CN114134877B

CN114134877B - Treatment method for mining ground cracks of shallow coal seam in hilly and hilly areas of peaked landform

Info

Publication number: CN114134877B
Application number: CN202111346026.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱恒忠; 陈绍杰; 何富连
Original assignee: Shandong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Shandong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-11-15
Filing date: 2021-11-15
Publication date: 2023-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-15
Also published as: CN114134877A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating a crack of a mining land of a shallow coal seam in a hilly area of a hilly landscape. The invention is based on the differential zone development attribute of the ground fissure, takes the classification and zone of the ground fissure development as the basis, takes the ecological restoration theory and technology of the mountainous area as the guidance, scientifically divides the ground fissure development type and the preferential development area, divides the ground fissure development type into the tension type ground fissure, the open type ground fissure and the step type ground fissure, optimizes the treatment process and measures, adopts a targeted treatment method, follows the principle of local control, realizes the classified zone treatment, organically combines the ground fissure treatment with landslide control, vegetation restoration and water and soil conservation, has good pertinence, systematicness and specificity, has excellent treatment effect, promotes the ecological environment improvement and restoration of the coal mining subsidence in the mountainous area with the peak landscape, has important practical significance for building green mines, and realizes the unification of social benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit.

Description

Treatment method for mining ground cracks of shallow coal seam in hilly area of hilly landform

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of mining damage and ecological restoration of mines, and particularly relates to a treatment method for mining ground cracks of shallow coal seams in hilly areas with hilly features.

Background

The shallow coal seam has the characteristics of more layers, close layer spacing, shallow buried depth and the like. With the increase of development strength and breadth of coal resources, mine geological disasters such as surface cracking, landslide, dangerous rock collapse and the like are generated in a surface subsidence area, particularly, the surface cracking problem appears on the surface as a typical mining damage form of the surface, and irreversible damage is caused to the ecological environment.

The document of application number 201310249086.7 discloses a high-water material ground fissure filling system and a filling treatment method, describes a process flow of high-water filling ground fissures, and discloses a portable vehicle of the filling system. The document of application number 201510799064.7 discloses a water and soil conservation method for promoting recovery of vegetation in mining area mining surface crack zones, which comprises the steps of burying cracks, measuring vegetation degradation areas on two sides of the cracks, determining the vegetation recovery quantity and the like. The documents adopt a unified method, and the difference of the development types of the ground cracks is not fully considered, so that unnecessary processes are added in the process of treating the ground cracks, and the economic cost and the labor intensity are increased.

It can be seen that the existing treatment method for ground cracks has great blindness and singleness, the use lacks pertinence and systematicness, and the specific characteristics of ground crack development are not used for targeted treatment. The research on how to scientifically and reasonably treat the ground cracks is weak.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for treating the cracks of the shallow coal seam mining land in the hilly area of the hilly landscape.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is to provide a treatment method for mining ground cracks of shallow coal seams in hilly areas with peak-cluster landforms, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, dividing the development types and strong development areas of the ground fissure:

surveying the development width, fall, extension length, crack angle and trend of the ground cracks, and dividing the development types of the ground cracks into tension type ground cracks (2), opening type ground cracks (9) and step type ground cracks (13) according to the parameters;

dividing the strong ground fissure development area into a tension type strong ground fissure development area, an opening type strong ground fissure development area and a stepped type strong ground fissure development area according to the areas where various ground fissures are intensively developed;

step 2, aiming at different ground crack types, adopting different treatment methods:

the tension type ground fracture is a permanent ground fracture, and the treatment comprises the following steps:

1) Filling a deep solid material: filling a solid material (3) formed by mixing coal gangue powder, cement and fly ash by a wet method from the deep part of the crack until the distance between the coal gangue powder, the cement and the fly ash and the ground surface is 2-3 times of the development width of the crack;

2) Shallow soil covering: when the solid material (3) is solidified and the density is not less than 1.5t/m ³ Then, soil is taken out from the vicinity of two sides of the tension type ground fissure (2) on site, and soil is covered on the solid material (3) in the tension type ground fissure (2) for shallow earthing to form a convex structure (4); the convex structure (4) exceeds the ground surface level of crack development;

3) Vegetation recovery: leveling the earth surface along the slope on two sides of the ground fissure; then respectively opening a row of grooves (51) on two sides of the ground fissure along the extension direction of the ground fissure; sowing grass seeds in the ditch (51), and covering surface soil;

digging a row of pits (61) on the outer sides of the grooves (51) on the two sides of the ground crack along the extension direction of the ground crack; planting crops (62) in the pits (61), and then covering surface soil;

4) Reinforcing a slope body: a row of anchoring points are respectively arranged on the slope body ground surface at the outer sides of the crops (62) on the two sides of the ground fissure along the extension direction of the ground fissure; drilling a hole into the subsurface from the anchor point in a direction toward the earth fracture; then an anchor cable (71) is installed in the drilled hole, and the drilled hole is anchored with the surrounding rock-soil body after grouting; oppositely pulling steel wire ropes (72) are hinged on anchor cables (71) at the same symmetrical positions on two sides of the ground fracture to form an oppositely pulling structure for suturing the ground fracture;

for the dynamically-opened ground fissure with self healing, after the working face stops mining, a natural recovery mode is adopted; the treatment of the open type ground fracture without self healing comprises the following steps:

1) Shallow soil covering: soil is locally sampled in soil sampling areas (10) on two sides of the open type ground fissure, and surface soil on two sides of the ground fissure is filled into the fissure, so that the open type ground fissure (9) forms a concave structure (11);

2) Vegetation recovery: sowing grass seeds in the concave structure (11), and then covering surface soil;

the step-type ground fracture is a permanent ground fracture, and the treatment specifically comprises the following steps:

1) Filling a deep solid material: filling a solid material (3) formed by mixing coal gangue powder, cement and fly ash by a wet method from the deep part of the crack until the solid material is flush with the lower side of the stepped ground crack and then stopping filling;

2) Slope cutting and soil covering: when the solid material (3) is solidified and the density is not less than 1.5t/m ³ Then, taking soil from the higher side of the stepped ground crack, filling the soil to the lower side of the stepped ground crack to form a stepped ground crack surface soil leveling area (14), and further reforming the stepped structure into a slope-type structure;

3) Vegetation recovery: carrying out shallow trench soil preparation along the slope surface according to the width of the slope; sowing grass seeds uniformly in the ditch, and covering with surface soil.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The invention is based on the differential regional development attribute of the ground fissure, takes the classification and the regional characteristics of the ground fissure development as the basis, takes the ecological restoration theory and technology of the mountain area as the guidance, scientifically divides the ground fissure development type and the preferential development area, optimizes the treatment process and measures, adopts a targeted treatment method, follows the principle of taking measures according to local conditions, realizes the classified regional treatment, organically combines the ground fissure treatment with landslide control, vegetation recovery and soil and water conservation, has good pertinence, systematicness and specificity, has excellent treatment effect, promotes the improvement and recovery of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsided land in the hilly and hilly areas, has important practical significance for building green mines, and realizes the unification of social benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit.

(2) According to the ground crack development type and the development position, the coal gangue, the coal ash and other raw materials are adopted, so that the results of locally taking materials and treating the ground crack are realized, and the deep processing and utilization of the mine waste materials are realized. Has the advantages of low transportation cost, low treatment cost, good economic and ecological environmental benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the surface distribution of a fracture in the earth according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the distribution of the strong development zones of the earth's fractures in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the tension type ground fracture treatment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the open type ground fracture treatment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the stepped formation fracture treatment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-tension type ground crack development position, 2-tension type ground crack, 3-solid material, 4-convex structure, 51-ditch, 52-grass cluster, 61-pit, 62-economic crop, 71-anchor cable and 72-counter-pull steel wire rope; 8-opening type ground crack development position, 9-opening type ground crack, 10-opening type ground crack two-side soil sampling area, 11-concave structure, 12-step type ground crack development position, 13-step type ground crack, 14-step type ground crack surface soil leveling area and 15-step type ground crack side soil sampling area.

Detailed Description

Specific examples of the present invention are given below. The specific examples are merely intended to illustrate the invention in further detail and not to limit the scope of the claims of the present application.

The invention provides a treatment method (short for method) for mining ground cracks of a shallow coal seam in a hilly area with a peak-cluster landform, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

for a shallow coal seam, acquiring ground surface distribution of ground cracks by adopting a field survey and unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography technology according to a ground surface subsidence range corresponding to a working face, and drawing a ground crack distribution plan; surveying development scale parameters such as development width, fall, extension length, crack angle and trend of the ground crack on site by using a measuring tool in combination with a plan view, dividing the development types of the ground crack according to the parameters, and dividing the development types of the ground crack into a tension type ground crack 2, an open type ground crack 9 and a step type ground crack 13;

for tensile ground fractures: the form is a tension state, rock and soil masses on two sides of the ground crack are obviously separated, and the rock and soil mass on one side of the ground crack inclines towards the downhill direction to form a deep groove with a certain depth; the development width and the fall are large and are both larger than 0.5m; the extension length is longer, is generally tens of meters (generally not less than 20 m), and the extension direction is approximately parallel to or oblique to the working surface; the crack angle is positively correlated with the earth surface gradient of a tension type earth crack development position 1, the larger the earth surface gradient is, the larger the crack angle is, and the crack angle is usually larger than 25 degrees; the tension type ground fissure preferentially develops in a steep slope or a terrain transition zone with suddenly changed ground surface gradient;

for open type ground fractures: the shape is an open state, and the rock-soil mass dislocation quantity at two sides of the ground fissure is small; the development width is larger than the fall, the development width is 0.05-0.3 m, and the fall is smaller than 0.1m; the extension direction of the ground fissure is approximately parallel to the trend of the working face transportation lane or the return airway or is obliquely crossed at a smaller angle; the crack angle is small, typically less than 5 °; the open-type ground fissure preferentially develops in the edge zone of the mining subsidence basin on the working face, the development area of the open-type ground fissure belongs to a continuous deformation area, and as the subsidence basin tends to be stable, part of ground fissures tend to be closed, the disturbance intensity on the surface soil layer and vegetation growth of the development area is relatively small, and the open-type ground fissure has certain self-healing property;

for step type ground cracks: the shape is a step cut-off shape, and the rock-soil body on one side of the ground crack and the rock-soil body on the other side form a staggered platform form; the development width is less than the fall, the development width is less than 0.1m, and the fall is generally more than 0.3m; the extending direction is approximately parallel to or oblique to the working face inclination direction; the step-shaped ground fissure preferentially develops in a gentle slope (the gradient is generally less than 15 degrees) or a ditch-flushing zone; the stepped ground fissure is not self-repairing, is usually a permanent ground fissure, has high disturbance intensity on the stability of a hillside and the growth of vegetation, and is also the key point for treating the ground fissure;

the strong development area refers to an area where the ground cracks are intensively developed, and the density and the scale of the ground cracks in the area are large; dividing the strong ground fissure development area into a tension type strong ground fissure development area, an opening type strong ground fissure development area and a stepped type strong ground fissure development area according to the areas where various ground fissures are intensively developed;

step 2, adopting different treatment methods aiming at different ground fracture types:

the tension type ground fissure is a permanent ground fissure, has no self-healing property, has high disturbance intensity on the stability of a hillside and the growth of vegetation, is the key point of ground fissure treatment and needs manual intervention treatment; the treatment of the tension type ground cracks is comprehensively treated according to the principle of combining crack reconstruction and landslide prevention, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

1) Filling deep solid materials: the depth of the tension type ground crack 2 is larger, the tension type ground crack is in a wedge-shaped development shape in the longitudinal direction, and the tension type ground crack can be extinguished only a few meters below the ground surface; crack filling follows the principle of reducing disturbance to the primary environment as much as possible, so local materials are used; filling a solid material 3 formed by mixing coal gangue powder, cement and fly ash through wet stirring from the deep part of the crack until the solid material is stopped at a position with the distance from the ground surface being 2-3 times (preferably 3 times) of the development width of the crack;

preferably, the solid material 3 is prepared by crushing coal gangue into powder with a particle size of less than 20mm, adding water into the coal gangue powder, cement and fly ash according to a certain proportion, and carrying out wet stirring and mixing in a stirrer to form the solid material 3; the mass ratio of the coal gangue, the cement and the fly ash is 1.3-0.5; the coal gangue is directly generated in the tunneling of a roadway, and the coal ash is directly generated when the coal gangue is sent into a power plant for power generation;

2) Shallow soil covering: when the solid material 3 is solidified and the density is not lower than 1.5t/m ³ Then, soil is taken from the positions near the two sides of the tension type ground crack 2 on site, so that the natural fusion of soil bodies during shallow soil covering is facilitated, and the soil taking principle follows the principle of not damaging surface vegetation but leveling the soil; covering soil on the solid material 3 above the solid material 3 in the tension type ground fissure 2 (namely a fissure covering soil area) to carry out shallow earthing to form a convex structure 4; the convex structures 4 exceed the ground level where the crack develops; the upward projection height of the convex structure 4 is 0.2-0.4 times (preferably 0.2 times) of the width of the crack, the upward projection width is 1-1.5 times of the width of the crack, and the upward projection angle is not more than 30 degrees; due to abundant rainfall and frequent rainfall in the mountain areas with peak, cluster and landform, the convex structures 4 can effectively prevent rainwater from accumulating near the crack, so that the rainwater is prevented from infiltrating and the overall stability of rock and soil bodies on two sides of the crack is prevented from being influenced.

3) Vegetation recovery: leveling the earth surface along the slope within 5m of each of two sides of the ground fissure; then, within the range of 1m on each side of the ground fissure, respectively opening a row of ditches 51 along the extension direction of the ground fissure, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.10-0.15 m, and the distance between two adjacent ditches 51 in each row is 0.2-0.4 m (preferably 0.3 m); sowing grass seeds (preferably grass seeds suitable for local growth) uniformly in the ditches 51, wherein the sowing quantity is 10-15 kg/mu; then covering surface soil of 3-5 cm (preferably 3 cm), irrigating water-soluble fertilizer along the ditch to finally form a grass cluster 52;

in the range of 1-5 m on each side of the ground crack (namely the outer side of the ditch 51), a row of pits 61 is dug along the extension direction of the ground crack, the pit depth is 0.4-0.6 m, and the distance between two adjacent pits 61 in each row is 3-5 m; planting economic crops 62 such as roxburgh roses, pepper trees and the like in the pits 61, covering surface soil, and applying water-soluble fertilizer for irrigation;

preferably, when the pits 61 are square, the pit side is 0.4 to 0.6m.

4) Reinforcing a slope body: arranging a row of anchoring points on the surface of a slope body at 6-10 m positions (namely the outer side of the economic crops 62) on both sides of the ground fissure respectively along the extension direction of the ground fissure, wherein the distance between two adjacent anchoring points in each row is 5-8 m; drilling a hole from the anchoring point to the underground at an angle of 60-75 degrees with the ground surface plane and in the direction towards the ground fracture, wherein the depth of the drilled hole is 6-9 m; then, an anchor cable 71 is installed in the drilled hole, and the drilled hole is anchored with the surrounding rock and soil mass after grouting; anchor cables 71 at the same symmetrical positions on two sides of the ground fissure are hinged with oppositely-pulled steel wire ropes 72 through a hinge structure to form an oppositely-pulled structure to sew the ground fissure;

preferably, the anchor cable 71 is a multi-bundle bifurcated anchor cable;

for dynamically opening ground cracks with self healing, a self-repairing mode which follows nature and respects ecology is adopted, namely after the working face stops mining, facilities such as warning boards, fences and the like are arranged in a crack development area, so that the artificial interference is reduced as much as possible, and the ground cracks are naturally recovered; for the open type ground cracks without self healing, the manual two-step treatment of covering soil filling and vegetation recovery is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

1) Shallow soil covering: soil is locally taken in soil taking areas 10 on two sides of the open type ground fissure, surface soil on two sides of the ground fissure is filled into the fissure by a shovel, so that the open type ground fissure 9 forms a concave structure 11, the fissure is positioned in a concave area, the soil preparation effect that the middle of the fissure area is low and the two sides of the fissure area are high is achieved, and the height difference between the two sides of the fissure area and the middle is less than or equal to 0.1m; the surface soil on two sides of the crack has a certain gradient of 15-20 degrees;

2) Vegetation recovery: grass seeds suitable for local growth are uniformly sown in the concave structure 11, and the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu; then covering surface soil of 3-5 cm (preferably 3 cm), irrigating water-soluble fertilizer along the ditch to finally form a grass cluster 52;

the step-type ground cracks are usually permanent ground cracks, have small development width and large fall, and are easy to be conducted to an underground goaf to cause air leakage of a working face; the step-type ground crack treatment specifically comprises the following steps:

1) Filling a deep solid material: filling a solid material 3 formed by mixing coal gangue powder, cement and fly ash through wet stirring from the deep part of the crack through a grouting hose until the solid material is flush with the lower side of the stepped ground crack and then stopping filling;

2) Slope cutting and soil covering: when the solid material 3 is solidified and the density is not lower than 1.5t/m ³ And then, leveling the surface soil of the ground cracks: taking soil from a soil taking area 15 at one side of the stepped ground crack (namely the side with higher stepped ground crack), filling the soil to the side with lower stepped ground crack to form a surface soil leveling area 14 of the stepped ground crack, and further transforming the stepped structure into a slope-type structure; the slope angle of the slope-type structure is not more than 30 degrees;

3) Vegetation recovery: performing shallow trench soil preparation by using a shovel along the slope surface according to the width of the slope, wherein the soil preparation depth is 0.08-0.12 m, and the distance between two adjacent trenches 51 along the slope surface is 20-30 cm; uniformly sowing grass seeds (preferably grass seeds suitable for local growth) into the ditches, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu; then covering with surface soil of 3-5 cm (preferably 3 cm), irrigating water-soluble fertilizer along the ditch, and finally forming the grass 52.

Example 1

The mine is located in Anshu city, guizhou province, the highest point of the height of the sea level in a well field is +1705m, the lowest point of the height of the sea level in the well field is +1298m, and the relative height difference is 200-400 m. This area belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, and is full of rainfall. The first working face is positioned in a mining area, is the first working face of the mining area, and adopts a strike long wall fully mechanized coal mining method. The coal face run was approximately 950m long and the face tended to be 190m long (shown in FIG. 1). And (3) exploiting a No. 9 coal seam, wherein the average thickness is 2m, and the maximum buried depth of the coal seam is 220m and 104m. The earth surface is a low-middle mountain landform, the terrain is a composite type, slopes and valleys are staggered, the surface soil layer is brown yellow or brown yellow clay, and the thickness is about 4m.

for a shallow coal seam, acquiring the ground surface distribution of the ground fissure by adopting a field survey and unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography technology according to the ground surface subsidence range of a first mining working surface, and drawing a ground surface distribution plan of the ground fissure (as shown in figure 1); and surveying development scale parameters such as development width, fall, extension length, fracture angle and trend of the ground fracture and the ground surface development position on site by using a measuring tool in combination with a plane map, and finding 13 permanent ground fractures (shown in table 1) through site survey. The ground fracture numbers in table 1 are ordered in order from the open-hole side of the working face to the ground surface.

TABLE 1 actual measurement results of ground fissure development scale after stable working face recovery

Serial number	Numbering	Developmental morphology	Width/m	Drop height/m	Grade/degree of development position
						1	ZK-1	Open type	0.15	0.02	12.5
2	ZK-2	Open type	0.27	0.08	20.9
						3	LZ-1	Tension type	0.67	0.89	49.5
4	LZ-2	Tension type	0.73	0.62	54.7
						5	LZ-3	Tension type	0.58	0.97	46.2
6	TJ-1	Step type	0.07	0.18	12.3
						7	TJ-2	Step type	0.06	0.22	23.3
8	LZ-4	Tension type	0.12	0.27	26.1
						9	TJ-3	Step type	0.03	0.32	6
10	TJ-4	Step type	0.12	0.65	12.3
						11	LZ-5	Tension type	0.18	0.49	25.4
12	LZ-6	Tension type	0.66	0.75	24.8
						13	TJ-5	Step type	0.08	0.42	17.5

Dividing the ground fracture development types into a tension type ground fracture 2, an opening type ground fracture 9 and a step type ground fracture 13 according to ground fracture actual measurement parameters; wherein, the number of the tension ground cracks is 6, the number of the opening ground cracks is 2, and the number of the step ground cracks is 5.

Dividing strong development areas of the ground cracks according to the ground surface distribution of the tension type ground cracks, the opening type ground cracks and the step type ground cracks (as shown in figure 2); the tension type ground fissure preferentially develops on a steep slope or a terrain transition zone; the opening type ground fissure preferentially develops at the edge of a ground surface subsidence basin of a working surface and is mainly concentrated near a transportation roadway, a return airway, an opening and cutting hole and a mining stopping line; the stepped ground fissure preferentially develops on a gentle slope.

(1) tensioning type ground cracks: filling deep solid materials, covering shallow soil, recovering vegetation and reinforcing a slope body.

(2) Opening type ground cracks: and (5) covering soil on the shallow part and recovering vegetation.

(3) Step-shaped ground cracks: filling deep solid materials, cutting slopes and covering soil, and recovering vegetation.

Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.

Claims

1. A treatment method for mining ground cracks of shallow coal seams in hilly areas with peak-cluster landforms is characterized by comprising the following steps:

surveying the development width, fall, extension length, fracture angle and trend of the ground fracture, and dividing the development type of the ground fracture into a tension type ground fracture (2), an opening type ground fracture (9) and a step type ground fracture (13) according to the parameters;

for tensile ground fractures: the form is a tension state, the rock and soil mass on two sides of the ground fissure are obviously separated, and the rock and soil mass on one side of the ground fissure inclines towards the downward slope direction to form a deep groove; the development width and the fall are both larger than 0.5m; the extension length is not less than 20m, and the extension direction is parallel to or oblique to the inclination of the working surface; the crack angle is positively correlated with the earth surface gradient of the development position of the tension type ground crack, and the crack angle is more than 25 degrees; the tension type ground fissure preferentially develops in a steep slope or a terrain transition zone with suddenly changed ground surface gradient;

for open type ground fractures: the shape is an open state, and the dislocation quantity of rock and soil bodies on two sides of the ground fissure is small; the development width is larger than the fall, the development width is 0.05-0.3 m, and the fall is smaller than 0.1m; the extending direction is parallel to the trend of the working face transportation lane or the return airway or is obliquely crossed at a small angle; the crack angle is less than 5 degrees; the opening type ground fissure preferentially develops in the edge zone of the mining subsidence basin on the working face, and the development area of the opening type ground fissure belongs to a continuous deformation area;

for step type ground cracks: the shape is a step cut-off shape, and the rock-soil body on one side of the ground crack and the rock-soil body on the other side form a staggered platform form; the development width is less than the fall, the development width is less than 0.1m, and the fall is more than 0.3m; the extending direction is parallel or oblique to the inclination of the working surface; the step-shaped ground fissure preferentially develops on a slope with the gradient less than 15 degrees or a gully zone;

dividing the strong development area of the ground fissure into a tension type ground fissure strong development area, an opening type ground fissure strong development area and a step type ground fissure strong development area according to the area in which various ground fissures are intensively developed;

1) Deep solid material filling: filling a solid material (3) formed by mixing coal gangue powder, cement and fly ash by a wet method from the deep part of the crack until the solid material is stopped at a position with the distance from the ground surface being 2-3 times of the development width of the crack;

3) Vegetation recovery: leveling the ground surface along the slope on two sides of the ground fissure; then respectively opening a row of ditches (51) at two sides of the ground fissure along the extension direction of the ground fissure; sowing grass seeds in the ditch (51), and covering surface soil;

4) Reinforcing a slope body: a row of anchoring points are respectively arranged on the slope surface of the outer side of the crops (62) at two sides of the ground fissure along the extension direction of the ground fissure; drilling a hole into the subsurface from the anchor point in a direction toward the earth fracture; then an anchor cable (71) is installed in the drilled hole, and the drilled hole is anchored with the surrounding rock-soil body after grouting; oppositely pulling steel wire ropes (72) are hinged on anchor cables (71) at the same symmetrical positions on two sides of the ground fracture to form an oppositely pulling structure for suturing the ground fracture;

the step-type ground fissure is a permanent ground fissure, and the treatment specifically comprises the following steps:

2) Slope cutting and soil covering: when the solid material (3) is solidified and the density is not less than 1.5t/m ³ Then, taking soil from the higher side of the stepped ground fissure, filling the soil to the lower side of the stepped ground fissure to form a surface soil leveling area (14) of the stepped ground fissure, and further reforming the stepped structure into a slope-shaped structure;

3) Vegetation recovery: performing shallow trench soil preparation along the slope surface according to the width of the slope; sowing grass seeds uniformly in the ditch, and covering with surface soil.

2. The treatment method for the shallow coal seam mining ground crack in the hilly and cluster landform area according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid material (3) is formed by crushing coal gangue into coal gangue powder with the particle size of less than 20mm, adding water into the coal gangue powder, cement and fly ash according to a proportion, and stirring and mixing the coal gangue powder, the cement and the fly ash by a wet method in a stirrer; the mass ratio of the coal gangue, the cement and the fly ash is 1.3-0.5; coal gangue is directly produced during tunneling, and fly ash is directly produced when coal gangue is sent into a power plant for power generation.

3. The method for treating the cracks of the mining land of the shallow coal seam in the peaked, hilly and landform mountainous area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upward convex height of the convex structure (4) is 0.2-0.4 times of the crack width, the upward convex width is 1-1.5 times of the crack width, and the upward convex angle is not more than 30 degrees.

4. The treatment method for the cracks of the mining land of the shallow coal seam in the hilly region with the peaked-cluster landform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pits (61) are square, and the side length of each pit is 0.4-0.6 m; the cable wire (71) is a multi-bundle bifurcated cable wire.

5. The method for treating the cracks of the shallow coal seam mining land in the peaked-clumped landform mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the treatment of the tension type cracks, the depth of the ditches is 0.10-0.15 m, and the distance between two adjacent ditches (51) in each row is 0.2-0.4 m; the pit depth is 0.4-0.6 m, and the distance between two adjacent pits (61) in each row is 3-5 m; the distance between two adjacent anchoring points in each row is 5-8 m; the angle of the drill hole is 60-75 degrees with the ground surface plane and faces to the ground fissure, and the depth of the drill hole is 6-9 m.

6. The method for treating the cracks of the shallow coal seam mining land in the peaked, crowded and mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the treatment of the open type cracks, the height difference between the two sides and the middle of the concave structure (11) is less than or equal to 0.1m; the slope of the surface soil on two sides of the crack is 15-20 degrees.

7. The treatment method for the mining ground fracture of the shallow coal seam in the peaked, crowded and landform mountainous area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the treatment of the stepped ground fracture, the slope angle of the slope-type structure is not more than 30 degrees; the land preparation depth is 0.08-0.12 m, and the distance between two adjacent ditches (51) along the slope surface is 20-30 cm.