CN106437719B - The restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin - Google Patents
The restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin Download PDFInfo
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- CN106437719B CN106437719B CN201510475806.0A CN201510475806A CN106437719B CN 106437719 B CN106437719 B CN 106437719B CN 201510475806 A CN201510475806 A CN 201510475806A CN 106437719 B CN106437719 B CN 106437719B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of restorative procedures in mining subsidence basin, including 1) being repaired to Collapse Pit existing in subsidence basin, step-like deformation, the deformation biggish Collapse Pit of the gradient, to eliminate Collapse Pit, the additional gradient and surface cracks, to make the surface configuration of restoring area with periphery, other original forms are consistent；2) after repairing subsidence basin, sold stowing is carried out to the subsidence basin after the reparation using coal mine solid waste, to repair the original surface configuration of coal mine；3) according to the geography of subsidence basin, geological conditions, woods, the careless vegetation of subsidence basin suitable planting is determined, artificial pasture and forest land or shrub land are built.The restorative procedure effectively repairs mining subsidence basin the problems of geo-environment, is effectively improved coal mine ecological environment；It adequately protects and utilizes to topsoil, it is greatly possible to repair original geological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the reparation of mining, soil and mine geological environment and the technical fields such as utilize, more particularly to one
Kind coal mine gets deeply stuck in the restorative procedure in basin.
Background technique
Coal Resource Development is that China's economic development is made that tremendous contribution.China's Environmental Problems in Mines highlights in recent years,
Contradiction between development of resources and national economy and Mining Environment Conservation gradually intensifies.
Since last century the seventies " human environment meeting ", mine environment reparation have become inquire into the world it is important
Subject under discussion.Many Mining Developments developed country earlier, gropes mine environment by many years, gradually sort out development of resources with
The experience of Mining Environment Conservation coordinated development, is paid attention to management of mine environment, emphasizes " to be controlled " with " pipe " generation.China's mine environment reparation
Work is carried out to be paid much attention to by country for many years, and state revenue in 2009~2013 years is put into terms of mine geological environment reparation
Funds exceed 21,000,000,000 yuan.
China's mine environment repair is presented disturbance, and destructive factor is more, complicated mechanism, problem types are more, distribution area
Extensively, the features such as difficulty is big is repaired.Domestic and international experts and scholars are using classification, statistic law, cognition method, administrative law, Geologic modeling, work
The methods of journey numerical simulation and engineering analog method, from dynamic geology, mining engineering, engineering geology, environmental geology, calamity
The different fields such as evil geology, hydrogeology carry out multidisciplinary research to mine environment.But China is at present in individual event coal mine
The system integration of geological environment recovery technique simultaneously forms mining subsidence basin reparation mode aspect still according to geological environment of coal mine condition
In blank.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, repairing effect it is an object of the invention to propose that a kind of coal mine gets deeply stuck in the restorative procedure in basin to improve
Fruit.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin provided by the invention the following steps are included:
1) Collapse Pit existing in subsidence basin, step-like deformation, the deformation biggish Collapse Pit of the gradient are repaired, with
Collapse Pit, the additional gradient and surface cracks are eliminated, to make the surface configuration and other original forms one of periphery of restoring area
It causes；
2) after repairing subsidence basin, closely knit fill is carried out to the subsidence basin after the reparation using coal mine solid waste
It fills out, to repair the original surface configuration of coal mine；
3) according to the geography of subsidence basin, geological conditions, woods, the careless vegetation of subsidence basin suitable planting is determined, people is built
Work meadow and forest land or shrub land.
In some embodiments of the invention, the restorative procedure further include:
4) subsidence basin for lacking or having local pollution to soil fertility, by putting into pollution to by contaminated soil
Object degradation bacteria or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, to promote the reparation of subsidence basin restoring area vegetation.
In some embodiments of the invention, the step 1) includes:
5 meters of Collapse Pit is less than or equal to for depth, by gangue refill to Collapse Pit, for depth collapsing greater than 5 meters
Pitfall is bulldozed from the Collapse Pit outer edge region to hole bottom direction and backfills Collapse Pit operation, terminates the operation gradient and original
Subsidence basin gradient angle is less than 15 °；
For deforming the biggish Collapse Pit of the gradient, slow down Collapse Pit crater wall along deformation tendency Collapse Pit, by crater wall
On soil push-in basin bottom backfilled, the angle of the new boundary of subsidence basin and former subsidence basin original boundaries is less than 15 °；
When such ground cleave is sewed with obvious vertical displacement or the vertical changing of the relative positions, ground cleave is repaired using the method for grout filling
Seam, or the outer edge of the step deformation ground fissure from the vertical changing of the relative positions are bulldozed to ground fissure direction, and soil is made to be pushed into gap
In, the operation gradient and former subsidence basin gradient angle are terminated less than 15 °.
In some embodiments of the invention, the step 2) includes:
The surface soil in subsidence basin restoring area is removed, and to 15~20m of outer edge extension of subsidence basin；
According to deforming depth it is different from basin maximum chord length ratio by subsidence basin be divided into I class be deforming depth and basin most
Big chord ratio >=0.6, II class are that deforming depth and basin maximum chord length are more maximum than 0.1~0.6, Group III deforming depth and basin
Chord ratio < 0.1, I class subsidence basin need 3 layers and the backfill of the above earth's surface, and II class subsidence basin needs 2 layers and the backfill of the above earth's surface,
Group III subsidence basin needs 1 layer or more earth's surface backfill；
Use the subsidence basin behind the crack and backfill spoil at cement slurry or high-water material injection subsidence basin edge
The crack of edge is fills up to visible filler liquid level in crack；
Surface soil repetition is carried out on top layer backfill layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the topsoil stripping depth is 100~800mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the surface soil accumulation deposit after the removing, every circumferential direction surface soil stack region spray
Water is no less than 3 times, and unit area spraying time is no less than 20 seconds, and amount of water sprayed is 4~6 square metres of surface soil/cubic meter of water.
In some embodiments of the invention, the coal mine solid waste is selected from least one of spoil, flyash,
Wherein the spoil is selected from taupe spoil and red spoil, and black spoil ingredient is lower than 5%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the I class subsidence basin at least divides 3 layers of backfill, and bottom backfills spoil, thickness
Always to backfill height 65%~70%, compactness 85%~90%；Middle layer backfills the mixture of spoil and sand, wherein sandstone
Content 28~35%, with a thickness of total backfill height 15%~18%, compactness 90%~93%；Upper layer backfills spoil, clay
Mixture, wherein clay content 50%~55%, backfills height 12%~15%, compactness 80%~83% with a thickness of total；
The II class subsidence basin at least divides 2 layers of backfill, and bottom backfills spoil, and thickness about total backfill height 72%~
75%, compactness 85%~88%；The second layer backfills the mixture of spoil, sand and clay, with a thickness of total backfill height 25%
~28%, wherein spoil content 50%~55%, compactness 90%~92%；
The Group III subsidence basin backfills the mixture of spoil, sand and clay, wherein spoil content 70%~75%,
Compactness 90%~92%.
In some embodiments of the invention, for pinching formula crack, direct slip casting；For through crack, first use
Spoil is filled as gap skeleton, and spoil diameter is not more than 5cm, then there is stable slurries liquid to spoil gap slip casting to earth's surface
Until face.
In some embodiments of the invention, the surface soil repetition step includes:
Topsoil, which is coated with, on top layer backfill layer repeats layer, the surface soil removed before backfilling needs repeatedly layering to repeat, until
Few 3 layers are repeatedly performed, and total to repeat with a thickness of 200~400mm, subsidence basin neighboring area repetition surface soil is gradually thinning, until with
The original surface soil of surrounding is overlapped.
From the above it can be seen that the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin provided by the invention utilizes coal mine itself solid waste
Subsidence basin restoring area mine geological environment is remolded and repairs, compared with existing individual event subsidence basin recovery technique, the present invention
It shows following advantage: effectively repairing mining subsidence basin the problems of geo-environment, be effectively improved coal mine ecological environment；To topsoil
It adequately protects and utilizes, it is greatly possible to repair original geological environment；To being embodied in the reparation of subsidence basin damage to land point
Layer backfill thinking, has manually remolded the geological environment of coal mine being destroyed；Can " bridge effectively be constructed with later period coal mine restoration of the ecosystem
Beam " provides safeguard for later period restoration of the ecosystem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the Q class Collapse Pit backfill in the mining subsidence basin of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of the S class Collapse Pit backfill in the mining subsidence basin of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view that the gradient in the mining subsidence basin of the embodiment of the present invention slows down front and back；
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of the reparation step deformation ground fissure in the mining subsidence basin of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view after the mining subsidence basin backfill of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view backfilled after the gradient in the mining subsidence basin of the embodiment of the present invention slows down；
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view that the ground fissure spoil gap of the embodiment of the present invention is repaired.
Figure label is expressed as follows: 1- bottom backfills layer, and layer is backfilled among 2-, and 3- top layer backfills layer, 4- topsoil weight
Coating；5- Collapse Pit crater wall and Collapse Pit hole bottom crack, 6- Collapse Pit backfill position, the angle of the new and old ground 7- surface and interface, 8- are new
Ground surface and interface, 9- original subsidence basin ground surface and interface, 10- step deformation ground fissure.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
As an embodiment of the present invention, by taking the reparation of two mine subsidence basin of wild goose as an example, two mine of wild goose is (hereinafter referred to as
" two mines ") it is domestic positioned at Inner Mongol northeast Ewenkezu Autonomous Banner, belong to the continental semiarid climate of cool temperature zone.The mine coal-bearing strata
For Yi Min group and the lower part Damoguaihe Formation of uniting under the Cretaceous System of the Mesozoic group, 70~290m of main mining coal seam buried depth, Roof rock feature is fine sand
Rock, siltstone.The current mining method of the coal mine is that comprehensive put back to of mechanization is adopted, and roof control mode is to subside method entirely.Two mines are in upper
The eighties started exploitation, in 2011 closed hole century.The Environ-geological Problems that two mines are primarily present be subsidence basin,
Stack land occupation in discharge refuse field.Two mine subsidence basin deflection about 1.0~1.9m, according to vertical deformation and basin maximum chord length than classifying
Belong to I class.Two mine subsidence basin peripheries grassland go to pot, and former undulated surface configuration seriously destroys, and the main traffics such as 301 national highways are dry
Line destroys serious；Main waste types are gangue before two mine mines close hole, and about 30,000 tons of solid waste annual output, power plant and brick field are every
Year utilizes about 10,000 tons, and remaining heap is stored in two mine discharge refuse fields, occupied area about 0.39km2。
According to two mine geologic setting of wild goose, mineral resources type, mining method and roof and floor way to manage and exploitation
Depression type, it is contemplated that two mines menostasis hole and subsidence basin has tended to surely to sink state at present, original surface configuration is low massif
Mound, the restorative procedure that mining subsidence basin provided by the invention can be used are repaired, specifically, the mining subsidence basin
Restorative procedure the following steps are included:
1) regions such as Collapse Pit existing in subsidence basin, step-like deformation, the deformation biggish Collapse Pit of the gradient are carried out
Landform finishing, to eliminate Collapse Pit, the additional gradient, surface cracks, to make the surface configuration and other originals of periphery of restoring area
Have that form is consistent, while achieving the purpose that conducive to mechanized construction.
1. Collapse Pit backfills
Referring to Fig. 1, (Q class collapses the Collapse Pit for the depth of association in subsidence basin generation area less than or equal to 5 meters
Hole), can use small-sized Transport Machinery (such as truck, baby tractor) will be in gangue refill to Collapse Pit.Preferably with point
Layer puddled backfill, is backfilled to the elevation of ground surface soil bottom.Maximum single layer backfill is with a thickness of 50cm.As shown in Figure 1,5 be to collapse
Pitfall crater wall and Collapse Pit cheat bottom crack, and 6 backfill position for Collapse Pit.
Referring to fig. 2,5 meters of Collapse Pit (S class Collapse Pit) is greater than for depth, can use Bulldozer, (such as forklift is dug
Vehicle etc.) it is bulldozed from the Collapse Pit outer edge region to hole bottom direction and backfills Collapse Pit operation, terminate the operation gradient and original
Subsidence basin gradient angle is less than 15 °.As shown in Fig. 2, 6 backfill position for Collapse Pit, 8 be new ground surface and interface after bulldozing, 9
For former subsidence basin surface and interface, 7 be the angle of new and old ground surface and interface.Optionally, farthest from the Collapse Pit outer edge to bulldozing
Distance be 2.5-3 times of the Collapse Pit diameter.
2. slowing down the gradient of subsidence basin
For the biggish Collapse Pit of the gradient is deformed in subsidence basin, Collapse Pit can be made to cheat along deformation tendency Collapse Pit
Wall slows down, and referring to Fig. 3, the new boundary of subsidence basin is the crater wall after slowing down.It can be directly by the soil push-in basin bottom in crater wall
Portion is backfilled.Preferably, the angle of the new boundary of subsidence basin and former subsidence basin original boundaries is less than 15 °.It needs to illustrate
It is that the deformation biggish Collapse Pit of the gradient refers to that the gradient of the subsidence basin is more precipitous, and machinery equipment etc. is not easy to be directly entered this
Subsidence basin carries out operation, and therefore, it is necessary to slow down the gradient of the subsidence basin.
3. repairing step deformation ground fissure
Referring to fig. 4, ground fissure is developed on subsidence basin periphery, and how linear ground fissure is or cyclic annular at this, when such ground fissure
When having obvious vertical displacement or the vertical changing of the relative positions (forming step deformation ground fissure 10), it can be repaired using the method for grout filling
Multiple ground fissure 10 also can use Bulldozer (such as forklift digs vehicle) from the outer of the step deformation ground fissure 10 of the vertical changing of the relative positions
Edge is bulldozed to 10 direction of ground fissure and (terminates the operation gradient and former subsidence basin gradient angle less than 15 °), and soil is pushed away
Enter in gap 10, achieve the purpose that repair ground fissure 10, restoration of the ecosystem work is carried out after repairing in favor of engineering.
2) after repairing subsidence basin, closely knit fill is carried out to the subsidence basin after the reparation using coal mine solid waste
It fills out, to repair the original surface configuration of coal mine.
Specifically, which may further include:
1. subsidence basin restoring area solid waste is cleared
It, need to be if being distributed in subsidence basin restoring area because Human dried bloodstains accumulate remaining solid waste etc.
Geological environment recovery project main body, which is all cleared before starting to design, stacks area, and design stacks region area and is up to initial pile product
Area 1/3, during clearing and secondary accumulation place need to prevent environmental disruption.
2. subsidence basin restoring area topsoil stripping
The surface soil in subsidence basin restoring area is removed, and to outer edge 15~20m of extension of subsidence basin, topsoil stripping
Depth is advisable with 100~600mm, if surface soil thickness is greater than the peelable 800mm in the region 1000mm.It can heap accumulation after topsoil stripping
It puts, every circumferential direction surface soil is stacked region water spray no less than 3 times, and unit area spraying time is no less than 20s.The effect of this step is
Reduce the destruction and forfeiture of nutritional ingredient after restoring area topsoil disturbs.Optionally, amount of water sprayed is 5 square metres of surface soils/vertical
Fang meter Shui.Optionally, amount of water sprayed is 5.5 square metres of surface soil/cubic meter of water.Optionally, amount of water sprayed be 6 square metres of surface soils/cube
Meter Shui.
3. subsidence basin region is reconnoitred and subregion
Deforming depth, the deformation gradient, deformed area maximal side or chord length are found out by preliminry basic research in subsidence basin region,
Preliminry basic research marks Subsidence Range using lime and establishes distinguishing mark object in center.It is maximum according to deforming depth and basin
Subsidence basin is divided by the difference of chord ratio: I class (>=0.6), II class (0.1~0.6), Group III (< 0.1).Referring to Fig. 5 and figure
6, in the present embodiment, I class subsidence basin need 3 layers and the above earth's surface backfill, i.e., by bottom to top successively backfill bottom backfill layer 1,
Centre backfill layer 2 and top layer backfill layer 3, and II class subsidence basin needs 2 layers and the backfill of the above earth's surface, i.e., by bottom to top successively backfill
Between backfill layer 2 and top layer and backfill layer 3, Group III subsidence basin needs 1 layer or more earth's surface backfill, i.e. backfill top layer backfills layer 3.
Optionally, the coal mine solid waste is selected from least one of spoil, flyash.Spoil screening, backfills cash
Stone: spoil uses after needing sorting, screening, preferably taupe spoil and red spoil, and wherein black spoil ingredient is lower than 5% (matter
Measure percentage).
I class subsidence basin at least divides 3 layers of backfill, and bottom backfills spoil, with a thickness of total backfill height 65%~70%, compacting
Degree 85%~90%；Middle layer backfills the mixture of spoil and sand, wherein gravel content 28~35%, high with a thickness of total backfill
Degree 15%~18%, compactness 90%~93%；Upper layer backfill spoil, clay mixture, wherein clay content 50%~
55%, with a thickness of total backfill height 12%~15%, compactness 80%~83%.By percentage to the quality.
II class subsidence basin at least divides 2 layers of backfill, and bottom backfills spoil, and thickness is about total to backfill height 72%~75%,
Compactness 85%~88%；The mixture of second layer backfill spoil, sand and clay, thickness about always backfill highly 25%~
28%, wherein spoil content 50%~55%, compactness 90%~92%.By percentage to the quality.
Group III subsidence basin backfills the mixture of spoil, sand and clay, wherein spoil content 70%~75%, compacting
Degree 90%~92%.By percentage to the quality.
The effect of this step is to remold geological environment structure, realizes the reparation to restoring area surface water environment, ensure
Later period restoration of the ecosystem can be realized effectively.
4. cement slurry or high-water material inject ground fissure spoil gap
Cement mortar or cement mixed mortar or high-water material that use intensity grade is M7.5 (or ultrahigh water material
Material) crack at subsidence basin edge and the crack of the subsidence basin edge after backfill spoil are filled, being fills up in crack can
See stable filler liquid level.
Referring to Fig. 7, fills crack and be divided into pinching formula crack (A class crack) and two kinds of through crack (B class crack), A class
Crack influence depth is not up to coal cutting roadway top plate, does not constitute security implication to coal mining activity, A class crack is repaired and can directly be infused
Slurry, until slip casting to the visible stable slurries page of earth's surface.B class crack influence depth is to coal cutting roadway top plate, the crack slip casting of B class
Preceding that spoil is used to fill as gap skeleton, spoil diameter is not more than 5cm, until slip casting to earth's surface has stable slurries liquid level.
5. surface soil repeats
Referring to figs. 5 and 6, subsidence basin restoring area need to be coated with surface soil again, i.e., be coated with surface layer on top layer backfill layer 3
Soil repeats layer 4, and the surface soil removed before backfilling will repeatedly be layered repetition, and at least 3 layers are repeatedly performed, total to repeat with a thickness of 300mm
Left and right, subsidence basin neighboring area repeats surface soil can be gradually thinning, until being completely coincident with original surface soil around.
3) according to geography, geological conditions such as restoring area meteorology, the hydrology, land occupation condition and soil, subsidence basin is determined
The woods of restoring area suitable planting, careless vegetation, build artificial pasture and forest land or shrub land.
Vegetation repair will meet local ecological rule, by taking Inner Mongol area and northeast some areas as an example, as longitude changes,
It is planted from the east orientation west property of can choose: black birch, hazel shrubbery, Mongolian oak, Stipa grandis, sheep's hay, K-wire tension band, small Stipa capillata, short floricome
Thatch, Stipa glareosa, wormwood artemisia class, caragana class, pearl bavin, continuous thorn, red sand, sacsaoul, overlord etc..
1 Inner Mongol of table and northeast some areas subsidence basin restoration of the ecosystem list
4) lack or lack to soil fertility or have the subsidence basin of local pollution to soil fertility, such as drift-sand or
Underground water seriously destroys and rainfall is less than the area 50mm, improves soil using bioremediation technology.By to being polluted
Soil investment contaminant degradation bacterium (main select AM fungi) or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi promote subsidence basin restoring area vegetation
Reparation.
Two mine of wild goose selects the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin provided by the invention, it is intended to repairing mine and neighboring area
Original surface configuration efficiently uses gangue, reduces solid waste accumulation.Two mines have closed hole for many years, and subsidence basin has tended towards stability, ground
It is contrasted after table form recovery project with pre-existing topography, modify landform but keeps collapsing rear hills form, do not see depression basin substantially
The range on ground.
As described above, the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin provided by the invention has the advantages that
(1) local collapse hole, ground fissure backfill: the development of two mine local collapses hole, using two mine spoils by division result point
Layer backfills Collapse Pit and ground fissure, tamps after Local topography Collapse Pit gangue refill, basic to repair the original surface configuration of two mines.
(2) part subsidence basin modify: two mines are located in high latitude area, and annual rainfall is larger, original vegetation based on grass,
Have surface configuration according to damage to land to the restoring area gradient and surface soil repetition thickness etc. suitably to repair.To the land subsidence gradient
Slow down landform with gangue refill and outer haul volume, to hole under the premise of not changing original main surface configuration in biggish area
Depression take back fill and lead up it is whole；To the soil improvement of unfavorable vegetation growth location, such as lack the gangue refill Collapse Pit for repeating surface soil and
It is unfavorable for sowing herbage or planting the poor nutritionals soils such as trees being repeated with mellow soil.
(3) woods, meadow are repaired: being utilized woods grass mixed planting method land restoration, guaranteed that mining area vegetation group is abundant and ecological
Repairing effect.
(4) a kind of mining subsidence basin reparation mode for integrating a variety of subsidence basin recovery techniques, description are formed
Form is " local collapse hole, ground fissure backfill+subsidence basin backfill+prepartion of land reparation+subsidence basin local area ecological reparation ",
It can be applied to similar mining subsidence basin to repair.
It should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: the discussion of any of the above embodiment is exemplary only, not
It is intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including claim) is limited to these examples；Under thinking of the invention, above embodiments
Or it can also be combined between the technical characteristic in different embodiments, and there are different aspects present invention as described above
Many other variations, in order to it is concise they do not provided in details.Therefore, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention,
Any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement for being made etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin, which comprises the following steps:
1) Collapse Pit existing in subsidence basin, step-like deformation are repaired, to eliminate Collapse Pit, the additional gradient and ground
Table crack, to make the surface configuration of restoring area with periphery, other original forms are consistent；
2) after repairing subsidence basin, sold stowing is carried out to the subsidence basin after reparation using coal mine solid waste, to repair
The multiple original surface configuration of coal mine；
3) according to the geography of subsidence basin, geological conditions, woods, the careless vegetation of subsidence basin suitable planting is determined, Artificial grass is built
Ground and forest land；
Wherein, the step 1) includes:
It is less than or equal to 5 meters of Collapse Pit for depth, by gangue refill to Collapse Pit, 5 meters of Collapse Pit is greater than for depth,
It is bulldozed from Collapse Pit outer edge region to hole bottom direction and backfills Collapse Pit operation, terminate the operation gradient and former subsidence basin
Gradient angle is less than 15 °；
For the deformation biggish Collapse Pit of the gradient, slow down Collapse Pit crater wall along deformation tendency Collapse Pit, it will be in crater wall
Soil push-in basin bottom is backfilled, and the angle of the new boundary of subsidence basin and former subsidence basin original boundaries is less than 15 °, the change
The biggish Collapse Pit of the shape gradient refers to that the gradient of subsidence basin is more precipitous, and machinery equipment is not easy to the Collapse Pit being directly entered；
When such ground cleave is sewed with obvious vertical displacement or the vertical changing of the relative positions, ground fissure is repaired using the method for grout filling, or
Person bulldozes from the outer edge of the step deformation ground fissure of the vertical changing of the relative positions to ground fissure direction, is pushed into soil in gap, eventually
Only less than 15 °, such ground fissure refers to that ground fissure is developed on subsidence basin periphery for the operation gradient and former subsidence basin gradient angle,
How linear ground fissure is or cyclic annular at this.
2. the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the restorative procedure also wraps
It includes:
4) subsidence basin for lacking or having local pollution to soil fertility, by putting into pollutant drop to by contaminated soil
Bacterium or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi are solved, to promote the reparation of subsidence basin restoring area vegetation.
3. the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2 includes:
The surface soil in subsidence basin restoring area is removed, and to 15~20m of outer edge extension of subsidence basin；
Subsidence basin is divided into I class for deforming depth and basin largest chord according to deforming depth is different from basin maximum chord length ratio
It than 0.1~0.6, Group III is deforming depth and basin largest chord that long ratio >=0.6, II class, which are deforming depth and basin maximum chord length,
Long than < 0.1, I class subsidence basin needs 3 layers and the backfill of the above earth's surface, and II class subsidence basin needs 2 layers and the backfill of the above earth's surface, III
Class subsidence basin needs 1 layer or more earth's surface backfill；
Use the subsidence basin edge behind the crack and backfill spoil at cement slurry or high-water material injection subsidence basin edge
The crack at place is fills up to visible filler liquid level in crack；
Surface soil repetition is carried out on top layer backfill layer.
4. the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin according to claim 3, which is characterized in that topsoil stripping depth is 100
~800mm.
5. the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the surface soil heap after removing accumulates
It puts, every circumferential direction surface soil is stacked region water spray no less than 3 times, and unit area spraying time is no less than 20 seconds, and amount of water sprayed is 4~6 flat
Square rice surface soil/cubic meter of water.
6. the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the I class subsidence basin is extremely
Divide 3 layers of backfill less, bottom backfills spoil, with a thickness of total backfill height 65%~70%, compactness 85%~90%；Middle layer backfills cash
The mixture of stone and sand, wherein gravel content 28~35%, backfill height 15%~18%, compactness 90%~93% with a thickness of total；
Upper layer backfills the mixture of spoil, clay, wherein clay content 50%~55%, with a thickness of total backfill height 12%~15%, compacting
Degree 80%~83%；
The II class subsidence basin at least divides 2 layers of backfill, and bottom backfills spoil, with a thickness of total backfill height 72%~75%, compacting
Degree 85%~88%；The second layer backfills the mixture of spoil, sand and clay, backfills height 25%~28% with a thickness of total, wherein cash
Stone content 50%~55%, compactness 90%~92%；
The Group III subsidence basin backfills the mixture of spoil, sand and clay, wherein spoil content 70%~75%, compactness
90%~92%.
7. the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin according to claim 3, which is characterized in that for pinching formula crack, directly
Connect slip casting；For through crack, spoil is first used to fill as gap skeleton, spoil diameter is not more than 5cm, then to spoil
Until gap slip casting to earth's surface has stable slurries liquid level.
8. the restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the surface soil repeats step packet
It includes:
Topsoil, which is coated with, on top layer backfill layer repeats layer, the surface soil removed before backfilling needs repeatedly layering to repeat, and at least 3 layers
It is repeatedly performed, total to repeat with a thickness of 200~400mm, it is gradually thinning that subsidence basin neighboring area repeats surface soil, until with former around
Beginning surface soil is overlapped.
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| CN201510475806.0A CN106437719B (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | The restorative procedure in mining subsidence basin |
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| CN114483171B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-12-09 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Buried pipe backfill bottom sealing grouting method for karst collapse treatment |
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