CN111316852A - Slag mountain planting cover and planting method thereof - Google Patents
Slag mountain planting cover and planting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316852A CN111316852A CN202010126041.0A CN202010126041A CN111316852A CN 111316852 A CN111316852 A CN 111316852A CN 202010126041 A CN202010126041 A CN 202010126041A CN 111316852 A CN111316852 A CN 111316852A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slag mountain vegetation and a planting method thereof, belongs to the technical field of slag mountain ecological restoration, and mainly solves the problem of ecological restoration of mine waste lands; the method comprises planting steps, trees and shrubs and is characterized in that: the straw seedling raising container comprises a straw seedling raising rod and a straw seedling raising pot, and the arbor is an arbor for intensive field planting of the straw seedling raising pot; the shrubs are shrubs with developed root systems cultured by the intensive seedling culture technology of the straw seedling culture rod; integrally transplanting the arbor and shrub and the straw seedling raising container on a slag mountain, manually finishing a planting platform which is distributed in a step shape on the slope body of the slag mountain, wherein the width of the planting platform is not less than 1m, and paving and treading large hard stones on the outer side of the planting platform; transplanting shrubs on the slope and transplanting arbors on the flat ground; the planting method comprises the steps of planting arbors and shrubs in a field planting mode by adopting a straw seedling raising pot and a straw seedling raising rod intensive planting technology, and integrally transplanting the arbors and the shrubs to a trimmed slag mountain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of slag mountains, and particularly relates to a slag mountain vegetation cover and a slag mountain planting method.
Background
Mine wasteland is the typical case of ecological destruction that has attracted the first attention in the world. In these areas, there are a large number of crushed rock piles formed by stripping surface soil, mining rock fragments and low-grade ore fragments, and sites where tailings and waste slags generated after ore concentrates are separated from mined ores are piled up, which are collectively called as coal mines and non-coal mine slag hills.
The slag mountain of coal mine and non-coal mine is the place that the mine mining discarded object concentrates and discharges, include rotten surface soil, rock fragment after the weathering, lean ore, etc., have the following characteristics:
1. the permeability is poor, rainwater leaches, the side slope is eroded, and the side slope is easy to slide.
The slag mountain of coal mine and non-coal mine is rough and exposed, easy to weather, through the large-scale machinery is levelly and smoothly compacted, the soil structure changes, the surface layer permeability is reduced, through weather and rainwater leaching, the slope runoff is increased, the erosion of the ditch is strong, and in addition, the slope soil is loose, and the landslide is very easy to occur.
2. Digging tree planting pit, watering and leaking, and storing.
The underground water of the slag mountain of coal mine and non-coal mine is damaged in a multiple unbalance way, the bottom of the tree planting pit is all of a soil-stone empty structure, the watering leakage is difficult to store, the soil is barren, the ecological restoration construction difficulty is high, the vegetation survival rate is low, and the later maintenance cost is high.
In recent years, as ecological civilization construction is developed nationwide, ecological restoration projects for coal mines and non-coal mine slag mountains are very necessary. However, the coal mine and non-coal mine slag mountain is used as a completely damaged ecological system, the soil structure and the level are damaged, the spring veins are damaged, the water and soil loss is serious, and the ecological environment is severe. The restoration of nature is almost impossible in a short time, and the natural condition before interference is close to the natural condition by means of manual intervention, so that the ecological restoration task under the manual intervention is very difficult.
Application number CN201711245387.7 discloses a method for afforesting abandoned coal mine lands. Under the condition that barren hills of waste coal mines formed by waste rocks, coal slag, slag and the like are difficult to erect, nursery stocks of tree species which are easy to root, drought-resistant and barren-resistant are firstly selected for cuttage, and tips of the nursery stocks are cut off, so that the top advantages of the nursery stocks are lost.
Application number CN201910022475.3 discloses a method for repairing vegetation on a mine refuse dump slope. The method comprises the following steps: building intercepting ditches and drainage ditches; cleaning impurities on the slope surface and flattening the slope surface; laying a fixed net; spraying and seeding a soil matrix layer; spraying and sowing a plant seed layer; covering non-woven fabrics; and (5) water spraying maintenance.
The application number CN201811406231.7 discloses an ecological restoration method for mine engineering wound, namely, planting nursery stocks in a basal disc, covering an anti-evaporation disc, planting the basal disc in a basal groove in a proper season, adopting a water pipe to irrigate the basal disc, stopping after a water storage layer of the basal disc is saturated, then filling gaps at the periphery of the basal disc with field soil, and observing periodically.
Application number CN201810610525.5 discloses a method for recycling solid waste in a slope restoration matrix. The decomposed sludge, the coal gangue powder, the straws and the foreign soil are prepared into a matrix material according to a proportion, and then the matrix material is applied to the slope restoration engineering operation in a thick-layer matrix spraying, spraying and mixing plant growth or bag body accumulation mode, so that the quality of the foreign soil is improved, and the restoration effect is improved.
Application number CN201710026907.9 discloses a method for directly restoring a metal waste slag yard by using slash pine container seedlings, which comprises the following steps: the slash pine seeds germinate in the seedling raising hole pots; managing the nursery stocks; transplanting into degradable non-woven fabric container bag; managing container seedlings; accumulating waste slag in a mining area to prepare the land on a slope; and (4) transplanting.
Application number CN201610363256.8 discloses a method for rapidly restoring slope vegetation suitable for mine ecological restoration in arid regions, which comprises a slope protection method, a water collecting device, soil improvement and vegetation allocation. Firstly, carrying out step type slope cutting on a slope to be repaired of a mine, arranging an ecological intercepting ditch at the inner side of each stage of platform, and continuously arranging a desilting basin and a sump pit on each step at a certain distance; a water collecting device is arranged in the water collecting pit; the platform all earthing with domatic, each grade platform excavates plant hole, and each grade is domatic takes the mode of ecological bag + ecological blanket, selects suitable arbor to irritate the grass and carries out the vegetation configuration.
Application number CN201610286968.4 discloses an ecological restoration method for a metal mine waste storage yard. The method comprises the steps of trimming a metal mine waste storage yard to form a plurality of stages of stepped storage yards with trapezoidal slopes and slope cutting platforms; paving a filling type ecological blanket on each level of step slope; and arranging a seed layer on the filling type ecological blanket.
Therefore, the core problems solved by the ecological restoration of the coal mine and non-coal mine slag hill comprise: water and soil loss, soil impoverishment and seedling selection, cultivation and growth. The currently common methods include: soil is taken from different places and covered on the surface layer, soil is improved and fertilized, soil dressing is sprayed, soil dressing cultivation is carried out, and the like. However, at the same time, the above method has more limitations: for example, the covering work amount of the surface foreign soil is large, and the cost is high; the foreign soil spray seeding is not suitable for northern arid areas, the maintenance cost is high, the forestation is difficult, and the degradation of flowers and plants in the later period is serious; the planting of the foreign soil is lack of necessary measures for ensuring the survival of plants, the soil has poor water and fertilizer retention capability, difficult watering and storage, extremely low seedling survival rate in the later period and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention applies the straw seedling raising container integration technology to the ecological restoration of coal mines and non-coal mine slag mountains, and achieves successful application in engineering practice. Overcomes the defects and problems of the prior art and provides a novel method for ecologically restoring and constructing slag mountains of coal mines and non-coal mines. The natural vegetation of the coal mine and non-coal mine slag mountain repaired by the method is repaired, the landscape pattern of the mountain is reconstructed, the ecological environment is improved, and the water and soil loss is controlled, so that the damaged natural ecosystem is restored, the plant community realizes benign self-renewal succession, and the perfect ecological function is exerted.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the slag mountain planting quilt comprises planting steps, arbors and shrubs and is characterized in that: the straw seedling raising container comprises a straw seedling raising rod and a straw seedling raising pot, and the arbor is an arbor for intensive field planting of the straw seedling raising pot; the shrubs are shrubs with developed root systems cultured by the intensive seedling culture technology of the straw seedling culture rod; integrally transplanting the arbor and shrub and the straw seedling raising container on a slag mountain, manually finishing a planting platform which is distributed in a step shape on the slope body of the slag mountain, wherein the width of the planting platform is not less than 1m, and paving and treading large hard stones on the outer side of the planting platform; transplanting shrubs on the slope and transplanting arbors on the flat ground; shrubs can be planted on the ground where trees are planted;
the shrub is caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa, native developed root system and other suitable shrubs;
the arbor is a densely branched indigenous species of tree;
the intensive planting matrix of the straw seedling raising pot is formed by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
the intensive seedling culture medium of the straw seedling culture rod is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
the straw seedling raising rod is characterized in that the diameter of an inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length of the inscribed circle is 150-300 mm;
the straw seedling raising pot is characterized in that the diameter of an upper opening is 320-400 mm, the height is 220-320 mm, the diameter of a lower bottom is 220-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-20 mm;
the method for planting the vegetation on the slag mountain is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, adopting a straw seedling pot intensive planting technology to plant a tree;
in the step 1, the specification of the straw seedling raising pot is as follows: the diameter of the upper opening is 320-400 mm, the height is 220-320 mm, the diameter of the lower bottom is 220-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-20 mm;
in the step 1, the arbor is selected to be drought-resistant and barren and has strong applicability; the root system is developed and can hold soil; conserving water; the vitality is strong, and the management is extensive; the tree grows rapidly, the branches of the tree are dense, the height is 1.0 to 1.2m or the ground diameter is less than or equal to 4cm, and the tree is provided with soil balls;
in the step 1, the intensive planting matrix of the straw seedling raising pot is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
in the step 1, the intensive planting mode of the straw seedling raising pot is as follows: selecting a site which is smooth around the site of the project and has watering conditions, and manually leveling the site; in order to prevent the root systems of the field planting seedlings from penetrating through the pot walls of the straw seedling-raising pots to enter soil, a greenhouse film is laid on a leveled field, then the field planting straw seedling-raising pots are placed on the greenhouse film in order, and watering channels are reserved every 2-3 m;
in the step 1, the planting time of the arbor is 2-3 months, and transplanting conditions are met when the root system is completely repaired and a new root system net is formed and the pot seedlings become an organic whole;
secondly, cultivating shrubs with developed root systems by adopting a straw seedling raising rod intensive seedling raising technology;
in the step 2, the diameter of the inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length is 150-300 mm;
in the step 2, caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa and local shrubs with developed root systems and suitable for growing are selected as shrubs with developed root systems;
in the step 2, the shrub cultivation mode adopts seed sowing or bare-rooted seedling transplanting;
in the step 2, the intensive seedling raising substrate of the straw seedling raising rod is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
in the step 2, the intensive seedling raising mode of the straw seedling raising rod is as follows: selecting a field which is smooth around the site of the project and has a watering condition, manually preparing the field into strips with the width of 2-3 m and the length of 4-6 m, forming ridges around the field, wherein the ridges are 20-30 cm high, paving a greenhouse film in the ridges, and compacting and fixing the greenhouse film around the ridges; the well sowed or transplanted straw seedling raising rods (rod seedlings) are placed in the strips in order, and the distance between the rods is 1 cm; watering adopts rhizosphere water supply, namely directly irrigating water into the strips; the plastic arched shed can be flexibly selected and built according to the transplanting season and the plant production requirement during seedling raising;
in the step 2, transplanting conditions are met when shrubs grow to be more than 30 cm;
thirdly, digging a tree planting pit after a planting platform is dug or guiding according to the conditions of the ground according to the actual conditions of the slag mountain, and fully utilizing the existing landform and landform to directly dig the tree planting pit;
in the step 3, the planting platforms are distributed in a step shape, the width of each platform is not less than 1m, and large hard stones are paved and trampled on the outer sides of the platforms;
in the step 3, the tree planting pit excavation mode comprises: directly excavating, constructing a groove, coffering a cofferdam, backfilling, digging a pit and the like;
in the step 3, the planting density of the arbor is as follows: 1 square meter per 2.25 square meters to 1 square meter per 4 square meters, and the planting density of shrubs and flowers and plants is as follows: 1 hole/1 square meter to 1 hole/4 square meter;
in the step 3, the specification of the tree planting pit of the arbor is 60 × 60 × 60cm, and the specification of the tree planting pit of the shrub, the flower and the plant is 30 × 30 × 30 cm;
in the step 3, after the tree planting pit is excavated, in order to effectively keep moisture, a mulching film is paved around the pit;
fourthly, transplanting the trees, shrubs, flowers and plants which are already planted or cultivated and a straw seedling container (comprising a straw seedling pot and a straw seedling rod) into a tree planting pit integrally, and covering soil and compacting;
in the step 4, the seedlings are planted integrally by the straw seedling raising container without removing the container, and the straw seedling raising container is continuously decomposed to become plant root zone organic matters;
in the step 4, the seedlings in the straw seedling raising container are saturated to absorb water before being transplanted;
in the step 4, after the seedlings of the straw seedling raising container are transplanted, the residue soil is directly backfilled without replacing the foreign soil;
in the step 4, after the residue soil is backfilled, righting, trampling and watering are carried out;
in the step 4, after watering is finished, a greenhouse film is covered, and a cross opening is formed in the film, so that the water evaporation is reduced, and the watering penetration in the maintenance period is not influenced;
in the step 4, the greenhouse film is covered with gravels to reduce water evaporation;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention applies the straw seedling raising container integration technology to the ecological restoration of coal mine and non-coal mine slag mountain; the first limiting factor faced by the ecological restoration of the slag hill is as follows: seepage due to watering, difficult storage and soil nutrient deficiency; the straw seedling raising container and the internal matrix form a small environment, the small environment carries the matrix to basically ensure the early growth of the nursery stock, and meanwhile, the straw seedling raising container has good water carrying, water storage and water retention functions, the straw seedling raising container is saturated and absorbs water before planting, the water can be slowly released after planting, the maintenance cost after planting of the nursery stock is reduced, meanwhile, the phenomenon of large amount of watering in the construction and maintenance process is avoided, and the potential safety hazards of landslide and the like caused by large amount of watering are reduced; meanwhile, the periphery and the upper part of the pit are covered with the film, so that the loss of water is reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced;
the straw seedling raising container can prevent water and soil loss of the root area of the nursery stock; another limiting factor faced by the ecological restoration of the hills is: water and soil loss of the root area of the nursery stock; the cultivated plants often die due to lack of sustained nutrient and moisture supply; by using the straw seedling raising container integration technology, the container wall plays a regional protection role on soil, water and root areas in the container, so that nutrients and water in the root areas cannot be lost, and the requirements for the growth of seedlings can be continuously supplied;
arbor and shrub planted and cultivated in the straw seedling container are root-protecting seedlings, when forest trees survive, root systems grow continuously, can break walls and stretch out, extend to places with water sources and nutrients along stone cracks, sand gaps and withered branches and fallen leaves gathering areas continuously, assimilate useful components in the external environment continuously, enable the arbor and shrub to grow and develop continuously, and the growth process needs soil in the straw seedling container to provide nutrients and moisture continuously;
along with the continuous growth of plants, under the action of environmental factors such as root systems, microorganisms, water, heat and the like, the straw seedling raising container is continuously decomposed to become organic matters in the root area of the plants, and the organic matters are continuously released and provide nutrients for the growth and the growth of the plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-slag hill; 2-straw seedling raising rod; 3-straw seedling-raising pot; 4, planting a platform.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the slag mountain planting quilt comprises planting steps 4, trees and shrubs and is characterized in that: the straw seedling raising container comprises a straw seedling raising rod 2 and a straw seedling raising pot 3, and the arbor is formed by intensive planting of the straw seedling raising pot; the shrubs are shrubs with developed root systems cultured by the intensive seedling culture technology of the straw seedling culture rod; integrally transplanting the arbor and shrub and the straw seedling raising container on the slag hill 1, manually trimming a planting platform 4 distributed in a ladder shape on the slope body of the slag hill 1, wherein the width of the planting platform 4 is not less than 1m, and paving and treading large hard stones on the outer side of the planting platform; transplanting shrubs on the slope and transplanting arbors on the flat ground; shrubs can be planted on the ground where trees are planted;
the shrub is caragana microphylla and amorpha fruticosa;
the arbor is a densely branched indigenous species of tree;
the intensive planting matrix of the straw seedling raising pot is formed by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
the intensive seedling culture medium of the straw seedling culture rod is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
the straw seedling raising rod is characterized in that the diameter of an inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length of the inscribed circle is 150-300 mm;
the straw seedling raising pot is characterized in that the diameter of an upper opening is 320-400 mm, the height is 220-320 mm, the diameter of a lower bottom is 220-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-20 mm;
the method for planting the vegetation on the slag mountain is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, adopting a straw seedling pot intensive planting technology to plant a tree;
in the step 1, the specification of the straw seedling raising pot is as follows: the diameter of the upper opening is 320-400 mm, the height is 220-320 mm, the diameter of the lower bottom is 220-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-20 mm;
in the step 1, the arbor is selected to be drought-resistant and barren and has strong applicability; the root system is developed and can hold soil; conserving water; the vitality is strong, and the management is extensive; the tree grows rapidly, the branches of the tree are dense, the height is 1.0 to 1.2m or the ground diameter is less than or equal to 4cm, and the tree is provided with soil balls;
in the step 1, the intensive planting matrix of the straw seedling raising pot is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
in the step 1, the intensive planting mode of the straw seedling raising pot is as follows: selecting a site which is smooth around the site of the project and has watering conditions, and manually leveling the site; in order to prevent the root systems of the field planting seedlings from penetrating through the pot walls of the straw seedling-raising pots to enter soil, a greenhouse film is laid on a leveled field, then the field planting straw seedling-raising pots are placed on the greenhouse film in order, and watering channels are reserved every 2-3 m;
in the step 1, the planting time of the arbor is 2-3 months, and transplanting conditions are met when the root system is completely repaired and a new root system net is formed and the pot seedlings become an organic whole;
secondly, cultivating shrubs with developed root systems by adopting a straw seedling raising rod intensive seedling raising technology;
in the step 2, the diameter of the inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length is 150-300 mm;
in the step 2, caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa and local shrubs with developed root systems and suitable for growing are selected as shrubs with developed root systems;
in the step 2, the shrub cultivation mode adopts seed sowing or bare-rooted seedling transplanting;
in the step 2, the intensive seedling raising substrate of the straw seedling raising rod is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
in the step 2, the intensive seedling raising mode of the straw seedling raising rod is as follows: selecting a field which is smooth around the site of the project and has a watering condition, manually preparing the field into strips with the width of 2-3 m and the length of 4-6 m, forming ridges around the field, wherein the ridges are 20-30 cm high, paving a greenhouse film in the ridges, and compacting and fixing the greenhouse film around the ridges; the well sowed or transplanted straw seedling raising rods (rod seedlings) are placed in the strips in order, and the distance between the rods is 1 cm; watering adopts rhizosphere water supply, namely directly irrigating water into the strips; the plastic arched shed can be flexibly selected and built according to the transplanting season and the plant production requirement during seedling raising;
in the step 2, transplanting conditions are met when shrubs grow to be more than 30 cm;
thirdly, digging a tree planting pit after a planting platform is dug or guiding according to the conditions of the ground according to the actual conditions of the slag mountain, and fully utilizing the existing landform and landform to directly dig the tree planting pit;
in the step 3, the planting platforms are distributed in a step shape, the width of each platform is not less than 1m, and large hard stones are paved and trampled on the outer sides of the platforms;
in the step 3, the tree planting pit excavation mode comprises: directly excavating, constructing a groove, coffering a cofferdam, backfilling, digging a pit and the like;
in the step 3, the planting density of the arbor is as follows: 1 square meter per 2.25 square meters to 1 square meter per 4 square meters, and the planting density of shrubs and flowers and plants is as follows: 1 hole/1 square meter to 1 hole/4 square meter;
in the step 3, the specification of the tree planting pit of the arbor is 60 × 60 × 60cm, and the specification of the tree planting pit of the shrub, the flower and the plant is 30 × 30 × 30 cm;
in the step 3, after the tree planting pit is excavated, in order to effectively keep moisture, a mulching film is paved around the pit;
fourthly, transplanting the trees, shrubs, flowers and plants which are already planted or cultivated and a straw seedling container (comprising a straw seedling pot and a straw seedling rod) into a tree planting pit integrally, and covering soil and compacting;
in the step 4, the seedlings are planted integrally by the straw seedling raising container without removing the container, and the straw seedling raising container is continuously decomposed to become plant root zone organic matters;
in the step 4, the seedlings in the straw seedling raising container are saturated to absorb water before being transplanted;
in the step 4, after the seedlings of the straw seedling raising container are transplanted, the residue soil is directly backfilled without replacing the foreign soil;
in the step 4, after the residue soil is backfilled, righting, trampling and watering are carried out;
in the step 4, after watering is finished, a greenhouse film is covered, and a cross opening is formed in the film, so that the water evaporation is reduced, and the watering penetration in the maintenance period is not influenced;
and in the step 4, covering gravels on the greenhouse film to reduce water evaporation.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a slay mountain is planted and is covered, characterized by including planting step (4), arbor, bush: the straw seedling raising container comprises a straw seedling raising rod (2) and a straw seedling raising pot (3), and the arbor is formed by intensive planting of the straw seedling raising pot; the shrubs are shrubs with developed root systems cultured by the intensive seedling culture technology of the straw seedling culture rod; the arbor and shrub are transplanted on the slag hill (1) together with the straw seedling raising container, planting platforms (4) distributed in a step shape are artificially renovated on the slope of the slag hill (1), the width of the planting platforms (4) is not less than 1m, and large hard stones are paved and treaded on the outer side of the planting platforms; transplanting shrubs on the slope and transplanting arbors on the flat ground; shrubs can be planted on the ground where trees are planted.
2. The slag vegetation cover according to claim 1, wherein: the shrub is caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa, native developed root system and other suitable shrubs.
3. The slag vegetation cover according to claim 1, wherein: the arbor is a densely branched indigenous species of tree.
4. The slag vegetation cover according to claim 1, wherein: the intensive planting matrix of the straw seedling raising pot is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like.
5. The slag vegetation cover according to claim 1, wherein: the intensive seedling raising medium for the straw seedling raising rod is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like.
6. The slag vegetation cover according to claim 1, wherein: the straw seedling raising rod has the specification that the diameter of an inscribed circle is 100 mm-200 mm, and the length is 150 mm-300 mm.
7. The slag vegetation cover according to claim 1, wherein: the straw seedling raising pot is 320-400 mm in diameter of an upper opening, 220-320 mm in height, 220-300 mm in diameter of a lower bottom and 15-20 mm in wall thickness.
8. The method for planting the vegetation on the slag mountain is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, adopting a straw seedling pot intensive planting technology to plant a tree;
in the step 1, the specification of the straw seedling raising pot is as follows: the diameter of the upper opening is 320-400 mm, the height is 220-320 mm, the diameter of the lower bottom is 220-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 15-20 mm;
in the step 1, the arbor is selected to be drought-resistant and barren and has strong applicability; the root system is developed and can hold soil; conserving water; the vitality is strong, and the management is extensive; the growing speed is high, the branches of the native tree species are dense, the height is 1.0-1.2 m or the ground diameter is less than or equal to 4cm, and the native tree species are provided with soil balls;
in the step 1, the intensive planting matrix of the straw seedling raising pot is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
in the step 1, the intensive planting mode of the straw seedling raising pot is as follows: selecting a site which is smooth around the site of the project and has watering conditions, and manually leveling the site; in order to prevent the root systems of the field planting seedlings from penetrating through the pot walls of the straw seedling-raising pots to enter soil, a greenhouse film is laid on a leveled field, then the field planting straw seedling-raising pots are placed on the greenhouse film in order, and watering channels are reserved every 2-3 m;
in the step 1, the planting time of the arbor is 2-3 months, and transplanting conditions are met when the root system is completely repaired and a new root system net is formed and the pot seedlings become an organic whole;
secondly, cultivating shrubs with developed root systems by adopting a straw seedling raising rod intensive seedling raising technology;
in the step 2, the diameter of the inscribed circle is 100-200 mm, and the length is 150-300 mm;
in the step 2, caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa and local shrubs with developed root systems and suitable for growing are selected as shrubs with developed root systems;
in the step 2, the shrub cultivation mode adopts seed sowing or bare-rooted seedling transplanting;
in the step 2, the intensive seedling raising substrate of the straw seedling raising rod is prepared by mixing and proportioning planting soil, sand, straw crushed materials, vermiculite, microbial fertilizer, rooting powder and the like;
in the step 2, the intensive seedling raising mode of the straw seedling raising rod is as follows: selecting a field which is smooth around the site of the project and has a watering condition, manually preparing the field into strips with the width of 2-3 m and the length of 4-6 m, forming ridges around the field, wherein the ridges are 20-30 cm high, paving a greenhouse film in the ridges, and compacting and fixing the greenhouse film around the ridges; the well sowed or transplanted straw seedling raising rods (rod seedlings) are placed in the strips in order, and the distance between the rods is 1 cm; watering adopts rhizosphere water supply, namely directly irrigating water into the strips; the plastic arched shed can be flexibly selected and built according to the transplanting season and the plant production requirement during seedling raising;
in the step 2, transplanting conditions are met when shrubs grow to be more than 30 cm;
thirdly, digging a tree planting pit after a planting platform is dug or guiding according to the conditions of the ground according to the actual conditions of the slag mountain, and fully utilizing the existing landform and landform to directly dig the tree planting pit;
in the step 3, the planting platforms are distributed in a step shape, the width of each platform is not less than 1m, and large hard stones are paved and trampled on the outer sides of the platforms;
in the step 3, the tree planting pit excavation mode comprises: directly excavating, constructing a groove, coffering a cofferdam, backfilling, digging a pit and the like;
in the step 3, the planting density of the arbor is as follows: 1 square meter per 2.25 square meters to 1 square meter per 4 square meters, and the planting density of shrubs and flowers and plants is as follows: 1 hole/1 square meter to 1 hole/4 square meter;
in the step 3, the specification of the tree planting pit of the arbor is 60 × 60 × 60cm, and the specification of the tree planting pit of the shrub, the flower and the plant is 30 × 30 × 30 cm;
in the step 3, after the tree planting pit is excavated, in order to effectively keep moisture, a mulching film is paved around the pit;
fourthly, transplanting the trees, shrubs, flowers and plants which are already planted or cultivated and a straw seedling container (comprising a straw seedling pot and a straw seedling rod) into a tree planting pit integrally, and covering soil and compacting;
in the step 4, the seedlings are planted integrally by the straw seedling raising container without removing the container, and the straw seedling raising container is continuously decomposed to become plant root zone organic matters;
in the step 4, the seedlings in the straw seedling raising container are saturated to absorb water before being transplanted;
in the step 4, after the seedlings of the straw seedling raising container are transplanted, the residue soil is directly backfilled without replacing the foreign soil;
in the step 4, after the residue soil is backfilled, righting, trampling and watering are carried out;
in the step 4, after watering is finished, a greenhouse film is covered, and a cross opening is formed in the film, so that the water evaporation is reduced, and the watering penetration in the maintenance period is not influenced;
and in the step 4, covering gravels on the greenhouse film to reduce water evaporation.
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Application publication date: 20200623 |