CN103039147B - Reclamation method for sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions - Google Patents

Reclamation method for sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions Download PDF

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CN103039147B
CN103039147B CN201310003714.3A CN201310003714A CN103039147B CN 103039147 B CN103039147 B CN 103039147B CN 201310003714 A CN201310003714 A CN 201310003714A CN 103039147 B CN103039147 B CN 103039147B
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soil
paddy field
mound
crack
backfill
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CN103039147A (en
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胡振琪
李晓静
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Abstract

The invention relates to a reclamation method for a sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions and belongs to the technical field of improvement and utilization of environment, ecology and damaged fields. The method includes: performing topsoil stripping to fissured positions where fissures are created by mining sinking and lead to water leakage of the paddy field; covering water holding materials on fissured areas after topsoil stripping; compacting the covered water holding materials, pouring slurry and standing; performing topsoil backfilling and grinding to the fissured areas after slurry pouring and standing, and flattening to enable the fissured areas to be a whole with pieces of the paddy field around the fissured areas; and irrigating, nourishing and improving the paddy field after backfilling and grinding. By the method, the cultivation land where the fissures are created by mining sinking and lead to water leakage of the paddy field can restore the paddy field utilization mode and reach production level of a normal paddy field as soon as possible, a stable self-maintaining farmland ecological system can be formed, a paddy field protecting system can be formed, soil microbial content can be increased, physicochemical property of soil can be improved, and benign farmland ecological system circulation can be formed.

Description

A kind of coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region reclamation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment, ecology and discarded ground improvement and utility technical field, particularly crack, mountain region coal-mining subsidence paddy field reclamation method.
Background technology
China coal resource distribution be mainly distributed in, east, west area, the coal resources important distribution of its southwest and center area in Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, the ground such as Sichuan, southwest is rice in China distribution one of area the most widely simultaneously, is coal-grain recombination region that Chinese area is larger.Taking in progress of coal mining, damaging a large amount of arable land has been undisputable fact.National economic development and human survival unavoidably display in each coal-grain recombination region area the contradiction of the requirement of grain-production.Coordinate contradiction between the two, while coal mining urgees economic development, guarantee grain-production on the ground normally carry out most important.
The such as Mountain Area of Southwest such as Chongqing, Yunnan-Guizhou, coal mine subsidence land infringement causes a large amount of soil to be destroyed, as surface subsidence hole, crack etc., wherein coal mine subsidence land causes crack, paddy field, and it is comparatively general to cause the normal grain-production function of destruction of leaking, and damage area, rely on the automatic recovery ability of farmland sysrem, cannot be realized it and repair.Think through initial analysis, the major part paddy field leakage cause that leaks is that under earth's surface, crack causes, and occurs crack because coal-mining subsidence affects paddy field topsoil, and cause the moisture holding capacity of paddy field topsoil to be destroyed, paddy field leaks.Under determining the prerequisite of leaking area, consider the maintained factor of environment and field ecosystem, crack, coal-mining subsidence paddy field of reclaiming is crucial.In the theoretical research and actual repair in this field, all do not have good conclusion or way at present, therefore reclaim in crack, mountain area coal mine subsidence land paddy field is the emphasis that current coal mine subsidence land is reclaimed, and is also a job highly significant.
The applicant for the seismic arable land that subsides, invents a kind of reclamation method of subsided farm land after earthquake disaster, and patented power, disclosed in this patent, method comprises: carry out topsoil stripping to the seismic arable land that subsides; The region that subsides after peeling off is filled and initially shaped; The region that subsides after preliminary shaping is carried out isolated material covering and rolled; To the region earthing that subsides covered after isolated material, shaping further; Biological modification engineering is carried out to the region that subsides after earthing shaping.This invention can make the arable land by eaerthquake damage recover utilize and reach the higher level level of production as early as possible, form the stable field ecosystem from maintenance, improve edaphon content, the physicochemical property of improvement soil, form the advantages such as optimum field ecosystem circulation, but be applied in have obvious deficiency in coal mining subsidence area paddy field: do not relate in reclaiming in the paddy field that leaks; Detailed not etc. in the native protection of table.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for solving an above-mentioned difficult problem, a kind of Mountain Area of Southwest coal-mining subsidence paddy field reclamation method is proposed, be intended to administer coal-mining subsidence cause crack and cause the arable land that paddy field leaks, and rebuild depression ground paddy field stable certainly maintain field ecosystem, form paddy field water retention system, improve edaphon content, the physicochemical property of improvement soil, form the circulation of optimum field ecosystem.
Crack, a kind of Mountain Area of Southwest coal-mining subsidence paddy field reclamation method that the present invention proposes, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) topsoil stripping is carried out to the crack place that leaks, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region: peel off paddy field and leak above crack and the table soil at edge, cover thickness is 40-80cm, table mound plot point stored table soil is chosen around topsoil stripping district, and being divided into 2 kinds, upper and lower layer to show mound according to the amount of cure peeling off soil layer, upper strata table mound deposits the mellow soil that cover thickness is 0-35cm; Lower floor's table mound deposits the soil that cover thickness is 35-80cm; The table of stripping soil is deposited in corresponding table mound plot point place respectively according to the degree of depth that it is peeled off, forms upper and lower layer table mound;
2) water-keeping material covers and compacting: covered by water-keeping material in the crack district after step 1) process and form cover layer, water-keeping material mixes primarily of bentonite and soil, bentonite: the volume ratio of soil is 1:(1-4); By cover layer compacting, the thickness after cover layer compacting is 10-30cm;
3) note mud on the cover layer to leave standstill: in step 2) crack district cover surface after process injects mud and leaves standstill, and depth of mud, for flooding cover layer 3-10cm, leaves standstill 10-20 days; Mud raw material is the soil of lower floor's table mound;
4) show earthen backfill and roll smooth: to the crack district after step 3) process, carrying out twice table earthen backfill, the order of backfill is for successively fetching earth from lower floor's table mound and upper strata table mound; In the soil course of backfill lower floor table mound, often backfill 20cm and carry out rolling for 1-3 time, the height distance crack district peripheral ground 20-40cm after backfill is rolled; In the mellow soil process of backfill upper strata table mound, entirety is carried out smooth and is rolled for 1 time; The bank protection of recovery or newly-built destroyed drainage and irrigation project and field protects bank simultaneously;
5) improve engineering: to the paddy field after step 4) process, carry out raised path through fields shutoff, reduce paddy field field moisture flow measurement; Secondly to the continuous 5-15 of field days flood irrigation, the soil moisture content of field is made to be tending towards saturated; Sow local rice varieties season in sowing, maintain 2-3 ploughing.
Feature of the present invention and beneficial effect:
1) by the flood irrigation in water-keeping material covering, cover surface perfusion mud, improvement engineering and ploughing, form 3 layers of water resisting protection layer in soil, and the structure of water resisting protection layer utilizes original soil as far as possible and utilizes the bentonite gained everything and lose nothing to agricultural production in right amount.Greatly improve the method applicability and operability.
2) upper strata the protection of table soil is divided into show mound and the native stacked form of lower floor's table mound two kinds table, simultaneously in order to the convenience of Reclamation Engineering adopts multiple spot nearby to pile up in field; The selection of time of Reclamation Engineering enforcement is simultaneously in farm slack season, and can terminate within the 1-3 month according to design, reduction table mound amasss the time, greatly reduces the loss of the native nutriment of table.
3) Moisture conservation positions of materials is topsoil stripping, the place of 30-80cm below earth's surface, is rice root lower space, avoids affecting paddy rice as far as possible and normally produces.
4) protection table soil, Moisture conservation material, Developing method be optimized and organically blend, efficient recovery depression can be had to plough and recover to utilize and improvement field biological environment; And rebuild depression paddy field stable certainly maintain field ecosystem, Reasonable Protection land resources, society, economy and environment high efficiency;
5) a kind of practical and technical methods being convenient to promote is provided for the growing environments that are aquatic, semi-aquatic crop such as paddy rice destroy rear reparation.
To sum up, the present invention is directed to paddy field and leak, the water barrier in emphasis reconstruct soil, secondly the present invention adopts layer in the protection of table soil, and top layer mellow soil protection is paid attention in the table soil protection relatively more.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is terraced fields topsoil stripping schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Reclaimed Soil sectional structural map of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes the specific embodiment of crack, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, a kind of Southwest China mountain region reclamation method, is described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:
The site inspection in the present invention first carry out depression before reclaiming paddy field that leaks.Determine to cause paddy field to leak crack location and scope, and investigate plot environment residing for crack, design table mound seated position, calculates the backfill amount of water-keeping material and soil, modulation mud, and carries out reparation of reclaiming.Embodiment engineering repair time of crack, Mountain Area of Southwest coal-mining subsidence paddy field of the present invention reclamation method, within 1-3 month, carrying out before rice growing in winter in evening or the early spring, utilizes biological means to improve further and resume production ability afterwards.Concrete steps are as follows:
1) topsoil stripping is carried out to the crack place that leaks, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region: peel off paddy field and leak above crack and the table soil at edge, cover thickness is 50-70cm, table mound plot point stored table soil is chosen around topsoil stripping district, table mound is conical, 2 kinds are divided into show mound, be divided into upper strata to show mound according to the amount of cure peeling off soil layer, deposit the mellow soil that cover thickness is 0-35cm; Lower floor's table mound, deposits the soil that cover thickness is 35-70cm.The table of stripping soil is deposited in corresponding table mound plot point place respectively according to the degree of depth that it is peeled off; As shown in Figure 1, the terraced fields of same level are as a unit in charge of construction, as indicated by a box in fig. 1 in the concrete stacking of table soil; Measure distribution situation in internal fissure district of unit in charge of construction as shown in 11 in Fig. 1,12,13,14,15,16,17,18, totally 8 cracks district, according to crack zone position, select to stack point, the stacking point in crack 11 is upper strata table mound 111 and lower floor's table mound 112 as shown in Figure 1; The stacking point in crack 12 is upper strata table mound 121 and lower floor's table mound 122; The stacking point in crack 13 is upper strata table mound 131 and lower floor's table mound 132; Crack 14 and crack 15 share stacks point for upper strata table mound 141 and lower floor's table mound 142; Crack 16 and crack 18 share stacks point for upper strata table mound 161 and lower floor's table mound 162; The stacking point in crack 17 is upper strata table mound 171 and lower floor's table mound 172.
2) water-keeping material covers and compacting: covered by water-keeping material in the crack district after step 1) process and form cover layer, and water-keeping material mixes primarily of the soil of bentonite and lower floor's table mound, bentonite: the volume ratio of soil is 1:(2-4); By cover layer compacting, the thickness after cover layer compacting is 20-30cm, and after compacting, the unit weight of water-keeping material reaches 1.4-2.0g/cm 3.If cover layer area is Scm 2, calculating thus to cover needs soil amount 28Sg-60Sg, and according to the unit weight 1.3-1.4g/cm of filling soil 3, the thickness calculating the water-keeping material before compacting is 20-46cm, and in order to save acting for water-keeping material water distribution stirring also compacting, water-keeping material: the volume ratio of water is 1:(0.3-2).Even for ensureing compacting, water-keeping material effect comes into force realizations, standing 24-48 hour after needing water distribution, and to compacting material compaction in layers.The acting amount of compacting is 200-600 kilojoule/m 3.
This step can form lower floor's water resisting protection layer.
3) note mud on the cover layer to leave standstill: in step 2) crack district cover surface after process injects mud and leaves standstill, and depth of mud, for flooding cover layer 3-10cm, leaves standstill 10-20 days; Mud raw material is the soil of lower floor's table mound, and after configuring water-keeping material, lower floor's table mound soil surplus is greater than 20%.Therefore the some residual of lower floor's table mound is covered on water-keeping material, and utilize giant to make it thoroughly stir, can mud be formed.
Soil water filling is stirred to form the object of mud be make in soil that clay is by the effect stratified sedimentation of moisture in standing process, glutinous grain interacts and forms impermeable stratum.This step can form middle level water resisting protection layer.
4) show earthen backfill and roll smooth: to the crack district after step 3) process, carrying out twice table earthen backfill, the order of backfill is for successively fetching earth from lower floor's table mound and upper strata table mound; In the soil course of backfill lower floor table mound, often backfill 20cm and carry out rolling for 1-3 time, the height distance crack district peripheral ground 30cm after backfill rolls; In the mellow soil process of backfill upper strata table mound, entirety is carried out smooth and is rolled for 1 time; The bank protection of recovery or newly-built destroyed drainage and irrigation project and field protects bank simultaneously;
5) improve engineering: to the paddy field after step 4) process, carry out raised path through fields shutoff, reduce paddy field field moisture flow measurement; Secondly to the continuous 5-15 of field days flood irrigation, the soil moisture content of field is made to be tending towards saturated; Sow again and sow local rice varieties season, maintain 2-3 ploughing.To promote in field that soil sticks grain to move downwards gradually, and form tillage pan below rice root, reduce the downward seepage flow of moisture in paddy field.
This step forms upper strata water resisting protection layer carrying out the process that agricultural planting increases soil fertility, and strengthens paddy field soil reclaimation.
The Reclaimed Soil profile construction of the inventive method as shown in Figure 2; be that engineering does not relate to undisturbed soil 21, lower floor's water resisting protection layer 22 of water-keeping material formation, mud sediment forms middle level water resisting protection layer 23, lower floor's table mound backfill is lower floor's topsoil 24 from bottom to up; thickness is 5-10cm and upper strata table mound backfill is upper strata topsoil 25, and thickness is 30cm.Improvement engineering forms the bottom that upper strata water resisting protection layer 251(is positioned at upper strata table soil, and after improvement engineering, the underwater cultivation degree of depth is 15-25cm place, below earth's surface, and the ox through 2-3 is ploughed, and meeting form water resisting protection layer bottom plow layer, and namely 251).

Claims (1)

1. a mountain region coal-mining subsidence paddy field reclamation method, is characterized in that:
1) topsoil stripping is carried out to the crack place that leaks, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region: peel off paddy field and leak above crack and the table soil at edge, cover thickness is 40-80cm, table mound plot point stored table soil is chosen around topsoil stripping district, and being divided into 2 kinds, upper and lower layer to show mound according to the amount of cure peeling off soil layer, upper strata table mound deposits the mellow soil that cover thickness is 0-35cm; Lower floor's table mound deposits the soil that cover thickness is 35-80cm; The table of stripping soil is deposited in corresponding table mound plot point place respectively according to the degree of depth that it is peeled off, forms upper and lower layer table mound;
2) water-keeping material covers and compacting: covered by water-keeping material in the crack district after step 1) process and form cover layer, water-keeping material mixes primarily of bentonite and soil, bentonite: the volume ratio of soil is 1:(1-4); By cover layer compacting, the thickness after cover layer compacting is 10-30cm;
3) note mud on the cover layer to leave standstill: in step 2) crack district cover surface after process injects mud and leaves standstill, and depth of mud, for flooding cover layer 3-10cm, leaves standstill 10-20 days; Mud raw material is the soil of lower floor's table mound;
4) show earthen backfill and roll smooth: to the crack district after step 3) process, carrying out twice table earthen backfill, the order of backfill is for successively fetching earth from lower floor's table mound and upper strata table mound; In the soil course of backfill lower floor table mound, often backfill 20cm and carry out rolling for 1-3 time, the height distance crack district peripheral ground 20-40cm after backfill is rolled; In the mellow soil process of backfill upper strata table mound, entirety is carried out smooth and is rolled for 1 time; The bank protection of recovery or newly-built destroyed drainage and irrigation project and field protects bank simultaneously;
5) improve engineering: to the paddy field after step 4) process, carry out raised path through fields shutoff, reduce paddy field field moisture effluent; Secondly to the continuous 5-15 of field days flood irrigation, the soil moisture content of field is made to be tending towards saturated; Sow local rice varieties season in sowing, maintain 2-3 ploughing.
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