate cutting and the like, and meanwhile, the renewal operation is carried out in time according to the growth condition of plants. In the maintenance process, the vegetation growth condition should be comprehensively checked, and certain plant supplement measures should be taken for natural disasters and artificial damages.
The traditional ex-soil spray-seeding ecological restoration method has the advantages of low plant germination rate and survival rate, great influence on vegetation adhesion caused by open-pit mining blasting vibration and high construction cost. After the method is adopted, the construction process is simple, the survival rate of the vegetation reaches more than 91.5 percent, the rooting and sprouting effects of the vegetation are better as the time is longer, the greening effect is improved by more than 1 time, and the construction cost is saved by 50 yuan/m 2 The above.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An ecological restoration technology for a high and steep rock slope after mining in a surface mine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, measuring slope surface parameters: collecting mining current situation data and geological survey data of the surface mine, and accurately measuring slope parameter information by adopting surveying and mapping;
step 2, slope surface trimming: removing unstable rock and soil mass of the side slope by adopting mechanical equipment and leveling the slope surface;
step 3, slope foundation treatment: drilling holes are distributed, holes are formed by adopting a wind draft or a drilling machine, and an anchor rod (5) is inserted into the holes and is grouted in the whole holes;
step 4, preparing and installing a vegetation: the vegetation comprises planting soil, plant seeds (7) and a vegetation skeleton, wherein the planting soil and the plant seeds (7) are filled in the vegetation skeleton, the vegetation is fixed on a slope surface through an anchor rod (5), and the planting soil is formed by mixing organic fertilizer and animal dung, fiber matters and slow-release compound fertilizers;
step 5, the maintenance management is divided into an initial stage and a later stage:
in the initial maintenance stage, after the seeds germinate, covering a sunshade net in time for initial protection, and mainly taking measures of seedling management enhancement, soil loosening, irrigation, fertilization, tiller removal, pruning and the like for management and protection;
and in the later maintenance management stage, maintenance operation of nursing and updating is mainly carried out, and pest control is carried out.
2. The surface mine post-mining high-steep rock slope ecological restoration technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the drilled hole in the step 3 is 30-50mm, the top end of the anchor rod (5) is exposed for 80-100 mm, and the grouting adopts pure cement slurry or sand-containing cement slurry in a ratio of 1.
3. The surface mine post-harvest high-steep rock slope ecological restoration technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step 1, the slope parameters comprise the lithology, physical and mechanical characteristics and chemical characteristics of the slope rock, and the chemical characteristics comprise the corrosivity, acidity and PH value of the slope rock.
4. The surface mine post-harvest high-steep rock slope ecological restoration technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: plant and give birth to by being the cuboid form, plant and give birth to by the skeleton including steel-plastic bidirectional geogrid (2), honeycomb geotechnological check room (1), plastics locator (3), steel-plastic bidirectional geogrid (2) are laid on honeycomb geotechnological check room (1) through plastics locator (3), and honeycomb geotechnological check room (1) intussuseption is filled with and plants soil, plant seed (7).
5. The surface mine post-mining high-steep rock slope ecological restoration technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall and the bottom surface of the vegetation quilt framework are both coated with short-filament geotextile (4), and the short-filament geotextile (4) is fixed on the side wall of the honeycomb geocell through a plastic positioner (3).
6. The surface mine post-harvest high-steep rock slope ecological restoration technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: the thickness of planting soil is 6-8cm, planting soil includes first layer planting soil (6), second floor planting soil (8), anchor rod (5) pass steel-plastic bidirectional geogrid (2), second floor planting soil (8), plant seed (7) layer, insert domaticly behind first layer planting soil (6) in proper order.
7. The surface mine post-mining high-steep rock slope ecological restoration technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the initial maintenance stage in the step 5, measures such as substrate repairing, plant reseeding, additional fertilization and irrigation are taken during the plant forming period.
8. The surface mine post-mining high-steep rock slope ecological restoration technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5, measures of vine cutting, weed cutting and intermediate cutting are adopted for the conservation, and replanting measures are adopted for updating.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210774436.0A CN115152471A (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | Ecological restoration technology for high and steep rock slope after mining of surface mine |
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| CN202210774436.0A CN115152471A (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | Ecological restoration technology for high and steep rock slope after mining of surface mine |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115997582A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-25 | 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Plant-growing bag for ecological restoration of copper mine waste stone field and ecological restoration method |
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| CN104818721A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-08-05 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Geological environment treatment method suitable for steep wall and deep pit type abandoned mine |
| CN205475264U (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-08-17 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Mountain area wind-powered electricity generation field height is abandoned sediment side slope and is strengthened muscle anchor ecological remediation structure suddenly |
| CN113216223A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏富邦环境建设集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for mine side slope |
| CN113575202A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Open-air copper ore rock slope ecological greening system and construction method |
-
2022
- 2022-07-01 CN CN202210774436.0A patent/CN115152471A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104818721A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-08-05 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Geological environment treatment method suitable for steep wall and deep pit type abandoned mine |
| CN205475264U (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-08-17 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Mountain area wind-powered electricity generation field height is abandoned sediment side slope and is strengthened muscle anchor ecological remediation structure suddenly |
| CN113216223A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏富邦环境建设集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for mine side slope |
| CN113575202A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Open-air copper ore rock slope ecological greening system and construction method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115997582A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-25 | 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Plant-growing bag for ecological restoration of copper mine waste stone field and ecological restoration method |
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