CN107964964A - Technology and its construction method is made in high gradient slope surface of a wound preventing rain wash fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

High and steep slope wounds are made of rain-proof fiber, including rock slope wounds, and the surface of rock slope wounds, that is, a high-order aggregate matrix layer is set on the rock slope-shaped surface, and the outer surface of the high-order aggregate matrix layer is covered with a seed layer , the high-order aggregate matrix layer contains wire mesh fixed on the slope-shaped rock surface, and the wire mesh pulls the high-order aggregate matrix to form a fixed degradable fiber on the wire mesh. The degradable fiber passes through the matrix layer and the seed layer and exposes the seeds layer surface. The rain-proof anti-scouring fiber manufacturing technology and construction method for high and steep slope wounds designed by the present invention solve the technical problem that the matrix cannot fully absorb water by setting fast-degradable fibers in the matrix layer, greatly improving the survival rate of vegetation, and at the same time can Effectively prevent rainwater from scouring the fiber layer and ensure that the fiber layer is fixed on the slope wound surface.

Description

Fabrication technology and construction method of rain-proof fiber for high and steep slope wounds

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of landscaping, and in particular relates to a technique for making anti-rainwater scour fiber for high and steep slope wounds and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

Vegetation needs to be planted in steep slope environments such as expressway roadbeds and dams to prevent soil erosion. Because the soil layer on the steep slope is easily washed away by rainwater, it is difficult for green vegetation to survive. The more the vegetation cannot survive, the more serious the soil erosion will be. As a result, landscaping workers have thought of many methods, such as spraying mud to make soil, then covering with fixed nets, and then sowing grass seeds, etc., but due to poor adhesion of the soil layer, steep slope, and irregular construction methods, the vegetation root system is not yet developed. Before going deep into the steep slope, it is still easy to cause the soil layer to slide or a large amount of soil loss, and the planted vegetation cannot survive. Although the application of high-grade aggregate materials improves the aggregate of the soil and basically solves the loss of the soil matrix, but , rocky slope surface, due to the existence of the slope shape, the water flow speed is fast, especially in the case of high and steep slopes. When it rains or waters, the matrix containing high-order aggregate materials will lose without fully absorbing the surface water, making it as a soil. Insufficient moisture in the substrate causes drought.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the technical problem that the matrix of existing high-order aggregate materials cannot fully absorb water, the technology and construction method of the high-steep slope wound surface anti-rainwater erosion fiber manufacturing technology and construction method designed by the present invention solve the problem of matrix degradation by setting fast-degradable fibers in the matrix layer. The technical problem of not being able to fully absorb water has greatly improved the survival rate of vegetation, and at the same time can effectively prevent rainwater from scouring the fiber layer and ensure that the fiber layer is fixed on the slope wound surface.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

High and steep slope wounds are made of rain-proof fiber, including rock slope wounds, and the surface of rock slope wounds, that is, a high-order aggregate matrix layer is set on the rock slope-shaped surface, and the outer surface of the high-order aggregate matrix layer is covered with a seed layer , the high-order aggregate matrix layer contains wire mesh fixed on the slope-shaped rock surface, and the wire mesh pulls the high-order aggregate matrix to form a fixed degradable fiber on the wire mesh. The degradable fiber passes through the matrix layer and the seed layer and exposes the seeds layer surface.

The wound surface of the high and steep slope is made of anti-rainwater erosion fiber, and the degradable fiber is wheat straw, rice straw or straw that rapidly degrades plastic film and plant fiber.

As for the anti-rainwater scour fiber for high and steep slope wounds, the length of the degradable fiber is 20-60 cm.

As for the anti-rainwater scour fibers on high and steep slope wounds, the degradable fibers form a fluffy mesh with a horizontal interval of 5-20 cm and a longitudinal interval of 80-100 cm, and the fluffy mesh-like degradable fibers are wound and bound on the barbed wire by hemp rope.

As for the anti-rainwater erosion fiber on the high and steep slope wound, the degradable fiber forms a fluffy mesh with a horizontal interval of 5-20cm and a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm. The degradable fibers are sorted into bundles with a diameter of 3-5cm, and the horizontal interval between the wire mesh meshes is 5-20cm, and the mesh holes are interspersed with plant fibers from top to bottom, and the thickness of the interspersed fibers is 3cm-5cm. Iron wire or hemp rope is bound and connected to increase the toughness of the transverse fiber skeleton, so that each transverse fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the bottom attachment platform barbed wire; after the horizontal fiber skeleton is laid, the longitudinal part adopts 2-3mm thick natural hemp rope , the longitudinal interval of 80-100cm is used to bind the horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire together. Each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top with a half-knot method. The fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the bottom barbed wire form an interwoven network structure.

As for the anti-rainwater scour fiber on the wound surface of high and steep slopes, the barbed wire net has two layers, and the two layers of barbed wire nets are arranged at intervals.

The anti-rainwater scour fiber for the high and steep slope wound surface, the wire mesh fixed on the slope-shaped surface of the rock is a wire mesh fixed on the slope-shaped surface of the rock by U-shaped clips; the material of the wire mesh is exposed steel wire , iron wire or steel wire rope; or the material of the barbed wire mesh is plastic-coated steel wire, iron wire or steel wire rope, or nylon rope.

High and steep slope wound anti-rainwater erosion fiber manufacturing technology and construction method thereof, the slope-shaped wound greening construction method includes the following steps:

(1) Level the slope and remove pumice;

(2) Install the anchor rod;

(3) Suspend the wire mesh and lay the substrate attachment platform;

(4) Filling and reinforcement, laying fiber skeleton layer;

(5) Substrate configuration, matrix nutrient layer material cultivation;

(6) Gradual pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment spray the substrate layer and seed layer;

(7) Then spray the fiber protective layer;

(8) Seepage irrigation comprehensive maintenance system.

The steps of the technology of making the anti-rainwater scour fiber for high and steep slope wounds and its construction method include:

(1) Slope leveling and removal of pumice. Slope leveling should follow the principle of top-down, segmented and partitioned, broken and cleaned loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, and properly cut squares in areas with abnormally steep slopes. Use manual or mechanical excavation to excavate the strong weathered layer, and clean up all the garbage, weeds, tree roots, waste residues and other obstacles that hinder the construction of the wound. The wound should be as smooth and smooth as possible to avoid large For protrusions and depressions, a comprehensive landscape treatment plan is adopted for large boulders, combined with the overall wound greening plant structure in the later stage, so that the boulders can form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with the vegetation on the slope as much as possible, and the cleaned up debris and wastes are transported in time And dispose of it reasonably to avoid secondary pollution.

(2) Install anchor rods, according to different slope geological structures and local climate and hydrological characteristics, adopt traditional slope protection methods to reinforce the slope surface, such as anchor rod and cable slope protection, lattice frame slope protection, active protection net, passive protection Several commonly used slope protection treatment methods, such as net and flexible protective net slope protection, protect the traditional slope surface except cement sprayed concrete slope protection, keep the slope stable and firm, and create good preconditions for subsequent spraying greening construction to avoid secondary The occurrence of disasters.

(3) Hang the wire mesh and lay the base material attachment platform. Use galvanized hooked wire mesh to build the base material attachment platform. Choose different types of wire mesh for different wounds, and use U-shaped clips or anchor rods for reinforcement; when laying, The barbed wire mesh should be laid along the slope from top to bottom, tightened to the bottom of the slope and then anchored to fix it, and then the next one should be laid; the overlapping width of the two mesh sides should not be less than one mesh, and should be tied tightly with iron wire. If there are gaps between the nets, they should also be tied firmly with iron wires; when the main anchor is used to fix the barbed wire on the top of the slope, the barbed wire should be fixed in the middle of the anchor and then driven in; before laying the net on a partially depressed slope, artificially fill part of the planting soil or The plant fiber makes the slope as a whole smooth; the abnormally steep part of the slope is hung with double-layer barbed wire to increase the strength and adhesion of the bottom platform, which is conducive to the subsequent base material spraying operation; The entire barbed wire forms a unified force-bearing surface. When the rocks on the slope collapse and the weather peels off, the local concentrated load can be distributed to the surrounding material, and the impact force can be evenly transmitted to give full play to the protection ability of the entire system, that is, the local load, the overall effect, In this way, the system can bear a large load and reduce the anchoring force requirements of a single anchor rod, thus playing the role of overall protection on the slope; after the wire mesh is laid, cross-bars can be ordered at intervals on the slope for the particularly steep part. The specifications of the crossbar are combined with the actual situation of the slope, and the crossbar is added to facilitate the attachment of the sprayed substrate; the crossbar must be firmly combined with the slope, and various methods such as U-shaped clips, steel nails, screw steel, and expansion bolts are used for different situations. Reinforce the crossbar.

(4) Filling and reinforcing, laying fiber skeleton layer, using natural plant fibers with a length of about 20-60cm, and choosing different fiber materials such as straw, wheat straw, corn straw and other crop straws as raw materials according to different areas of construction, and sorting them into For bundles with a diameter of 3-5cm, the horizontal interval between the wire mesh meshes is 5-20cm, and the mesh holes are interspersed with plant fibers from top to bottom. The interval is determined according to the steepness of the slope. The interspersed fiber thickness is about 3cm-5cm, and the air permeability and fluffiness of the interspersed fiber material are maintained, and the thickness of some concave slopes is appropriately increased; the horizontal two groups of fiber materials are bound and connected by iron wire or hemp rope. Increase the toughness of the transverse fiber skeleton, so that each transverse fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the bottom attachment platform barbed wire; after the horizontal fiber skeleton is laid, the longitudinal part adopts 2-3mm thick natural hemp rope, and the longitudinal interval is 80-100cm. The horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire are bound together, and each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top using a half-knot method, and the barbed wire and the horizontal fiber skeleton are firmly bound to the bottom wire mesh and the anchor, so that the horizontal main fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the The bottom barbed wire forms an interwoven mesh structure.

(5) Substrate configuration, matrix nutrient layer material cultivation, the nutrient layer is specially prepared to meet the growth and development of seedlings, containing a variety of mineral nutrients, loose ventilation, strong water and fertilizer retention, and no pests and diseases; the nutrient layer is generally composed of Planting soil and decomposed manure are mixed and prepared, and they are stacked and fermented through a special process; the fermented nutrient material is mixed with the dried cow dung after crushing and screening at a ratio of 3:1; the cultivated nutrient base is sprayed before sowing To determine the pH value, combined with the acidity and alkalinity of the local planting soil for spraying, adjust the pH value of the nutrient base in a targeted manner, so that the spraying base material is more conducive to the growth of the plant community; the specific plan for the accumulation and fermentation of the nutrient layer:

1. Ratio of materials. 1.5 tons of dry cow manure (about 2.5 tons of fresh manure) plus 1 kg of organic fertilizer starter, crushed peanut shells 40%, corncobs 48%, cottonseed cake powder 4%~5%, superphosphate 1%, plant ash 1%~2%, 0.3%~0.5% urea, 2%~3% lime for mixing, (or sawdust, rice husk and other substitutes) mixed according to the ratio of cow dung and mixed materials 1:3;

2. Building piles of materials. When making a heap, you can’t make it too small or too short, too small will affect the fermentation, the height of the heap is 1.5 meters to 2 meters, the width is 2 meters, and the length is more than 2 to 4 meters;

3. Temperature requirements. The starting temperature should be above 15°C;

4. Moisture requirements. The moisture content of the fermentation material should be controlled at about 65%;

5. Turn the pile for ventilation. During the fermentation process, pay attention to proper oxygen supply and turning over (turn over several times when the temperature rises to 75°C or above), and control the temperature rise at about 65°C. If the temperature is too high, it will affect the nutrients;

6. Fermentation is complete. Generally, the fermentation can be completed within 15 days, the material is dark brown, and the temperature begins to drop to normal temperature, indicating that the fermentation is completed. If there are too many auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips, and rice husks, the fermentation time should be extended until they are fully decomposed;

7. After the fermentation is completed, dry it and pack it in bags to slow down the loss of fertilizer effect;

(6) Gradual pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment spray the substrate layer and seed layer, use high-lift spraying machine and booster pump to realize the effective combination of material mixing and conveying distance, and cooperate with hanging basket operation through multi-stage pressurization , Spray and sow a 6-8cm thick matrix nutrient layer on the slope fiber skeleton layer, the ratio is 49% of planting soil, 50% of special nutrient material, 0.5% of soil improver, 0.5% of water retaining agent, through special spraying equipment Spray the matrix material with a good ratio on the skeleton layer in 2-3 times. After the thickness of the matrix layer meets the requirements, spray a 1-1.5cm thick seed layer mixed with comprehensive grass seeds to complete the spraying of the substrate. Broadcast homework.

(7) Spray the fiber protective layer. After the seed layer is sprayed, use special fiber materials, and then spray special fiber materials with a thickness of about 0.5-1cm on the seed layer, so as to further protect the entire matrix layer; fiber protective layer spraying After completion, use special non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets to cover and protect the entire construction work surface.

(8) Comprehensive maintenance system for infiltration irrigation, including: rainwater collection system, filtration system, delivery pipe, plug-in infiltration irrigation head. Lay infiltration irrigation pipes of different densities according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

Since the present invention fixes degradable fibers on the iron wires or steel wires constituting the barbed wire, the degradable fibers pass through the matrix layer and the seed layer and expose the surface of the seed layer. In this way, after the degradable fiber is degraded, the cavity occupied by the degradable fiber is left in the matrix layer. The layer and the seed layer pass through and expose the surface of the seed layer, so that even in the case of high and steep slopes, the water flow rate is very fast, especially when it rains or waters, the substrate containing high-order aggregate materials does not fully absorb the surface water and loses water , making the soil moisture insufficient, resulting in drought. Due to the degradable fibers, wheat straw, rice straw, and straw, which are plant fibers, are degraded and supplemented as matrix layer fertilizers; since the length of the degradable fibers is 20-60cm, a fluffy network with a horizontal interval of 5-20cm and a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm is formed. Constitute the reinforcing ribs in the matrix to prevent the matrix slurry sprayed on it from hanging, and make the combined matrix firm and not fall off; the degradable fiber is wound and bound on the part of the barbed wire, and a large cavity is formed after degradation, so in Interconnected channels of different thicknesses are formed in the matrix layer, which is conducive to the absorption of water, and can effectively prevent rainwater from scouring the fiber layer to ensure that the fiber layer is fixed on the slope wound surface.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the front view structure of the degradable fiber of the present invention wound and bound on the barbed wire;

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the longitudinal section structure of the degradable fiber of the present invention wound and bound on the barbed wire.

Rock slope wound surface 1, barbed wire 2, biodegradable fiber 3, hemp rope 4.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail:

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the anti-rainwater erosion fiber of the high and steep slope wound surface includes the rocky slope-shaped wound, and the surface of the rocky slope-shaped wound, that is, the high-order aggregate matrix layer is set on the rocky slope-shaped surface 1, and the high The outer surface of the secondary aggregate matrix layer is covered with the seed layer, and the high-order aggregate matrix layer contains a wire mesh 2 fixed on the slope-shaped surface of the rock. The wire mesh 2 pulls the high-order aggregate matrix to form a fixed degradable fiber 3 on the wire mesh. Fibers pass through the matrix layer and the seed layer to expose the surface of the seed layer.

The rain-proof fiber for high and steep slope wounds, the degradable fiber 3 is wheat straw, rice straw, or straw that rapidly degrades plastic films and plant fibers.

The length of the degradable fiber 3 is 20-60cm in the anti-rainwater erosion fiber for the high and steep slope wound.

As for the anti-rainwater erosion fiber on the high and steep slope wound surface, the degradable fiber 3 forms a fluffy mesh with a horizontal interval of 5-20 cm and a longitudinal interval of 80-100 cm. .

The anti-rainwater scour fiber for the high and steep slope wound surface, the degradable fiber forms a fluffy mesh with a horizontal interval of 5-20 cm and a longitudinal interval of 80-100 cm, and the fluffy mesh-shaped degradable fiber is wound and bound on the barbed wire 2 by hemp rope 4, Organize the degradable fibers 3 into bundles with a diameter of 3-5cm, and insert and fill the mesh holes with plant fibers 3 from top to bottom at a horizontal interval of 5-20cm between the meshes of the barbed wire 2, with the thickness of the interspersed fibers at 3cm-5cm, two groups in the horizontal direction The fiber material bonding part is bound and connected with iron wire or hemp rope 4 to increase the toughness of the transverse fiber skeleton part, so that each transverse fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the bottom attachment platform barbed wire; - 3mm thick natural hemp rope 4, with a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm to bind the horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire mesh together, each longitudinal hemp rope 4 is wound and tied from the top with a half-knot method, and the barbed wire mesh and the horizontal fiber skeleton are firmly bound to the bottom barbed wire And the anchor, so that the horizontal main fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the bottom barbed wire form an interwoven network structure.

As for the anti-rainwater scour fiber on the high and steep slope wound surface, the barbed wire 2 has two layers, and the two layers of barbed wire 2 are arranged at intervals.

The anti-rainwater erosion fiber of the high and steep slope wound, the barbed wire 2 fixed on the rocky slope surface 1, the barbed wire 2 is fixed on the rocky slope surface 1 by a U-shaped clip; the material of the barbed wire 1 is Bare steel wires, iron wires or steel wire ropes; or the material of the barbed wire mesh is plastic-coated steel wires, iron wires or steel wire ropes, or nylon ropes.

High and steep slope wound anti-rainwater erosion fiber manufacturing technology and construction method thereof, the slope-shaped wound greening construction method includes the following steps:

(1) Level the slope and remove pumice.

(2) Install the anchor rod.

(3) Hang barbed wire 2. Lay the base material attachment platform.

(4) Filling and reinforcement, laying fiber skeleton layer.

(5) Substrate configuration, matrix nutrient layer material cultivation.

(6) Gradual pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment spray the substrate layer and seed layer.

(7) Then spray the fiber protective layer.

(8) Seepage irrigation comprehensive maintenance system.

Fabrication technology and construction method of anti-rainwater erosion fiber for high and steep slope wound surface, the construction method steps are as follows:

(1) Slope leveling and removal of pumice. Slope leveling should follow the principle of top-down, segmented and partitioned, broken and cleaned loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, and properly cut squares in areas with abnormally steep slopes. Use manual or mechanical excavation to excavate the strong weathered layer, and clean up all the garbage, weeds, tree roots, waste residues and other obstacles that hinder the construction of the wound. The wound should be as smooth and smooth as possible to avoid large For protrusions and depressions, a comprehensive landscape treatment plan is adopted for large boulders, combined with the overall wound greening plant structure in the later stage, so that the boulders can form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with the vegetation on the slope as much as possible, and the cleaned up debris and wastes are transported in time And dispose of it reasonably to avoid secondary pollution.

(2) Install anchor rods, according to different slope geological structures and local climate and hydrological characteristics, adopt traditional slope protection methods to reinforce the slope surface, such as anchor rod and cable slope protection, lattice frame slope protection, active protection net, passive protection Several commonly used slope protection treatment methods, such as net and flexible protective net slope protection, protect the traditional slope surface except cement sprayed concrete slope protection, keep the slope stable and firm, and create good preconditions for subsequent spraying greening construction to avoid secondary The occurrence of disasters.

(3) Suspend barbed wire 2. Lay the substrate attachment platform. Use galvanized hooked wire mesh 2 to build the bottom substrate attachment platform. Choose different types of barbed wire 2 for different wounds, and use U-shaped clips or anchor rods for reinforcement; Lay , the barbed wire 2 should be laid along the slope from top to bottom, tightened to the bottom of the slope and then fixed with anchor rods, and then lay the next one; If there is a gap between the two nets, it should also be tied firmly with iron wires; when the main anchor is used to fix the iron wire 2 on the top of the slope, the iron wire 2 should be fixed in the middle of the anchor, and then driven in; Part of the planting soil or plant fiber is filled to make the slope as a whole smooth; the abnormally steep part of the slope is hung with double-layer barbed wire 2 to increase the strength and adhesion of the bottom platform, which is conducive to the subsequent base material spraying operation; the base material barbed wire 2 platform is built to deal with the entire The slope surface forms full coverage, so that the entire barbed wire 2 forms a unified force-bearing surface, and when the slope rocks collapse or the weather peels off, the local concentrated load can be distributed to the surrounding materials, and the impact force can be evenly transmitted to give full play to the protection ability of the entire system. That is, local loading and overall action, so that the system can withstand larger loads and reduce the anchoring force requirements of a single anchor rod, thereby playing the role of overall protection for the slope; The crossbars can be ordered at intervals on the slope. The specifications of the crossbars are combined with the actual conditions of the slope, and the crossbars are added to facilitate the attachment of the sprayed substrate. The crossbars should be firmly combined with the slope, and steel nails, screw steel, and expansion bolts should be selected for different situations. And other ways to combine reinforcement crossbar.

(4) Filling and reinforcing, laying fiber skeleton layer, using natural plant fibers with a length of about 20-60cm, and choosing different fiber materials such as straw, wheat straw, corn straw and other crop straws as raw materials according to different areas of construction, and sorting them into 3-5cm diameter bundles, between the 2 meshes of the barbed wire at a horizontal interval of 5-20cm from top to bottom, interspersed with plant fibers to fill the mesh holes, and set the interval according to the steepness of the slope. The interval between the slow places is larger, the thickness of the interspersed fibers is about 3cm-5cm, and the air permeability and fluffiness of the interspersed fiber materials are maintained, and the thickness of some concave slopes is appropriately increased; the joint part of the two groups of fiber materials in the horizontal direction is bound with iron wire or hemp rope 4 Connection, increase the toughness of the transverse fiber skeleton part, so that each transverse fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the bottom attachment platform barbed wire 2; after the horizontal fiber skeleton is laid, the longitudinal part adopts 2-3mm thick natural hemp rope 4, and the longitudinal interval 80-100cm, the horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire 2 are bound together, and each longitudinal hemp rope 4 is wound and bound from the top using a half-knot method, and the barbed wire 2 and the transverse fiber skeleton are firmly bound on the bottom barbed wire 2 and the anchor, so that the horizontal The main fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the bottom barbed wire 2 form an interwoven network structure to increase the adhesion of the sprayed substrate to maintain the water retention, air permeability and hydrophobicity of the sprayed substrate, and reduce the specific gravity of the sprayed substrate soil. At the same time, increase the toughness of the sprayed substrate to prevent rainwater erosion and penetration from causing landslides in the sprayed layer. After covering the spraying layer, the plant fiber skeleton can effectively supplement the organic matter needed for plant growth during the process of slowly decomposing in the soil. The organic acid produced when the crop straw decomposes can promote the transformation of insoluble phosphate in the soil into weakly acid-soluble Phosphate can greatly improve the soil fertilizer efficiency and further improve the effect of soil water storage and moisture conservation, provide a good growth environment for the growth of surface plants, and promote the formation of the wound surface 1 micro-ecological circulation system.

(5) Substrate configuration, matrix nutrient layer material cultivation, the nutrient layer is specially prepared to meet the growth and development of seedlings, containing a variety of mineral nutrients, loose ventilation, strong water and fertilizer retention, and no pests and diseases; the nutrient layer is generally composed of Planting soil and decomposed manure are mixed and prepared, and they are stacked and fermented through a special process; the fermented nutrient material is mixed with the dried cow dung after crushing and screening at a ratio of 3:1; the cultivated nutrient base is sprayed before sowing To determine the pH value, combined with the acidity and alkalinity of the local planting soil for spraying, adjust the pH value of the nutrient base in a targeted manner, so that the spraying substrate is more conducive to the growth of plant communities. The specific scheme of nutrient layer accumulation fermentation:

1. Ratio of materials. 1.5 tons of dry cow manure (about 2.5 tons of fresh manure) plus 1 kg of organic fertilizer starter, crushed peanut shells 40%, corncobs 48%, cottonseed cake powder 4%~5%, superphosphate 1%, plant ash 1%~2%, 0.3%~0.5% urea, and 2%~3% lime are mixed, (or sawdust, rice husk and other substitutes) mixed at a ratio of 1:3 between cow dung and mixed materials.

2. Building piles of materials. When making a heap, you can’t make it too small or too short. Too small will affect the fermentation. Heap fermentation with a height of 1.5 meters to 2 meters, a width of 2 meters, and a length of more than 2 to 4 meters.

3. Temperature requirements. The starting temperature should be above 15°C.

4. Moisture requirements. The moisture content of the fermentation material should be controlled at about 65%.

5. Turn the pile for ventilation. During the fermentation process, pay attention to proper oxygen supply and turning over the compost (turn over several times when the temperature rises to 75°C or above), and control the temperature rise at around 65°C. Too high a temperature will affect the nutrients.

6. Fermentation is complete. Generally, the fermentation can be completed within 15 days, the material is dark brown, and the temperature begins to drop to normal temperature, indicating that the fermentation is completed. If there are too many auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips, and rice husks, the fermentation time should be extended until they are fully decomposed.

7. After the fermentation is completed, dry it and pack it in bags to slow down the loss of fertilizer efficiency.

The nutrient soil in the matrix layer cultivated by this technology has high organic matter content, complete nutrients, reasonable soil structure, and active beneficial microorganisms. It is characterized by nutritious soil and a good soil ecological environment, which can meet the healthy growth of crops; strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, Can improve plant survival rate.

(6) Gradual pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment are used to spray the substrate layer and seed layer 4, and the high-lift sprayer and booster pump are used to achieve the effective combination of material mixing and conveying distance, and the hanging basket is matched with multi-stage pressurization For operation, spray and sow a 6-8cm thick matrix nutrient layer on the slope fiber skeleton layer, with a ratio of 49% planting soil, 50% special nutrient material, 0.5% soil improver, and 0.5% water-retaining agent, through special spraying The equipment sprays the matrix material with a good ratio on the skeleton layer in 2-3 times. After the thickness of the matrix layer reaches the requirement, the seed layer 4 mixed with comprehensive grass species is sprayed to a thickness of 1-1.5cm to complete the substrate. spraying operations.

The traditional spraying machine is limited by the machine itself in terms of material conveying distance, and it is difficult to carry out spraying operations on slopes exceeding 150 meters. The conveying distance of the hydraulic conveying pump can meet the requirements, but because the conveying pump materials are not mixed uniformly, adhesives, soil improvers, fiber materials, etc. cannot be fully stirred evenly, the effect of preventing rainwater erosion cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, it is difficult for traditional spraying operation equipment to perform effective spraying operations on slopes with a slope height of more than 150 meters.

This technology adopts Hengrui Machinery's special two-stage energy-saving high-lift sprayer, cooperates with the booster pump invented by Hengrui Machinery to realize the effective combination of material mixing and conveying distance, especially for high and steep slopes using high-altitude hanging baskets, so that It solves various difficulties in the construction of traditional spraying operations such as difficulty in material transportation on high and steep slopes, poor rain-proof effect of spraying substrates, low construction efficiency, and high cost, and can effectively carry out spraying and greening operations on high and steep slopes. Through multi-stage pressurization and hanging basket operation, it is a good solution to the current domestic effective spraying operation for slopes exceeding 150 meters. This technology breaks through the limitations of traditional spraying equipment, through multi-stage and multiple pressurized pumps The combination can effectively realize the effective spraying operation on the wound surface 1 with a slope length of less than 1000 meters. This technology fills up the technical gap in spraying and greening at home and abroad, and solves the technical problem of ecological restoration of ultra-high and steep wounds 1 mountain.

(7) Spray the special fiber protective layer. After spraying the seed layer 4, use special fiber materials to spray and sow special fiber materials with a thickness of about 0.5-1cm on the seed layer 4, so as to further protect the entire substrate layer. This technology The special fiber material used in the seed layer can effectively protect the seed layer 4 against rain erosion, and at the same time play a good role in water retention and ventilation, so as to prevent the rain erosion from causing the matrix material to slip and cause greening failure. After the spraying of the fiber protective layer is completed, the entire construction work surface is covered and protected with special non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets, which can protect the vegetation at the seedling stage while maintaining heat and moisturizing, and further prevent rainwater from scouring the sprayed base material to ensure the final green effect.

(8) Comprehensive maintenance system for infiltration irrigation, including: rainwater collection system, filtration system, delivery pipe, plug-in infiltration irrigation head. Lay infiltration irrigation pipes of different densities according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.

The plug-in root seepage irrigation device includes a cylindrical plunger and a plunger cap; the tail end of the plunger has a conical end for easy insertion into the ground, and its top surface has a central hole extending to the vicinity of the cone end. The center of the lower part of the plunger is A plurality of water seepage holes are opened on the side wall of the hole; a filter screen is correspondingly set in the central hole, and the movable cover of the plunger cap is arranged on the top of the plunger. The ground-inserting root seepage irrigation device adopted in this technology can be pulled out after the inserting rod is inserted to achieve the effect of easy cleaning, maintenance and repeated use. There is a filter in the center hole, which can prevent soil and sand from passing through the seepage hole. Enter the center hole to avoid blockage of the center hole and ensure smooth and effective seepage irrigation.

Claims (9)

1. Anti-rain erosion fiber for high and steep slope wounds, including rock slope wounds, the surface of rock slope wounds, that is, a high-order aggregate matrix layer is set on the rock slope surface, and the outer surface of the high-order aggregate matrix layer is covered with seeds layer, the high-order aggregate matrix layer contains wire mesh fixed on the slope-shaped surface of the rock, and the wire mesh pulls the high-order aggregate matrix. Pass through and expose the surface of the seed layer. 2. The rain-proof fiber for high and steep slope wounds according to claim 1, characterized in that: the degradable fiber is rapidly degradable plastic film, plant fiber wheat straw, straw, straw. 3. The anti-rain erosion fiber for high and steep slope wounds according to claim 2, characterized in that: the length of the degradable fiber is 20-60 cm. 4. The rain-proof fiber for high and steep slope wounds according to claim 3, characterized in that: the degradable fibers form a fluffy mesh with a horizontal interval of 5-20 cm and a longitudinal interval of 80-100 cm, and the fluffy mesh-shaped degradable fiber Wrapped with hemp rope and tied to the barbed wire. 5. The rain-proof fiber for high and steep slope wounds according to claim 4, characterized in that: the degradable fibers form a fluffy mesh with a transverse interval of 5-20 cm and a longitudinal interval of 80-100 cm, and the fluffy mesh-shaped degradable fiber The hemp rope is wound and bound on the barbed wire, and the degradable fibers are arranged into bundles of 3-5cm in diameter, and the horizontal interval between the meshes of the barbed wire is 5-20cm, and the mesh is filled with plant fibers from top to bottom, and the thickness of the interspersed fibers is 3cm- 5cm, the two groups of fiber materials in the horizontal direction are tied with iron wire or hemp rope to increase the toughness of the horizontal fiber skeleton, so that each horizontal fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the bottom attachment platform barbed wire; after the horizontal fiber skeleton is laid The longitudinal part is made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp rope, and the horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire are bound together at an interval of 80-100cm in the longitudinal direction. On the bottom barbed wire and anchors, the horizontal main fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the bottom barbed wire form an interwoven network structure. 6. The anti-rainwater erosion fiber for high and steep slope wounds according to claim 5, characterized in that: the barbed wire has two layers, and the two layers of barbed wire are arranged at intervals. 7. The anti-rainwater erosion fiber for high and steep slope wounds according to claim 6, characterized in that: the wire mesh fixed on the slope-shaped surface of the rock is that the wire mesh is fixed on the slope-shaped surface of the rock by U-shaped clips ; The material of the barbed wire is bare steel wire, iron wire or steel wire rope; or the material of the barbed wire is plastic-coated steel wire, iron wire or steel wire rope, or nylon rope. 8. The technology and construction method of anti-rainwater erosion fiber for high and steep slope wounds, characterized in that: the greening construction method for slope-shaped wounds includes the following steps: (1) Level the slope and remove pumice; (2) Install the anchor rod; (3) Suspend the wire mesh and lay the substrate attachment platform; (4) Filling and reinforcement, laying fiber skeleton layer; (5) Substrate configuration, matrix nutrient layer material cultivation; (6) Gradual pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment spray the substrate layer and seed layer; (7) Then spray the fiber protective layer; (8) Seepage irrigation comprehensive maintenance system. 9. According to claim 8, the high and steep slope wound anti-rainwater erosion fiber maintenance technology and the construction steps of its construction method are characterized in that: the construction method comprises: (1) Slope leveling and removal of pumice. Slope leveling should follow the principle of top-down, segmented and partitioned, broken and cleaned loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, and properly cut squares in areas with abnormally steep slopes. Use manual or mechanical excavation to excavate the strong weathered layer, and clean up all the garbage, weeds, tree roots, waste residues and other obstacles that hinder the construction of the wound. The wound should be as smooth and smooth as possible to avoid large For protrusions and depressions, a comprehensive landscape treatment plan is adopted for large boulders, combined with the overall wound greening plant structure in the later stage, so that the boulders can form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with the vegetation on the slope as much as possible, and the cleaned up debris and wastes are transported in time And dispose of it reasonably to avoid secondary pollution; (2) Install anchor rods, according to different slope geological structures and local climate and hydrological characteristics, adopt traditional slope protection methods to reinforce the slope surface, such as anchor rod and cable slope protection, lattice frame slope protection, active protection net, passive protection Several commonly used slope protection treatment methods, such as net and flexible protective net slope protection, protect the traditional slope surface except cement sprayed concrete slope protection, keep the slope stable and firm, and create good preconditions for subsequent spraying greening construction to avoid secondary the occurrence of disasters; (3) Hang the wire mesh and lay the base material attachment platform. Use galvanized hooked wire mesh to build the base material attachment platform. Choose different types of wire mesh for different wounds, and use U-shaped clips or anchor rods for reinforcement; when laying, The barbed wire mesh should be laid along the slope from top to bottom, tightened to the bottom of the slope and then anchored to fix it, and then the next one should be laid; the overlapping width of the two mesh sides should not be less than one mesh, and should be tied tightly with iron wire. If there are gaps between the nets, they should also be tied firmly with iron wires; when the main anchor is used to fix the barbed wire on the top of the slope, the barbed wire should be fixed in the middle of the anchor and then driven in; before laying the net on a partially depressed slope, artificially fill part of the planting soil or The plant fiber makes the slope as a whole smooth; the abnormally steep part of the slope is hung with double-layer barbed wire to increase the strength and adhesion of the bottom platform, which is conducive to the subsequent base material spraying operation; The entire barbed wire forms a unified force-bearing surface. When the rocks on the slope collapse and the weather peels off, the local concentrated load can be distributed to the surrounding material, and the impact force can be evenly transmitted to give full play to the protection ability of the entire system, that is, the local load, the overall effect, In this way, the system can bear a large load and reduce the anchoring force requirements of a single anchor rod, thus playing the role of overall protection on the slope; after the wire mesh is laid, cross-bars can be ordered at intervals on the slope for the particularly steep part. The specifications of the crossbar are combined with the actual situation of the slope, and the crossbar is added to facilitate the attachment of the sprayed substrate; the crossbar must be firmly combined with the slope, and various methods such as U-shaped clips, steel nails, screw steel, and expansion bolts are used for different situations. Reinforcement crossbar; (4) Filling and reinforcing, laying fiber skeleton layer, using natural plant fibers with a length of about 20-60cm, and choosing different fiber materials such as straw, wheat straw, corn straw and other crop straws as raw materials according to different areas of construction, and sorting them into For bundles with a diameter of 3-5cm, the horizontal interval between the wire mesh meshes is 5-20cm, and the mesh holes are interspersed with plant fibers from top to bottom. The interval is determined according to the steepness of the slope. The interspersed fiber thickness is about 3cm-5cm, and the air permeability and fluffiness of the interspersed fiber material are maintained, and the thickness of some concave slopes is appropriately increased; the horizontal two groups of fiber materials are bound and connected by iron wire or hemp rope. Increase the toughness of the transverse fiber skeleton, so that each transverse fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the bottom attachment platform barbed wire; after the horizontal fiber skeleton is laid, the longitudinal part adopts 2-3mm thick natural hemp rope, and the longitudinal interval is 80-100cm. The horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire are bound together, and each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top using a half-knot method, and the barbed wire and the horizontal fiber skeleton are firmly bound to the bottom wire mesh and the anchor, so that the horizontal main fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the The barbed wire at the bottom forms an interwoven mesh structure; (5) Substrate configuration, matrix nutrient layer material cultivation, the nutrient layer is specially prepared to meet the growth and development of seedlings, containing a variety of mineral nutrients, loose ventilation, strong water and fertilizer retention, and no pests and diseases; the nutrient layer is generally composed of Planting soil and decomposed manure are mixed and prepared, and they are stacked and fermented through a special process; the fermented nutrient material is mixed with the dried cow dung after crushing and screening at a ratio of 3:1; the cultivated nutrient base is sprayed before sowing To determine the pH value, combined with the acidity and alkalinity of the local planting soil for spraying, adjust the pH value of the nutrient base in a targeted manner, so that the spraying base material is more conducive to the growth of the plant community; the specific plan for the accumulation and fermentation of the nutrient layer: 1. Material ratio: 1.5 tons of dry cow manure (about 2.5 tons of fresh manure) plus 1 kg of organic fertilizer starter, crushed peanut shells 40%, corncobs 48%, cottonseed cake powder 4%~5%, over Calcium phosphate 1%, plant ash 1%~2%, urea 0.3%~0.5%, lime 2%~3% for mixing, (or sawdust, rice husk and other substitutes) according to cow dung and mixed materials 1:3 The ratio is mixed; 2. Building a pile of materials: When making a pile, you can’t make it too small or too short. Too small will affect the fermentation. Heap fermentation with a height of 1.5 meters to 2 meters, a width of 2 meters, and a length of 2 to 4 meters; 3. Temperature requirements: the starting temperature should be above 15°C; 4. Moisture requirement: the moisture content of the fermentation material should be controlled at about 65%; 5. Turn over and ventilate: pay attention to proper oxygen supply and turn over during the fermentation process (turn over several times when the temperature rises to 75°C or above), and control the temperature rise at about 65°C. If the temperature is too high, it will affect the nutrients; 6. Fermentation is completed: Generally, the fermentation can be completed within 15 days. The material is dark brown, and the temperature begins to drop to room temperature, indicating that the fermentation is completed; if there are too many auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips, and rice husks, the fermentation time should be extended until they are fully decomposed; 7. After the fermentation is completed, dry it and pack it in bags to slow down the loss of fertilizer effect; (6) Gradual pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment spray the substrate layer and seed layer, use high-lift spraying machine and booster pump to realize the effective combination of material mixing and conveying distance, and cooperate with hanging basket operation through multi-stage pressurization , Spray and sow a 6-8cm thick matrix nutrient layer on the slope fiber skeleton layer, the ratio is 49% of planting soil, 50% of special nutrient material, 0.5% of soil improver, 0.5% of water retaining agent, through special spraying equipment Spray the matrix material with a good ratio on the skeleton layer in 2-3 times. After the thickness of the matrix layer meets the requirements, spray a 1-1.5cm thick seed layer mixed with comprehensive grass seeds to complete the spraying of the substrate. broadcast job; (7) Spray the fiber protective layer. After the seed layer is sprayed, use special fiber materials, and then spray special fiber materials with a thickness of about 0.5-1cm on the seed layer, so as to further protect the entire matrix layer; fiber protective layer spraying After completion, cover and protect the entire construction work surface with special non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets; (8) Comprehensive maintenance system for infiltration irrigation, including: rainwater collection system, filtration system, delivery pipe, plug-in infiltration irrigation head; infiltration irrigation pipes of different densities are laid according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.