CN116267079B - Method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag - Google Patents
Method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag Download PDFInfo
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- CN116267079B CN116267079B CN202310285990.7A CN202310285990A CN116267079B CN 116267079 B CN116267079 B CN 116267079B CN 202310285990 A CN202310285990 A CN 202310285990A CN 116267079 B CN116267079 B CN 116267079B
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Classifications
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
Abstract
The invention provides a method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using a starch-based biodegradable plant bag, which comprises the following steps: s1, site condition investigation and grouting fire extinguishment; s2, shaping mountain bodies; s3, constructing a planting belt system; s4, constructing an inclined fish scale pit planting system; s5, constructing a flexible slope protection system; s6, constructing a water transmission and distribution pipeline system; and S6, maintenance management. The invention relates to a method for realizing the greening of the vegetation of the coal gangue mountain in a short time; is suitable for the ecological development requirements of comprehensive treatment of the current mine ecological environment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetation recovery, in particular to a method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using a starch-based biodegradable plant growth bag.
Background
According to statistics, coal mine enterprises in China discharge hundreds of millions of tons of coal gangue each year, and the huge amount of coal gangue is accumulated in a mining area to form slag mountains. Under the actions of precipitation leaching, weathering, migration and conversion and the like, acidic substances, heavy metals and the like generated by the slag wastes can be released into surrounding soil, water and biological environment, so that environmental pollution and ecological damage are caused. Therefore, the treatment of the coal gangue hill becomes an important task for the environmental treatment of the coal mine area, and has great significance for restoring the ecological environment of the mining area.
The patent application number is CN 111685019A, which discloses a mining area gangue hill vegetation recovery method, and the main contents are as follows: digging a spiral planting ditch surrounding the whole mountain along the circumferential direction of the coal gangue mountain; spraying soil acid conditioning liquid for neutralizing the acidity of the surface layer of the whole coal gangue hill to the coal gangue hill, and after one to two days after spraying, spraying water to the whole mountain so as to wash off residues which are not neutralized on the mountain; paving a first planting soil layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, paving a prefabricated vegetation seed growing strip along the whole planting ditch, and covering a second planting soil layer above the vegetation seed growing strip in the planting ditch; irrigation is carried out through an irrigation water pipe, irrigation is stopped after the second planting soil layer is soaked, and re-irrigation is carried out according to humidity requirements in the later period; planting shrubs or vines in the planting ditch in the planting season. In actual operation, the soil acid conditioner is sprayed to the coal gangue hill for neutralizing the surface acidity of the whole coal gangue hill, water is sprayed to the whole mountain after waiting for one or two days, and the unneutralized residues on the mountain are washed away.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a method for recovering the vegetation of the coal gangue hill by using a starch-based biodegradable plant growth bag, which is a method for realizing the greening of the vegetation of the coal gangue hill in a short time; is suitable for the ecological development requirements of comprehensive treatment of the current mine ecological environment and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical schemes and operation steps are needed:
s1: site condition survey, grouting fire extinguishment
The method comprises the steps of analyzing the topography, stacking components and hydrologic characteristics of the coal gangue dump by collecting data, performing on-site investigation and the like, determining engineering geological conditions and gangue components of a gangue dump field, surveying the compactness, temperature and gas of the gangue dump, preparing a gangue dump temperature partition dividing standard, and drawing a gangue dump temperature distribution diagram.
And then, according to a gangue hill temperature distribution diagram, a relative number of holes are arranged in a treatment area in a targeted manner, according to the characteristics of the gangue hill, the corresponding fire extinguishing materials are selected to be prepared into alkaline fire extinguishing slurry according to a certain proportion, and finally, the alkaline fire extinguishing slurry is injected into the interior of the gangue hill by a grouting pump. Effectively isolating gangue body from air, isolating oxygen, and burning gangue to generate SO 2 ，H 2 S and other acid gases are effectively absorbed, so that the emission of pollutants is greatly reduced, the effect of protecting the environment is achieved, meanwhile, the internal environment of the gangue hill is converted from the acid environment to the alkaline environment, and the possibility of reburning of the gangue hill is greatly reduced.
S2: mountain shaping
The waste rock discharging field side slope is used as a main object for slope treatment, slope cutting treatment is needed, the whole mountain body is excavated in a progressive manner from the periphery of a ring pile body at the top of the waste rock mountain to the mountain foot layer by layer, the slope is built into a continuous belt shape, the field surface is inclined inwards to form a 12-degree counter slope, tian Miankuan 1.5.5-2.5 m, and the waste rock is covered by a soil-waste rock mixture (waste rock: loess=1:1), the covering thickness is 2-3m, and the compactness is more than or equal to 85%, so that the soil-waste rock mixed counter slope terrace waste rock is formed. The method is characterized in that a horse way is arranged between soil and gangue mixed counter-slope terraces of each layer, the horse way divides the slope into steps, the height-width ratio of the slope is less than or equal to 1:1.75, the width of the horse way is 2-3m, and leveling, rolling and tamping are performed after the slope, the horse way and the platform are formed, wherein the tamping coefficient is more than or equal to 0.85. Digging a flexible drainage ditch between the catwalk and the planting belt, paving a 2m thick plain soil ramming layer in the flexible drainage ditch, paving geotechnical cloth on the plain soil ramming layer, paving geotechnical bags in the flexible drainage ditch, wherein the distance between the upper geotechnical bags is 0.8m, the middle position distance is 0.6m, and the bottom position distance is 0.4m.
The flexible reservoir is built on the platform at the top of the gangue hill, geotechnical cloth is paved in the flexible reservoir to realize the geotechnical cloth geotechnical bag presser foot with protruding edges of the flexible reservoir, so that accumulated rainwater is collected in rainy seasons, water and soil loss caused by surface runoff can be reduced, water sources can be stored, and the flexible reservoir can be used for daily irrigation water. Meanwhile, the flexible slope toe is arranged by arranging two layers of geotechnical bags on the slope toe of the coal gangue hill and placing the geotechnical bags with the height of 1m on the slope body, and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag is placed above the geotechnical bags, so that the method has good effects of reducing rain wash, coping with the settlement of the coal gangue hill and stabilizing the slope surface. The composite retaining wall mainly comprises a waste rock retaining wall and a sand gravel layer, wherein the sand gravel layer is arranged between the waste rock retaining wall and a waste dump pile body, M7.5 cement mortar is used for building an MU30 waste rock retaining wall, a 120mm thick concrete coping is arranged at the top of the waste rock retaining wall, a water draining hole is formed in the front of the waste rock retaining wall to the rear of the waste rock retaining wall, a PVC pipe with the specification of 50-80 mm is adopted, the water draining hole is formed at intervals of 2-3M along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the waste rock retaining wall, geotextile is arranged after the water draining hole, a first layer of sand gravel wall with the thickness of 5M is built from the inner side to the outer side, a second layer of sand gravel layer with the thickness of 1M is built, a third layer of dry masonry wall is built, the middle of the dry masonry wall is filled with sand gravel layer, the sand gravel layer and the waste dump pile body is covered with soil 1M, the upper layer of planting soil is a soil mixing layer, and a settlement joint is formed at intervals of 1:2 cement mortar, and a certain distance is filled with asphalt; a lime soil cushion layer with the thickness of 0.3m and the ratio of 3:7 is built at the bottom of the gangue blocking wall, and the tamping coefficient is more than or equal to 0.97, so that the coal gangue blocking wall can prevent oxygen from penetrating into the wall, can smoothly drain water, prevent the coal gangue Dan Shandui body from absorbing water and saturating, and reduce damage of precipitation scouring to the slope toe of the coal gangue pile body.
S3: plant belt system construction
A planting belt is arranged on a soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terrace, a plain soil ramming layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.5m is paved at the bottom of the planting belt, the plain soil ramming layer is divided into an inner ring layer and an outer ring layer, an annular flexible ditch with the width of 0.4-0.6m and the depth of 0.2m is excavated between the inner ring layer and the outer ring layer, and the slope is found from the middle to the two sides according to the longitudinal drainage gradient of 0.5% -1.0%. Starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags are paved on the inner ring layer and the outer ring layer, the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203 are paved in a staggered manner, and meanwhile, flow guiding channels with the width of 0.2m to 0.3m and the depth of 0.2m are respectively dug between the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags, the flow guiding channels are communicated with the annular flexible water channels, geotextiles are paved in the flow guiding channels, and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203 are utilized for pressing feet so as to ensure smooth drainage.
The starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag is a plant-growing bag which is easy to degrade in natural environment after a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other celluloses, photosensitizers, biodegradable agents and the like) are added in the production process, and can be degraded into water and carbon dioxide, and the main sources of the degradable materials are corn, cassava and polylactic acid, wherein the polylactic acid (PLA) is a novel nano biological and renewable biodegradable material. Starch is converted to glucose by saccharification and then to high purity lactic acid by fermentation of glucose and certain strains. The environment-friendly material has good biodegradability, can be completely degraded by natural microorganisms under specific conditions after being used, and the degradation products of the environment-friendly material, namely carbon dioxide and water, cannot pollute the environment, and is very beneficial to protecting the environment.
The specification of the starch-based biodegradable plant growth bag is 0.6mX0.4m (0.55mX0.3mX0.15m after filling), and the matrix materials contained in the bag are selected from nutrient planting soil, coconut chaff, sawdust (wood dust), water-retaining agent, organic fertilizer and the like, wherein the nutrient planting soil has good physical and chemical properties, loose structure, ventilation and strong water and fertilizer retaining capability, and is the plant loam suitable for plant growth; the coconut chaff is natural organic matter powder generated in the coconut processing process, and has good water retention and air permeability after high-temperature disinfection treatment and desalination treatment; the sawdust is waste after wood processing, is treated and improved to serve as a light base material, and has the functions of absorbing water, ventilating, increasing organic matter content and the like; the water-retaining agent is prepared from high molecular potassium polyacrylate and amide polymer, and is prepared by mixing the water-retaining agent with a dosage form of 0.5-3 mm, adding dry particles into nutrient soil, uniformly mixing, and watering thoroughly. Or the water-retaining agent absorbs enough water to form saturated gel, and 10 to 15 percent of the water-retaining agent is added to be uniformly mixed with soil; the organic fertilizer is a fertilizer formed by adopting various animal wastes (including animal manure, animal processing wastes) and garden wastes (crop straws, fallen leaves, dried branches and the like) and adopting physical, chemical, biological or combined treatment technologies, and eliminating harmful substances (pathogen, insect egg, weed seeds and the like) in the organic fertilizer through certain processing technologies (including but not limited to composting, high temperature, anaerobism and the like) to reach harmless standards.
The starch-based biodegradable plant growth bag can be used for planting one or more of Kochia scoparia, wild oat, alfalfa, herba Xanthii, artemisia annua, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, green bristlegrass, herba Humuli Scandentis, cockscomb, dandelion, and semen Pisi Sativi seeds, or one or more of shrub species such as torch tree, azalea, lespedeza, caragana, fructus forsythiae, fructus Caryae Cathayensis, and amorpha fruticosa.
S4: construction of inclined fish scale pit planting system
The inclined fish scale pit is excavated on the slope surface of the soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terrace along the direction inclined by 30 degrees with the contour line from top to bottom, the diameter of the inclined fish scale pit is 0.4-0.6m, the pit depth is 0.6m, the pitch of each inclined fish scale pit is 1.5-2m, the pitch of the upper row of pits and the lower row of pits is 1.5-2m, and the pits are in a shape of a Chinese character 'pin', so that soil conservation and water storage are facilitated. The inclined fish scale pit is internally provided with a growth promoting body, and the growth promoting body matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1100 parts of gangue ecological aggregate, 800 parts of loess, 600 parts of turfy soil, 400 parts of sodium bentonite, 50 parts of brassin, 1600 parts of wood fiber, 35 parts of fulvic acid and 40 parts of vegetable gum, mixing the above materials, uniformly stirring, compressing and bonding to prepare a mixed matrix, and simultaneously planting one or more of low shrubs such as Chinese sumac, green mountain beans, negundo chastetree, oleaster, coriaria sinensis and the like on the mixed matrix. After the seedlings are planted, the degradable mulching film is covered on the seedlings, the degradable mulching film is made of two main raw materials of natural biomass such as starch, cellulose, chitin and the like, and the raw materials are modified and synthesized to form the production raw materials of the degradable mulching film, so that the degradable mulching film has the functions of heating, preserving soil moisture, weeding, preventing insects and the like of the traditional mulching film, has natural degradation capability, and can reduce the cost (including labor force, treatment/recovery cost and the like) for cleaning and treating the mulching film.
The gangue ecological aggregate is obtained by crushing gangue through a stainless steel crusher and sieving the crushed gangue by 1 mm; loess is obtained from farmland plough layer 0-20cm, air-dried, ground, and sieved with 1mm sieve; the turfy soil is soft and easy to break, has a specific gravity of 0.7-1.05, is mostly brown or black, has combustibility and gas absorption, has a pH value of generally 5.5-6.5, and is slightly acidic and distributed in a layered manner; sodium bentonite is claystone which takes montmorillonite (also called microcrystalline kaolinite and kaolinite) as main component, has hygroscopicity and can adsorb water with the volume of 8-15 times; brassin is a new plant endogenous hormone, is a recognized high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and nontoxic plant growth regulator, has strong penetration and quick systemic absorption, and can obviously increase the growth of plant nutrients and promote fertilization under very low concentration. The chlorophyll content can be effectively increased, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, the root and seedling are promoted, the flowers and fruits are protected, and the stress resistance of crops such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance and the like is improved; the wood fiber has high organic matter content, good water retention performance, large water absorption capacity and slow and uniform water release, can be well fused with seeds and fertilizers, can prevent the erosion of wind and rain to surface soil, and improves the soil structure. The fertilizer is rich in organic matters, is beneficial to microbial growth, promotes soil curing, increases soil fertility, and is capable of conserving moisture and fertilizer, and sufficient moisture and nutrient are provided for plant growth. The vegetation is in the later stage, can be naturally degraded into organic fertilizer, and provides long-term nutrients for plants. The size can be 0.7-5 mm; the fulvic acid is one of humic acid, is an organic colloid substance, has strong water absorption capacity, strong water retention and fertilizer retention, has obvious synergistic effect on chemical fertilizers, can effectively promote the rapid growth of plants, and enhances the stress resistance of crops. The size of the powder can be 100-200 meshes; the viscosity of the vegetable gum is 4000 mPas-6000 mPas; the water mass is less than or equal to 12 percent; the pH value is 5.5-7.0, and the water-retaining agent is matched with the water-retaining agent without weakening the respective functions, and the water-retaining agent can be automatically degraded without causing harm to the environment.
S5: construction of flexible slope protection system
The flexible slope protection is formed by discharging or stacking starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags along the slope surface; the side slope surface is a supporting drainage side slope surface of the soil-gangue mixed slope surface; surrounding the piled starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203 by galvanized alloy net interval, reinforcing the piled starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags, and connecting galvanized alloy net nodes with the upper sections of anchor rods of the slope support system; the side slope surface is a soil-gangue mixed layer paved along the slope surface, and a layer of non-woven fabric is paved between the soil-gangue mixed layer and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag to form a drainage side slope surface.
S6: construction of water delivery and distribution pipeline system
A water pump is arranged on a flexible reservoir of a gangue mountain top platform, a water pump outlet valve is led out of a water pipe, is led to a soil-gangue mixing counter-slope terrace platform, is led downwards along the slope of a catwalk and a fish scale pit system to the lowest primary catwalk, branch pipe pipelines are arranged on each stage of catwalk, a vertical pipe for installing a spray head is arranged on each stage of catwalk, and accessory accessories for various connection and control are arranged on the pipeline system, including an elbow, a tee joint, a gate valve and the like, so that a pipeline system consisting of the branch pipe, the vertical pipe, the valve and the like is formed. The shower nozzle is installed on the standpipe, utilizes the support to support, sprays the pressure water to the sky through the nozzle, under the resistance effect of air, forms the water droplet form, and the spill is at the soil surface of platform and slope, and the shower nozzle selects big range rotatory shower nozzle.
S7: maintenance management
After the slope vegetation recovery engineering is completed, the non-woven fabric is used for completely covering the slope vegetation, and the U-shaped steel nails are used for fixing the joints and the periphery. After rainfall and sprinkling irrigation operation, the slope surface of the hillock, the soil and gangue mixed counter-slope terrace platform and the scale pit system is always kept moist until the hillock, the soil and gangue sprout or spread the leaves, and then the non-woven fabric is removed in time. And after the plants sprout, supplementing the plant sparse areas on the coal gangue hill, and when the pits are dug in advance, the seedlings are watered along with digging, transporting and planting to improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
According to the invention, a plurality of single technologies and technology combinations are adopted according to local conditions, the vegetation recovery is carried out on the coal gangue hill, and the average vegetation coverage rate of a treatment area is more than 70% through the comprehensive vegetation recovery technology, so that the near-natural ecological treatment is realized. Taking a mining area of a coal mine in a slope of Xingxiang county of Shanxi province as an example, firstly shaping a soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terraced field slope surface formed after treatment of a coal gangue mountain into a slope table with a gradient of not more than 12 degrees, constructing a composite retaining wall at the bottom to prevent collapse possibly generated in the stacking process of the coal gangue, and on the basis, adopting measures such as staggered arrangement of starch-based biodegradable plant bags on the soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terraced field platform, digging inclined fish scale pits on the soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terraced field slope surface for artificial planting, and adopting a combined method such as covering non-woven fabrics and the like to make later-period maintenance, so that the treatment work effect of the coal gangue mountain is remarkable.
The starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag has good biodegradability, can be completely degraded by natural microorganisms under specific conditions after being used, and the degradation products of the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag, namely carbon dioxide and water, cannot pollute the environment, is very beneficial to environmental protection, and is an environment-friendly material. Unexpected effect is mainly characterized in that the method can quickly realize the vegetation recovery of the gangue hill, and the method is more comprehensive in recovery from comprehensive treatment angles such as vegetation recovery, gangue hill treatment, economic benefit, spontaneous combustion prevention and the like, and has high ecology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a section of a coal gangue dump in a mixed landslide terrace;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a plant belt system;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an inclined fish scale pit;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible drain;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible toe;
fig. 6 is a composite retaining wall.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and detailed description, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The method is applied to comprehensive utilization projects of the coal gangue in the inclined ditch coal mine and coal preparation plant of the Shanxi mountain Jin Xing energy-limited responsible company accepted by the limited company of the ecological environment of beautiful China, various single technologies and technical combinations are adopted according to local conditions, vegetation recovery is carried out on the coal gangue, and the average vegetation coverage rate of a treatment area is more than 70% through the comprehensive vegetation recovery technology, so that near-natural ecological treatment is realized.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using a starch-based biodegradable plant bag, which comprises the following steps:
1) Site condition survey, grouting fire extinguishment
The method comprises the steps of analyzing the topography, stacking components and hydrologic characteristics of the coal gangue dump by collecting data, performing on-site investigation and the like, determining engineering geological conditions and gangue components of a gangue dump field, surveying the compactness, temperature and gas of the gangue dump, preparing a gangue dump temperature partition dividing standard, and drawing a gangue dump temperature distribution diagram.
And then, according to a gangue hill temperature distribution diagram, a relative number of holes are arranged in a treatment area in a targeted manner, according to the characteristics of the gangue hill, the corresponding fire extinguishing materials are selected to be prepared into alkaline fire extinguishing slurry according to a certain proportion, and finally, the alkaline fire extinguishing slurry is injected into the interior of the gangue hill by a grouting pump. Effectively isolating gangue body from air, isolating oxygen, and burning gangue to generate SO 2 ，H 2 S and other acid gases are effectively absorbed, so that the emission of pollutants is greatly reduced, the effect of protecting the environment is achieved, meanwhile, the internal environment of the gangue hill is converted from the acid environment to the alkaline environment, and the possibility of reburning of the gangue hill is greatly reduced.
2) Mountain shaping
The waste rock discharging field side slope is used as a main object for slope treatment, slope cutting treatment is needed, the whole mountain body is excavated in a progressive manner from the periphery of a ring pile body at the top of the waste rock mountain to the mountain foot layer by layer, the slope is built into a continuous belt shape, the field surface is inclined inwards to form a 12-degree counter slope, tian Miankuan 1.5.5-2.5 m, and the waste rock is covered by a soil-waste rock mixture (waste rock: loess=1:1), the covering thickness is 2-3m, and the compactness is more than or equal to 85%, so that the soil-waste rock mixed counter slope terrace waste rock is formed. The method is characterized in that a horse way is arranged between soil and gangue mixed counter-slope terraces of each layer, the horse way divides the slope into steps, the height-width ratio of the slope is less than or equal to 1:1.75, the width of the horse way is 2-3m, and leveling, rolling and tamping are performed after the slope, the horse way and the platform are formed, wherein the tamping coefficient is more than or equal to 0.85. A flexible drainage ditch 4 is dug between the catwalk and the planting belt 2, a 2m thick soil ramming layer 403 is paved in the flexible drainage ditch 4, geotechnical cloth 402 is paved on the soil ramming layer 403, geotechnical bags 401 are paved in the flexible drainage ditch 4, the distance between the upper geotechnical bags 401 is 0.8m, the middle position distance is 0.6m, and the bottom position distance is 0.4m.
The flexible reservoir is built on the platform at the top of the gangue hill, geotechnical cloth 402 is paved in the flexible reservoir to realize, the geotechnical cloth 402 protruding at the edge of the flexible reservoir is pressed down by the geotechnical bag 401, so that accumulated rainwater can be collected in rainy seasons, water and soil loss caused by surface runoff can be reduced, a water source can be stored, and the flexible reservoir can be used for daily irrigation water. Meanwhile, the setting of the flexible slope toe is completed by arranging two layers of geotechnical bags on the slope toe of the coal gangue hill and placing the geotechnical bags 401 with the height of 1m on the slope body, and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag 203 is placed above the geotechnical bags, so that the method has good effects of reducing rain wash, coping with the settlement of the coal gangue hill and stabilizing the slope surface. The composite retaining wall mainly comprises a waste rock retaining wall and a sand and pebble layer, wherein the sand and pebble layer is arranged between the waste rock retaining wall 701 and a waste rock pile 702, the MU30 waste rock retaining wall 701 is built by M7.5 cement mortar, a 120mm thick concrete roof 703 is arranged at the top of the waste rock retaining wall 701, a water discharge hole 705 is formed in the front of the waste rock retaining wall to the rear of the waste rock retaining wall, PVC pipes with the specification of 50-80 mm are adopted, the water discharge holes are formed at intervals of 2-3M along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the waste rock retaining wall, the water discharge hole is staggered up and down, a sand and pebble layer 711 is arranged after the water discharge hole, a sand and pebble layer 707 and a third dry brick wall 706 are built by the sand and pebble layer 1M thick from the inner side to the outer side, the sand and pebble layer and the waste rock pile are filled with sand and pebble, soil 7091M is planted on the waste rock pile, and a cement mixed layer is filled with 1:1 seam and a certain distance is reserved between the sand and the asphalt seam; and a 0.3m thick 3:7 gray soil cushion layer 704 is built at the bottom of the gangue blocking wall, the tamping coefficient is more than or equal to 0.97, the oxygen infiltration can be prevented, water can be smoothly discharged, the water absorption saturation of a gangue Dan Shandui body is prevented, and the damage of precipitation scouring to the toe of a gangue dump body is reduced.
3) Plant belt system construction
The method is characterized in that a planting belt 2 is arranged on a soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terrace, a plain soil ramming layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.5m is paved at the bottom of the planting belt, the plain soil ramming layer is divided into an inner ring layer 202 and an outer ring layer 201, an annular flexible ditch 204 with the width of 0.4-0.6m and the depth of 0.2m is excavated between the inner ring layer 202 and the outer ring layer 201, and the slope is found from the middle to the two sides by the annular flexible ditch 204 according to the longitudinal drainage gradient of 0.5% -1.0%. The inner ring layer and the outer ring layer are respectively paved with starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203, the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203 are paved in a staggered manner, meanwhile, flow guide channels 205 with the width of 0.2m to 0.3m and the depth of 0.2m are respectively dug between the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203, the flow guide channels 205 are communicated with the annular flexible water channels 204, geotextiles are paved in the flow guide channels, and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203 are utilized for presser feet to ensure smooth drainage.
4) Construction of inclined fish scale pit planting system
The inclined fish scale pit 3 is excavated on the soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terrace slope surface 301 along the direction inclined by 30 degrees with the contour line, the diameter of the inclined fish scale pit 3 is 0.4-0.6m, the pit depth is 0.6m, the pitch of each inclined fish scale pit is 1.5-2m, the pitch of the upper row pit and the lower row pit is 1.5-2m, and the pits are in a shape like Chinese character 'pin', so that soil conservation and water storage are facilitated. The inclined fish scale pit 301 is internally provided with a growth promoting body, and the growth promoting body matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1100 parts of gangue ecological aggregate, 800 parts of loess, 600 parts of turfy soil, 400 parts of sodium bentonite, 50 parts of brassin, 1600 parts of wood fiber, 35 parts of fulvic acid and 40 parts of vegetable gum, mixing the above materials, uniformly stirring, compressing and bonding to prepare a mixed matrix, and simultaneously planting one or more of low shrubs such as Chinese sumac, green mountain beans, negundo chastetree, oleaster, coriaria sinensis and the like on the mixed matrix. After the seedlings are planted, the degradable mulching film is covered on the seedlings, the degradable mulching film is made of two main raw materials of natural biomass such as starch, cellulose, chitin and the like, and the raw materials are modified and synthesized to form the production raw materials of the degradable mulching film, so that the degradable mulching film has the functions of heating, preserving soil moisture, weeding, preventing insects and the like of the traditional mulching film, has natural degradation capability, and can reduce the cost (including labor force, treatment/recovery cost and the like) for cleaning and treating the mulching film.
Further, the gangue ecological aggregate is obtained by crushing gangue through a stainless steel crusher and sieving the crushed gangue by 1 mm; loess is obtained from farmland plough layer 0-20cm, air-dried, ground, and sieved with 1mm sieve; the turfy soil is soft and easy to break, has a specific gravity of 0.7-1.05, is mostly brown or black, has combustibility and gas absorption, has a pH value of generally 5.5-6.5, and is slightly acidic and distributed in a layered manner; sodium bentonite is claystone which takes montmorillonite (also called microcrystalline kaolinite and kaolinite) as main component, has hygroscopicity and can adsorb water with the volume of 8-15 times; brassin is a new plant endogenous hormone, is a recognized high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and nontoxic plant growth regulator, has strong penetration and quick systemic absorption, and can obviously increase the growth of plant nutrients and promote fertilization under very low concentration. The chlorophyll content can be effectively increased, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, the root and seedling are promoted, the flowers and fruits are protected, and the stress resistance of crops such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance and the like is improved; the wood fiber has high organic matter content, good water retention performance, large water absorption capacity and slow and uniform water release, can be well fused with seeds and fertilizers, can prevent the erosion of wind and rain to surface soil, and improves the soil structure. The fertilizer is rich in organic matters, is beneficial to microbial growth, promotes soil curing, increases soil fertility, and is capable of conserving moisture and fertilizer, and sufficient moisture and nutrient are provided for plant growth. The vegetation is in the later stage, can be naturally degraded into organic fertilizer, and provides long-term nutrients for plants. The size can be 0.7-5 mm; the fulvic acid is one of humic acid, is an organic colloid substance, has strong water absorption capacity, strong water retention and fertilizer retention, has obvious synergistic effect on chemical fertilizers, can effectively promote the rapid growth of plants, and enhances the stress resistance of crops. The size of the powder can be 100-200 meshes; the viscosity of the vegetable gum is 4000 mPas-6000 mPas; the water mass is less than or equal to 12 percent; the pH value is 5.5-7.0, and the water-retaining agent is matched with the water-retaining agent without weakening the respective functions, and the water-retaining agent can be automatically degraded without causing harm to the environment.
5) Construction of flexible slope protection system
The flexible slope protection 6 is formed by discharging or stacking starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203 along the slope surface; the side slope surface is a supporting drainage side slope surface of the soil-gangue mixed slope surface; surrounding the piled starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203 by galvanized alloy net interval, reinforcing the piled starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags 203, and connecting galvanized alloy net nodes with the upper sections of anchor rods of the slope support system; the slope surface is a soil-gangue mixed layer paved along the slope surface, and a layer of non-woven fabric is paved between the soil-gangue mixed layer and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag 203 to form a drainage slope surface.
6) Construction of water delivery and distribution pipeline system
A water pump is arranged on a flexible reservoir of a gangue mountain top platform, a water pump outlet valve is led out of a water pipe, is led to a soil-gangue mixing counter-slope terrace platform, is led downwards along the slope of a catwalk and a fish scale pit system to the lowest primary catwalk, branch pipe pipelines are arranged on each stage of catwalk, a vertical pipe for installing a spray head is arranged on each stage of catwalk, and accessory accessories for various connection and control are arranged on the pipeline system, including an elbow, a tee joint, a gate valve and the like, so that a pipeline system consisting of the branch pipe, the vertical pipe, the valve and the like is formed. The shower nozzle is installed on the standpipe, utilizes the support to support, sprays the pressure water to the sky through the nozzle, under the resistance effect of air, forms the water droplet form, and the spill is at the soil surface of platform and slope, and the shower nozzle selects big range rotatory shower nozzle.
7) Maintenance management
After the slope vegetation recovery engineering is completed, the non-woven fabric is used for completely covering the slope vegetation, and the U-shaped steel nails are used for fixing the joints and the periphery. After rainfall and sprinkling irrigation operation, the slope surface of the hillock, the soil and gangue mixed counter-slope terrace platform and the scale pit system is always kept moist until the hillock, the soil and gangue sprout or spread the leaves, and then the non-woven fabric is removed in time. And after the plants sprout, supplementing the plant sparse areas on the coal gangue hill, and when the pits are dug in advance, the seedlings are watered along with digging, transporting and planting to improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for recovering the vegetation of the coal gangue hill by using the starch-based biodegradable plant bag, which enables the average vegetation coverage rate of a treatment area to reach more than 70% through a comprehensive vegetation recovery technology, thereby realizing near-natural ecological treatment. Taking a mining area of a coal mine in a slope of Xingxiang county of Shanxi province as an example, firstly shaping a soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terraced field slope surface formed after treatment of a coal gangue mountain into a slope table with a gradient of not more than 12 degrees, constructing a composite retaining wall at the bottom to prevent collapse possibly generated in the stacking process of the coal gangue, and on the basis, adopting measures such as staggered arrangement of starch-based biodegradable plant bags on the soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terraced field platform, digging inclined fish scale pits on the soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terraced field slope surface for artificial planting, and adopting a combined method such as covering non-woven fabrics and the like to make later-period maintenance, so that the treatment work effect of the coal gangue mountain is remarkable.
Technical parameter comparison table before and after implementation
By the implementation of the technology in the ground, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed after the ecological system of the coal gangue hill is rebuilt, wherein the volume weight of the soil and the porosity of capillary are increased, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the content of organic matters and total nitrogen is improved, and the content of quick-acting P, quick-acting K and pH value in the soil are reduced.
The vegetation coverage of the slope body is improved from the original lower than 10% to more than 70%, the overall ecological effect and community structure of the slope body are greatly improved, a relatively stable ecological system is formed, and a certain improvement effect is achieved on the improvement of the peripheral microclimate environment. The change conditions of specific parameters before and after treatment are shown in the following table:
table 1 comparison table of soil physical Properties before and after vegetation recovery
Table 2 comparison of wind speed before and after vegetation restoration
Table 3 table of relative humidity of air months before and after vegetation recovery
TABLE 4 influence of different vegetation recovery patterns on soil runoff (unit: m 3 /km 2 )
Table 5 comparison table of physicochemical Properties of soil before and after vegetation recovery
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the embodiment, and also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical features.
Claims (5)
1. A method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using a starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, site condition investigation and grouting fire extinguishment;
s2, shaping mountain bodies;
s3, constructing a planting belt system;
s4, constructing an inclined fish scale pit planting system;
s5, constructing a flexible slope protection system;
s6, constructing a water transmission and distribution pipeline system;
s6, maintenance management;
s1, analyzing the topography, stacking components and hydrologic characteristics of a gangue dump by collecting data and an on-site investigation method, determining engineering geological conditions of a gangue dump field, gangue components, and surveying the compactness, temperature and gas of the gangue dump, preparing a gangue dump temperature partition dividing standard, and drawing a gangue dump temperature distribution map; then, according to a gangue hill temperature distribution diagram, a relative number of holes are arranged in a treatment area in a targeted manner, according to the characteristics of the gangue hill, a corresponding fire extinguishing material is selected to be prepared into alkaline fire extinguishing slurry, and finally, the alkaline fire extinguishing slurry is injected into the interior of the gangue hill by a grouting pump; effectively isolating the gangue body from air, and playing a role in isolating and sealing oxygen;
s2, taking a side slope of a gangue discharge field as a main object for slope treatment, carrying out slope cutting treatment on the side slope, gradually excavating the whole mountain body layer by layer from the periphery of a ring pile body at the top of the gangue, building the slope into a continuous belt shape, inclining the field surface inwards to form a 12-degree counter slope Tian Miankuan 1.5.5-2.5 m, and covering the slope by using a soil-gangue mixture, wherein the covering thickness is 2-3m, and the compactness is more than or equal to 85%, so that a soil-gangue mixed counter slope terrace gangue is formed; setting a catwalk between each layer of soil and gangue mixed counter-slope terraces, dividing the slope surface into steps by the catwalk, wherein the height-width ratio of the slope surface is less than or equal to 1:1.75, and the width of the catwalk is 2-3m, leveling, rolling and tamping after forming the slope surface, the catwalk and the platform, and the tamping coefficient is more than or equal to 0.85; digging a flexible drainage ditch (4) between a catwalk and a planting belt (2), paving a 2m thick earth ramming layer (403) in the flexible drainage ditch (4), paving geotechnical cloth (402) on the earth ramming layer (403), paving geotechnical bags (401) in the flexible drainage ditch (4), wherein the distance between the upper geotechnical bags (401) is 0.8m, the middle position distance is 0.6m, and the bottom position distance is 0.4m; building a flexible reservoir on a platform at the top of the gangue hill, paving geotextiles (402) in the flexible reservoir, and pressing the geotextiles (402) protruding from the edge of the flexible reservoir with geotextiles bags (401); meanwhile, arranging two layers of geotechnical bags (401) on the slope toe of the coal gangue hill, arranging the geotechnical bags (401) with the height of 1m on the slope body to finish the arrangement of the flexible slope toe, and arranging a starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag (203) above the geotechnical bags; the composite retaining wall mainly comprises a waste rock retaining wall and a sand pebble layer, wherein a sand pebble layer is arranged between the waste rock retaining wall (701) and a waste rock heap body (702), an MU30 waste rock retaining wall (701) is built by M7.5 cement mortar, a 120mm thick concrete coping (703) is arranged at the top of the waste rock retaining wall (701), a water discharge hole (705) is formed in the front of the waste rock retaining wall to the rear of the waste rock retaining wall, PVC pipes with the specification of 50-80 mm are adopted, the PVC pipes are arranged at intervals of 2-3M along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the waste rock retaining wall, geotextile (711) is arranged after the water discharge hole, a sand pebble wall (708) with the thickness of 5M is built from the inner side to the outer side of the sand pebble layer, a sand pebble layer (707) with the thickness of 1M is built by a second layer, a dry piece wall (706) is filled with sand rubble, the sand rubble layer and the waste rock heap body is covered with soil (709) at intervals of 1M, and a certain gap is filled with sand gravel is filled between the cement mortar and a certain gap is filled; a dust soil cushion layer (704) with the thickness of 0.3m and the ratio of 3:7 is built at the bottom of the gangue blocking wall, the tamping coefficient is more than or equal to 0.97, the oxygen infiltration can be prevented, water can be smoothly discharged, the water absorption saturation of a gangue Dan Shandui body is prevented, and the damage of precipitation scouring to the slope toe of a gangue pile body is reduced;
s3, arranging a planting belt (2) on a platform of a soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terrace, paving a plain soil ramming layer with the thickness of 0.3-0.5m at the bottom of the planting belt, wherein the plain soil ramming layer is divided into an inner ring layer (202) and an outer ring layer (201), excavating an annular flexible ditch (204) with the width of 0.4-0.6m and the depth of 0.2m between the inner ring layer (202) and the outer ring layer (201), and finding slopes from the middle to the two sides according to the longitudinal drainage gradient of 0.5-1.0 percent; starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags (203) are paved on the inner ring layer (202) and the outer ring layer (201), the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags (203) are paved in a staggered manner, meanwhile, a diversion channel (205) with the width of 0.2-0.3m and the depth of 0.2m is respectively dug between the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags (203), the diversion channel (205) is communicated with an annular flexible ditch (204), geotextiles are paved in the diversion channel, and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags (203) are utilized for presser feet to ensure smooth drainage;
s4, excavating a half-moon type inclined fish scale pit (3) on the soil-gangue mixed counter-slope terrace slope surface (301) along the direction inclined by 30 degrees with a contour line from top to bottom, wherein the diameter of the inclined fish scale pit (3) is 0.4-0.6m, the pit depth is 0.6m, the pitch of each inclined fish scale pit is 1.5-2m, the pitch of the upper pit row and the lower pit row is 1.5-2m, and the pits and pits are in a 'delta' shape so as to be beneficial to soil conservation and water storage; a growth promoting body is arranged in the inclined fish scale pit (3);
s5: the flexible slope protection (6) is formed by discharging or stacking starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags (203) along the slope surface; the side slope surface is a supporting drainage side slope surface of the soil-gangue mixed slope surface; surrounding the piled starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags (203) by galvanized alloy net interval bags, reinforcing the piled starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bags (203), and connecting galvanized alloy net nodes with the upper sections of anchor rods of the slope support system; the slope surface is a soil-gangue mixed layer paved along the slope surface, and a layer of non-woven fabric is paved between the soil-gangue mixed layer and the starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag (203) to form the drainage slope surface.
2. The method for recovering vegetation in a coal gangue hill by using a starch-based biodegradable plant bag according to claim 1, wherein: the growth promoting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1100 parts of gangue ecological aggregate, 800 parts of loess, 600 parts of turfy soil, 400 parts of sodium bentonite, 50 parts of brassin, 1600 parts of wood fiber, 35 parts of fulvic acid and 40 parts of vegetable gum, mixing the above materials, uniformly stirring, compressing and bonding to prepare a mixed matrix, and planting one or more of low shrubs on the mixed matrix; and covering the seedlings with a degradable mulching film after the seedlings are planted.
3. The method for recovering vegetation in a coal gangue hill by using a starch-based biodegradable plant growth bag according to claim 2, wherein: the gangue ecological aggregate is obtained by crushing gangue through a stainless steel crusher and sieving the crushed gangue by 1 mm; loess is obtained from farmland plough layer 0-20cm, air-dried, ground, and sieved with 1mm sieve; the turfy soil is soft and easy to break, the specific gravity is 0.7-1.05, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5.
4. The method for recovering vegetation in a coal gangue hill by using a starch-based biodegradable plant bag according to claim 1, wherein: the starch-based biodegradable plant growth bag (203) can be used for planting one or more of Kochia scoparia, wild oat, alfalfa, xanthium sibiricum, artemisia annua, sticktight, green bristlegrass, leymus chinensis, flos Celosiae Cristatae, mallow, dandelion and Viola yessoensis seeds or one or more of torch tree, azalea, lespedeza, caragana, fructus forsythiae, wild peach and amorpha fruticosa shrub seeds.
5. The method for recovering vegetation in a coal gangue hill by using a starch-based biodegradable plant bag according to claim 1, wherein: s6: a water pump is arranged on a flexible reservoir of a gangue hill top platform, a water pump outlet valve is led out of a water pipe, is led to a soil-gangue mixing counter-slope terrace platform, is led downwards along the slope of a catwalk and a fish scale pit system to the lowest primary catwalk, branch pipe pipelines are arranged on each stage of catwalk, a vertical pipe for installing a spray head is arranged on each stage of catwalk, and various connected and controlled accessory parts including an elbow, a tee joint, a joint and a gate valve are arranged on a pipeline system to form a pipeline system consisting of the branch pipe, the vertical pipe and the valve; the shower nozzle is installed on the standpipe, utilizes the support to support, sprays the pressure water to the sky through the nozzle, under the resistance effect of air, forms the water droplet form, and the spill is at the soil surface of platform and slope, and the shower nozzle selects big range rotatory shower nozzle.
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