CN115839079B - Artificial reconstruction restoration method for underground soil layer in alpine region - Google Patents
Artificial reconstruction restoration method for underground soil layer in alpine region Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115839079B CN115839079B CN202310155599.5A CN202310155599A CN115839079B CN 115839079 B CN115839079 B CN 115839079B CN 202310155599 A CN202310155599 A CN 202310155599A CN 115839079 B CN115839079 B CN 115839079B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- layer
- soil
- permeable
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a manual reconstruction restoration method for an underground soil layer in a alpine region, which comprises the following steps: (1) Basic geological data collection is carried out on original or peripheral soil of the area to be restored and hydrological soil geological conditions of shallow groundwater occurrence, soil layer and groundwater occurrence feature investigation is carried out, and groundwater occurrence features and soil layer features of the area to be restored are determined; (2) Determining the bottom layer position, the top layer position and the thickness of each layering of the soil layer of the area to be repaired according to the underground water occurrence characteristics and the soil layer characteristics determined in the step (1), and determining the composition of the artificial reconstruction materials of each layering; (3) After the pit backfilling and leveling of the area to be repaired are completed, compacting the backfilled area and cleaning unstable rock mass; (4) laying a substrate layer over the backfill region; (5) Alternately paving a plurality of permeable layers and a plurality of water-resisting layers from bottom to top, and compacting again; (6) And (3) reconstructing the water and soil conservation layer above the uppermost water-resisting layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plateau mine land restoration, and particularly relates to a manual reconstruction restoration method for an underground soil layer in a alpine region.
Background
Frozen soil is widely distributed in the high and cold areas of the plateau in China, in the frozen soil area, the frozen soil is relatively stable and widely distributed, the water-proof effect, the seasonal alternate freezing and thawing of the seasonal frozen soil, the special hydrothermal conditions and other factors influence the complex change of shallow groundwater in the aquifer of the frozen layer, and the special changes of frost heaving, thawing and frost heaving and the like are also caused in the surface soil. In addition, if the ecological system and function stability supported by the coupling effect of the organisms such as vegetation and various environmental factors, energy circulation exchange and various processes are considered, the coupling effect of water in different circulation modes in different hydrologic characteristic structural layers such as the earth surface, soil, aquifer and the inside thereof and the long-term maintenance and effective exchange of nutrient components in the soil are not separated from each other. In the ecological environment recovery treatment of the alpine region, the important factors and the action process are manually optimized and interfered, a more scientific ecological environment recovery treatment path is searched, and the ecological environment recovery treatment method plays an important role in exchanging substances and energy of an ecological system of a mine region in the alpine region, maintaining life activities and functions and the like.
In the prior art, the focus of engineering measures is often focused on the problems of landform change, pit backfilling, soil covering, soil source shortage, vegetation recovery and the like caused by the development of the surface and the surface mine close to the surface in the alpine region. In general, the ecological environment is restored and protected by adopting a mode of covering soil by artificial soil and sowing grass seeds, and various secondary ecological environment problems related to water and soil such as water and soil loss, poor vegetation growth, serious local ponding, water accumulation and seedling flooding can often occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a manual reconstruction restoration method for an underground soil layer in a alpine region, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Basic geological data collection is carried out on original or peripheral soil of the area to be restored and hydrological soil geological conditions of shallow groundwater occurrence, soil layer and groundwater occurrence feature investigation is carried out, and groundwater occurrence features and soil layer features of the area to be restored are determined;
(2) Determining the bottom layer position, the top layer position and the thickness of each layering of the soil layer of the area to be repaired according to the underground water occurrence characteristics and the soil layer characteristics determined in the step (1), and determining the composition of the artificial reconstruction materials of each layering;
(3) After the pit backfilling and leveling of the area to be repaired are completed, compacting the backfilled area and cleaning unstable rock mass;
(4) Paving a basal layer above the backfill area, and compacting;
(5) Alternately paving a plurality of permeable layers and a plurality of water-resisting layers from bottom to top, and compacting again;
(6) And (3) reconstructing the water and soil conservation layer above the uppermost water-resisting layer.
Optionally, in the step (1), the basic geological data includes, but is not limited to, climate conditions of the area to be repaired, vegetation type, land type, soil profile layering and composition, distribution and bottom border depth of seasonal frozen soil, hydrogeological features of aquifers in the frozen layer, wherein the climate conditions include rainfall and temperature, and the hydrogeological features of the aquifers include aquifer water content, water quality type, aquifer and water-blocking layer structure and horizon position;
the soil layer and groundwater occurrence feature investigation includes, but is not limited to, hydrogeology investigation, remote sensing, shallow drilling and groove exploration of the area to be repaired; and (3) obtaining characteristic information of each layered hydrologic soil of the area to be repaired through the step (1), determining the occurrence characteristics and the soil layer characteristics of underground water, and providing geological basis for the design of manually reconstructed soil sections (models) of each layered hydrologic soil of the open pit.
The underground water occurrence characteristic is the depth of the diving water level and the hydrologic characteristic of the hydrologic soil geological stratification. The soil layer features are the position, composition, depth of the characteristic horizon of the hydrosoil geological stratification, the depth of the vegetation root system, the bottom boundary depth, bottom boundary depth and thickness of the seasonal frozen soil.
Optionally, in step (2), according to the positions of the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer of the peripheral original soil, the positions of the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer of the to-be-repaired area are determined, so that the permeable layer of the to-be-repaired area is correspondingly connected with the position and the thickness of the permeable layer of the peripheral original soil, the water-resisting layer of the to-be-repaired area is correspondingly connected with the position and the thickness of the water-resisting layer of the peripheral original soil, and the top is finished by the water-resisting layer.
Optionally, in the step (3), before the mine of the area to be repaired or the pit of the area to be repaired is repaired by adopting the manual reconstruction repairing method, the traditional backfilling and leveling are carried out, and the distance between the surface after backfilling and the bottom boundary depth of the surrounding seasonal frozen soil is 2-3m;
compacting the backfill area, wherein the compaction coefficient is 0.85+/-0.01;
and (3) cleaning unstable rock mass, namely cleaning out the rock mass which is still easy to loosen or shift or collapse after compaction, backfilling and compacting vacancies which are vacated again, and laying a stable substrate for subsequent manual earthing and greening.
Optionally, in the step (4), the thickness of the base layer is 2-3m, and the compaction coefficient is 0.85+/-0.01;
the material of the substrate layer comprises first mudstone, clay and first sandstone; 30-50 parts of clay and 27-49 parts of first sandstone relative to 100 parts of first mudstone by mass; the grain size of the first sandstone is 5-10cm, and the grain size of the first mudstone is less than 5cm.
The materials of the basal layer are uniformly mixed, backfilled and paved, compacted and then uniformly applied with water.
Optionally, in the step (5), the thickness of the permeable layer is 0.5-1.0m, the thickness of the water-resisting layer is 0.3-0.5m, the compaction coefficient is 0.80+/-0.01, the total thickness of the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer is equal to the thickness of seasonal frozen soil around the area to be repaired, the permeable layer is used as a bottom layer, the water-resisting layer is used as a top layer, the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer are alternately paved, and water is uniformly applied after one-time compaction.
Optionally, the material of the permeable layer comprises a second mudstone, salts and a second sandstone; relative to 100 parts by mass of second sandstone, 40-60 parts of second mudstone, 5-15 parts of salt and 5-10cm of particle size of the second mudstone and the second sandstone;
the salts include potassium, sodium, ammonium and calcium salts such as calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, quaternary ammonium salts and the like. The water-permeable layer can be mostly dissolved in water when backfilling and water application, and is uniformly distributed in mudstone and sandstone, when the air temperature is lower than zero degree, a relatively uniform freezing structure is formed in the water-permeable layer, meanwhile, the water-retaining capacity Shui Han of the water-permeable layer is improved, the fertility of the water-permeable layer can be increased, and plants are easier to survive when planted after the water-permeable layer is repaired.
Optionally, the material of the water-resistant layer comprises a third mudstone and a third sandstone; the salt is prepared from (by weight) 56-90 parts of third sandstone, 5-16 parts of salt, and the particle size of the third sandstone is 5-10cm.
Optionally, the step (6) specifically includes the following steps:
(a) Paving an improved layer with the thickness of 0.10-0.15m, wherein the material of the improved layer comprises fourth mudstone and first siltstone;
(b) Paving a plurality of parallel water-retaining dark ridges, wherein the distance between every two adjacent water-retaining dark ridges is 10-15m, and then uniformly applying water;
(c) Paving an artificial soil layer above the improved layer between adjacent water-retaining dark ridges, and then uniformly applying water;
(d) Digging a plurality of ecological water intercepting and draining branch ditches which are parallel to each other above the artificial soil layer, wherein the distance between adjacent ecological water intercepting and draining branch ditches is 20-25m;
(e) Digging an ecological drainage intercepting main ditch above the artificial soil layer, wherein the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch is perpendicular to the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch.
Optionally, in step (a), the first siltstone is 35-46 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the fourth mudstone, the particle sizes of the fourth mudstone and the first siltstone are both greater than 5cm, and the rock block accounts for less than 50%.
Optionally, in the step (b), the vertical section of the water-retaining dark ridge is trapezoid, the bottom width is 0.3m, the top width is 0.2m, and the thickness (i.e. the height) is 0.15-0.20m;
the materials of the water-retaining dark ridge comprise fifth mudstone, second siltstone, sandy soil, organic fertilizer and sheep manure, wherein relative to 100 parts by mass of the fifth mudstone, the second siltstone is 30-55 parts, the sandy soil is 23-36 parts, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu, and the application amount of the sheep manure is 30-35 square/mu;
the grain size of the fifth mudstone is smaller than 5cm, the grain size of the second siltstone is larger than 5cm, and the rock block accounts for less than 50%.
Optionally, in the step (c), the thickness of the artificial soil layer is equal to that of the improved layer, and the material and the proportion of the artificial soil layer are the same as those of the improved layer; the upper surface of the artificial soil layer has a gradient of 1-2 degrees and is inclined towards the ecological drainage intercepting and supporting ditch direction;
the upper surface of the artificial soil layer forms a wavy fall fluctuation vein network with the depth of 4 cm to 5cm through an artificial harrow plow, and is used for conserving a water source.
Optionally, in the step (d), the vertical section of the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the bottom width is 0.3-0.4m, the top width is 0.5-0.6m, and the depth is 0.6m;
backfilling the conservation water section after the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch is dug and formed, wherein the thickness of the conservation water section is half of the depth of the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch; the conservation water section comprises sixth mudstone, fourth sandstone, sandy soil and salts; the volume ratio of the sixth mudstone is 30-50 parts, the sand is 7-17 parts and the salt is 4-13 parts relative to 100 parts by mass of the fourth sandstone;
the particle diameters of the sixth mudstone and the fourth sandstone are 5-10cm, and the salts are the same as those of the permeable layer;
the upper surface of the conservation water section has a gradient of 1-2 degrees and is inclined towards the direction of the ecological drainage interception main ditch.
Optionally, in the step (e), the vertical section of the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the bottom width is 0.5-0.8m, the top width is 0.8-1.2m, and the depth is 0.5m; the bottom surface of the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch has a slope of 2-3 degrees.
Optionally, after the step (e), planting green grass seeds on the artificial soil layer, on the conservation water section of the ecological drainage-intercepting branch ditch and in the ecological drainage-intercepting main ditch, so as to further improve the water conservation capacity. The grass seed is selected from the group consisting of plateau pasture, moss or lichen.
Optionally, the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch and the water-retaining hidden ridge can be parallel, inclined or vertical to each other; the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch is mutually perpendicular to the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch.
The invention utilizes the original or peripheral basic geological data of the area to be repaired, and then utilizes the technical means of remote sensing, shallow drilling, groove detection, hydrogeology and special geological investigation of ecological environment to simulate the underground water occurrence characteristics and soil layer characteristics of the original soil and the shallow hydrologic layer on the basis of recognizing the peripheral soil and the shallow hydrologic characteristic information of the excavated area of the earth surface, so as to establish an artificial reconstruction soil profile original model, namely, the bottom layer position, the top layer position and the thickness of each layer of the soil layer of the area to be repaired are determined, and the composition of the artificial reconstruction material of each layer is determined.
Then, by construction measures such as layered backfilling, laying, compacting, excavating drainage ditches and the like, the structure and functions are similar to those of surrounding original soil through the design of a surface vein system, an ecological drainage intercepting ditch, vegetation planting, a water retaining hidden ridge and structural layering, and the effects of conserving water sources, retaining water and soil, inhibiting ineffective evaporation and water are achieved through controlling and allocating slope water flow and seepage and side flow in soil, and the growth of the regreening vegetation and the recovery of an ecological system are better supported. In addition, the method replaces the traditional method of covering soil by the foreign soil, all the used soil such as rock soil, sand soil and the like are slag and stone waste stripped in the past of mines, and the screening of slag and stone changes waste into valuable, so that the manpower, material resources and financial resources for repairing and treating are greatly reduced, and the secondary soil and vegetation damage possibly caused by the foreign soil is avoided.
The edge of the area of the artificial soil layer is provided with a water-retaining hidden ridge to prevent water loss of the artificial soil layer, and redundant water on the artificial soil layer is discharged into an ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch and then is converged into an ecological drainage intercepting main ditch to be uniformly discharged. The water-resisting layer and the permeable layer are alternately arranged below the improvement layer, and most of the redundant water which cannot be maintained in the artificial soil layer and the improvement layer is drained by the ecological drainage-intercepting branch ditch, cannot permeate downwards through the water-resisting layer, so that loss of part of water is caused.
Optionally, in the step (d), a plurality of vertically arranged water permeable pipes are uniformly embedded in the ecological water interception and drainage branch ditch, the water permeable pipes divide the water conservation section into a plurality of sections in the length direction, the upper surface of one water conservation section between two adjacent water permeable pipes has a gradient of 1-2 degrees, and the inclination directions of all the segmented water conservation sections are the same;
the utility model discloses a ecological drainage ditch, including the water pipe, the water pipe is established in the lower one end of every section of conservation water section, and the top mouth of pipe of water pipe flushes with the upper surface of the conservation water section that corresponds, and the bottom mouth of pipe of water pipe seals and is in the thin permeable layer of bottommost, and the water pipe corresponds the position of every thin permeable layer and all is equipped with the opening for with ecological drainage branch ditch in unnecessary moisture guide row into thin permeable layer.
When the thickness of one or a plurality of permeable layers at the top is thinner, the thin permeable layer is called as a thin permeable layer, the thickness of the thin permeable layer is smaller than 0.7m, the plurality of thin permeable layers and the water-resisting layers therein are collectively called as permeable belts, and the shallower the underground depth, the easier the thin permeable layer appears, and the water content of the thin permeable layer is less. The thick permeable layer is arranged below the permeable belt, and is relatively thin, the thickness of the thick permeable layer is 0.7-1m, and the water source conservation capacity is stronger. The permeable pipe penetrates through the thin permeable layers and the water-resisting layers, the pipe orifice at the bottom extends to the thin permeable layer at the bottommost part, ground rainwater or accumulated water is guided to each thin permeable layer, the permeable pipe is required for growth of the root system of the ground plant, and meanwhile underground ditch circulation of the permeable layer below the permeable belt and the peripheral original permeable layer is not influenced.
Further optionally, the permeable pipe is of a hollow rigid structure, at least the interior of the permeable pipe is filled with permeable soil, a filter screen is arranged at the pipe orifice of the top of the permeable pipe, and rock soil in the water conservation section is prevented from falling into the permeable pipe;
the water permeable soil is not filled in the area inside the water permeable pipe and corresponding to the uppermost water barrier, so that the water entering the water permeable pipe is allowed to directly pass through the uppermost water barrier to reach the uppermost thin water permeable layer;
the soil permeable material comprises 100 parts by mass of second sandstone and 40-60 parts by mass of second mudstone.
Further optionally, the opening of the corresponding thin permeable layer of the permeable pipe is a circle of hollow-out part of the permeable pipe side wall, the circumference of the opening is smaller than that of the permeable pipe side wall, the opening is arranged on the upper portion of the corresponding thin permeable layer, so that moisture flowing down along the permeable pipe flows into the upper portion of the corresponding thin permeable layer through the opening, and then the moisture continuously permeates into the thin permeable layer.
Further optionally, a layer of water-proof soil is arranged below each opening, and the thickness of the water-proof soil is 0.2-0.3m; the material of the water-proof soil comprises the third mudstone and the third sandstone with equal mass parts, so that the permeation speed of water in the water-proof soil part is smaller than that in the water-permeable soil part, and further, the time is reserved for the permeation of water to the thin water-permeable layer through the opening, and the water can flow downwards to the next opening after fully permeating to the thin water-permeable layer.
The permeable pipe is used for guiding the redundant water quantity on the water conservation section of the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch downwards and penetrating into each thin permeable layer of the permeable pipe below, so that the water conservation and water retention performance of the whole soil layer is improved. The water permeable pipe is used as a sign, the water conservation section is equally divided into a plurality of sections, and the water permeable pipe is arranged at the lower end of each water conservation section, so that water can be conveniently received. The upper surface of the ecological water interception and drainage branch ditch is basically flush with the upper surface of the artificial soil layer, the water conservation section basically corresponds to the uppermost part of the water-resisting layer, water directly flows through the part corresponding to the uppermost part of the water-resisting layer, and the whole permeation time is shortened.
The permeable pipe is filled with permeable soil, the composition of the permeable soil is the same as that of the permeable layer, but the permeable soil does not comprise salts of the permeable layer, so that the permeable performance of the permeable soil and the permeable layer is approximately the same, the permeation of moisture in the permeable soil can delay the downflow speed of the water, the water body in the pipe is prevented from falling too fast, and the moisture can not be fully permeated into each thin permeable layer.
In the preferred scheme, a section of water-proof soil is arranged below each opening, so that the water permeation speed can be further reduced, time is striven for the water permeation to the thin water-permeable layers, each thin water-permeable layer can be fully permeated, the water-proof capacity of the water-proof soil is known by the composition of the water-proof soil, the water permeation speed of the water can be effectively reduced, and the water permeation is not seriously blocked.
When the inside of the permeable pipe is empty, rainwater directly flows to the bottom of the permeable pipe after entering the permeable pipe, and permeates preferentially to the thin permeable layer at the lowest layer, and permeates to the thin permeable layer at the next lower layer after the water absorption of the thin permeable layer at the lowest layer is nearly saturated, so that the rainwater permeates from bottom to top to the thin permeable layer, but the stratum pressure of the thin permeable layer below is larger, so that the water permeation speed is lower. When permeable soil is filled in the permeable pipe, rainwater firstly permeates into the uppermost thin permeable layer after entering the permeable pipe, and then permeates into the next upper thin permeable layer after the uppermost thin permeable layer absorbs water to be saturated, so that the rainwater permeates into the upper thin permeable layer from top to bottom, the stratum pressure of the upper thin permeable layer is smaller, and the water permeation speed is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a manual reconstruction restoration method for an underground soil layer in a alpine region;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an ecological drainage cut-off branch channel and a permeable pipe according to embodiment 5;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water permeable tube of example 6;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the water permeable tube of example 7.
In the attached drawings, a 1-permeable pipe, a 2-water-resisting layer, a 3-thin permeable layer, a 4-opening, 5-permeable soil, 6-water-resisting soil and 7-conservation water sections are arranged.
Detailed Description
The following examples and comparative examples are all small-scale artificial simulation experiments performed in severe cold mining areas, the area of the area to be repaired being 20m 2 。
Example 1
The manual reconstruction restoration method for the underground soil layer in the alpine region provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Basic geological data collection is carried out on original or peripheral soil of the area to be restored and hydrological soil geological conditions of shallow groundwater occurrence, soil layer and groundwater occurrence feature investigation is carried out, and groundwater occurrence features and soil layer features of the area to be restored are determined;
the basic geological data comprise climate conditions, vegetation types, land types, soil profile layering and composition, seasonal frozen soil distribution and bottom boundary depth of a region to be repaired, and hydrogeological characteristics of an aquifer in a frozen layer, wherein the climate conditions comprise rainfall and temperature, and the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer comprise the aquifer water content, water quality types, structures of the aquifer and layer positions;
the investigation of the occurrence characteristics of the soil layer and the underground water comprises the steps of adopting hydrogeology and ecological environment special geological investigation, remote sensing, shallow drilling and groove exploration to the area to be repaired;
the underground water occurrence characteristic is the depth of the diving water level and the hydrologic characteristic of the hydrologic soil geological stratification; the soil layer features are the feature horizon position, composition, depth of hydrosoil geological stratification, vegetation root depth, bottom boundary depth and thickness of seasonal frozen soil;
(2) Determining the bottom layer position, the top layer position and the thickness of each layering of the soil layer of the area to be repaired according to the underground water occurrence characteristics and the soil layer characteristics determined in the step (1), and determining the composition of the artificial reconstruction materials of each layering;
determining the positions of the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer of the area to be repaired according to the positions of the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer of the peripheral original soil, so that the permeable layer of the area to be repaired is correspondingly connected with the position and the thickness of the permeable layer of the peripheral original soil, the water-resisting layer of the area to be repaired is correspondingly connected with the position and the thickness of the water-resisting layer of the peripheral original soil, and the top of the area to be repaired is ended by the water-resisting layer;
(3) After the pit backfilling and leveling of the area to be repaired are completed, compacting the backfilled area and cleaning unstable rock mass;
before the mine of the area to be repaired or the pit of the area to be repaired is repaired by adopting the manual reconstruction repairing method, the traditional backfilling and leveling are carried out, and the distance between the backfilled earth surface and the bottom boundary depth of the surrounding seasonal frozen soil is 2m;
compacting the backfill area, wherein the compaction coefficient is 0.85+/-0.01;
the unstable rock mass is cleaned, namely the rock mass which is still easy to loosen or shift or collapse after compaction is cleaned out, and the vacant site which is vacant again is backfilled and compacted;
(4) Paving a basal layer with the thickness of 2m above the backfill area, compacting, wherein the compaction coefficient is 0.85+/-0.01, and then uniformly applying water;
the material of the substrate layer comprises first mudstone, clay and first sandstone; 30 parts of clay and 27 parts of first sandstone relative to 100 parts by mass of first mudstone; the grain size of the first sandstone is 5-10cm, and the grain size of the first mudstone is less than 5cm; the materials of the basal layer are uniformly mixed, backfilled and paved;
(5) Alternately paving 20 permeable layers and 20 water-resisting layers from bottom to top, compacting again, and uniformly applying water, wherein the compaction coefficient is 0.80+/-0.01;
the thickness of the permeable layer is 1m, the thickness of the water-resisting layer is 0.5m, the total thickness of the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer is equal to the thickness (30 meters) of seasonal frozen soil around the area to be repaired, and the permeable layer is used as a bottom layer and the water-resisting layer is used as a top layer for being paved alternately;
the permeable layer comprises second mudstone, salts and second sandstone; the second mudstone is 40 parts by mass, the salt is 5 parts by mass, and the particle sizes of the second mudstone and the second sandstone are 5-10cm relative to 100 parts by mass of the second sandstone;
the salts are calcium chloride, potassium chloride and quaternary ammonium salt with equal mass;
the material of the waterproof layer comprises third mudstone and third sandstone; the method comprises the following steps of (1) relative to 100 parts by mass of third mudstone, 56 parts of third sandstone, 5 parts of salt, and 5-10cm of particle size of the third mudstone, wherein the particle size of the third mudstone is smaller than 5cm;
(6) The water and soil conservation layer reconstruction is carried out above the uppermost water-resisting layer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Paving an improved layer with the thickness of 0.15m, wherein the material of the improved layer comprises fourth mudstone and first siltstone; the first siltstone is 35 parts relative to 100 parts by mass of the fourth siltstone, the particle sizes of the fourth siltstone and the first siltstone are both larger than 5cm, and the block stone ratio is smaller than 50%;
(b) Paving ten parallel water-retaining dark ridges, wherein the distance between every two adjacent water-retaining dark ridges is 10m, and then uniformly applying water;
the vertical section of the water-retaining hidden ridge is trapezoid, the bottom width is 0.3m, the top width is 0.2m, and the thickness (i.e. the height) is 0.15m;
the materials of the water-retaining dark ridge comprise fifth mudstone, second siltstone, sandy soil, organic fertilizer and sheep manure, wherein relative to 100 parts by mass of the fifth mudstone, 30 parts of the second siltstone, 23 parts of the sandy soil, 1500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 30 square/mu of sheep manure are applied; the grain size of the fifth mudstone is smaller than 5cm, the grain size of the second siltstone is larger than 5cm, and the block stone accounts for less than 50%;
(c) Paving an artificial soil layer with the thickness of 0.15m above the improved layer between adjacent water-retaining dark ridges, and then uniformly applying water;
the material and the proportion of the artificial soil layer are the same as those of the improved layer; the upper surface of the artificial soil layer has a gradient of 1-2 degrees and is inclined towards the ecological drainage intercepting and supporting ditch direction;
the upper surface of the artificial soil layer forms a wavy fall fluctuation vein network with the depth of 4 cm to 5cm through an artificial harrow plow;
(d) Digging five ecological drainage intercepting branch ditches which are parallel to each other above the artificial soil layer, wherein the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditches are parallel to the water retention hidden ridges, and the spacing between the adjacent ecological drainage intercepting branch ditches is 20m;
the vertical section of the ecological intercepting and draining branch ditch is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the bottom width is 0.3m, the top width is 0.5m, and the depth is 0.6m;
backfilling the conservation water section after the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch is dug and formed, wherein the thickness of the conservation water section is half of the depth of the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch; the conservation water section comprises sixth mudstone, fourth sandstone, sandy soil and salts; the volume ratio of the sixth mudstone is 30 parts, the sand is 7 parts, and the salt is 4 parts relative to 100 parts by mass of the fourth sandstone;
the particle diameters of the sixth mudstone and the fourth sandstone are 5-10cm, and the salts are the same as those of the permeable layer;
the upper surface of the conservation water section has a gradient of 1-2 degrees and is inclined towards the direction of the ecological drainage interception main ditch;
(e) Digging an ecological drainage intercepting main ditch above the artificial soil layer, wherein the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch is perpendicular to the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch;
the vertical section of the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the bottom width is 0.5m, the top width is 0.8m, and the depth is 0.5m; the bottom surface of the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch has a slope of 2-3 degrees.
After the step (e), planting the green grass seeds on the artificial soil layer, on the conservation water section of the ecological drainage-intercepting branch ditch and in the ecological drainage-intercepting main ditch, so as to further improve the water conservation capacity. The grass seeds are plateau pasture, moss and lichen.
Comparative example 1
The method for repairing the underground soil layer in the alpine region by artificial reconstruction provided by the comparative example is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that in the step (5), the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer are not alternately paved, the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer with half of seasonal frozen soil thickness are paved above the basal layer after the artificial soil layer thickness is deducted, namely, only one permeable layer and one water-resisting layer are paved, and water is uniformly applied after being compacted again.
The cumulative thickness of the permeable and waterproof layers of example 1 and comparative example 1 corresponds to a seasonal frozen soil layer, the recovery time of the frozen soil layer of example 1 is 5 months, and the recovery time of the frozen soil layer of comparative example 1 is 13 months.
The recovery standard of seasonal frozen soil is a winter frozen soil season and a summer frozen soil ablation season, when the winter frozen soil season is excavated, the frozen soil section can be provided with a cavity or a gap structure, and ice particles or frozen fillers can be seen in the cavity or the gap; as a supplement, the surface layer is a conventional soil layer when the ablation season is excavated in summer, and the soil layer with higher humidity is a seasonal frozen soil layer.
Example 2
The method for repairing the underground soil layer in the alpine region by artificial reconstruction provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different in that the step (b) is not performed, namely, no water-retaining hidden ridge is paved, and an artificial soil layer is directly paved on the improved layer.
Example 3
The method for repairing the underground soil layer in the alpine region by artificial reconstruction provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different in that the step (d) is not performed, namely, an ecological drainage intercepting and supporting ditch is not dug, an ecological drainage intercepting and supporting main ditch is dug directly on the artificial soil layer, and the ecological drainage intercepting and supporting main ditch is perpendicular to the water-retaining dark ridges.
Example 4
The method for repairing the underground soil layer in the alpine region by artificial reconstruction provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different in that in the step (d), a conservation water section is not paved in the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch.
Example 5
The method for repairing the underground soil layer in the alpine region by artificial reconstruction is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different in that in the step (d), as shown in fig. 2, three vertically arranged water permeable pipes 1 are uniformly embedded in one ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch, the three water permeable pipes 1 divide the water-saving section 7 into four sections in the length direction, the upper surface of one water-saving section 7 between two adjacent water permeable pipes 1 has a gradient of 1-2 degrees, and the inclination directions of all the segmented water-saving sections 7 are the same; the height of the higher end of each conservation water section 7 is the same, and the height of the lower end is the same;
the permeable pipe 1 is arranged at the lower end of each conservation water section 7, the top pipe orifice of the permeable pipe 1 is flush with the upper surface of the corresponding conservation water section 7, the bottom pipe orifice of the permeable pipe 1 is closed and positioned in the bottommost thin permeable layer, and the position of the permeable pipe 1 corresponding to each thin permeable layer 3 is provided with an opening 4 for guiding and discharging redundant water in the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch into the thin permeable layer 3.
The permeable pipe 1 is of a hollow rigid structure, a filter screen is arranged at the pipe orifice of the top, and rock and soil of the water conservation section 7 is prevented from falling into the permeable pipe 1. The opening 4 of the corresponding thin permeable layer 3 of the permeable pipe 1 is a circle of hollowed-out side wall of the permeable pipe 1, the circumference of the opening 4 is smaller than that of the side wall of the permeable pipe 1, and the opening 4 is arranged on the upper part of the corresponding thin permeable layer 3 and is provided with a filter screen.
Example 6
The method for repairing the underground soil layer in the alpine region by artificial reconstruction provided in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 5, and is different in that, as shown in fig. 3, the permeable pipe 1 is internally filled with permeable soil 5, and the region inside the permeable pipe 1 and corresponding to the uppermost water-resisting layer 2 is not filled with permeable soil 5;
the material of the permeable soil 5 includes 100 parts by mass of the second sandstone and 40 parts by mass of the second mudstone. No filter screen is provided at the opening 4.
Example 7
The method for repairing the underground soil layer in the alpine region by artificial reconstruction is the same as that in the embodiment 6, and is different in that, as shown in fig. 4, a layer of water-proof soil 6 is arranged below each opening 4, and the thickness of the water-proof soil 6 is 0.2m; the material of the water-proof soil 6 comprises the third mudstone and the third sandstone with equal mass parts.
After the restoration is completed, after the seasonal frozen soil layer formed by the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer is restored, water is uniformly sprayed on the restoration area manually and used for simulating rainfall, and the simulated rainfall per hour is equal to the highest rainfall within 5 years before the alpine mining area. Specifically, the seasonal frozen soil layer recovery times of examples 1 to 7 are approximately the same, both are 5 months, and the seasonal frozen soil layer recovery time of comparative example 1 is 13 months; the peak of rainfall generally occurs in summer, and thus, the simulated rainfall is also carried out in summer (8 months).
Table 1 comparison of the Water retaining effects of examples and comparative examples
The time for obvious water accumulation on the earth surface is the time for obvious water accumulation on the earth surface under the condition that the peak rainfall is continuous and the drainage amount of the ecological intercepting and drainage main ditch is the same.
Under the condition that the rainfall and the rainfall are the same, the longer the obvious ponding appears on the ground surface, the stronger the absorption energy of the ground to rainfall, namely the stronger the conservation capacity to moisture. According to the artificial reconstruction restoration method for the underground soil layer in the alpine region, the water retention hidden ridge, the ecological drainage interception main ditch, the ecological drainage interception branch ditch and the water permeable pipe have positive effects on the water permeability and water absorption performance of the ground soil layer, can rapidly permeate water and absorb water, retain precipitation in the soil layer and take care of a water source.
Claims (9)
1. The manual reconstruction restoration method for the underground soil layer in the alpine region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Basic geological data collection is carried out on original or peripheral soil of the area to be restored and hydrological soil geological conditions of shallow groundwater occurrence, soil layer and groundwater occurrence feature investigation is carried out, and groundwater occurrence features and soil layer features of the area to be restored are determined;
(2) Determining the bottom layer position, the top layer position and the thickness of each layering of the soil layer of the area to be repaired according to the underground water occurrence characteristics and the soil layer characteristics determined in the step (1), and determining the composition of the artificial reconstruction materials of each layering;
(3) After the pit backfilling and leveling of the area to be repaired are completed, compacting the backfilled area and cleaning unstable rock mass;
(4) Paving a basal layer above the backfill area, and compacting;
(5) Alternately paving a plurality of permeable layers and a plurality of water-resisting layers from bottom to top, and compacting again;
(6) Reconstructing a water and soil conservation layer above the uppermost water-resisting layer;
the step (6) specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Paving an improved layer with the thickness of 0.10-0.15m, wherein the material of the improved layer comprises fourth mudstone and first siltstone;
(b) Paving a plurality of parallel water-retaining dark ridges, wherein the distance between every two adjacent water-retaining dark ridges is 10-15m, and then uniformly applying water;
(c) Paving an artificial soil layer above the improved layer between adjacent water-retaining dark ridges, and then uniformly applying water;
(d) Digging a plurality of ecological water intercepting and draining branch ditches which are parallel to each other above the artificial soil layer, wherein the distance between adjacent ecological water intercepting and draining branch ditches is 20-25m;
(e) Digging an ecological drainage intercepting main ditch above the artificial soil layer, wherein the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch is perpendicular to the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch;
in the step (d), after the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch is dug and formed, backfilling the conservation water section, wherein the upper surface of the conservation water section has a gradient of 1-2 degrees and is inclined towards the direction of the ecological drainage intercepting main ditch;
in the step (d), a plurality of vertically arranged water permeable pipes are uniformly embedded in the ecological water interception and drainage branch ditch, the water permeable pipes divide the water conservation section into a plurality of sections in the length direction, the upper surface of one water conservation section between two adjacent water permeable pipes has a gradient of 1-2 degrees, and the inclination directions of all the segmented water conservation sections are the same;
the water permeable pipes are arranged at one lower end of each conservation water section, the top pipe orifices of the water permeable pipes are flush with the upper surfaces of the corresponding conservation water sections, the bottom pipe orifices of the water permeable pipes are closed and positioned in the bottommost thin water permeable layers, and openings are arranged at positions of the water permeable pipes corresponding to each thin water permeable layer and used for guiding and draining the redundant water in the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditches into the thin water permeable layers;
when the thickness of the water permeable layer or layers on top is thin, the thickness of the water permeable layer is less than 0.7m;
the permeable pipe is of a hollow rigid structure, and permeable soil is filled in the permeable pipe;
the water permeable soil is not filled in the area inside the water permeable pipe and corresponding to the uppermost water barrier, so that the water entering the water permeable pipe is allowed to directly pass through the uppermost water barrier to reach the uppermost thin water permeable layer;
the openings are arranged at the upper parts of the corresponding thin permeable layers, so that the water flowing down along the permeable pipes can flow into the upper parts of the corresponding thin permeable layers through the openings, and then continuously permeate into the thin permeable layers;
and a layer of water-proof soil is arranged below each opening, so that the permeation speed of water in the water-proof soil part is smaller than that in the water-permeable soil part, and the time is reserved for the permeation of water to the thin water-permeable layer through the opening, so that the water can flow downwards to the next opening after fully permeating to the thin water-permeable layer.
2. The method for artificially reconstructing and restoring an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the basic geological data comprise climate conditions, vegetation types, land types, soil profile layering and composition, seasonal frozen soil distribution and bottom boundary depth, and hydrogeologic characteristics of an aquifer in a frozen layer of the region to be restored;
the investigation of the occurrence characteristics of the soil layer and the underground water comprises the steps of adopting hydrogeology and ecological environment special geological investigation, remote sensing, shallow drilling and groove exploration to the area to be repaired;
the underground water occurrence characteristic is the depth of the diving water level and the hydrologic characteristic of the hydrologic soil geological stratification; the soil layer features are the position, composition, depth of the characteristic horizon of the hydrosoil geological stratification, the depth of the vegetation root system, the bottom boundary depth, bottom boundary depth and thickness of the seasonal frozen soil.
3. The method for artificially reconstructing and repairing an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mine of the region to be repaired or the pit of the mine region is subjected to conventional backfilling and leveling before being repaired by adopting the artificial reconstructing and repairing method, and the distance between the surface of the backfilled earth and the bottom boundary depth of the surrounding seasonal frozen soil is 2-3m.
4. The method for artificially reconstructing and repairing an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the thickness of the basal layer is 2-3m; the material of the substrate layer comprises first mudstone, clay and first sandstone; 30-50 parts of clay and 27-49 parts of first sandstone relative to 100 parts of first mudstone by mass; the grain size of the first sandstone is 5-10cm, and the grain size of the first mudstone is less than 5cm.
5. The method for artificially reconstructing and repairing an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the thickness of the permeable layer is 0.5-1.0m, the thickness of the water-resisting layer is 0.3-0.5m, the total thickness of the permeable layer and the water-resisting layer is equal to the thickness of seasonal frozen soil around the region to be repaired, and the water-resisting layer is used as a top layer for finishing alternate paving, and water is uniformly applied after one-time compaction.
6. The method for artificial reconstruction and restoration of an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 5, wherein the material of the permeable layer includes second mudstone, salt and second sandstone; relative to 100 parts by mass of second sandstone, 40-60 parts of second mudstone, 5-15 parts of salt and 5-10cm of particle size of the second mudstone and the second sandstone;
the material of the waterproof layer comprises third mudstone and third sandstone; the salt is prepared from (by weight) 56-90 parts of third sandstone, 5-16 parts of salt, and the particle size of the third sandstone is 5-10cm.
7. The method for artificially reconstructing and repairing an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the first siltstone is 35-46 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the fourth mudstone, the particle sizes of the fourth mudstone and the first siltstone are both larger than 5cm, and the rock block ratio is smaller than 50%;
in the step (b), the materials of the water-retaining dark ridges comprise fifth mudstone, second siltstone, sandy soil, organic fertilizer and sheep manure, wherein relative to 100 parts by mass of the fifth mudstone, the second siltstone is 30-55 parts, the sandy soil is 23-36 parts, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu, and the application amount of the sheep manure is 30-35 square/mu;
the grain size of the fifth mudstone is smaller than 5cm, the grain size of the second siltstone is larger than 5cm, and the rock block accounts for less than 50%.
8. The method for artificially reconstructing and repairing an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (c), the thickness of the artificial soil layer is equal to the thickness of the modified layer, and the material and the proportion of the artificial soil layer are the same as those of the modified layer; the upper surface of the artificial soil layer has a gradient of 1-2 degrees and is inclined towards the ecological drainage intercepting and supporting ditch direction.
9. The method for artificially reconstructing and repairing an underground soil layer in a alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (d), the thickness of the conservation water section is half of the depth of the ecological drainage intercepting branch ditch; the conservation water section comprises sixth mudstone, fourth sandstone, sandy soil and salts; the volume ratio of the sixth mudstone is 30-50 parts, the sand is 7-17 parts and the salt is 4-13 parts relative to 100 parts by mass of the fourth sandstone; the grain sizes of the sixth mudstone and the fourth sandstone are 5-10cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310155599.5A CN115839079B (en) | 2023-02-23 | 2023-02-23 | Artificial reconstruction restoration method for underground soil layer in alpine region |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310155599.5A CN115839079B (en) | 2023-02-23 | 2023-02-23 | Artificial reconstruction restoration method for underground soil layer in alpine region |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115839079A CN115839079A (en) | 2023-03-24 |
| CN115839079B true CN115839079B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
Family
ID=85580127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310155599.5A Active CN115839079B (en) | 2023-02-23 | 2023-02-23 | Artificial reconstruction restoration method for underground soil layer in alpine region |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115839079B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110777819A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 山西大地民基生态环境股份有限公司 | High and steep mine mountain reconstruction ecological restoration method |
| CN113728880A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-03 | 青海煤炭地质一0五勘探队 | Ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas |
| CN114223344A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-03-25 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Frozen soil layer repairing method for alpine mining area in plateau |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103636404B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-01-21 | 四川华电杂谷脑水电开发有限责任公司 | Method for conversing water and earth of high-altitude large-temperature difference drought and dry-hot valley high-abrupt slope waste slag body |
| CN112970369B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-06-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Ecological reconstructed sponge structure of strip mine refuse dump and application thereof |
| CN115176549B (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-03-28 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Ecological restoration method for seasonal frozen soil in plateau alpine region |
-
2023
- 2023-02-23 CN CN202310155599.5A patent/CN115839079B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110777819A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 山西大地民基生态环境股份有限公司 | High and steep mine mountain reconstruction ecological restoration method |
| CN113728880A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-03 | 青海煤炭地质一0五勘探队 | Ecological restoration grass planting method for alpine mining areas |
| CN114223344A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-03-25 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Frozen soil layer repairing method for alpine mining area in plateau |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115839079A (en) | 2023-03-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103262689B (en) | Coastal saline-alkali soil terrace type afforesting method for improvement of dredger fill | |
| CN101790931B (en) | Restoration method for damaged ecosystem in steep-slope area in water-level-fluctuating zone of reservoir | |
| CN108391563B (en) | A kind of arid biogeographic zone strongly salined soil barren hill greening method | |
| CN108476648A (en) | A kind of method and system of rock coast Difficult site revegetation | |
| CN104335879A (en) | Manual restoration method of vegetation in water-level-fluctuating zone of reservoir | |
| CN101849453A (en) | Earth surface planting desert reforming technology | |
| CN107439320A (en) | A kind of greening method of concordant limestone breakage mountain body | |
| CN115176549B (en) | Ecological restoration method for seasonal frozen soil in plateau alpine region | |
| CN107027500A (en) | A kind of method of slash restoration of the ecosystem | |
| CN105706555A (en) | Saline-alkali soil greening engineering original soil improvement structure and construction method thereof | |
| CN111877256A (en) | Construction method of ecological barrier in coal mining subsidence area | |
| CN107881930A (en) | Desert area railway bed both sides engineering and the sapling grid sand-protecting barrier of plant sand prevention | |
| CN105103696B (en) | Method for desertification control through salix bangongensis cuttage in high-altitude gobi wind-blown sand region | |
| CN112012229A (en) | Ecological restoration system for high steep slope rock slope of limestone mine stope | |
| CN111887067A (en) | Method for ecological restoration of artificial vegetation on high and steep rock slope | |
| CN209099438U (en) | A kind of light-duty seepage well of Dry Farmland storage rain water drainage | |
| CN115839079B (en) | Artificial reconstruction restoration method for underground soil layer in alpine region | |
| CN203878536U (en) | Novel ecological intercepting ditch | |
| CN206245319U (en) | A kind of anti-rare earth slash side slope water erosion system | |
| CN206245320U (en) | A kind of rare earth slash protecting slope ecology system | |
| CN115316066A (en) | Method for comprehensively renovating water and soil resources of channels in loess hilly gully region | |
| Gupta et al. | Salt affected soils: reclamation and management | |
| KR102456261B1 (en) | Method for making vegetative filter strip | |
| CN210459442U (en) | Sponge urban greening road | |
| CN113463611A (en) | Mine treatment system and treatment method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |