CN113728880A - Ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas - Google Patents
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001148659 Panicum dichotomiflorum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000234642 Festuca Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000233684 Bremia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000700189 Hystrix <Rodentia> Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209049 Poa pratensis Species 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
A method for planting grass in alpine mining area ecological restoration relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and comprises the following steps: improving the residual soil into an artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer; building a drainage ditch to construct a drainage system; the soil matrix layer is improved into an artificial reconstructed soil layer; spreading organic fertilizer again to increase fertility; sowing; raking and pressing; and paving non-woven fabrics to finish cultivation. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil matrix of the alpine mining area is improved, and the ecological restoration is facilitated; the grass planting process is simplified, constructors can conveniently and quickly master and operate the grass planting process, the grass planting quality is guaranteed, the cost is reduced, the grass planting time is saved, ecological restoration of grass planting in alpine mining areas is promoted, and an important scientific and technological supporting effect is achieved for grass planting and green recovering engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas.
Background
The original soil type of the alpine mining area mainly comprises alpine meadow soil and marsh meadow soil; the parent material is lake deposit and flood deposit, the soil thickness is less than 50cm, the pH value is 7.5, the organic matter content is 21.99%, the calcium carbonate content is 4.5%, the total nitrogen content is 1.126%, the total phosphorus content is 0.114%, the total potassium content is 2.16%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 12.4%. The alpine ecological environment is fragile and easy to destroy, direct damage is caused to soil and vegetation in open pit excavation, slag hill occupation, road occupation and living area occupation in the alpine region due to economic development requirements, and the originally fragile ecological environment is difficult to recover once damaged.
In recent years, on the premise of development, people pay more and more attention to the protection of ecological environment, the ecological environment damaged in the early stage is subjected to treatment and restoration work, a new round of grass planting and green recovering engineering is carried out on the basis of the effect of pit and mountain mining and reclamation in the early stage, however, the muck in alpine mining areas is mostly mudstone and carbon mudstone in coal systems, the content of constant-speed effective nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for plant growth is not high, the muck structure is not provided, the ventilation performance is poor, hardening is very easy, and seedlings cannot root and absorb the nutrients and die. At present, some reports on ecological restoration in alpine mining areas at home and abroad are provided, the researches mainly focus on the aspects of sediment surface layer matrixes, soil covering tests, vegetation restoration, soil characteristics and the like, and the researches on restoring ecology by improving soil and planting pasture are few.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for ecologically restoring grass seeds in alpine mining areas.
The invention provides an ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: after the screened residual soil or the in-situ ploughing and stone picking, improving the residual soil or the in-situ ploughing and stone picking into an artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer with the thickness of 20-28 cm;
the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer mainly takes mudstone and carbonaceous mudstone in a coal-series stratum as main materials, and although the organic matter content of the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer is high, the pasture grass has less nutrient contents such as alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and the like required by the growth of the pasture grass.
The second step is that: a drainage ditch is built in the 30-50 m slope of the slag soil of the mining area, and forms a drainage system together with a water retaining dam built in a platform area of a side slope of a mining pit, the built drainage system can drain redundant ground water and underground water, so that artificial pasture can be prevented from waterlogging and waterlogging, and the effects of improving the air permeability of soil, adjusting the temperature of the soil and promoting organic matters to release nutrients are achieved. The mining area adopts open ditches for drainage, drainage ditches at all levels are excavated to form a drainage ditch net, and water enters pit bottom branch ditches and main ditches from slope drop ditches and slope corner cut drainage ditches and finally flows into a river drainage area; the distance between every two falling drainage ditches is 30-50 m, the falling drainage ditches are trapezoidal, the width of an opening is 0.5m, the width of a ditch bottom is 0.3m, and the depth of the ditch bottom is 0.3 m; the pit bottom and the platform drainage ditch are of uniform specification, and are trapezoidal, the opening width is 0.8m, the ditch bottom width is 0.5m, and the depth is 0.5 m.
The third step: spreading 25-33 m of sheep manure per mu on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer3The amount of the organic fertilizer used in flat ground is 600-750 kg per mu, and the amount of the organic fertilizer used in sloping fields is 850-1000 kg per mu; and fully mixing the sheep manure, the organic fertilizer and the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer to form an artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the mixing depth is more than 15 cm.
The fourth step: and (3) scattering organic fertilizer on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer scattered per mu on the flat land is 600-750 kg, and the amount of the organic fertilizer scattered per mu on the sloping field is 850-1000 kg, so that the fertility of the artificial reconstructed soil is further increased.
The fifth step: mixing and broadcasting the grass seeds and the special fertilizer for the grass on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer, manually loading the artificial reconstructed soil layer into a sowing machine, and sowing in windless or breezy weather; in order to ensure sufficient and uniform seeding, test seeding work is carried out, the seeding speed and the seeding times are determined, a large-scale seeding machine is used for seeding on a flat ground, and the small-scale seeding machine and the manual seeding mode are used for reseeding at corners; seeding is carried out on the sloping field by a small-sized seeder and manual seeding, and the seeding is carried out at a constant speed along the contour line or steps of the sloping field.
The amount of the forage grass seeds is 10-15kg per mu, the amount of the forage grass seeds is 14-18kg per mu, and the amount of the fertilizer special for the forage grass is 13-15kg per mu; the grass seeds are Elymus brevicaulis or Poa pratensis in Qinghai-Wen-David or Cysticta sinensis
And a sixth step: raking and pressing; for the land blocks to be sown, mechanical or manual raking and pressing are adopted.
The seventh step: and laying non-woven fabrics. The water retention and heat preservation are achieved, and the water and soil loss is prevented. The non-woven fabric is 3m wide, is spread along a plane, a slope or a platform according to terrain conditions and is tightly attached to the ground, adjacent non-woven fabrics are overlapped by about 5cm, and the non-woven fabrics are compacted by stone at intervals to prevent wind blowing or rainwater washing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil matrix of the alpine mining area is improved, and the ecological restoration is facilitated; the grass planting process is simplified, constructors can conveniently and quickly master and operate the grass planting process, the grass planting quality is guaranteed, the cost is reduced, the grass planting time is saved, ecological restoration of grass planting in alpine mining areas is promoted, and an important scientific and technological supporting effect is achieved for grass planting and green recovering engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides an ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: after the screened residual soil or the in-situ ploughing and stone picking, the soil is improved into an artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer with the thickness of 20 cm.
The second step is that: drainage ditches are built at 30m positions of the slag soil slope surface of the mining area, a drainage system is formed together with the retaining dam built in the mining pit side slope platform area, all levels of drainage ditches are excavated to form drainage ditch nets, the distance between the drainage ditches is 30m, the drainage ditches are trapezoidal in shape, the width of an opening is 0.5m, the width of a ditch bottom is 0.3m, and the depth of the ditch bottom is 0.3 m.
The third step: spreading sheep manure with the dosage of 25m per mu on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer3The amount of the organic fertilizer used in flat ground per mu is 600kg, and the amount of the organic fertilizer used in sloping field per mu is 850 kg; and fully mixing the sheep manure, the organic fertilizer and the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer to form an artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the mixing depth is 15 cm.
The fourth step: and (3) scattering organic fertilizer on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer scattered per mu on the flat land is 600kg, and the amount of the organic fertilizer scattered per mu on the sloping land is 850kg, so that the fertility of the artificial reconstructed soil is further increased.
The fifth step: sowing seeds of 10kg of Elymus brevicaulis seeds and 13kg of special fertilizer for pasture in the flat land, and sowing the seeds and the special fertilizer on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer in a mixing manner;
sowing on sloping fields, and sowing 14kg of Code Elymus brevifolia seeds and 15kg of special fertilizer for pasture on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer in a mixed manner.
And a sixth step: for the land parcel of sowing, adopt the machinery to rake and suppress.
The seventh step: and laying non-woven fabrics, selecting non-woven fabrics with the width of 3m, paving along a plane, a slope surface or a platform according to terrain conditions, sticking the non-woven fabrics to the ground, overlapping adjacent non-woven fabrics by 5cm, and compacting at intervals by stone blocks.
Example 2
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides an ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and after the screened residual soil or the in-situ ploughing and stone picking, improving the residual soil into an artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer with the thickness of 25 cm.
The second step is that: and a drainage ditch is built at 40m of the slag soil slope surface of the mining area, and the drainage ditch and a retaining dam built in the side slope platform area of the mining pit form a drainage system together.
The third step: spreading sheep manure with the dosage of 30m per mu on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer3The amount of the organic fertilizer used in flat ground is 700kg per mu, and the amount of the organic fertilizer used in sloping field is 900kg per mu; and fully mixing the sheep manure, the organic fertilizer and the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer to form an artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the mixing depth is 16 cm.
The fourth step: organic fertilizers are scattered on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer, the amount of the organic fertilizers scattered on the flat land is 700kg per mu, the amount of the organic fertilizers scattered on the sloping land is 900kg per mu, and the fertility of the artificial reconstructed soil is further increased.
The fifth step: sowing seeds of the bluegrass 13kg and a special fertilizer for the pasture 14kg in a mixed manner on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer;
sowing on sloping fields, and sowing 16kg of seeds of bluegrass and 15kg of special fertilizer for pasture grass on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer in a mixed manner.
And a sixth step: for the land parcel of sowing, adopt the machinery to rake and suppress.
The seventh step: and laying non-woven fabrics, and compacting by using stones at intervals.
Example 3
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides an ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and after the screened residual soil or the in-situ ploughing and stone picking, improving the residual soil into an artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer with the thickness of 28 cm.
The second step is that: and (3) constructing a drainage ditch at 50m of the slag soil slope surface of the mining area, and forming a drainage system together with a retaining dam constructed in the side slope platform area of the mining pit.
The third step: spreading sheep manure with the dosage of 33m per mu on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer3750kg of flat land dosage and 1000kg of sloping land dosage of the organic fertilizer per mu; and fully mixing the sheep manure, the organic fertilizer and the artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer to form an artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the mixing depth is 17 cm.
The fourth step: and (3) broadcasting organic fertilizer on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 750kg for each mu of flat land and 1000kg for each mu of sloping land, and the fertility of the artificial reconstructed soil is further increased.
The fifth step: sowing on the flat ground, namely, sowing 15kg of seeds of the Qinghai Chinese fescue and 15kg of special fertilizer for pasture in a mixed manner on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer; sowing on sloping fields, 18kg of Qinghai Chinese fescue seeds and 15kg of special fertilizer for pasture are mixed and sowed on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer.
And a sixth step: and (4) adopting manual raking and pressing for the land blocks for sowing.
The seventh step: and laying non-woven fabrics, and compacting by using stones at intervals.
Claims (4)
1. A method for ecologically restoring and planting grass in alpine mining areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, improving the residual soil into an artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer: the method comprises the steps of (1) turning on the spot to pick up stones by screening muck in a mining area, and improving the muck into an artificial reconstructed soil matrix layer with the thickness of 20-28 cm;
step two, constructing a drainage ditch to construct a drainage system: constructing drainage ditches on the slag soil slope surface of the mining area, and forming a drainage system together with a retaining dam constructed in the mining pit slope platform area;
and step three, improving the soil matrix layer into an artificial reconstructed soil layer: the dosage of the sheep manure per mu is 25-33 m3The amount of the organic fertilizer used in flat ground is 600-750 kg per mu, and the amount of the organic fertilizer used in sloping fields is 850-1000 kg per mu; sufficiently mixing the sheep manure, the organic fertilizer and the artificially reconstructed soil matrix layer to form an artificially reconstructed soil layer;
fourthly, scattering the organic fertilizer again to increase the fertility: spreading organic fertilizers on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizers spread per mu of flat land is 600-750 kg, and the amount of the organic fertilizers spread per mu of sloping land is 850-1000 kg, so that the fertility of the artificial reconstructed soil is further increased;
step five, sowing: mixing and broadcasting pasture seeds and special pasture fertilizer on the surface of the artificial reconstructed soil layer, wherein the amount of the pasture seeds is 10-15kg per mu in flat land, the amount of the pasture seeds is 14-18kg per mu in sloping land, and the amount of the special pasture fertilizer is 13-15kg per mu;
sixth step, raking and pressing: raking and pressing the sowed land parcel;
seventh step, laying non-woven fabrics: after the raking and pressing is finished, the non-woven fabric is laid, and the edge overlapping part of the non-woven fabric is compacted by stone.
2. The ecological restoration grass planting method for the alpine mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the drainage ditch adopts open ditch drainage.
3. The ecological restoration grass planting method for the alpine mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixing depth in the third step is more than 15 cm.
4. The ecological restoration grass planting method for the alpine mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the forage grass seeds sowed in the fifth step are any one of Code Bremia indica, blue-sea meadow bluegrass, blue-sea cold-land bluegrass and blue-sea Festuca sinensis.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114303806A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-12 | 中煤(安徽)地质环保科技有限公司 | Vegetation greening method and vegetation greening auxiliary structure thereof in alpine and high-altitude areas |
| CN115529880A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Method for recovering slag mountain vegetation in alpine mining area |
| CN115839079A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-03-24 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Artificial reconstruction repairing method for underground soil layer in high and cold region |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114303806A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-12 | 中煤(安徽)地质环保科技有限公司 | Vegetation greening method and vegetation greening auxiliary structure thereof in alpine and high-altitude areas |
| CN114303806B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-02-28 | 中煤(安徽)地质环保科技有限公司 | Vegetation greening method and vegetation greening auxiliary structure thereof in alpine and high-altitude areas |
| CN115529880A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Method for recovering slag mountain vegetation in alpine mining area |
| CN115529880B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2023-03-31 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Method for recovering slag mountain vegetation in alpine mining area |
| CN115839079A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-03-24 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Artificial reconstruction repairing method for underground soil layer in high and cold region |
| CN115839079B (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-05-16 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Artificial reconstruction restoration method for underground soil layer in alpine region |
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