CN103599605A - Extinguishing method for coal gangue dump system - Google Patents
Extinguishing method for coal gangue dump system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an extinguishing method for a coal gangue dump system and belongs to the field of management and ecological environment recovery of mine wastes. The invention provides the extinguishing method which combines excavation extinguishing, ditching and fluid injection extinguishing, loess covering, massif stabilization, flexible water drainage ditch, flexible slope protection and plant recovery technologies to form systematic extinguishment and fire prevention. The extinguishing method is carried out according to the following steps: observing a fire behavior and distributing temperature measuring points to determine a kindling point; determining grain diameter distribution and the porosity; carrying out excavation extinguishing treatment on a combustion hole and carrying out massif slope cutting reforming; on the basis of the massif slope cutting reforming, carrying out fluid injection extinguishing on rough gangues exposed from the lower part of a coal gangue dump and a fire region exposed out in the massif slope cutting reforming process; carrying out ditching and fluid injection fire prevention on positions with spontaneous combustion phenomena on the inner side of a riding track and the lower part in a massif to carry out annular slope toe closed extinguishing on a management region; and arranging a water drainage system. The extinguishing method for the coal gangue dump system is mainly applied to the extinguishing aspect of the coal gangue dump.
Description
Technical field
A kind of coal gangue hill system of the present invention extinguishing method, belongs to improvement and the eco-environment restoration field of mine solid waste.
Background technology
Gangue is the black gray expandable rock with coal seam association, as the solid waste producing in coal mining and process, along with Chinese national economy is fast-developing, the demand of the energy is constantly increased, coal production improves gradually, and the discharge capacity of gangue also constantly rises.At present, the spoil of discharging in home and abroad colliery selecting and purchasing process is abandoned in gully mostly, level land one band, and pilling up time is longer, and utilization rate is extremely low, has occupied valuable cultivated land resource.And ubiquity dieseling, according to document, estimating (king's grace, the research of coal gangue hill deep hole grouting fire extinguishing, 2011, colliery environmental protection), China has thousands of coal gangue hills of size at present, and wherein approximately 30% is burning.The CO discharging in gangue combustion process, SO
2, H
2s and NO
2deng gas, produce volume of smoke simultaneously, have a strong impact on the health of surrounding resident.In addition, because being infiltrated by precipitation, the coal gangue hill of spontaneous combustion affects the Acidic Leaching water that discharge contains harmful metal ion in a large number, severe contamination surface water, underground water and the soil of mining area and surrounding enviroment, the rainwater of infiltration also may be because steam sharply expands and causes air pressure sharply to increase and blast after being heated.Therefore, the accumulation of gangue and spontaneous combustion heavy damage the ecological environment of mining area and periphery, its impact can not be ignored.
The mechanism of spontaneous combustion of coal gangue hill has been obtained to common recognition substantially both at home and abroad, the condition that spontaneous combus tion of waste heap occurs is for having combustible, having air communication channel, has heat storage capacity and higher than ignition temperature.Therefore, by cutting off the condition of spontaneous combustion generation, just can reach the object of fireproof fire-extinguishing.
From documents and materials (Xi'an Technology University, master thesis, 2011, flourish two ore deposit spontaneous combus tion of waste heap rule and the Study on treatment technology in east; Yin Guoxun etc., 1997, coal mining geology disaster and control, Coal Industry Press; State Bueau of Environmental Protection, 1995, People's Republic of China's solid waste is prevented and treated learning materials, China Environmental Science Press; Ministry of Coal Industry, 1996, coal industry " 95 " environmental protection plan 1996-2000, coal protection) see, the main fire extinguishing fire prevention measure of coal gangue hill has at present: (1) removes coal and the pyrite in gangue; (2) cut off oxygen supply condition; Wherein, the feasibility of a method is higher.Hillock for new accumulation, western developed country is mainly to start with from stacking mode, the stacking of result of study demonstration nature, compacting stacking and compaction in layers are piled the air velocity of being rivals in a contest and are had a significant impact, the taper hillock that traditional natural is stacked, there is larger flank area, easily enter air and form convection current, encourage " stack effect ", therefore many countries adopt compaction in layers method to stack gangue and solve spontaneous combustion problem.China also requires layered rolling to pile up for the discharge of new accumulation hillock, before stacking, will first build dam, seals antiseepage and process before accumulation, and layering earthing, afforests after end face earthing or reclaim.But in actual operation, often all fail to carry out in accordance with regulations, directly along slope, pile up or be poured in raceway groove after mostly building dam, for hidden danger has been buried in spontaneous combustion.Hillock for spontaneous combustion, principle, fire extinguishing mainly should be started with from isolated Air infitration, reduction hillock temperature, oxygen barrier, solid sulphur, the hillock of extinguish combustion, the extinguishing method of employing mainly contains cladding process, is bulldozed compacting, foam method, control combustion method, mortar gunite method, perfusion, excavate method, deep slip casting method and low temperature inert gas method etc.Wherein, cladding process is by avoiding gangue to contact with air at gangue surface coverage inert substance, thereby reach the object of fireproof fire-extinguishing, also be the methods that adopt in a large number both at home and abroad, countries in Europe mainly adopts layering to stack the method for compacting, layered coverage inert substance, the method that China mainly adopts loess to cover to roll, but much there is the local intensity of a fire phenomenon of large area resume combustion even repeatedly, the loess of covering has even burnt till brick-red; Excavate method first by rule of thumb or temperature-measuring results find burning things which may cause a fire disaster, then dig out the spoil that catches fire and generate heat, water or naturally cooling, fill out afterwards reposition, it is high that this method is implemented simple success rate, but be only applicable to just occur the coal gangue hill of spontaneous combustion, the hillock wide for combustion range, combustion intensity is large is inapplicable, be suitable as a kind of ancillary method of other extinguishing methods; Slip casting method is the technology extensively adopting at present both at home and abroad, obtained in practice good effect, but shortcoming is more difficult in flame range boring on the one hand, on the other hand because the spoil particle after burning is superfine, permeability extreme difference, causes deep hole grouting to be difficult to produce a desired effect; The cost of control combustion method is high, rarely found in practical application.
Through the retrieval of prior art is found, (1) Chinese patent CN202767052U discloses a kind of slope roller compaction device of administering for self-ignition coal gangue hill, can roll starvation to coal gangue hill enters, effectively prevent coal gangue hill generation spontaneous combustion, reduce to greatest extent the impact that gangue produces environment, (2) Chinese patent CN102875113A discloses for the self-ignition coal gangue hill antipollution covering flame-retardant layer of preventing fires, and by fire-retardant to self-ignition coal gangue hill surface coverage, reaches the anti-pollution double goal of fire prevention, and afforests and lay the foundation for coal gangue hill, (3) Chinese patent CN102787610A discloses the good processing method of a kind of hillock table structural reform, and first it retrofit and form terrace type moulding massif, then from mountain top to bottom, offer the groove of a plurality of wide 1-2 rice, dark 1-2.2 rice, require bottom land and lateral wall closely knit firm, again surface layer body is cured to sealing and internal structure improvement, finally massif vegetation is covered naturally and artificial greening, improve stope and surrounding enviroment, ensure the safety of adopting cash operation, (4) Chinese patent CN202652889U discloses a kind of self-ignition coal gangue hill comprehensive treatment system, comprise and cover the separation layer of gangue massif on domatic, described separation layer is also provided with hypothallus and Seed Layer to massif outside, effective starvation, fire extinguishing effect is thorough, by layering, can strengthen slope surface packing by backfill compacting, prevent that resume combustion from occurring, cash soil separation layer is by improving hillock cortical environment simultaneously, increase water retention, for plant growth provides suitable condition, hypothallus and Seed Layer can be at reticular fibre protective mulches of domatic formation, both be conducive to vegetable seeds sprout growth, can slow down again moisture evaporation, reduce rain erosion, (5) Chinese patent CN202672119U discloses a kind of coal gangue hill flexible water drainage canal, comprises trapezoidal trench, and trench limit and bottom surface cover loess formation, are equipped with geomembrane on loess formation, piles up into step domatic on geomembrane with soil engineering bag.On the step of piling up is domatic, be provided with layer of plants on soil engineering bag, can successfully manage sedimentation, avoid water channel fracture, geomembrane and soil engineering bag acid and alkali-resistance, resist chemical, antibiont degraded, antiseep, the fine solution drainage problem of energy, layer of plants can improve the service life of drainage ditch, (6) Chinese patent CN102500077A discloses a kind of waste dump extinguishing method, on the basis of the investigation coal gangue hill condition of a fire, carry out thermometric, determine ignition point position and the degree of depth, the Coal Gangue Heap subregion of classifying is administered by stages, to there being the first fire extinguishing cooling of hillock of naked light, massif is cut slope classification, after repairing packway, loess covers, punching slip casting, and loess layered coverage rolls rear side slope plantation shrub, (7) Chinese patent CN101749016A and CN101749016B disclose a kind of coal gangue hill ecological sealing slurry flame retardation and technology for recovering vegetation, first carry out the arrangement of coal gangue hill landform, slope stability protection and slope drainage system are set, again to the fire extinguishing of existing burning things which may cause a fire disaster point punching perfusion alkalescence slurry, and be in harmonious proportion and starch in the sealing of coal gangue hill top layer sprinkling irrigation alkalescence, sealing is in harmonious proportion starches the ecological slurry of spray attachment revegetation above, sows grass seeds by duster and fills with careless vegetable seeds, lays protective materials, (8) Chinese patent CN101644158A and CN101644158B disclose a kind of heap storage method that prevents spontaneous combustion of coal gangue hill, each layer of gangue massif carried out to horizontal layering earthing and roll processing, at gangue massif middle and lower part domatic, face vacancy and top layer plane place arranges native compartment along the longitudinal direction, the outermost layer of gangue massif adopts three layers of overburden layer, for rolling loess formation, loose loess formation, fine particle spoil layer, (9) Chinese patent CN201460899U discloses a kind of protection isolation structures that prevents self-ignition coal gangue hill generation stack effect, solve existing coal gangue hill and block cash dam as the protection isolation structures of self-ignition coal gangue hill, strengthening " stack effect ", the problems such as aggravation spontaneous combustion, comprise and cover the overburden layer of gangue massif on domatic and the coal gangue hill being arranged on gangue massif blocks cash dam, coal gangue hill blocks below, cash dam and is provided with bottom separation layer, the interior survey adjacent with gangue massif is provided with interior pad separation layer, bottom separation layer, seamless connection between interior pad separation layer and overburden layer, overburden layer is Compacted Loess layer, loose loess formation and fine particle spoil layer from inside to outside, (10) Chinese patent CN201395796Y discloses a kind of flexible soil and slope protection device of administering for coal gangue hill, this device is comprised of two parts, main part is elastic draw bar, and another part is fixing anchor bar, and elastic draw bar is interconnected into netted three-dimensional slope protection system by fixing anchor bar, (11) Chinese patent CN101519966A and CN101519966B disclose a kind of method for comprehensively treating ecological environment of coal gangue hill, first to coal gangue hill site inspection, and formulate work element construction program, take fire prevention as main, fireproof fire-extinguishing combines, with mechanical means first shallow-layer on gangue massif, spray the comprehensive shutoff of slip casting and form plugged zone, on plugged zone, spray transfer mud carries out covering formation transition zone comprehensively, the mud spraying on transition zone containing careless tank class plant carries out covering formation plantation layer comprehensively, in injection in line with contour girdle type operation from bottom to top, cover gradually comprehensively, and select different operating types with actual, (12) Chinese patent CN101393100A discloses a kind of method and apparatus for the test of self-ignition coal gangue hill separation layer gas permeability, can detect self-ignition coal gangue hill and administer the gas permeability of separation layer, the configuration that ensures separation layer has certain obstruct air effect, thereby prevents spontaneous combustion of coal gangue hill, (13) Chinese patent CN101011009A and CN100499992C disclose a kind of greening method of self-ignition coal gangue hill, the fire-fighting technique of self-ignition coal gangue hill and greening technique are organically combined, the topographic features concrete according to self-ignition coal gangue hill, by the domatic counter-slope inclination terraced fields that are organized into from top to bottom, adopt slip casting method put out a fire and lower the temperature, the coal gangue hill surface sprinkling bactericide of putting in order, adopt inert material that hillock surface is covered and rolled, then carry out earthing and build erosion and torrent control works, planting technique and greening management, (14) Chinese patent CN2910272Y discloses a kind of oxygen isolated fire fighting pouring pipe for self-ignition piled gangue, has solved in existing slip casting process not only oxygen and has easily entered hillock inside and set off an explosion, and destroyed the problem of Upper loess covering.
These patents are all to have adopted single extinguishing method substantially, some is very complicated for the hillock condition of a fire in reality, simple adopt loess cover, cut slope, deep layer Grouting Extinguishment or arbitrarily the two in conjunction with the object that is all difficult to reach thorough fire extinguishing and prevents resume combustion, and when deep layer is in the milk because the very high spoil particle of temperature is very thin, often form permeability barrier, slurries are difficult to arrive ignition point, do not reach the object of fire extinguishing, and it is inner and set off an explosion in slip casting process, to also have oxygen easily to enter hillock.Therefore be necessary to be improved.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing in order to overcome prior art, provides a kind of and will excavate that fire extinguishing, trench digging fluid injection fire-fighting, loess cover, massif is stablized, flexible water drainage ditch, flexible bank protection and technology for recovering vegetation combine, and forms systematic fire extinguishing and prevents fires.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A coal gangue hill system extinguishing method, carries out according to following steps:
Observe the condition of a fire and lay point for measuring temperature and determine ignition point, determining that particle diameter distributes and porosity, the employing of burning cave being excavated to fire extinguishing and process; Carry out massif and cut slope shaping, cutting on the basis of slope shaping, the thick spoil that hillock bottom is exposed and the flame range of exposing while cutting slope shaping are sprayed fluid injection fire-fighting; In packway inner side and massif middle and lower part have the position of spontaneous combustion sign, adopt trench digging slip casting fire prevention; To administering district, encircle toe smothering; To domatic, carry out totally-enclosed fire extinguishing; Drainage system is set.
Whole process is utilized thermocouple temperature measurement, and thermometric process is carried out successively according to the order of " punching---thermocouple inserts in the hole---wait for 7-10 minute---thermometric---record "; Surveying method adopts " isosceles triangle " thermometry, and thermometric is carried out in high temperature, combustion zone, and every 6m punching thermometric, thermometer hole is scattered in isosceles triangle; According to temperature measurement data last time, the point for measuring temperature that is greater than 80 ℃ around temperature, reduces the interval of punching gradually afterwards, increases thermometric depth, approaches ignition point, determines scope and the degree of depth of primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone.
Described definite particle diameter distributes and porosity refers to that the particle diameter of each arda sampling mensuration regional in primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone distributes and porosity.
Excavated rear horse back, with hydrojet machine, the slurries of water 0.5-1.5m3, lime 12-13kg, fire retardant 2-3 kg, loess 0.05-0.15 m3 configuration have been ejected into channel bottom and both sides; Then with high pressure slurry pump perfusion, put out a fire slurries to channel bottom, treat that it oozes no longer down, measure temperature lower than critical-temperature after, bottom is pressed lime 2-4 m3, loess 6-8 m3, fire retardant 18-19 kg stirs backfill, the middle spoil of using mixes rear backfill with loess by 1:4, Surface mulch loess, the compacting of backfilling process layered rolling.
Described trench digging fluid injection fire-fighting, after excavation, injected water 0.5-1.5 m3, lime 12-13 kg, fire retardant 2-3 kg, loess 0.05-0.15 m3 mix fire prevention mud, hillock high-temperature region, combustion zone are lowered the temperature rapidly, excavation segmentation is carried out, the laggard row mortar depositing construction of excavation groove, slip casting is oozed no longer down to slurries, after thermometric is up to standard, completes slip casting; By dirt, fire retardant mixing backfill, then backfill spoil and native mixture, Surface mulch loess, compaction in layers, forms isolation strip.
It is described that to administering district, to encircle toe smothering be to carry out according to following steps:
A, excavation; B, that bottom of trench is closed to water with mud is non-leakage; The filler of configuration is filled by c, lower floor; Native cash mixture is filled in d, middle level; E, upper strata use loess closely knit.
Describedly to domatic, carry out totally-enclosed fire extinguishing and refer to according to spoil mountain fire point position, Temperature Distribution, spoil particle diameter, burning degree, porosity, and the massif gradient, length of grade, the domatic three types that is divided into is carried out:
A, do not start hydrolysis area: be distributed in every grade of toe; With the mixture of loess 6-8m3 and lime 2-4m3, carry out slip casting covering;
B, hydrolysis area: by backfill after excavating the spoil that digs out in fire extinguishing and loess and stirring by 1:4;
C, burning later stage district: clear water cooling, covers after mixing with loess 6-8 m3, lime 2-4 m3, fire retardant 18-19 kg.
Described drainage system comprises flexible water drainage canal and longitudinal drainage canal, and flexible water drainage canal is connected with original drainage system on road drainage system and ore deposit with longitudinal drainage canal.
Burning cave is adopted and to excavate that fire extinguishing is processed and massif is cut slope shaping and carried out simultaneously.
The beneficial effect that the present invention compared with prior art had is:
Using Coal Gangue Heap fire extinguishing as a system engineering, from the angle that prevents that " stack effect " occurs, according to thermometric, report, accurately determine ignition point and the degree of depth, to excavate that fire extinguishing, trench digging fluid injection fire-fighting, loess cover, massif is stable, flexible water drainage ditch, flexible bank protection and technology for recovering vegetation combine, and forms systematic fire extinguishing fireproofing technique, in reality fire extinguishing, easily realize, both can reach quick extinguishing object thoroughly, also can play long-acting fireproof effect; Hillock temperature declines, and soil property improves, and has also reduced the generation of dust and pernicious gas, has reduced rainwash, has alleviated the soil erosion, effectively prevents hillock resume combustion.
The specific embodiment
Technological process of the present invention is as follows:
The first, before implementing fire-fighting work, coal gangue hill is carried out to site inspection, verify the degree of depth, the scope of combustion zone, to instruct exactly and check fire extinguishing, fire prevention construction, thereby accomplish to put out effectively, fast, thoroughly spontaneous combus tion of waste heap condition of a fire disaster.In construction, whole process is utilized thermocouple temperature measurement, and thermometric process is carried out successively according to the order of " punching---thermocouple inserts in the hole---wait for 7-10 minute---thermometric---record "; Surveying method adopts " isosceles triangle " thermometry, thermometric is carried out in high temperature, combustion zone, and every 6m punching thermometric, thermometric depth is determined according to the hillock degree of depth of catching fire, and thermometer hole is scattered in " isosceles triangle "; According to temperature measurement data last time, the point for measuring temperature that is greater than 80 ℃ around temperature, reduces the interval of punching gradually afterwards, increases thermometric depth, approaches ignition point, determines burning things which may cause a fire disaster scope and the degree of depth.Domatic exploration requires the punching of each thermometric perpendicular to domatic, guarantees thermometric depth, and thermometric punching is constructed according to orographic condition, artificial, air compressor machine and pneumatic hidden hole drilling group.
The second, for definite burning cave in temperature prospecting, take to excavate fire extinguishing, for explored burning cave, take to excavate fire extinguishing.Construction process is: 1) establish warning region, observe wind direction; 2) be equipped with anti-tool, protector; 3) passway for escaping is set; 4) tissue rescue personnel and vehicle; 5) excavation air-vent; 6) by low-temperature space, to high-temperature region, excavated; 7) excavate burning things which may cause a fire disaster; 8) cooling; 9) grouting; 10) roll backfill.
Dig the degree of depth according to the Depth determination of combustion centre, excavated rear horse back, with hydrojet machine, the special slurries of the configurations such as water, lime, fire retardant, loess have been ejected into channel bottom and both sides, to reduce pernicious gas, discharge, ensure that construction safety carries out; Then with high pressure slurry pump perfusion fire extinguishing slurries channel bottom, treat that it oozes no longer down, measure temperature lower than critical-temperature after, bottom is pressed lime 3 m3, loess 7 m3, fire retardant 18.6kg stir backfill 50cm, middle spoil, the loess used is pressed the backfill of 1:4 mixture, the thick loess of Surface mulch 50cm, backfilling process layered rolling compacting, dig out cooling after with loess mixing backfill.
Three, excavate and carry out massif after fire extinguishing and cut slope shaping, for different massifs position, adopt specific aim measure to carry out comprehensive system fire extinguishing simultaneously.Specific aim measure is: 1, because hillock cobble accumulation area space is abundant, large area coarse gravel gap forms air door, ventilation oxygen supply meeting fully impels top sulphur iron ore oxidation heat liberation aggravation, for convenience of and safe construction, reducing toxic and harmful overflows, when slope is cut in shaping, the coarse gravel that hillock bottom is exposed, and the flame range of exposing while cutting slope is sprayed fluid injection fire-fighting; 2, in packway inner side and massif middle and lower part have the position of spontaneous combustion sign, adopt trench digging slip casting fire prevention, ring seal fire extinguishing, construction process is: 1) excavation; 2) preparation slurries; 3) bottom of trench slip casting to water does not ooze down; 4) layered rolling backfill.Excavation is of a size of wide 2.0m suitable for reading, end opening 1.4m, degree of depth 2.0m.The special mixing fire prevention mud of water, lime, fire retardant, loess that injection solids content is 5-15%, lowers the temperature rapidly hillock high-temperature region, combustion zone.Excavation segmentation is carried out, and after excavation groove, carries out mortar depositing construction at once, prevents that the condition of a fire from spreading, and slip casting is oozed no longer down to slurries, after thermometric is up to standard, completes slip casting.By lime 3 m3, loess 7 m3, fire retardant 18.6kg mixing backfill, then press the mixture of 1:4 backfill spoil and loess, Surface mulch loess, compaction in layers, forms isolation strip.After slip casting completes, will dig out cooled spoil and by 1:4, mix rear backfill with loess; 3, for fire extinguishing is thorough, encircle toe smothering to administering district.Construction process is: 1) excavation; 2) with mud, to be closed to water non-leakage for bottom of trench; 3) filler of configuration is filled by lower floor; 4) native cash mixture is filled in middle level; 5) upper strata is closely knit with loess.This process will be according to hillock geographical environment of living in, and hillock piles up situation, hillock is divided into zones of different and encircles toe smothering construction.In the larger region of hillock ulking thickness, excavation size: 3m suitable for reading, end opening 1.8m, degree of depth 6m; At hillock toe place, spoil is piled up less region, excavation size: 2m suitable for reading, end opening 1.5m, degree of depth 1m; The region that is bare rock at hillock, does not encircle toe smothering.
Four,, according to spoil mountain fire point position, Temperature Distribution, spoil particle diameter, burning degree, porosity, and massif gradient, length of grade etc., carry out domatic closed allround fire prevention.According to spoil mountain fire point position, Temperature Distribution, spoil particle diameter, burning degree, porosity, and massif gradient, length of grade etc., the domatic three types that is divided into is carried out to totally-enclosed fire extinguishing: 1) do not start hydrolysis area: be distributed in every grade of toe, take coarse granule as main, slip casting be take loess as main, is aided with a small amount of lime; 2) hydrolysis area: backfill after excavating the spoil that digs out in fire extinguishing and loess and stirring; 3) burning later stage district: clear water cooling, take loess as main, be aided with appropriate lime, fire retardant.
Five, stable in order to ensure massif, slope body being cut on the basis of slope classification, also to carry out the drainage system of whole slope body, accelerate the row of runoff to lead, reduce wash away, under ooze, alleviate the harm to slope body.The drainage system of slope body comprises flexible water drainage canal inside packway, deck roof drainage ditch and domatic chute, and flexible water drainage system all adopts the flexible materials such as soil engineering bag, geomembrane, and slope drainage system and original drainage system connect.In addition, packway drainage ditch and domatic between and toe flexible bank protection is set, can effectively reduce rain drop erosion, reply hillock sedimentation, firmly domatic, effectively reduces soil erosion.Flexible bank protection construction method is: every grade of toe is laid two-layer soil engineering bag, and slope body is laid the high plant biological bag of 1m.
After artificial shaping, easily there is sedimentation and deformation in hillock, as adopts mixed earth or stone masonry to construct drainage ditch, very easily ruptures.This programme adopts geomembrane to add the flexible water drainage canal that soil engineering bag is constructed.Drainage ditch specification is depending on orographic condition, drainage ditch construction technology:
1) ditching: lower narrow wide, be regular trapezoidal shape;
2) smooth: smooth at the bottom of canal, be trimmed to arcuation, tamping machine compacting;
3) banket: at the bottom of the loess after pulverizing is filled to smooth good canal, the tamping machine compacting while filling out, after earth filling tamping, thickness is 10cm, prevents that geomembrane is broken at the bottom of smooth canal;
4) lay geomembrane: manually cut satisfactory geomembrane, be laid in water channel and excavate position;
5) Nutrition Soil configuration: by proportioning mixotrophism soil, every square meter material content: turfy soil 9.109kg, core base 0.455 kg, wood-fibred 4.554 kg, fertilizer 6.376 kg, vermiculite 5.1 kg, loess 0.137 kg;
6) Nutrition Soil pack: the pack of mixotrophism soil, require pack nature full, a pier eight minutes is real;
7) soil engineering bag sealing: mention and stretchingly sew up again;
8) soil engineering bag transhipment: do not throw away and do not fall, take advantage of a situation by means of power;
9) soil engineering bag is piled up: after the flat code in bottom is good, at the bottom of canal, keep width 30cm to carry out ground floor and pile up, then with 5cm straggly, successively pile up, pile up and require to fall to normal price, fissure of displacement pressure batch, not nutcracker bulge not;
10) soil engineering bag is piled up whole structure: just seeing that layer upon layer of line line is straight, side is seen along slope smoothness long teeth bulge not.
At the domatic ordinate chute of setting up, adopt geomembrane to add the flexible chute that soil engineering bag is constructed, way is with packway drainage ditch.Packway drainage ditch is connected with ordinate chute and original drainage system, low in platform and the outer height of road finishing.
Flexible slope protection construction
1) main material comprises: turfy soil, wood-fibred, fertilizer, water-loss reducer, vermiculite, loess, soil engineering bag, plant biological bag;
2) pack: pack nature is full, and a pier eight minutes is real;
3) sealing: mention and stretchingly sew up again, suture walks to lock sack;
4) transhipment: do not throw away and do not fall, take advantage of a situation by means of power;
5) pile up: fall to normal price, the fissure of displacement is pressed stubble, not nutcracker bulge not;
6) whole structure: just seeing that layer upon layer of line line is straight, side is seen along slope smoothness long teeth bulge not.
By above hillock system fire extinguishing technological measure, can reach the effect of hillock efficient long-acting fire extinguishing.
Below by embodiment, illustrate.
The embodiment 1 western bent ore deposit of Xishan coal electricity hillock fire extinguishing
One,, according to existing data, utilize the plane of AUTOCAD Software on Drawing hillock present situation.
Two, temperature prospecting
1) generally investigate for the first time thermometric: adopt square method thermometric, platform and domatic thermometric is 2 meters every 3 meters of punching thermometrics, temperature measuring device is electroheat pair, then record gathers; Every some thermometric is averaged for twice, and domatic exploration requires punching perpendicular to domatic, guarantees thermometric depth, and exploration is sequentially for advancing successively from top to bottom;
2) carry out data and tentatively gather, determine secondary temperature-measuring range;
3) on the basis of a thermometric, secondary thermometric is carried out in primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone, investigation depth is 3 meters, and thermometric record gathers respectively;
4) on the basis of secondary thermometric, primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone are carried out to thermometric three times, investigation depth is 4-6 rice, and thermometric record gathers respectively;
5) data secondary gathers, and in conjunction with a thermometric, draws primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone scope on topographic map;
6) exploration Analysis of conclusion, sums up temperature measurement data multianalysis, according to the scope of primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone and the degree of depth, determines the volume of fire extinguishing.
Three, particle diameter distributes and porosity measurement
In primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone, particle diameter distribution and the porosity of regional measured in each arda sampling, and depth selection is respectively 1 meter, 3 meters, 5 meters, mixes and measures.
Particle diameter distributes: particle diameter progression is level Four (Φ≤2cm, 2cm< Φ≤5cm, 5cm< Φ≤10cm, Φ >10cm), and result represents with percentage by weight.
Porosity (n): the percentage of spoil sample mesopore volume and cumulative volume.
Four, region is divided
1) criteria for classifying: primer sector is that 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 4 meters, 5 meters and 6 meters of any degree of depth temperature are more than or equal to the 280 contained regions of degree.Heat-accumulating area is that 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 4 meters, 5 meters and 6 meters of any degree of depth temperature are more than or equal to the region that 90 degree are less than 280 degree, and critical zone is that 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 4 meters, 5 meters and 6 meters of any degree of depth temperature are more than or equal to the region that 80 degree are less than 90 degree.
2) result: this is reconnoitred mountain, Nanping, ore deposit, West hillock, this temperature prospecting gross area is about 21000 square metres, punches altogether 3120; Wherein 2 meters of deep holes are 2400,530 of 3 meters of deep holes, and 100 of 4 meters of deep holes, 60 of 5 meters of deep holes, 30 of 6 meters of deep holes, the accumulative total degree of depth of punching is 7270 meters.
Approximately 5037 square metres of the hillock flame range gross areas are determined in this time exploration, and wherein primer sector area is 855.4 square metres, 2251.5 square metres of heat-accumulating area areas, 130.1 square metres of critical zone areas.
This time thermometric is found six fire areas altogether, specifically reconnoitres result as follows.
Five, particle diameter distributes and porosity
Particle diameter distributes and porosity sample position, and analysis result is in Table (1-3).
Table 1
Distributed data
Porosity n=26.4%
Table 2
Distributed data
Porosity n=30.4%
Table 3
Distributed data
Porosity n=28.2%
Six, fire extinguishing construction
1, spray fluid injection fire-fighting construction
Cobble accumulation area hole is abundant, large area coarse gravel gap forms air door, ventilation oxygen supply meeting fully impels top sulphur iron ore oxidation heat liberation aggravation, for convenience of and safe construction, reduce toxic and harmful and overflow, when utilizing excavator, bull-dozer shaping to cut slope, the thick spoil that spoil bottom is exposed, and the flame range of exposing while cutting slope sprays fluid injection fire-fighting, spraying slip casting area is 3450.96m
2.
2, excavate fire extinguishing construction
For the burning cave of verifying six, take to excavate fire extinguishing.Construction process is: 1) establish warning region, observe wind direction; 2) be equipped with anti-tool, protector; 3) passway for escaping is set; 4) tissue rescue personnel and vehicle; 5) excavation air-vent; 6) by low-temperature space, to high-temperature region, excavated; 7) excavate burning things which may cause a fire disaster; 8) cooling; 9) grouting; 10) roll backfill.
Dig the degree of depth according to the Depth determination of combustion centre, excavated rear horse back, with hydrojet machine, the special slurries of water 1 m3, lime 12.5kg, fire retardant 2.5kg, loess 0.1 m3 configuration have been ejected into channel bottom and both sides, to reduce pernicious gas, discharge, ensure that construction safety carries out.Then with high pressure slurry pump perfusion fire extinguishing slurries channel bottom, treat that it oozes no longer down, measure temperature lower than critical-temperature after, bottom is pressed lime 3 m3, loess 7 m3, fire retardant 18.6kg stir backfill 50cm, middle spoil, the loess used is pressed the rear backfill of 1:4 mixing, Surface mulch loess 50cm, the compacting of backfilling process layered rolling.
Excavate burning things which may cause a fire disaster and shaping and cut slope and can carry out simultaneously, the quantity of slag of digging that burning things which may cause a fire disaster is excavated in body middle and upper part, slope counts shaping and cuts slope construction, and excavating fire extinguishing, to dig the quantity of slag be 5917.95m
3.
3, trench digging fluid injection fire-fighting construction
In packway inner side and massif middle and lower part have the position of spontaneous combustion sign, adopt trench digging fluid injection fire-fighting, ring seal.Construction process is: 1) excavation; 2) preparation slurries; 3) bottom of trench slip casting to water does not ooze down; 4) layered rolling backfill.
Excavation size: wide 2.0m suitable for reading, end opening 1.4m, degree of depth 2.0m.The special mixing fire prevention mud such as the water that injection solids content is 5-15%, lime, fire retardant, loess, lower the temperature rapidly hillock high-temperature region, combustion zone.Excavation segmentation is carried out, and after excavation groove, carries out mortar depositing construction at once, prevents that the condition of a fire from spreading, and slip casting is oozed no longer down to slurries, after thermometric is up to standard, completes slip casting; By lime 3 m3, loess 7 m3, fire retardant 18.6kg mixing backfill, then press the mixture of 1:4 backfill spoil and loess, Surface mulch loess, compaction in layers, forms isolation strip, slip casting completes, will dig out cooled spoil with loess by 1:4 mixing backfill.
Trench digging fluid injection fire-fighting total length is 1229.37m, and within the scope of 150.63m, bottom is rock inside the toe packway at the domatic position two of the fourth stage, and without the slip casting of ditching, digging the quantity of slag is 4179.86m
3.
4, ring toe smothering construction
For putting out a fire thoroughly, to administering district, encircle toe smothering.Construction process is: 1) excavation; 2) with mud, to be closed to water non-leakage for bottom of trench; 3) filler of configuration is filled by lower floor; 4) native cash mixture is filled in middle level; 5) upper strata is closely knit with loess.
According to hillock geographical environment of living in, and hillock is piled up situation, hillock is divided into 3 regions and encircles toe smothering construction: 1) in original drainage ditch east side and the larger region of spoil ulking thickness such as hillock southeast side, excavation size: 1.8m suitable for reading, degree of depth 6m, total length 394m, amount of excavation 5673.6m
3; 2) at hillock toe place spoil, pile up less region, excavation size: 2m suitable for reading, end opening 1.5m, degree of depth 1m, total length 167m, amount of excavation 292.25m
3; 3) within the scope of the toe 54.45m of hillock southwest, be bare rock, do not encircle toe smothering.The total amount of excavation of ring toe smothering is 5965.85m
3.
5, domatic closed allround fire extinguishing construction
According to spoil mountain fire point position, Temperature Distribution, spoil particle diameter, burning degree, porosity, and massif gradient, length of grade etc., the domatic three types that is divided into is carried out to totally-enclosed fire extinguishing: 1) do not start hydrolysis area: be distributed in every grade of toe, take coarse granule as main, slip casting be take loess as main, is aided with a small amount of lime; 2) hydrolysis area: backfill after excavating the spoil that digs out in fire extinguishing and loess and stirring; 3) burning later stage district: clear water cooling, take loess as main, be aided with appropriate lime, fire retardant.
6, fire extinguishing measure for construction safety
In implementing fire extinguishing procedure, must note construction safety, guarantee that engineering carries out smoothly, therefore should note the problem of following aspect:
1) the safe post training of workmen, strengthens awareness of safety, strengthens workmen's safety training before construction, strictly observes safe discipline in work progress;
2) in work progress workmen must wear a gas mask, the safety equipment such as safety cap, in case poisonous gas poisoning causes casualties;
3) wind direction, wind speed and concentration of toxic gases monitoring, carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the wind direction on the same day, wind speed and concentration of toxic gases during construction, guarantees safe construction;
4) domatic safety regulation for operations is strictly followed in domatic construction, as is safety rope, safe wearing cap etc.;
5) in work progress, non-workmen must not enter job site without exception, in order to avoid cause unnecessary casualties and affect construction operation;
6) workmen is carried out to civilized construction education, accomplish each workmen to check scoring, sum up comparation and assessment, goods and materials, machinery, material will be stacked by the position of appointment, stop, and temporary facility requires to set up neat.
7, massif is stablized and fire prevention measure
The stable success or failure that are directly connected to the comprehensive regulation of hillock massif, the simultaneously stable success that guarantees again the lasting and restoration of the ecosystem of fire extinguishing effect of massif.Slope protection works mainly comprises: slope body classification---arrange domatic, the control gradient, build construction road, build drainage ditch, chute, build flexible bank protection.
(1) slope body classification
It is domatic that hillock is divided into Pyatyi, and the overall gradient is no more than 30 ° in principle, and at hillock top, far from border, Project Areas, 17m place stands and has power transmission tower eastwards, for construction safety, corresponding domatic in power transmission tower cement pedestal place is no more than 35 °, every section of domatic length 10-15m, and construction is carried out from top to bottom step by step.Slope control has reduced spoil and has naturally stacked the gradient, so both can make spoil obtain compacting to a certain extent, reduces porosity, can alleviate and wash away erosion again, and stability of the hill is good, for revegetation creates good conditions.
After the body classification of slope, domatic ponding is discharged with domatic classification, and as light rain, domatic rainwater is held back and infiltrated, for plant growth; Meet heavy rain heavy rain, ponding is discharged along inclined-plane classification, can effectively reduce ponding via the lower milliosmolarity of spoil, reduces spoil water-holding capacity, weakens or eliminate the underground water pollution in hillock region.
According to hillock gradient situation, this time improvement is divided into three representative regions:
Region one: on average cut domatic long-pending 164.1m
2, cut slope width average out to 93m; Total is cut slope total amount and is about 15261.3m
3, wherein outer freight volume is about 7651m
3.
Region two: on average cut domatic long-pending 115.1m
2, cut slope width average out to 120m; Total is cut slope total amount and is about 13812m
3.
Region three: on average cut domatic long-pending 130.6m
2, cut slope width average out to 83.7m; Total is cut slope total amount and is about 10931m
3, wherein outer freight volume is about 5465.6m
3.
It is 20022.6m that the total earth volume in slope is cut in this project slope body shaping
3.
(2) build construction road
For easy construction and final-period management (as water, apply fertilizer, pruning etc.) with protect forest and prevent from fire, set up construction road, have a lot of social connections and be designed to 4m in road, overall length 1380m, road loess covers compacting, does not harden.For getting rid of the rainwater of pavement of road and cutting, in road inner side, lay flexible water drainage canal, road is high outside and low outside, and the gradient is 2%.
(3) build drainage system
1) packway flexible water drainage canal: hillock, after artificial shaping, sedimentation and deformation easily occurs, as adopt mixed earth or stone masonry to construct drainage ditch, very easily rupture.This programme adopts geomembrane to add the flexible water drainage canal that soil engineering bag is constructed.
Drainage ditch specification: wide 0.6m suitable for reading, the 0.3m that goes to the bottom, the about 0.4m of the degree of depth, can be according to landform adjustment, and this builds drainage ditch overall length 1380m.
Flexible water drainage canal construction technology:
1. ditching: lower narrow wide, become regular trapezoidal shape, (bottom width 40cm, width 80cm suitable for reading, the dark 60cm of canal);
2. smooth: smooth at the bottom of canal, be modified to arcuation, tamping machine compacting;
3. banket: at the bottom of the loess (without bulk) after pulverizing is filled to smooth good canal, the tamping machine compacting while filling out, after earth filling tamping, thickness is 10cm, prevents that geomembrane is broken at the bottom of smooth canal;
4. lay geomembrane: manually cut satisfactory geomembrane, be laid in water channel and excavate position, every meter of average 1.02m that lays
2;
5. Nutrition Soil configuration: by proportioning mixotrophism soil, every square meter material content: turfy soil 9.109kg, core base 0.455 kg, wood-fibred 4.554 kg, fertilizer 6.376 kg, vermiculite 5.1 kg, loess 0.137 kg;
6. Nutrition Soil pack: the pack of mixotrophism soil, require pack nature full, a pier eight minutes is real;
7. soil engineering bag sealing: mention and stretchingly sew up again;
8. soil engineering bag transhipment: do not throw away and do not fall, take advantage of a situation by means of power;
9. soil engineering bag is piled up: after the flat code in bottom is good, at the bottom of canal, keep width 30cm to carry out ground floor and pile up, then with 5cm straggly, successively pile up, pile up and require to fall to normal price, fissure of displacement pressure batch, not nutcracker bulge not;
10. soil engineering bag is piled up whole structure: just seeing that layer upon layer of line line is straight, side is seen along slope smoothness long teeth bulge not.
Packway flexible water drainage canal is connected with original drainage system on longitudinal drainage canal, road drainage system and ore deposit, low in platform and the outer height of road finishing.
2) chute: at the domatic ordinate chute of setting up, adopt geomembrane to add the flexible chute that soil engineering bag is constructed, way is with packway drainage ditch, chute overall length 180m.
Packway flexible water drainage canal is connected with ordinate chute and original drainage system.
According to above design, the hillock intensity of a fire is thoroughly extinguished, and for next step revegetation, has created good basis, does not find resume combustion phenomenon.
Claims (9)
1. a coal gangue hill system extinguishing method, is characterized in that, according to following steps, carries out:
Observe the condition of a fire and lay point for measuring temperature and determine ignition point, determining that particle diameter distributes and porosity, the employing of burning cave being excavated to fire extinguishing and process; Carry out massif and cut slope shaping, cutting on the basis of slope shaping, the thick spoil that hillock bottom is exposed and the flame range of exposing while cutting slope shaping are sprayed fluid injection fire-fighting; In packway inner side and massif middle and lower part have the position of spontaneous combustion sign, adopt trench digging slip casting fire prevention; To administering district, encircle toe smothering; To domatic, carry out totally-enclosed fire extinguishing; Drainage system is set.
2. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: whole process is utilized thermocouple temperature measurement, and thermometric process is carried out successively according to the order of " punching---thermocouple inserts in the hole---wait for 7-10 minute---thermometric---record "; Surveying method adopts " isosceles triangle " thermometry, and thermometric is carried out in high temperature, combustion zone, and every 6m punching thermometric, thermometer hole is scattered in isosceles triangle; According to temperature measurement data last time, the point for measuring temperature that is greater than 80 ℃ around temperature, reduces the interval of punching gradually afterwards, increases thermometric depth, approaches ignition point, determines scope and the degree of depth of primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone.
3. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described definite particle diameter distributes and porosity refers to that the particle diameter of each arda sampling mensuration regional in primer sector, heat-accumulating area and critical zone distributes and porosity.
4. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: excavated rear horse back, with hydrojet machine, the slurries of water 0.5-1.5m3, lime 12-13kg, fire retardant 2-3 kg, loess 0.05-0.15 m3 configuration have been ejected into channel bottom and both sides; Then with high pressure slurry pump perfusion, put out a fire slurries to channel bottom, treat that it oozes no longer down, measure temperature lower than critical-temperature after, bottom is pressed lime 2-4 m3, loess 6-8 m3, fire retardant 18-19 kg stirs backfill, the middle spoil of using mixes rear backfill with loess by 1:4, Surface mulch loess, the compacting of backfilling process layered rolling.
5. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described trench digging fluid injection fire-fighting, after excavation, injected water 0.5-1.5 m3, lime 12-13 kg, fire retardant 2-3 kg, loess 0.05-0.15 m3 mix fire prevention mud, hillock high-temperature region, combustion zone are lowered the temperature rapidly, excavation segmentation is carried out, the laggard row mortar depositing construction of excavation groove, and slip casting is oozed no longer down to slurries, after thermometric is up to standard, complete slip casting; By lime, loess, fire retardant mixing backfill, the mixture of backfill spoil and loess then, Surface mulch loess, compaction in layers, forms isolation strip.
6. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described to administering district, to encircle toe smothering be to carry out according to following steps:
A, excavation; B, that bottom of trench is closed to water with mud is non-leakage; The filler of configuration is filled by c, lower floor; Native cash mixture is filled in d, middle level; E, upper strata use loess closely knit.
7. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: describedly to domatic, carry out totally-enclosed fire extinguishing and refer to according to spoil mountain fire point position, Temperature Distribution, spoil particle diameter, burning degree, porosity, and the massif gradient, length of grade, the domatic three types that is divided into is carried out:
A, do not start hydrolysis area: be distributed in every grade of toe; With the mixture of loess 6-8m3 and lime 2-4m3, carry out slip casting covering;
B, hydrolysis area: by backfill after excavating the spoil that digs out in fire extinguishing and loess and stirring by 1:4;
C, burning later stage district: clear water cooling, covers after mixing with loess 6-8 m3, lime 2-4 m3, fire retardant 18-19 kg.
8. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described drainage system comprises flexible water drainage canal and longitudinal drainage canal, and flexible water drainage canal is connected with original drainage system on road drainage system and ore deposit with longitudinal drainage canal.
9. a kind of coal gangue hill system extinguishing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: burning cave is adopted and excavating that fire extinguishing is processed and massif is cut slope shaping and carried out simultaneously.
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