CN115288169A - Ecological restoration method for high-ignition-point waste rock hills - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for high-ignition-point waste rock hills Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
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- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
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- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for a high-ignition-point gangue dump, which comprises the following steps: and (3) overall temperature measurement: arranging a plurality of temperature measuring holes on the gangue dump, and measuring the temperature in the temperature measuring holes in a stepped manner to generate a temperature measuring result; grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire: according to the temperature measurement result, arranging a plurality of deep and shallow holes on the gangue dump, and grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire; a mountain body shaping step: according to the preset mountain demand, performing multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body shaping on the waste rock mountain to form a multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body; according to the drainage requirement, a drainage system is arranged on the multistage slope isolation reverse terrace mountain body; ecological restoration: and covering the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, forming a planting layer on the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, and performing deep and shallow root system plant complementary planting on the planting layer. This scheme can be to high temperature waste rock mountain comprehensive treatment, improves treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for a high-ignition-point hillock.
Background
The waste rock is carbon-containing solid waste generated in the coal mining process, and about 3 hundred million tons of waste rock are discharged every year in China to form a large amount of waste rock hills. According to incomplete statistics, more than 1500 waste rocks are present in China, the accumulated waste rock accumulation amount reaches 30 hundred million tons, and the occupied area is 50km 2 。
The gangue dump formed by stacking the gangue not only occupies a large amount of land resources and affects landscape, but also is extremely easy to nature due to high-burning-point gangue dumps, and has high risk of reburning the gangue dump after fire extinguishment, thereby having huge potential safety hazard. In addition, the gangue dump is soft, natural disasters such as landslide and debris flow are easy to occur, water and soil loss is caused, and the rainfall eluviation gangue dump can cause acidification pollution of soil and water, so that huge ecological environment hidden dangers exist.
In the face of various problems caused by the waste rock, an effective repairing method for improving the ecological environment of the waste rock is urgently needed. However, at present, ecological restoration research on the waste rock is mainly carried out from the aspects of acidity, heavy metal pollution and the like, and the ecological restoration treatment of part of waste rock with high combustion point is neglected. In addition, the existing method for ecologically restoring the waste rock hills only restores the waste rock hills by a single fire extinguishing technology or a single vegetation planting mode, does not comprehensively treat the waste rock hills from the overall consideration of the multi-aspect technology, has poor treatment effect, particularly does not comprehensively know the conditions of the waste rock hills on the ground, does not integrally and effectively combine the improvement of the conditions of the waste rock hills on the ground with the reconstruction of an ecological system, and has poor treatment effect on the waste rock hills with high ignition point and low sustainability of the ecological system even if vegetation planting treatment is carried out; and the single vegetation planting mode does not fully consider species suitability, has poor ecological restoration effect, low economic benefit and poor practicability, and further leads to the reduction of treatment effect.
Therefore, an ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point is urgently needed at present, and can carry out comprehensive treatment and improve the treatment effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for ecologically restoring a high-ignition-point gangue dump, which can be used for carrying out comprehensive treatment and improving the treatment effect.
The present invention provides the following basic scheme: a method for ecologically restoring a high-ignition-point gangue dump comprises the following steps:
and (3) overall temperature measurement: arranging a plurality of temperature measuring holes on the gangue dump, and measuring the temperature in the temperature measuring holes in a stepped manner to generate a temperature measuring result;
and (3) grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire: according to the temperature measurement result, arranging a plurality of deep and shallow holes on the gangue dump, and grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire;
a mountain body shaping step: according to the preset mountain demand, performing multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body shaping on the gangue mountain to form a multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body; according to the drainage requirement, a drainage system is arranged on the multistage slope isolation reverse terrace mountain body;
ecological restoration: and covering the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, forming a planting layer on the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, and performing deep and shallow root system plant complementary planting on the planting layer.
The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out comprehensive temperature measurement on the gangue dump, mainly setting a plurality of temperature measurement holes on the gangue dump, and measuring the temperature in the temperature measurement holes in a stepped manner to generate a temperature measurement result, wherein the temperature measurement holes have a certain depth, so that the temperature in the temperature measurement holes is measured in the stepped manner to obtain the temperatures in the same temperature measurement hole at different depths, and the temperature measurement holes are distributed over the gangue dump, so that the obtained temperature measurement result can comprehensively and accurately reflect the temperature state of the gangue dump, thereby identifying the fire of the gangue dump and realizing the fire survey of the gangue dump;
and after generating the temperature measurement result, carry out dark shallow hole slip casting and put out a fire, specifically, according to the temperature measurement result, promptly according to the condition of a fire of hillock, set up a plurality of dark shallow holes on the hillock, for example: the temperature below the waist of the waste rock is very low, no fire is obvious, the temperature above the waist of the waste rock is very high, and the fire is obvious, so that according to the fire situation, deep and shallow holes are rarely or not arranged below the waist of the waste rock, and the deep and shallow holes are subjected to grouting fire extinguishing;
after fire extinguishment is completed, the waste rock hills with high ignition points are stabilized, mountain body shaping can be performed, multi-stage slope separation reverse platform hill body shaping is performed on the waste rock hills according to preset mountain body requirements, a multi-stage slope separation reverse platform hill body is formed, the gradient and the slope length of an original waste rock pile body are reduced, the load of a slope soil body and the risk of landslide are reduced, and meanwhile, good conditions are created for vegetation recovery; according to the drainage requirement, a drainage system is arranged on the multi-stage slope-separating inverted-platform mountain body, so that water and soil loss is reduced, water storage and soil moisture preservation are realized, vegetation recovery is facilitated, and the overall stability of the gangue mountain is realized;
and finally, performing ecological restoration on the waste rock hills: cover the anti-platform mountain body of multistage separated slope, form the planting layer on the anti-platform mountain body of multistage separated slope to carry out the complementary planting of depth root system plant in planting the layer, utilize the root system of depth root system plant to form ecological niche complementary relation on the space, avoid strong competition, improve the utilization ratio of soil moisture and nutrient resource, promote the plant survival rate.
To sum up, this scheme carries out many-sided comprehensive ecological remediation through comprehensive temperature measurement, inside slip casting fire-retardant, outside massif plastic and ecological remediation, can realize putting out a fire thoroughly rapidly, prevent the after combustion, and the massif plastic is stable, ecological system virtuous succession's whole treatment effect, very big improvement treatment effect.
Further, a plurality of temperature measuring holes are formed in the waste rock hill, wherein the temperature measuring holes are perpendicular to the slope surface of the waste rock hill, a first preset distance range is formed between every two adjacent temperature measuring holes, and the temperature measuring holes are distributed according to a first preset distribution shape.
The temperature in the temperature measurement hole is measured to the ladder, includes:
and according to the depth of the temperature measuring holes, arranging a plurality of temperature measuring points from the hole openings of the temperature measuring holes to the hole bottoms, measuring the temperature of the temperature measuring points, and obtaining the temperature of each temperature measuring point.
Has the advantages that: the distribution of the temperature measuring holes and the arrangement of multiple temperature measuring points of the temperature measuring holes increase the temperature measuring range and improve the accuracy of the temperature measuring result.
Further, the step of fire extinguishing by grouting in the deep and shallow holes comprises the following steps:
according to the temperature measurement result, divide the hillock into the unit area of putting out a fire of different grade type, include: a high temperature zone, a medium temperature zone, and a low temperature zone;
obtaining the spontaneous combustion oxidation degree and area of the gangue dump;
according to the spontaneous combustion oxidation degree and area of the gangue dump, the depth and the number of deep and shallow holes are obtained, and distributed punching is carried out according to a second preset distribution shape;
and grouting with different grouting amounts is performed on the deep and shallow holes of different fire extinguishing unit areas by adopting grouting liquids with different proportions.
Has the beneficial effects that: the gangue dump is divided into fire extinguishing unit areas according to temperature measurement results, different depth holes are arranged and grouted in different fire extinguishing unit areas, fire is extinguished in a targeted mode, fire extinguishing efficiency is improved, and engineering cost is reduced.
Further, the deep and shallow holes include: deep and shallow holes;
the hole depth of the deep hole belongs to a first preset depth range;
the hole depth of the shallow hole belongs to a second preset depth range;
the second preset distribution shape is a quincunx shape which is: the deep holes and the shallow holes are arrayed in a crossed mode, the shallow holes are formed in diagonal lines of the deep holes, the deep holes are formed in diagonal lines of the shallow holes, and the distance between every two adjacent deep holes and the distance between every two adjacent shallow holes both belong to a second preset distance range.
Has the advantages that: the quincunx distribution can both evenly distribute deep hole and shallow hole to the hillock, carries out even comprehensive temperature measurement to the hillock, and the setting of deep hole and shallow hole can satisfy the demand of putting out a fire, has reduced engineering cost on a certain stratification level again, and then the cost is reduced.
Further, the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the high-temperature area is higher than a first preset temperature value;
the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the middle temperature zone is less than or equal to a first preset temperature value and greater than or equal to a second preset temperature value;
the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the low-temperature area is less than a second preset temperature value;
the grouting liquid comprises: additive, cement, fly ash and water;
the ratio of the grouting liquid in the high temperature region is additive: cement: fly ash: water =1:1:30:90, respectively;
the mixture ratio of the grouting liquid in the medium temperature region is additive: cement: fly ash: water =1:1.25:26.7:75;
the low temperature region grouting liquid is prepared from the following additives: cement: fly ash: water =1:1.67:27.5:75.
has the advantages that: the gangue dump is divided into a high-temperature area, a medium-temperature area and a low-temperature area, the ingredients of grouting liquid adopted by grouting in different areas are the same, the proportion is different, and the fly ash is adopted as main grouting liquid, so that the gangue dump has the following advantages: 1) The fly ash is used as main solid waste discharged by a coal-fired power plant, is convenient to obtain materials, low in price and good in uniformity, and reduces the grouting cost; 2) The fly ash contains CaO and SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 Oxides of the same kind in reducing the burning of the hillockWhile acid gas is discharged, the acid gas reacts to generate harmless salt deposits, gel and the like, and O can be effectively isolated 2 The function of oxygen isolation, oxidation resistance and fire extinguishment is achieved; 3) The acid environment in the gangue dump is changed into the alkaline environment in the reaction process, so that the production of acid bacteria is inhibited, the oxidation rate is reduced, and the efficient fire-extinguishing and cooling effects are achieved. Different proportioning proportions, grouting additive: cement: fly ash: water fuses according to a certain proportion, the slip casting liquid that forms has good mobility and water-retaining property, guarantee the influence scope that the slip casting liquid can permeate deep hole and shallow hole, form good inclusion, avoid a large amount of losses of slip casting liquid, cause the material extravagant, and deep hole and shallow downthehole columnar body that forms, ensure that the slip casting liquid fully wraps up the waste rock body, simultaneously in order to avoid the moisture in the slip casting liquid rapid evaporation behind meetting high temperature waste rock, make the thick liquid lose mobility, cause the scope of flowing through of thick liquid to greatly discount, can keep the waste rock moist and isolated oxygen lastingly during the fire prevention, can absorb heat for a long time and cool down when putting out a fire, prevent fire district after-fire.
Further, predetermine mountain body demand, include: presetting a mountain stage number, a reverse platform width, a slope length and a slope gradient;
according to predetermineeing the massif demand, carry out the reverse stage massif plastic of multistage slope separation to the hillock, form the reverse stage massif of multistage slope separation, include: grading the hilltops to the hillbottoms of the waste rock hills according to a preset mountain body grade number, and arranging reverse platforms between each grade according to a preset reverse platform width; and setting the slope length and the slope of each stage according to the preset slope length and the preset slope to form a multistage slope isolation reverse-step mountain body.
Has the advantages that: the slope and the length of the original gangue pile are reduced, the load of the slope soil body and the risk of landslide are reduced, and good conditions are created for vegetation recovery.
Further, according to the drainage demand, set up drainage system on multistage anti-platform massif that separates the slope, include:
a drainage ditch is arranged at the inner side of the reverse platform;
arranging a water collecting ditch on the slope;
arranging a catch basin at the slope toe of the bottommost slope surface of the multi-stage slope isolation reverse terrace;
and a reservoir is arranged at the mountain top of the multistage slope-separating reverse-platform mountain body.
Has the beneficial effects that: the drainage ditch and the water collection ditch can effectively drain runoff, reduce scouring and contain water sources; the drainage ditch can improve the influence of the runoff of the slope and the water amount seeped out of the slope; the rainwater collecting tank effectively intercepts rainwater and surface runoff caused by precipitation.
Further, the ecological restoration step includes:
covering the slope surface with a soil and gangue mixture to form a planting layer with a preset thickness range and a preset compaction degree;
and sowing the shallow-rooted plants and the deep-rooted plants in the planting layer in sequence.
Has the advantages that: the slope surface is covered by adopting the soil and gangue mixture, a planting layer with a preset thickness range and a preset compactness is formed, the planting environment is stopped for the plants, the shallow-root plants and the deep-root plants are sequentially sown on the planting layer, the root systems of the plants are complemented in space ecological niche, strong competition is avoided, and the utilization rate of soil moisture and nutrient resources can be improved.
Further, the earth and gangue mixture comprises: gangue and loess, and the proportion is 1.
Has the advantages that: an earth-rock mixture comprising: waste rock and loess, and the proportion is 1.
Further, the shallow root plant, comprising: one or more of acacia, lespedeza bicolor and setaria viridis;
the deep-rooted plant comprising: one or more of Chinese pine, amorpha fruticosa and festuca arundinacea;
and the planted shallow and deep rooted plants include trees, shrubs and grasses.
Has the beneficial effects that: the selection of the plants is based on the principles of ecological adaptability, pioneering property, diversity and the like, the local varieties are taken as the main, foreign species domesticated for many years are properly selected, the plants are all species with drought resistance, cold resistance, barren resistance, developed root systems and strong stress resistance, and the survival rate is high on the high-burning-point gangue dump with harsh habitat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of the ecological restoration method for a high-ignition-point hillock of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic distribution diagram of temperature measuring holes in a first embodiment of the ecological restoration method for a high-ignition-point gangue dump of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second preset distribution shape in a first embodiment of the ecological restoration method for a hillock with high ignition point of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a quincunx deep and shallow hole arrangement in a first embodiment of a method for ecologically restoring a high ignition point waste rock hill of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a multi-stage sloping separation reverse-platform mountain in an embodiment of the ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a drainage system in an embodiment of the ecological restoration method for a hillock with a high ignition point of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drainage system in a second embodiment of the ecological restoration method for a hillock with high ignition point of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: drainage ditch 1, catch water drain 2, catch water ditch 3, flexible bank protection 4, arc irrigation canals and ditches 5, geotechnical bag 6.
Example one
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: the ecological restoration method for the hillock with the high ignition point comprises the following steps:
and (3) overall temperature measurement: arranging a plurality of temperature measuring holes on the gangue dump, and measuring the temperature in the temperature measuring holes in a stepped manner to generate a temperature measuring result;
specifically, set up a plurality of temperature measurement holes on the hillock, wherein the domatic setting of temperature measurement hole perpendicular to hillock, the first preset distance scope in interval between the adjacent temperature measurement hole, and the temperature measurement hole distributes according to first preset distribution shape, and the temperature measurement hole degree of depth is according to the hillock depth adjustment that catches fire, and wherein first preset distance scope is: 4-8m; in the embodiment, the depth of the temperature measuring holes is 6m, the interval between adjacent temperature measuring holes is 1.5m, and the first preset distribution shape is an equilateral triangle, as shown in fig. 2, so that the temperature measuring holes are uniformly distributed on the gangue dump, the comprehensiveness of temperature measurement is guaranteed, and the accuracy of a temperature measurement result is further guaranteed;
according to the depth of the temperature measuring hole, a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged from the orifice of the temperature measuring hole to the hole bottom, the temperature of each temperature measuring point is measured, and the temperature of each temperature measuring point is obtained, in this embodiment, a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged from the orifice of the temperature measuring hole to the hole bottom, and the temperature measuring points are respectively: 1m, 2m, 4m and 6m.
Grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire: according to the temperature measurement result, arranging a plurality of deep and shallow holes on the gangue dump, and grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire;
specifically, according to the temperature measurement result, divide the hillock into different types's unit area of putting out a fire, include: a high temperature zone, a medium temperature zone, and a low temperature zone; the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the high-temperature area is higher than a first preset temperature value; the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the medium temperature zone is less than or equal to a first preset temperature value and greater than or equal to a second preset temperature value; the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the low-temperature zone is lower than a second preset temperature value; in the embodiment, the first preset temperature value is 500 ℃, the second preset temperature value is 300 ℃, and the temperature measurement result is the highest temperature measured in the temperature measurement hole;
obtaining the spontaneous combustion oxidation degree and area of the gangue dump;
according to the spontaneous combustion oxidation degree and area of the gangue dump, the depth and the number of deep and shallow holes are obtained, and distributed punching is carried out according to a second preset distribution shape;
wherein the depth hole includes: deep and shallow holes; the hole depth of the deep hole belongs to a first preset depth range and is 7-11m; the hole depth of the shallow hole belongs to a second preset depth range and is 3-5m; in the embodiment, a gangue dump with a high ignition point is taken as an example, the ignition point in the gangue dump is located at a position 7-9 m below a slope surface, the depth of a deep hole is 8m, the depth of a shallow hole is 4m, the diameter of the shallow hole is 73mm, and the hole distance is 6m; the first preset depth range and the second preset depth range are set according to actual conditions;
the second preset distribution shape includes, but is not limited to, a diamond shape, a square shape and a quincunx shape, as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a quincunx shape is adopted, as shown in fig. 4, a hollow circle represents a shallow hole, a solid circle represents a deep hole, the deep holes and the shallow holes are in a cross array, the shallow hole is arranged on a diagonal line of the deep hole, the deep hole is arranged on a diagonal line of the shallow hole, and the distance between adjacent deep holes and the distance between adjacent shallow holes both belong to a second preset distance range, in the present embodiment, the distance is 6m;
the slip casting adopts slip casting liquid, including: additive, cement, fly ash and water; the mixture ratio of the grouting liquid in the high temperature region is additive: cement: fly ash: water =1:1:30:90; the mixture ratio of the grouting liquid of the medium temperature region is additive: cement: fly ash: water =1:1.25:26.7:75; the low temperature region grouting liquid is prepared from the following additives: cement: fly ash: water =1:1.67:27.5:75; the waste rock hills are divided into a high-temperature area, a medium-temperature area and a low-temperature area, the grouting liquid adopted for grouting in different areas is the same in ingredient and different in proportion, and the fly ash is adopted as the main grouting liquid, so that the method has the following advantages: 1) The fly ash is used as main solid waste discharged by a coal-fired power plant, is convenient to obtain materials, low in price and good in uniformity, and reduces the grouting cost; 2) The fly ash contains oxides such as CaO, siO2, al2O3 and the like, and the oxides react to generate harmless salt sediments, gel and the like while reducing the emission of acid gas generated by combustion of the waste rock, so that O2 can be effectively isolated, and the effects of oxygen isolation, chemical inhibition and fire extinguishing are achieved; 3) The acid environment in the gangue dump is changed into the alkaline environment in the reaction process, so that the production of acid bacteria is inhibited, the oxidation rate is reduced, and the efficient fire-extinguishing and cooling effects are achieved. Different proportion, grouting additive: cement: fly ash: water fuses according to a certain proportion, the slip casting liquid that forms has good mobility and water-retaining property, guarantee the influence scope that the slip casting liquid can permeate deep hole and shallow hole, form good inclusion, avoid a large amount of losses of slip casting liquid, cause the material extravagant, and deep hole and shallow downthehole columnar body that forms, ensure that the slip casting liquid fully wraps up the waste rock body, simultaneously in order to avoid the moisture in the slip casting liquid rapid evaporation behind meetting high temperature waste rock, make the thick liquid lose mobility, cause the scope of flowing through of thick liquid to greatly discount, can keep the waste rock moist and isolated oxygen lastingly during the fire prevention, can absorb heat for a long time and cool down when putting out a fire, prevent fire district after-fire.
A mountain body shaping step: according to the preset mountain demand, performing multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body shaping on the gangue mountain to form a multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body; according to the drainage requirement, a drainage system is arranged on the multistage sloping isolation reverse terrace mountain body; presetting mountain requirements and drainage requirements, and determining the mountain requirements and the drainage requirements according to the specific conditions of the gangue dump needing to be repaired currently in actual engineering;
specifically, preset mountain needs, including: presetting a mountain level number, a reverse platform width, a slope length and a slope; wherein the preset slope length is the slope length of the separation slope;
according to predetermineeing the massif demand, carry out the reverse stage massif plastic of multistage slope separation to the hillock, form the reverse stage massif of multistage slope separation, include: grading the hilltops to the hillbottoms of the waste rock hills according to a preset mountain body grade number, and arranging reverse platforms between each grade according to a preset reverse platform width; the length and the gradient of each stage are set according to the preset length and the preset gradient to form a multi-stage slope-separating reverse-step mountain, as shown in fig. 5, the length and the gradient of the multi-stage slope-separating reverse-step mountain formed in the present embodiment are 10m and 25 degrees, respectively.
According to the drainage demand, set up drainage system on multistage anti-platform massif that separates the slope, include:
as shown in fig. 6, in order to effectively drain and guide runoff and reduce scouring and contain water sources, a drainage ditch 1 is arranged at the inner side of the reverse platform;
a water collecting ditch 2 is arranged on the slope;
considering the influence of the runoff of the slope and the water amount seeped in the slope, a catch basin 3 is arranged at the slope toe of the bottommost slope of the multi-stage slope-separating reverse-platform mountain body;
the water storage tank is arranged at the mountain top of the multi-stage slope-separating reverse-platform mountain body, so that rainwater and surface runoff caused by precipitation are effectively intercepted. Through setting up drainage system, can reduce soil erosion and water loss, retaining soil moisture conservation more does benefit to subsequent vegetation and resumes, has realized the hillock overall stability. In addition, the water storage tank is also provided with a pipeline, the size of the water storage tank is determined according to the rainfall and the water demand of the irrigated plants, and the water stored in the water storage tank is used for irrigating the plants. The conditioned area can be provided with an automatic sprinkler irrigation system so as to save water resources and human and material resources.
Ecological restoration: and covering the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, forming a planting layer on the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, and performing deep and shallow root system plant complementary planting on the planting layer.
Specifically, covering the slope surface with a soil and gangue mixture to form a planting layer with a preset thickness range and a preset compaction degree; wherein the earth and gangue mixture comprises: the weight percentage of the gangue to the loess is 1, the preset thickness range is 2-3m, and the preset compaction degree range is 85% -100%; the thickness of the planting layer in the embodiment is 3m, wherein the thickness of the soil layer suitable for the growth of plants reaches more than 0.5m, and the compactness is 85%, so that the growth of the plants is facilitated.
Seeding shallow root plant and deep root plant in proper order in planting the layer, wherein shallow root plant includes: one or more of locust, lespedeza bicolor and setaria viridis; a deep-rooted plant comprising: one or more of Chinese pine, amorpha fruticosa and festuca arundinacea; and the planted shallow and deep rooted plants include trees, shrubs and grasses.
The plants include Robinia pseudoacacia and Chinese pine belonging to arbor, lespedeza bicolor and amorpha fruticosa belonging to shrub, and Setaria viridis and Festuca arundinacea belonging to vegetation; the robinia pseudoacacia is deciduous tree, is not prone to waterlogging, has strong germination force and tillering force, can be naturally sown and propagated, can normally grow on neutral soil, acid soil and saline-alkali soil, can resist the high temperature critical temperature of about 41.5 ℃, is a shallow root plant, and has developed root system; the Chinese pine is evergreen arbor, is fond of light and dry and cold climate, can grow well on acid, neutral or calcium loess, and has high temperature resistance and critical temperature of about 38 ℃ and deep root; the lespedeza bicolor is deciduous shrub, is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, acid-resistant, saline-alkali-resistant, cutting-resistant, has strong adaptability to soil, resists high temperature and has a critical temperature of about 40 ℃, shallow roots and developed root systems; the amorpha fruticosa is deciduous shrub, is drought-resistant, alkali-resistant, barren-resistant, strong in adaptability, resistant to high temperature and critical temperature of about 39.5 ℃, and is a deep-rooted plant; the setaria viridis is annual herb, has strong adaptability, can resist drought and barren, can grow in acid or alkaline soil, resists high temperature and has the critical temperature of about 41 ℃, developed fibrous roots and shallow-rooted plants; the festuca arundinacea is perennial herb, is light-loving, acid-resistant, barren-resistant, strong in disease resistance and stress resistance, and has high temperature resistance and critical temperature of about 40 ℃ and deep-rooted plants.
Therefore, in the embodiment, when deep-rooted plants and shallow-rooted plants are selected, root system ecological complementation is performed by using the characteristics of the vegetation plants and the arbor irrigation plants, and planting is matched, so that a mechanism of ecological niche differentiation (complementation) causing coexistence among species is realized, strong competition is avoided, the utilization rate of soil moisture and nutrient resources can be improved, and on a high-burning-point gangue dump with a harsh habitat, species are selected, wherein the species need drought resistance, cold resistance, barren resistance, developed root systems and strong stress resistance, and meanwhile, the ecological niche complementation among the plants is also selected.
In the embodiment, in order to promote the natural succession of the hillock ecosystem and accelerate the succession of the herbaceous plants to the shrub and forest ecosystem, the mode of planting shrubs and trees and mixed planting of herbaceous plants is adopted; in addition, in the later management and maintenance stage, the succession of the ecological system is accelerated in a mode of herbaceous mowing and arbor and shrub replanting. In the planting mode, different modes are selected according to local conditions, and because the conditions of slope separation and land standing are relatively difficult, shrubs are mainly planted and herbages are planted in a mixed mode; planting arbor on reverse platform with relatively good habitat condition, and mixed seeding; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the arbor is mainly planted on the reverse platform and planted in a pit, the planting distance between the locust and the Chinese pine is 2m multiplied by 2m according to a delta-shaped or natural configuration mode, and the proportion is 1:1, planting nursery stocks with soil balls. Shrubs are mainly planted on the slope surface of the separated slope by adopting scale pits, the planting distance between the lespedeza bicolor and the amorpha fruticosa is 0.6m multiplied by 1m according to a delta-shaped or natural configuration mode, and the proportion is 1:1, planting nursery stocks with soil balls. Herbaceous plant mainly sows between arbor, bush, adopts special spray-seeding machine to spray-seeding material to the nutritive layer surface, and the vegetable layer comprises natural fibre, fertilizer, plant seed etc. and spray-seeding thickness 5 ~ 15m, and the ratio of setaria viridis and tall fescue is 1:1, the planting density is 18g/m < 2 >.
This scheme is put out a fire through comprehensive temperature measurement, inside slip casting and is put out a fire-retardant, outside massif plastic and ecological remediation carry out many-sided comprehensive ecological remediation, can realize putting out a fire thoroughly rapidly, prevent the after combustion, the whole treatment effect of mountain plastic stability, ecosystem benign succession, very big improvement treatment effect.
Example two
This embodiment is substantially the same as the above embodiment except that: the drainage ditch 1 and the intercepting ditch 3 are arranged as a flexible drainage ditch 1 and a flexible intercepting ditch 3; flexible escape canal 1 and flexible catch water drain 3 all include with domatic flexible bank protection 4 and the arc irrigation canals and ditches 5 of being connected, and all be provided with geotechnological bag 6 in flexible bank protection 4 and the arc irrigation canals and ditches 5, as shown in fig. 7, and set up the rapid trough in hillock demand position, with this drainage system inefficacy problem that prevents to bring by the instability of hillock, the cistern also sets up to the cistern, in order to reduce soil erosion and water loss, retaining soil moisture conservation does benefit to the vegetation and resumes, hillock overall stability has been realized. The flexible revetment 4 can help plants to better survive in the ecological system reconstruction stage; the flexible drainage ditch 1 can effectively discharge and guide runoff, reduce and erode, contain and hold the water source. The flexible structure has the advantages of lasting stability, energy conservation, environmental protection, cost saving, simple and convenient construction and environment beautification, and the instability of the waste rock hills is comprehensively considered.
The foregoing are embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth in the specification, which are set forth in the claims below, but rather are to be construed as the full breadth and scope of the claims, as defined by the appended claims, as defined in the appended claims, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be defined by the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
and (3) overall temperature measurement: arranging a plurality of temperature measuring holes on the waste rock hill, and measuring the temperature in the temperature measuring holes in a stepped manner to generate a temperature measuring result;
and (3) grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire: according to the temperature measurement result, arranging a plurality of deep and shallow holes on the gangue dump, and grouting the deep and shallow holes to extinguish fire;
a mountain body shaping step: according to the preset mountain demand, performing multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body shaping on the gangue mountain to form a multi-stage slope separation reverse-stage mountain body; according to the drainage requirement, a drainage system is arranged on the multistage slope isolation reverse terrace mountain body;
ecological restoration: and covering the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, forming a planting layer on the multistage slope-separating reverse-stage mountain body, and performing deep and shallow root system plant complementary planting on the planting layer.
2. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the waste rock mountain is provided with a plurality of temperature measuring holes, wherein the temperature measuring holes are perpendicular to the slope surface of the waste rock mountain, a first preset distance range is arranged between every two adjacent temperature measuring holes, and the temperature measuring holes are distributed according to a first preset distribution shape.
The temperature in the temperature measurement hole is measured to the ladder, includes:
and according to the depth of the temperature measuring holes, a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged from the orifices of the temperature measuring holes to the hole bottoms, and the temperature of each temperature measuring point is obtained by measuring the temperature of the temperature measuring points.
3. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the deep and shallow hole grouting fire extinguishing step comprises the following steps:
according to the temperature measurement result, divide the hillock into the unit area of putting out a fire of different grade type, include: a high temperature zone, a medium temperature zone, and a low temperature zone;
obtaining the spontaneous combustion oxidation degree and area of the gangue dump;
according to the spontaneous combustion oxidation degree and area of the gangue dump, the depth and the number of deep and shallow holes are obtained, and distributed punching is carried out according to a second preset distribution shape;
and grouting with different grouting amounts is performed by adopting grouting liquids with different proportions for different depth holes of different fire extinguishing unit areas.
4. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the deep and shallow hole comprises: deep and shallow holes;
the hole depth of the deep hole belongs to a first preset depth range;
the hole depth of the shallow hole belongs to a second preset depth range;
the second preset distribution shape is a quincunx shape which is: the deep holes and the shallow holes are arrayed in a crossed mode, the shallow holes are formed in the diagonal lines of the deep holes, the deep holes are formed in the diagonal lines of the shallow holes, and the distance between every two adjacent deep holes and the distance between every two adjacent shallow holes both belong to a second preset distance range.
5. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the high-temperature area is higher than a first preset temperature value;
the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the middle temperature zone is less than or equal to a first preset temperature value and greater than or equal to a second preset temperature value;
the temperature in the temperature measuring hole of the low-temperature area is less than a second preset temperature value;
the grouting liquid comprises: additive, cement, fly ash and water;
the ratio of the grouting liquid in the high temperature region is additive: cement: fly ash: water =1:1:30:90, respectively;
the mixture ratio of the grouting liquid in the medium temperature region is additive: cement: fly ash: water =1:1.25:26.7:75;
the low temperature region grouting liquid is prepared from the following additives: cement: fly ash: water =1:1.67:27.5:75.
6. the ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: predetermine massif demand, include: presetting a mountain level number, a reverse platform width, a slope length and a slope;
according to predetermineeing the massif demand, carry out the reverse stage massif plastic of multistage slope separation to the hillock, form the reverse stage massif of multistage slope separation, include: grading the hilltops to the hillbottoms of the waste rock hills according to a preset mountain body grade number, and arranging reverse platforms between each grade according to a preset reverse platform width; and setting the slope length and the slope of each stage according to the preset slope length and the preset slope to form a multistage slope isolation reverse-step mountain body.
7. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that: according to the drainage demand, set up drainage system on multistage anti platform massif that separates the slope, include:
a drainage ditch is arranged at the inner side of the reverse platform;
arranging a water collecting ditch on the slope;
arranging a catch basin at the slope toe of the bottommost slope surface of the multi-stage slope isolation reverse terrace;
the water storage tank is arranged at the mountain top of the multistage sloping reverse table mountain body.
8. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ecological restoration step comprises the following steps:
covering the slope surface with a soil and gangue mixture to form a planting layer with a preset thickness range and a preset compaction degree;
and sowing the shallow-rooted plants and the deep-rooted plants in the planting layer in sequence.
9. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with the high ignition point as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the earth and gangue mixture comprises: gangue and loess, and the proportion is 1.
10. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump with high ignition point as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that: the shallow-rooted plant comprising: one or more of locust, lespedeza bicolor and setaria viridis;
the deep-rooted plant comprising: one or more of Chinese pine, amorpha fruticosa and festuca arundinacea;
and planted shallow and deep rooted plants include trees, shrubs and vegetation.
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| CN116548254A (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-08-08 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for gangue pile in arid region |
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