CN115299312A - Special plant growing matrix formula and method for slope ecological restoration - Google Patents
Special plant growing matrix formula and method for slope ecological restoration Download PDFInfo
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- CN115299312A CN115299312A CN202110493951.7A CN202110493951A CN115299312A CN 115299312 A CN115299312 A CN 115299312A CN 202110493951 A CN202110493951 A CN 202110493951A CN 115299312 A CN115299312 A CN 115299312A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special plant growth matrix formula for slope ecological restoration, which comprises soil, plant fibers, humic acid fertilizer and microbial agent, wherein the volume ratio of the soil to the plant fibers is 8:1-4; the consumption of humic acid is 5-20kg/m 3 The dosage of the soil and the microbial inoculum is 2-8kg/m 3 And (4) soil. According to the invention, the plant fiber is added, and the humic acid fertilizer and the microbial agent are applied, so that the increase of the plant species, density, coverage, height, crown width, diversity index, uniformity index and abundance index of a plant community can be promoted, the effects of the density, coverage, diversity index, uniformity index and abundance index of herbs are promoted to be greater than those of the woody trees, and the effects of the height and crown width of the woody trees are promoted to be greater than those of the herbaceous trees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a special plant growth matrix formula and a special plant growth matrix method for slope ecological restoration.
Background
Wind energy is a clean, environment-friendly and pollution-free renewable energy source and is huge in abundance. According to the estimation, the wind energy available on the earth is about 2 multiplied by 10 7 MW, 3 times the energy provided by coal combustion annually, is more than 10 times the hydroelectric power generation. Therefore, wind power generation is increasingly popular and emphasized in countries of the world. In recent years, wind power in China becomes the third largest power supply after thermal power and hydroelectric power, with the continuous progress of large-scale wind power technology in China, a low-wind-speed wind power plant with good grid connection and absorption conditions becomes a development hotspot, and a low-wind-speed area is mostly located in a high mountain, so that the wind power in the high mountain is vigorously developed. However, the construction of high mountain wind power generation is caused by the transportation of huge motors,The original mountain and vegetation can be seriously damaged by installation, maintenance and the like, a large number of exposed rock slopes and soil slopes are formed, the damaged mountain needs to be timely and effectively restored so as to avoid causing larger secondary disasters, and the restoration and protection of ecological damage become essential important components in the wind power generation industry.
The recovery and reconstruction of the ecosystem are the reconstruction of biodiversity and a complete ecosystem, the key is the construction of plant diversity, the plant diversity is the basis of other biodiversity of the ecosystem, and the development of the plant diversity can promote the recovery of soil structure and fertility and soil microorganisms and animals, thereby promoting the recovery and reconstruction of the structure and functions of the whole ecosystem. The current situation of slope ecological restoration in the construction of wind power plants at the present stage mainly comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages of steep slope (the slope rate is basically more than 1.5), poor slope standing condition (basically weak weathering or soil and stone inclusion), small construction working surface (the road width is about 6 meters), inconvenient water taking (basically depending on mountain spring water) and difficult soil planting (needing to be transported from the mountain). The current mainstream process for restoring and protecting the slope ecology of the wind power plant is 'foreign soil grass planting protection', but the current basic 'foreign soil grass planting protection process' is not suitable for the slope ecology protection in the wind power plant construction, and has the most prominent defects that: (1) And the soil planted by the guests before the guests grow the grass into the lawn due to the overlarge slope rate is easy to be washed away by rainwater, so that the slope protection effect is poor due to the insufficient coverage rate. (2) The slope soil condition is too poor, so that the growing power of the foreign soil in the middle and later periods of grass planting is insufficient, the general route of the wind power plant slope protection is long, water taking is very difficult, and the later-period maintenance is difficult to achieve timely and effectively. (3) The foreign soil grass planting protection is affected by weather too much, the wind power plant slope protection construction is mainly concentrated in rainy seasons due to difficulty in water taking, and the foreign soil grass planting process is affected by scouring in rainy seasons, so that the effect is difficult to guarantee. (4) The working face of the slope protection of the wind power plant is mainly on the mountain, and little planting soil exists on the mountain, and the planting soil cannot be taken basically even if the planting soil exists, so that the planting soil needs to be transported from the mountain, the cost is extremely high, and the cost is higher.
In view of the above situation, the existing mainstream process of 'foreign soil grass planting protection' must be improved, a set of new process which can be based on the current slope ecological restoration situation in the existing stage of wind power plant construction is developed to overcome the defects of the mainstream process, and the technical goals of 'reducing the planting soil demand, resisting rain wash and increasing the fertility in the middle and later periods' are realized. On the basis of the prior practice, the 'guest fiber soil grass planting' is selected to replace 'guest soil grass planting', and researches on three key factors of 'proportion of soil and plant fiber', 'humic acid fertilizer dosage' and 'microbial agent dosage' are developed around a special matrix formula of the 'guest fiber soil grass planting', so that theoretical basis and technical support are provided for production of special plant growth matrix in slope ecological restoration in high-mountain wind power plant construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve a special plant growth matrix formula for slope ecological restoration in the construction of a high-mountain wind power plant, and is mainly used for the construction of the high-mountain wind power plant.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the special plant growth substrate formula for slope ecological restoration comprises soil, plant fibers, humic acid fertilizer and microbial agent, wherein the volume ratio of the soil to the plant fibers is 8:1-4; the consumption of humic acid is 5-20kg/m 3 The dosage of the soil and the microbial inoculum is 2-8kg/m 3 And (4) soil.
Further preferably, the volume ratio of the medium soil to the plant fiber is 8:2; the consumption of humic acid is 10kg/m 3 The dosage of the soil and the microbial inoculum is 4kg/m 3 And (4) soil.
The invention provides a slope ecological restoration method in the construction of a high mountain wind farm, which is characterized in that soil, plant fiber, humic acid fertilizer and microbial agent which are specially used for the plant growth substrate formula in the slope ecological restoration are uniformly mixed, then various flowers, grasses and shrub seeds which are reasonably proportioned and properly pretreated in advance are mixed with a proper amount of fertilizer, covering material, adhesive, water-retaining agent and the like with a proper formula, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the substrate through a fiber spraying soil machine with adjustable pressure so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly establishing vegetation communities.
The main advantages of the invention are: (1) The method quickly solves the problem that the conventional foreign soil is easily washed by heavy rain before the vegetation coverage rate reaches 80 percent. The side slope is newly excavated or filled, the soil body is not solidified and is easy to be washed by rainwater, and the spray-seeding material is matched with a certain proportion and quantity of microbial fertilizer, humic acid, grass fiber, adhesive and stabilizing agent, so that the sprayed fibrous soil and seeds can be immediately stabilized on the surface of the side slope to form a fibrous protective layer capable of preventing rainwater washing, and the soil and seeds are prevented from being washed away by rainwater; the turf formed after spray seeding is more uniform and compact in texture, the stability of the side slope can be effectively protected, and water and soil loss is prevented. (2) The strong growth and simple and convenient maintenance of the foreign soil for planting the grass in the middle and later periods are efficiently realized. The spraying seeding material is provided with a proper amount of water retention agent and microorganism and humic acid fertilizer which are reasonably proportioned, can reasonably and accurately supplement element components and nutrients which are lacked in the raw soil of the side slope, and along with the growth and development of plant communities, the plant roots continuously go deep into the deep layer of the side slope soil, the plant roots and various soil animals which are symbiotic with the plant roots and the soil microorganisms have the combined action, so that the substances of the biological communities circularly enter the benign development process, the organic process of the raw soil layer is accelerated, the requirement of the plant on the growth and development of the slope surface can be ensured, the middle and later stage growth weakness caused by the poor slope surface soil condition is not easy to occur, the growth of the plant is promoted, the slope surface plant population is excessively and long-term ecological recovery to the original ecological community is realized, the soil stabilization and water retention are realized, the later stage maintenance is reduced, the timeliness and the effectiveness are realized, and the life-life maintenance is realized. (3) economical and practical, environment-friendly in material drawing and low in cost. (4) And the ecological environment is protected, and the ecological environment can be perfectly fused with the natural ecological environment. The requirements on slope rate and ground conditions are not high, and construction waste and construction noise are not generated during construction.
Detailed Description
1 materials and methods
1.1 plant growth substrate raw Material
The planting soil is red soil plough layer (0-10 cm) surface soil (density about 1.2 g/m) developed from quaternary red clay matrix 3 ) The adhesive material adopts plant fiber (produced by Shandong Hengji engineering materials Co., ltd.), humic acid fertilizer (produced by Shandong Hai agricultural science Co., ltd.) and microbial agent (produced by Shandong Jinzhengda ecological engineering Co., ltd.).
1.2 spray-seeding of plant species
According to the survey of natural vegetation around the project area, the slope vegetation community is restored by adopting a mixed spray-sowing plant seed mode, and the mixed proportion of each plant species is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 plant species ratios
1.3 design of the experiment
1.3.1 volume ratio of soil to plant fiber
To determine the optimum ratio of soil to plant fiber, F0 (V) was set Soil for soil ︰V Plant fiber ＝8:0)、F1(V Soil for soil ︰V Plant fiber ＝8:1)、F2(V Soil for soil ︰V Plant fiber ＝8:2)、F3(V Soil for soil ︰V Plant fiber = 8:3) and F4 (V) Soil for soil ︰V Plant fiber = 8:4) five treatments.
1.3.2 humic acid fertilizer dosage
On the basis of the 1.3.1 test, the soil and plant fiber are selected to be F2 (V) Soil for soil ︰V Plant fiber = 8:2), set humic acid dosage (kg/m) 3 Soil) test, respectively, H0 (0 kg/m) 3 Soil), H1 (5 kg/m) 3 Soil), H2 (10 kg/m) 3 Soil), H3 (15 kg/m) 3 Earth) and H4 (20 kg/m) 3 Soil).
1.3.3 microbial Agents
On the basis of the 1.3.2 test, the soil and plant fiber are selected to be F2 (V) Soil for soil ︰V Plant fiber = 8:2), selecting the dosage of humic acid of 10kg/m 3 Soil, setting the dosage (kg/m) of the microbial agent 3 Soil) test, M0 (0 kg/M) respectively 3 Soil), M1 (2 kg/M) 3 Soil), M2 (4 kg/M) 3 Soil), M3 (6 kg/M) 3 Soil) and M4 (8 kg/M) 3 Soil).
All experiments, 5m each treatment 2 Four repetitions. And (3) topdressing once about 2 months after spraying plant species, wherein the urea is 8 g/square meter, and the fertilizer (15). And carrying out vegetation investigation after 3 months of spray sowing.
1.4 items and methods of measurement
1.4.1 plant Community Structure survey
In each treatment, a 1m × 1m small sample was selected to investigate colony multiplicity (plant species) and colony density (number of individuals per unit area or unit space), coverage (percentage of vertical projection area of aerial parts of plants to the sample area), plant height and canopy width, except for marginal effects.
1.4.2 evaluation of diversity of plant communities
Statistical analysis is carried out by adopting three diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), pieLoui uniformity index (J) and species abundance (S) in the alpha diversity index, and each index is calculated according to literature formula [12-13] 。
1.5 data processing
Experimental data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2017 and SPSS22.0 software.
2 results and analysis
2.1 basic structure of plant communities
TABLE 2 plant community structure under different substrate formulations
As can be seen from Table 2: (1) The plant species, colony density and coverage are increased along with the increase of the proportion of the soil to the plant fibers, the increase range is F4> F3> F2> F1> F0, and all the addition treatments are obviously higher than the control, namely the addition of the plant fibers is beneficial to the increase of the plant species, the colony density and the coverage; in the addition treatment, the increase between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the proportion of the plant fibers; for different plant types, the influence of herbs, shrubs and trees with the largest influence is relatively small; overall, F2 is the most effective; (2) The variety, community density and coverage of the plants are increased along with the increase of the using amount of the humic acid fertilizer, the increase amplitude is H4> H3> H2> H1> H0, the treatment of applying the humic acid fertilizer is obviously higher than that of a control, namely the application of the humic acid fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of the variety, community density and coverage of the plants; in the humic acid fertilizer treatment, the increase between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the application amount; for different plant types, the influence of herbs, shrubs and trees with the largest influence is relatively small; overall, H2 works best. (3) The plant species, the colony density and the coverage degree are increased along with the increase of the using amount of the microbial agent, the increase amplitude is M4> M3> M2> M1> H0, and the treatment of applying the microbial agent is obviously higher than that of a control, namely the application of the microbial agent is beneficial to the increase of the plant species, the colony density and the coverage degree; in the microbial agent treatment, the amplification between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the application amount; for different plant types, the influence of herbs with the largest influence, shrubs and arbors is relatively small; overall, M2 works best.
2.2 plant colony growth status
Table 3 shows that: (1) The average height and the crown width of the plant community are increased along with the increase of the proportion of the soil to the plant fibers, the increase amplitude is F4> F3> F2> F1> F0, and all the adding treatments are obviously higher than the control, namely the adding of the plant fibers is beneficial to the increase of the average height and the crown width of the plant community; in the addition treatment, the amplification between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the proportion of the plant fibers; for different plant types, the most affected trees and shrubs are used, and the influence of herbs is relatively small; overall, F2 works best.
TABLE 3 vegetative growth in cm units for different substrate formulations
(2) The average height and the crown width of the plant community are increased along with the increase of the using amount of the humic acid fertilizer, the increase amplitude is H4> H3> H2> H1> H0, the treatment of applying the humic acid fertilizer is obviously higher than that of a control, namely the application of the humic acid fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of the average height and the crown width of the plant community; in the humic acid fertilizer treatment, the increase between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the application amount; for different plant types, the most affected trees and shrubs are used, and the influence of herbs is relatively small; overall, H2 works best. (3) The average height and the crown width of the plant community are increased along with the increase of the using amount of the microbial agent, the increase amplitude is M4> M3> M2> M1> H0, the treatment of applying the microbial agent is obviously higher than the control, namely the application of the microbial agent is beneficial to the increase of the average height and the crown width of the plant community; in the microbial agent treatment, the amplification between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the application amount; for different plant types, the most affected trees and shrubs are used, and the influence of herbs is relatively small; overall, M2 works best.
2.3 evaluation of diversity of plant communities
The diversity evaluation of the plant community is carried out by adopting a diversity index, a richness index and a uniformity index, so that the abundance degree of the species can be known, the distribution condition of the species can also be known, the species diversity is higher in a uniformly distributed sample plot, and the stability of the system can be improved by improving the diversity. As can be seen from table 4: (1) And along with the increase of the proportion of the soil to the plant fibers, the diversity index, the uniformity index and the abundance index of the plant community also increase, the increase amplitude is F4> F3> F2> F1> F0, and all the adding treatments are obviously higher than the control, namely the adding of the plant fibers is favorable for the increase of the diversity index, the uniformity index and the abundance index of the plant community.
Table 4 vegetation diversity index under different substrate formulations
In the addition treatment, the increase between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the proportion of the plant fibers; for different plant types, herbs have a great influence, and then woody plants are the main factors; overall, F2 is the most effective; (2) The diversity index, the uniformity index and the abundance index of the plant community are increased along with the increase of the using amount of the humic acid fertilizer, the increase amplitude is H4> H3> H2> H1> H0, the treatment of applying the humic acid fertilizer is obviously higher than that of a control, namely the application of the humic acid fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of the diversity index, the uniformity index and the abundance index of the plant community; in the humic acid fertilizer treatment, the increase between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the application amount; for different plant types, herbs have a great influence, and then woody plants are the main factors; overall, H2 works best. (3) Along with the increase of the using amount of the microbial agent, the diversity index, the uniformity index and the abundance index of the plant community are also increased, the increase amplitude is M4> M3> M2> M1> H0, and the treatment of applying the microbial agent is obviously higher than that of a control, namely the application of the microbial agent is beneficial to the increase of the diversity index, the uniformity index and the abundance index of the plant community; in the microbial agent treatment, the amplification between the two treatments is reduced along with the increase of the application amount; for different plant types, herbs with larger influence are used, and then woody plants are used; overall, M2 works best.
In conclusion, the existing side slope surface soil body has high hardness and low nutrient content, is not easy to recover vegetation, can provide a good soil habitat for recovering and reconstructing the growth of plant root systems by configuring a proper plant growing matrix, can ensure a lasting fertilizer effect, has air permeability, water permeability and moderate viscosity (does not fall off), and is easy for mechanical spraying and slope protection. The research discovers that the ratio of the soil to the plant fiber is 8:2, and the research is to provide the ratio of 10kg/m 3 Humic acid of soil "and" 4kg/m 3 The soil microbial agent is mixed and stirred uniformly to prepare the special plant growth substrate for slope ecological restoration, then various flowers, grass and shrub seeds which are reasonably proportioned and pretreated in advance are mixed with a proper amount of fertilizer, covering material, adhesive, water-retaining agent and the like, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the substrate through a fiber spraying soil machine capable of regulating pressure so as to quickly establish a vegetation community.
Claims (3)
1. The special plant growth substrate formula for slope ecological restoration is characterized in that: bag (bag)The soil-organic fertilizer comprises soil, plant fibers, humic acid fertilizer and microbial agent, wherein the volume ratio of the soil to the plant fibers is 8:1-4; the consumption of humic acid is 5-20kg/m 3 The dosage of the soil and the microbial inoculum is 2-8kg/m 3 And (4) soil.
2. The special vegetation matrix formula for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the volume ratio of the soil to the plant fiber is 8:2; the consumption of humic acid is 10kg/m 3 The dosage of the soil and the microbial inoculum is 4kg/m 3 And (4) soil.
3. A slope ecological restoration method in the construction of a high mountain wind farm is characterized in that soil, plant fibers, humic acid fertilizer and microbial agent of a special plant growth substrate formula in the slope ecological restoration of claim 1 or 2 are uniformly mixed, then, various flowers, grasses and shrub seeds which are reasonably proportioned and properly pretreated in advance are mixed with a proper amount of fertilizer, covering material, adhesive, water-retaining agent and the like with a proper formula, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed and sown on the surface of the substrate through a fiber spraying soil machine with adjustable pressure so as to quickly establish a vegetation community.
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