CN205530298U - Ecological revetment block in ion type rare earth mine mountain and ecological bank protection system thereof - Google Patents
Ecological revetment block in ion type rare earth mine mountain and ecological bank protection system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN205530298U CN205530298U CN201620318102.2U CN201620318102U CN205530298U CN 205530298 U CN205530298 U CN 205530298U CN 201620318102 U CN201620318102 U CN 201620318102U CN 205530298 U CN205530298 U CN 205530298U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an ecological revetment block in ion type rare earth mine mountain and ecological bank protection system thereof, revetment block, for the I -shaped structure of positive cube, the size of I -shaped structure satisfies: C1=c2=13c, wherein c is I -shaped building block width, and c1 is I -shaped horizontal bar width, and c2 is the groove width in interlocking groove, the degree of depth in interlocking groove equals 13b, and b is I -shaped building block length, being equipped with the one deck along the 13h department of I -shaped building block height and adding the muscle bamboo chip, 23h department is equipped with another layer and adds the muscle bamboo chip, and h is the height of I -shaped building block, the muscle bamboo chip that adds be the groined type, there is a through -hole at center at the I -shaped vertical retort along building block direction of height cloth. The bank protection system, be equipped with geonet on the slope upper berth of side slope, the last I -shaped building block of laying mutual gomphosis of geonet is inserted in the through -hole of I -shaped building block with the muscle stick, adds the muscle stick and squeezes into in the soil layer of side slope slope. The utility model discloses can prevent and treat the side slope unstability, engineering cost is low, ecological environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to ecological vestige, especially relates to a kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological slope protection building block and ecological revetment system thereof.
Background technology
Rare earth is the general name of 17 kinds of rare elements such as lanthanum, cerium and praseodymium, and the Rare Earth Mine of China is divided into heavy rare earth and light rare earth two class, and heavy rare earth is based on south ion type rareearth, and light rare earth is based on north rare earth.Rare earth is one group has the new function material of the multifrequency natures such as electricity, magnetic, light and biology simultaneously, is high-technology field and the important foundation materials of national defense construction such as information technology, biotechnology, energy technology.Southern RE ore becomes the important foundation material of the leading-edge fields such as modern high technology and national defence such as information technology, energy technology, biotechnology rich in heavy rare earth element in yttrium, dysprosium, terbium etc., is Dominant Mineral Resources and the strategic resource of China.
Southern RE ore bed type is " weathering crust type ", ion type rareearth mine, south is easily formed the weathering crust come in every shape, thin then several centimeters, the most tens of rice of thickness in efflorescence, rare earth element is mainly present in rare-earth mineral with cationic state, and adsorbs on the mineral such as Kaolin, montmorillonite.The production practice of south ion type rareearth ore has leaching process, dump leaching process and in_situ leaching technique, currently mainly uses in_situ leaching technique to exploit Rare Earth Mine.Leaching process is identical with dump leaching process principle, leaching process cement pit work leaching groove, uses leaching ore deposit agent that the rare earth in leaching groove is cemented out, at sedimentation tank oxalic acid precipitation rare earth after collection rare-earth enrichment liquid.Dump leaching process and leaching process be a difference in that rare earth in dump leaching field replaced out, relative efficiency is higher.The air slaking ore body that leaching mineral solution is directly injected under natural mode of occurence by in_situ leaching technique by the fluid injection well of grid arrangement, under the conditions of static pressure macerate, absorption is formed mother solution under the rare earth ion exchanged of surface of clay by the cation in the agent solution of leaching ore deposit, mother solution flows out from liquid collection engineering system, with the rare earth in oxalic acid precipitation mother solution.
Dump leaching and leaching process destruction direct to surface vegetation, the hilltop vegetation after exploitation and the substantially all stripping of effective soil layer, exposed bedrock, exploitation produces a large amount of tailings and accounts for firming ground, ecosystem original to place of banking up damages." in_situ leaching " although process overcome pond invade, many shortcomings of dump leaching process, but because substantial amounts of fluid injection well, trapped well and intercepting gutter need to be excavated, mine vegetation and landforms are caused a certain degree of destruction, a large amount of acidity invade ore deposit agent and top water injects underground ore bed by fluid injection well, ground stress equilibrium state original to massif damages, ground disturbance is obvious, easy induced landslide.Formula exploitation that traditional tank, dump leaching process " remove mountain motion " to mining area vegetation destruction seriously, is directly damaged a large amount of mountain regions, forest land, is produced large area loss of vegetation and the exposed stope of table soil protection, and a large amount of heap of output is stored in the tailings near stope, roach simultaneously.The occurrence condition of ore body also determines it may be caused and the probability of aggravation Landslide Hazards, the ore body of ion type rareearth ore is all composed and is stored in weathering crust, from the watery analysis of Ore bearing stratum, completely decomposed layer containing ore body and the eluvial layer on top, all can compose the diving depositing relatively horn of plenty under naturalness, its watery, water penetration are preferable, for water-bearing layer, and be the half unweathered basement rock of air slaking as ore body base plate, the watery of its rock stratum, water penetration inequality, can be considered water barrier.
According to investigations, more than 500, total discarded rare-earth mining area, City in South China, mountain region, the forest land area directly damaged because of rare earth mining reach 122.24 square kilometres, tailings aggregate value method of weighting storage reaches 191,170,000 tons, and the hazards control of these regional all rare-earth mining areas, the recovery estimated charges of ecological environment are up to 38,000,000,000 yuan.Therefore, ion type rareearth mine is carried out ecological protection, it is to avoid the generation of geological disaster, it is achieved region social economy sustainable development, significant.
At present, the method for ion type rareearth mine slope ecological bank protection mainly has the mode being combined protection by the Geotechnical Engineering measures such as long and short anchor arm, anchor rod anchored, lattice girder, holdfast wall, the side's of cutting off-load and biological control measure.Wherein retaining wall is as the sustaining retaining structure of supporting Roadbed Soil, natural slope and the hillside soil body etc., is possible to prevent to banket or soil deformation unstability, and the retaining wall form that China commonly uses at present is gravity type retaining wall structure form.Gravity retaining wall relies on frictional force between dead load and retaining wall bottom surface and basis carry out antidumping and resist soil pressure and act to keep the stability of engineering structure and slope soil, because its volume, weight are bigger, construction and excavation earth volume is big, operating expenses is higher, and the construction height of gravity retaining wall and the application at soft foundation receive a definite limitation.Bank protection Interlaid type building block retaining wall is relatively low to ground requirement for bearing capacity；Compared with gravity retaining wall, wall health is long-pending less, earth moving amount can be reduced during construction, there is ecological and landscape function and compound mode is flexible, therefore, Interlaid type building block retaining wall developed quickly at these several years, but China is not the most suitable for ecological block and the ecological revetment system thereof of ion type rareearth mine bank protection at present.
Chinese patent 201210157707.4 " a kind of mutually-embedded ecological building block retaining wall and construction method thereof ", disclose a kind of mutually-embedded ecological building block retaining wall and construction method thereof, by changing the relative position of inter-embedding type ecological block end face groove part, the inclination angle size of prepared retaining wall alien invasion can be changed, make alien invasion inclination angle from vertically arbitrarily changing in the range of vertical line angle 150.Chinese patent 201310428546.2 " a kind of ecological revetment unit and the ecological slope protection structure of composition thereof ", disclose a kind of ecological revetment unit and the ecological slope protection structure of composition thereof, this ecological revetment unit is mainly connected by two top and the bottom overlappings and the first framework of inner hollow forms with the second framework, the geotextiles for closing this opening it is provided with at overlapping, second framework of lower floor is provided with the geotextiles for closing lower openings, connects the second stitching section by the first stitching section of at least two bank protection unit and forms ecological slope protection structure.Chinese patent 201310007646.8 " a kind of ecological composite interstitial substance, compound bio ecological block and compound bio ecology retaining wall ", disclose a kind of ecological composite interstitial substance, a kind of compound bio ecological block and a kind of compound bio ecology retaining wall, building block is that hollow uncovered is box-like, inner chamber fills ecological composite interstitial substance, its sidewall distance bottom certain distance is provided with implantation hole and osculum, and retaining wall is piled up by compound bio ecological block and formed.Chinese patent 201210087727.9 " flexible ecological slope protection building block ", disclose a kind of flexible ecological slope protection building block, building block stage body is provided with upper shed cavity, discharge outlet, slotted eye, through hole, after ecological revetment can be combined easily by ecological block, making the mutual build-in of blockhouse be built into by the reinforcing bar in insert stand body sidewall through hole or sticking plaster etc., root system of plant can go deep into the soil body after barricade.
For ion type rareearth mine, there is loose earth in side slope, and existing bulkhead tech exists following defect:
(1) have inconvenient traffic area owing to ion type rareearth mine is positioned at Hills mostly, the large-scale construction equipment turnover field inconvenience needed for engineering can be caused according to structural measures such as armored concrete long and short anchor arm, holdfast walls, constructional difficulties, the earthwork simultaneously, concrete works amount is big, construction costs is higher, also easily causes environmental destruction.If to in_situ leaching stope only with fluid injection well and the improvement of liquid collecting tunnel engineering, the arranging of flood drainage system, owing to the complexity of the seepage effect between ore leachate and orebody geology condition and hydrologic condition affects, the generation of easy induced landslide.
(2) traditional Retaining Walls of Hollow Concrete Blocks typically uses cemented rock method, and working procedure is more, and workload is big.Interlaid type building block form inlay forms complete inlay and groove by former and later two building blocks combination, need between some building blocks to be connected by reinforcing bar etc. to fix with the slope protection structure being formed with certain stability, block structure is relative complex, required precision to the processing of building block and side slope protection construction is higher, using effect and actual application exists certain restricted.
(3) current inter-embedding type masonry xoncrete structure or reinforced concrete structure form, building block itself there is no ecological functions, and concrete or reinforced concrete works amount are greatly, and cost is high.Current ecological slope protection building block by building block indwelling cavity as the space of plant growing, the part soil body can be taken away due to the effect of rainwater, infiltration between building block and slope soil, so to be difficult to the really company of realization integral for building block and slope soil, is unfavorable for stablizing of side slope.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the defect of prior art, a kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological slope protection building block and ecological revetment system thereof are provided, it can eliminate off, and subtype Rare-earth Mine side slope is overall and local buckling's potential safety hazard, building block and protective slope structure are simple, be prone to making, easy construction, environmental protection, Impacts on ecology and environment is good, construction costs is low.
For achieving the above object, this utility model adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological slope protection building block, for the I-shaped structure of regular cube, the size of I-shaped structure meets: c1=c2=1/3c, wherein c is "I" shaped block width, c1For I-shaped horizontal stripe width, c2For the groove width of interlocking groove, namely I-shaped vertical bar height；The degree of depth of interlocking groove is "I" shaped block length equal to 1/3b, b, namely I-shaped horizontal stripe length；Being provided with one layer of reinforcement bamboo chip at the 1/3h of "I" shaped block height, be provided with another layer of reinforcement bamboo chip at 2/3h, h is the height of "I" shaped block, and described reinforcement bamboo chip is groined type；It is disposed with a through hole centrally along segment heights direction at I-shaped vertical bar.
Described "I" shaped block width c or building block length b or segment heights h are 0.2 meter 1.2 meters, a diameter of 5 centimetres 30 centimetres of through hole.
A width of 15 centimetres of bamboo chip in described reinforcement bamboo chip, length is with "I" shaped block width c.
After described "I" shaped block is by sand, clay, cut-out weeds, compound fertilizer's (plant ash), grass seed, water uniform mixing, put into mould compaction in layers and put into reinforcement bamboo chip compacting form, the weight ratio of material is: sand 10% 30%, clay 10% 70%, cut off weeds 2% 10%, compound fertilizer's (plant ash) 5% 10%, grass seed 0.01 1%, water 5 10%.
Described grass seed chooses Bermuda grass, paspalum notatum, Festuca Arundinacea.
Described a length of 68 centimetres that cut off weeds.
The manufacture method of "I" shaped block, weight ratio be: sand 10% 30%, clay 10% 70%, cut off weeds 2% 10%, compound fertilizer's (plant ash) 5% 10%, grass seed 0.01 1% compound stirs, then is that 5 10% water are poured onto in mixing material and carry out mix by weight ratio；In the mix layered mould being put into "I" shaped block that will mix, it is compacted with pressing plate；When the compound thickness being compacted reach "I" shaped block mold height three/for the moment, ground floor groined type reinforcement bamboo chip is put in mould on compound, adds mix layered compacting；When the thickness adding compound reaches 2/3rds of "I" shaped block mold height, second layer groined type reinforcement bamboo chip is put in mould on compound, adds mix layered compacting；When compound exceeds 2 centimetres 5 centimetres of mould, putting steel pressing plate, more highly fall from 0.5 meter 2.5 meters with the hammer of 5 kilogram of 10 kilogram weight, hammering steel pressing plate 5 20 times, "I" shaped block is i.e. made.
A kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological revetment system, is equipped with geonet on the slope of side slope, and geonet is laid the most chimeric "I" shaped block, inserts reinforcement waddy in the through hole of "I" shaped block, and reinforcement waddy is squeezed in the soil layer of side slope slope.
A kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological revetment system, at the bottom of the slope of side slope and periphery is disposed with gutter, lays the most chimeric "I" shaped block, and slope is pushed up and is disposed with kind of careless ditch and a little tree in the gutter in.
By I-shaped horizontal stripe width segments c in "I" shaped block1Insert interlocking groove groove width part c of another "I" shaped block2In, just complete the most chimeric of "I" shaped block, by that analogy, between all "I" shaped blocks, form a firm entirety.The through hole of "I" shaped block can reduce the stress of building block and concentrate, improves building block bulk strength, the service life of prolongation building block.Through hole can make slope drainage passage, the growth being conducive to grass seeds in building block and growth, also can be inserted into reinforcement waddy to increase the stable of building block and the stability of side slope simultaneously.
This utility model is to form basic bank protection unit by the mutual embedding combination of two or more building block, the fixing connection of the connectors such as reinforcing bar is need not between building block, building block forms flexible protective slope structure after connecting, block structure is simple, grass seeds in building block germinates, take root after the root hair of grass go deep into side slope soil layer, building block itself has ecological functions, and one of building block main component is clay, and therefore after bank protection, building block and slope soil form a stable entirety.Cut slope off-load and be conducive to stablizing of slope body, ecological revetment woods can be formed after planting grass, tree and can form again industrial crops woods, gutter can be protected rainwater and washes away slope soil and soak, prevent rainwater, the part soil body is taken away in the effect of infiltration, so building block and slope soil connect integral, be conducive to the stablizing of side slope, this utility model can prevent and treat in-situ ionic rare earth leaching ore mining field slope instability, easy and simple to handle, construction costs is low, ecological, environmental protective.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the single slope protection block of this utility model.
Fig. 2 is the horizontal cut-away view of slope protection block in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of one of this utility model slope protection block compound mode.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the two of this utility model slope protection block compound mode.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 1 slope protection system of the present utility model.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 2 slope protection system of the present utility model.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 3 slope protection system of the present utility model.
In figure: 1. "I" shaped block, 2. through hole, 3. interlocking groove, 4. reinforcement bamboo chip, 5. side slope slope, 6. reinforcement waddy, 7. geonet, 8. kind of careless ditch, 9. little tree, 10. gutter, at the bottom of 11. slopes, 12 side slopes, c is "I" shaped block width (wherein c1For I-shaped horizontal stripe width, c2For the groove width of interlocking groove, namely I-shaped vertical bar height)；B is "I" shaped block length, namely I-shaped horizontal stripe length；H is the height of "I" shaped block.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, and combine accompanying drawing, this utility model be described in further detail:
Embodiment 1:
After "I" shaped block 1 described in this utility model is by sand, clay, the weeds of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed, water uniform mixing, put into mould compaction in layers and put into reinforcement bamboo chip 4 compacting form.
"I" shaped block 1 as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 is " work " word structure, and "I" shaped block 1 centre has through hole 2, both sides are provided with interlocking groove 3；" well " font reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is had in "I" shaped block 1.The width c=0.6 rice of "I" shaped block 1, highly h=0.6 rice, length b=0.6 rice, wherein c1=c2=1/3c=0.2 rice.A diameter of 0.1 meter of through hole 2, the both sides symmetry at "I" shaped block 1 has interlocking groove 3.Being placed with two-layer " well " font reinforcement bamboo chip 4 in "I" shaped block 1, reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is positioned at "I" shaped block 1 height 0.2 meter and the position of 0.4 meter, a length of 0.6 meter of the bamboo chip in reinforcement bamboo chip 4, width 3 centimetres.
The weight ratio of described "I" shaped block 1 material is: sand: clay: the weeds of cut-out: plant ash: grass seed: water=15%:60%:5%:9.9%:0.1%:10%.
Sand accounts for weight ratio 15%, and sand is gathered materials on the spot the ore deposit quarrel soil using Rare-earth Mine discarded, and the permeability of sand itself is relatively by force, can improve building block bulk strength as the constituent of building block.
Clay accounts for weight ratio 60%, and clay is with general clay.
The weeds cut off account for weight ratio 5%, and weeds use fresh weeds, cut off on the spot from Rare-earth Mine side slope and are cut into 6 centimeter length with chopper.
Plant ash accounts for weight ratio 9.99%, and plant ash is fired with weeds, bran coat at the scene and become and make the fertilizer substrate of grass seeds in building block, fires that weeds in the raw material of plant ash account for weight ratio 70%, bran coat accounts for weight ratio 30%.
Grass seed accounts for weight ratio 0.1%, and seed selects Bermuda grass.Bermuda grass fertility is powerful, has the strongest vitality, in prosperous long season, the rhizome day growth speed average out to 0.9cm of Bermuda grass, high reaches 1.4cm, its stipes gives birth to downwards adventitious root, on joint, axillalry bud upwards develops into aerial shoot, and stem forms tillering node, mitogenetic side shoot on joint, produce on tillering node and new walk stem, walk the most mitogenetic side shoot on the joint of stem and walk stem with new；The old and new's stem interts the most mutually, is woven into net, in the short time level ground, form dominant phytobiocoenose.
Water accounts for weight ratio 10%, water river.
Reinforcement bamboo chip 4: using the bamboo chip of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H.de Lebaie processing, bamboo chip is wide 3 centimetres, length 0.6 meter.
The manufacture method of described "I" shaped block 1: after sand, clay, the weeds of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed, water are ready to according to the above ratio, by sand, clay, the weeds of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed mixing after stir with spade, then water is poured onto mixing material in carry out mix.The raw material mixed layering is put in "I" shaped block 1 mould that 1 cm thick steel plate is made, then is compacted with steel pressing plate.When "I" shaped block 1 material being compacted is positioned at building block mould height 0.2 meter, ground floor reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is put, places into "I" shaped block 1 raw material compaction in layers.When being pressed onto building block mould height 0.4 meter, on the soil layer be put into second layer reinforcement bamboo chip 4 in mould, put into "I" shaped block 1 raw material steel pressing plate compaction in layers.When last "I" shaped block 1 material is contour with mould, repaves 3 cm thick raw material composite soils at top layer, put steel pressing plate, with 5 kilograms of hammers from from 2.0 meters of height hammering 10.The demoulding obtains "I" shaped block 1.
It is illustrated in figure 3 one of connected mode of described building block, by I-shaped horizontal stripe width segments c in "I" shaped block 11Insert interlocking groove 3 groove width part c of another "I" shaped block 12In, just complete the most chimeric of "I" shaped block 1, by that analogy, between all "I" shaped blocks 1, form a firm entirety.The through hole 2 of "I" shaped block 1 can reduce the stress of "I" shaped block 1 and concentrate, improves "I" shaped block 1 bulk strength, the service life of prolongation "I" shaped block 1.Through hole 2 also can make slope drainage passage, the growth being conducive to grass seeds in "I" shaped block 1 and growth, is simultaneously available for inserting reinforcement waddy 6 to increase the stable of "I" shaped block 1 and the stability of side slope.
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological revetment system, is equipped with geonet 7 on the slope of side slope, and geonet 7 is laid the most chimeric "I" shaped block 1, inserting reinforcement waddy 6 in the through hole of "I" shaped block 1, reinforcement waddy 6 is squeezed in the soil layer of side slope slope.Described "I" shaped block 1 mutual interlocking splicing composition protection slope panel, it is inserted into reinforcement waddy 6 every 1.8 meters of central through holes 2 at "I" shaped block 1, reinforcement waddy 6 diameter 5 centimetres, length 1.5 meters, reinforcement waddy 6 front end chopper sharpening, reinforcement waddy 6 uses the weedtree on Rare-earth Mine mountain on the spot."I" shaped block 1 forms flexible protective slope structure after connecting, in "I" shaped block 1 grass seeds germinate, take root after the root hair of grass go deep into side slope soil layer.After grass seeds growth in described "I" shaped block 1, "I" shaped block 1 itself constitutes ecological slope protection structure, and one of "I" shaped block 1 main component is clay, the greening that therefore after bank protection, "I" shaped block 1 and slope soil formation one stablize overall and whole domatic formation one the most attractive in appearance is domatic.The most this slope protection system saves construction costs about 40% than traditional reinforced concrete segment bank protection.
Embodiment 2:
After "I" shaped block 1 described in the utility model is by sand, clay, the weeds of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed, water uniform mixing, put into mould compaction in layers and put into reinforcement bamboo chip 4 compacting form.
Slope protection block as depicted, for the I-shaped structure of regular cube, the size of I-shaped structure meets: c=b=h=0.45 rice, c1=c2=1/3c=0.15 rice, wherein c is "I" shaped block 1 width, c1For I-shaped horizontal stripe width, c2For the groove width of interlocking groove 3, namely I-shaped vertical bar height；The degree of depth of interlocking groove 3 is "I" shaped block 1 length, namely I-shaped horizontal stripe length equal to 1/3b, b；Being provided with one layer of reinforcement bamboo chip 4 at i.e. 0.15 meter height at the 1/3h of "I" shaped block 1 height, be provided with another layer of reinforcement bamboo chip 4 at 2/3h at i.e. 0.3 meter, h is the height of "I" shaped block 1, and described reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is groined type；Being disposed with a through hole 2 at I-shaped vertical bar centrally along "I" shaped block 1 short transverse, a diameter of 6 centimetres of through hole 2, a length of 0.45 meter of the bamboo chip in reinforcement bamboo chip 4, width are all 2 centimetres.
The weight ratio of described "I" shaped block 1 material is: sand: clay: the weeds of cut-out: plant ash: grass seed: water=25%:50%:6%:9.98%:0.02%:9%.
Sand accounts for weight ratio 25%, sand fluvial sand.
Clay accounts for weight ratio 50%, and clay is with general clay.
The weeds cut off account for weight ratio 6%, and weeds use fresh weeds, cut off and be cut into chopper the segment of a length of 5 centimeter length on the spot from Rare-earth Mine side slope.
Plant ash accounts for weight ratio 9.98%, and plant ash is fired with weeds, shrub at the scene and become and make the fertilizer substrate of grass seeds in building block.
Grass seed accounts for weight ratio 0.02%, and seed selects paspalum notatum, and paspalum notatum natural disposition is extensive, and not tight to soil selectivity, on relatively low in fertility, more arid sand, energy for growth is the strongest, and Rare-earth Mine is sand soil.Tiller is vigorous, and subterraneous stem is sturdy, well developed root system, and drought tolerance, tolerance to heat are extremely strong, tolerance to cold still can, shade tolerance is strong, and resistance to stepping on property is strong.Many and the resistance to tramples of basal leaf, stolon is flourishing, and coverage rate is high, and required maintenance management level is low, is southern excellent road bank protection, water and soil conservation and green plants.
Water accounts for weight ratio 9%, water tap water.
Reinforcement bamboo chip 4: using the bamboo chip of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H.de Lebaie processing, bamboo chip is wide 2 centimetres, length 0.45 meter.
The manufacture method of described "I" shaped block 1: after sand, clay, the weeds of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed, water are ready to according to the above ratio, by sand, clay, the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed mixing after stir with spade, then water is poured onto mixing material in carry out mix.The raw material mixed layering is put in "I" shaped block 1 mould that 1 cm thick steel plate is made, then is compacted with pressing plate.When the block material being compacted is positioned at "I" shaped block 1 mold height 0.15 meter, ground floor reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is put on soil layer, places into building block raw material compaction in layers.When being pressed onto "I" shaped block 1 mold height 0.3 meter, second layer reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is put on mould soil layer, puts into "I" shaped block 1 raw material compaction in layers.When last "I" shaped block 1 material is contour with mould, repaves 2 cm thick raw material composite soils at top layer, put steel pressing plate, with 5 kilograms of hammers from from 1.0 meters of height hammering 5."I" shaped block 1 is obtained after the demoulding.
As shown in Figure 4, by I-shaped horizontal stripe width segments c in "I" shaped block 11Insert interlocking groove 3 groove width part c of another "I" shaped block 12In, just complete the most chimeric of "I" shaped block 1, by that analogy, between all "I" shaped blocks 1, form a firm entirety.The through hole 2 of "I" shaped block 1 can reduce the stress of "I" shaped block 1 and concentrate, improves "I" shaped block 1 bulk strength, the service life of prolongation "I" shaped block 1.Through hole 2 can make slope drainage passage, the growth being conducive to grass seeds in "I" shaped block 1 and growth, is simultaneously available for inserting reinforcement waddy 6 to increase the stable of "I" shaped block 1 and the stability of side slope.
As shown in Figure 6, a kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological revetment system, is equipped with geonet 7 on the slope of side slope, and geonet 7 is laid the most chimeric "I" shaped block 1, inserting reinforcement waddy 6 in the through hole 2 of "I" shaped block 1, reinforcement waddy 6 is squeezed in the soil layer of side slope slope.When construction; first side slope 12 domatic is trimmed to step-like; one layer of geotextiles 7 is laid again on side slope slope 5; at at the bottom of slope 11, dig a width and the degree of depth is all the ditch of 0.45 meter; in ditch, splice "I" shaped block 1 again protect the effect of 11 at the bottom of slope to play, on domatic, carry out the splicing of "I" shaped block 1 the most from the bottom up."I" shaped block 1 mutual interlocking splicing composition protection slope panel also becomes ecological soil-baffling structure, is inserted into reinforcement waddy 6, reinforcement waddy 6 diameter 4 centimetres, length 1.0 meters every 0.45 meter of central through hole 2 in building block, and reinforcement waddy 6 front end chopper is fined away."I" shaped block 1 forms flexible protective slope structure after connecting, in "I" shaped block 1, grass seeds root hair of grass after germinateing, taking root gos deep into side slope soil layer, after grass seeds growth in "I" shaped block 1, building block itself constitutes ecological revetment retaining wall, constructing operation is easy, ecological, environmental protective, saving construction costs, this slope protection system saves construction costs about 30% than traditional stone masonry retaining wall.
Embodiment 3:
After "I" shaped block 1 described in the utility model is by sand, clay, the rice straw of cut-out, compound fertilizer, grass seed, water uniform mixing, put into mould compaction in layers and put into reinforcement bamboo chip compacting form.
Slope protection block as shown in the figure, for the I-shaped structure of regular cube, the size of I-shaped structure meets: b=c=h=0.6 rice, c1=c2=1/3c=0.2 rice, wherein c is "I" shaped block width 0.6 meter, c1For I-shaped horizontal stripe width 0.2 meter, c2For the groove width 0.2 meter of interlocking groove 3, namely I-shaped vertical bar height；The degree of depth of interlocking groove 3 is "I" shaped block length 0.6 meter, namely I-shaped horizontal stripe length equal to 1/3b, b；It is provided with one layer of reinforcement bamboo chip 4 at i.e. 0.2 meter at the 1/3h of "I" shaped block 1 height, being provided with another layer of reinforcement bamboo chip 4 at i.e. 0.4 meter at 2/3h, h is the height of "I" shaped block, and described reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is groined type, a width of 3 centimetres of bamboo chip in reinforcement bamboo chip 4, length 0.6 meter；It is disposed with a through hole 2 centrally along "I" shaped block 1 short transverse, a diameter of 8 centimetres of through hole 2 at I-shaped vertical bar.
The weight ratio of described "I" shaped block 1 material is: sand, clay, the rice straw of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed, water=23%:45%:10%:9.95%:0.05%:12%.
Sand accounts for weight ratio 23%, the mining area that the present embodiment is discarded in Rare-earth Mine dump leaching, uses the discarded Rare Earth Mine quarrel cutting to get off on slope.
Clay accounts for weight ratio 45%, and clay is with general clay.
The rice straw cut off accounts for weight ratio 10%, and rice straw chopper is cut into the segment of a length of 8 centimeter length.
Compound fertilizer accounts for weight ratio 9.95%, compound fertilizer's Common compound fertilizer.
Grass seed accounts for weight ratio 0.05%, and seed selects tall grass, tall fescue turf system grass family perennial grass family draft, and Festuca Arundinacea fibrous root is flourishing, uprightly grows thickly, high up to 40 to 70 centimetres.Tall fescue turf strong adaptability, has the advantages such as drought resisting, waterlogging, barren-resistant, life-span length, resistance to trample, and seasonal growth in spring and autumn is very fast, extensive management.
Water accounts for weight ratio 12%, water tap water.
Reinforcement bamboo chip 4: using the bamboo chip of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H.de Lebaie processing, bamboo chip is wide 3 centimetres, length 0.6 meter.
The manufacture method of described "I" shaped block 1: after sand, clay, the rice straw of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed, water are ready to according to the above ratio, by sand, clay, the rice straw of cut-out, plant ash, grass seed mixing after stir with spade, then water is poured onto mixing material in carry out mix.The raw material mixed layering is put in the mould of the "I" shaped block 1 that 1 cm thick steel plate is made, then is compacted with pressing plate.When "I" shaped block 1 material being compacted is positioned at "I" shaped block 1 mold height 0.2 meter, ground floor reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is put on soil layer, places into building block raw material compaction in layers.When being pressed onto "I" shaped block 1 mold height 0.4 meter, second layer reinforcement bamboo chip 4 is put on mould soil layer, puts into "I" shaped block 1 raw material steel pressing plate compaction in layers.When last "I" shaped block 1 material is contour with mould, repaves 5 cm thick raw material composite soils at top layer, put steel pressing plate, with 10 kilograms of hammers from from 2.0 meters of height hammering 10, after the demoulding, obtain "I" shaped block 1.
As shown in Figure 4, by I-shaped horizontal stripe width segments c in "I" shaped block 11Insert interlocking groove 3 groove width part c of another "I" shaped block 12In, just complete the most chimeric of "I" shaped block 1, by that analogy, between all "I" shaped blocks 1, form a firm entirety.The through hole 2 of "I" shaped block 1 can reduce the stress of building block and concentrate, improves "I" shaped block 1 bulk strength, the service life of prolongation "I" shaped block 1.Through hole 2 can make slope drainage passage, the growth being conducive to grass seeds in building block and growth, is inserted simultaneously into reinforcement waddy 6 to increase the stable of building block and the stability of side slope.
As shown in Figure 7, a kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological revetment system, is equipped with geonet 7 on the slope of side slope, and geonet 7 is laid the most chimeric "I" shaped block 1, inserting reinforcement waddy 6 in the through hole 2 of "I" shaped block 1, reinforcement waddy 6 is squeezed in the soil layer of side slope slope 5.
As it is shown in fig. 7, a kind of ion type rareearth mine ecological revetment system, being disposed with gutter 10 at the bottom of the slope of side slope 11, top, slope is disposed with kind of careless ditch 8 and a little tree 9.It is made up of ecological soil-baffling structure and plant ecological protective slope structure.When construction, first side slope 12 domatic is trimmed to step-like classification and puts slope, flatten between two slopes, then put on the slope domatic 5 on slope one layer of geotextiles 7 of laying in classification, from the bottom up on domatic connected mode as shown in Figure 4 carry out "I" shaped block 1 be spliced to form retaining wall.Ecological soil-baffling structure is spliced by the mutual interlocking of "I" shaped block 1, it is inserted into reinforcement waddy 6 every 1.2 meters of through holes 2 at "I" shaped block 1, reinforcement waddy 6 diameter 25 centimetres, length 0.8 1.5 meters, reinforcement waddy 6 front end chopper is fined away, reinforcement waddy 6 uses bamboo willow, and bamboo willow can root after inserting in slope soil."I" shaped block 1 forms flexible protective slope structure after connecting, in "I" shaped block 1, grass seeds root hair of grass after germinateing, taking root gos deep into side slope soil layer, and the "I" shaped block 1 of splicing itself constitutes ecological revetment retaining wall.
Being furnished with kind of careless ditch 8 and a little tree 9 in the slope of leveling, the grass seeds planting grass ditch 8 selects Festuca Arundinacea, plants the grass degree of depth 0.6 meter of ditch 8, the degree of depth 0.4 meter；Little tree 9 selects Citrus sinensis Osbeck.Digging a width 0.6 meter, the gutter 10 of the degree of depth 0.6 meter at the bottom of slope 11, the periphery in side slope 12 digs an annular drainage ditch, lays one layer of "I" shaped block the most chimeric in gutter.Cutting slope off-load and be conducive to the stable constructing operation simplicity of slope body, ecological, environmental protective, save construction costs, the most this slope protection system saves construction costs about 25% than traditional stone masonry retaining wall.
Above-described embodiment forms flexible protective slope structure after building block splicing, in building block grass seeds germinate, take root after the root hair of grass go deep into side slope soil layer, building block itself has ecological functions.Cut slope off-load and be conducive to stablizing of slope body, ecological revetment woods can be formed in kind after tall grass, Citrus sinensis Osbeck tree and can form again industrial crops woods, gutter can be protected rainwater and washes away slope soil and soak, prevent rainwater, the part soil body is taken away in the effect of infiltration, building block and slope soil connect integral, and bamboo willow can be also beneficial to stablizing of side slope after inserting in slope soil after rooting.
Claims (5)
1. an ion type rareearth mine ecological slope protection building block, is characterized in that: for the I-shaped structure of regular cube, the size of I-shaped structure meets: c1=c2=1/3 c,Wherein c is "I" shaped block width, c1For I-shaped horizontal stripe width, c2Groove width for interlocking groove；The degree of depth of interlocking groove is "I" shaped block length equal to 1/3b, b；Being provided with one layer of reinforcement bamboo chip at the 1/3h of "I" shaped block height, be provided with another layer of reinforcement bamboo chip at 2/3h, h is the height of "I" shaped block, and described reinforcement bamboo chip is groined type；It is disposed with a through hole centrally along segment heights direction at I-shaped vertical bar.
A kind of ion type rareearth mine the most according to claim 1 ecological slope protection building block, is characterized in that: described "I" shaped block width c or building block length b or segment heights h are 0.2 meter 1.2 meters, a diameter of 5 centimetres 30 centimetres of through hole.
A kind of ion type rareearth mine the most according to claim 1 ecological slope protection building block, is characterized in that: a width of 15 centimetres of bamboo chip in described reinforcement bamboo chip, length is with "I" shaped block width c.
4. the ecological revetment system being made up of the slope protection block described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the slope of side slope, be equipped with geonet, laying the most chimeric "I" shaped block on geonet, insert reinforcement waddy in the through hole of "I" shaped block, reinforcement waddy is squeezed in the soil layer of side slope slope.
Ecological revetment system the most according to claim 4, is characterized in that: at the bottom of the slope of side slope and periphery is disposed with gutter, laying the most chimeric "I" shaped block in gutter, top, slope is disposed with kind of careless ditch and a little tree.
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| CN105756073A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-07-13 | 江西理工大学 | Ecological slope protection building block of ion type rare earth mine and ecological slope protection system of ion type rare earth mine |
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