CN110896696A - Greening method by spraying and seeding fiber granules - Google Patents
Greening method by spraying and seeding fiber granules Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896696A CN110896696A CN201911134732.9A CN201911134732A CN110896696A CN 110896696 A CN110896696 A CN 110896696A CN 201911134732 A CN201911134732 A CN 201911134732A CN 110896696 A CN110896696 A CN 110896696A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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Abstract
A method for greening by spraying fiber granules comprises removing weeds and impurities on a roadbed slope, and leveling the roadbed slope; covering planting soil on the leveled slope surface and raking the planting soil; paving a galvanized wire net on the slope surface where the planting soil is raked flat, and fixing the galvanized wire net on the side slope by using bamboo sticks or wood piles; spraying the mixture obtained by mixing and uniformly stirring the base material, the plant seeds and the water onto the slope by using a hydraulic spray seeder or an air pressure spray seeder, and spraying the slope to form a substrate layer on the slope; and maintaining the slope surface after spray seeding. The uniformly stirred mixture of the base material, the plant seeds and the water is sprayed to the slope surface to ensure that the seeds germinate into seedlings and grow into vegetation, and the plant roots are connected with the soil and the railway roadbed to achieve the function of plant slope protection. The method has the advantages of strong slope protection capability, good water and soil conservation effect, good vegetation landscape effect, strong plant stress resistance, sustainable growth and no influence on the operation safety of high-speed railways.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roadbed slope protection, in particular to a fiber aggregate spray-seeding greening method.
Background
The construction of the high-speed railway is developed rapidly in China, and green, environment-friendly and ecological properties of the newly-built high-speed railway are emphasized more. In the past, the roadbed slope protection adopts more engineering protection measures (such as masonry structures), and the vegetation protection (or called ecological protection) adopts less measures, so that the landscape and ecological effects are poor. At present, the greening mode of the high-speed railway foundation slope adopting vegetation protection mostly adopts slope soil covering and planting and greening, and the minority adopts spray seeding and greening. Under normal conditions, before seedling roots among plants in early construction of steep slope (such as slope larger than 30 degrees) are stretched and interwoven for planting and greening, the effects of water and soil conservation and erosion prevention on the surface slope are poorer than those of spray-seeding greening, namely, water and soil loss and slope furrow erosion are easily caused under the condition of heavy rain. The spray seeding greening applied to mines and highways at present is directly applied to high-speed railway foundation slopes, and has a plurality of problems, which are shown in the aspects of slope protection, water and soil conservation, vegetation landscape, stress resistance and lasting survival, the greening requirement under the special difficult condition of the high-speed railway foundation slopes cannot be met, and the traditional spray seeding greening cannot be adopted by a high-speed railway system due to influence on driving safety when greening members (iron anchor rods and iron anchors) and high plants (because of lodging) are used.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a fiber granule spray-seeding greening method, which is a novel greening mode that a hydraulic spray-seeding machine sprays a mixture of a base material, plant seeds and water which are added and stirred uniformly in advance to a slope surface through a spray-seeding gun nozzle so that the seeds germinate into seedlings and grow into vegetation, and the function of plant slope protection is achieved by connecting soil and a railway roadbed through a plant root system. The method has the advantages of strong slope protection capability, good water and soil conservation effect, good vegetation landscape effect, strong plant stress resistance, sustainable growth and no influence on the operation safety of high-speed railways.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a fiber aggregate spray-seeding greening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
removing weeds and sundries on the slope surface of the roadbed slope, and leveling the roadbed slope surface;
covering planting soil on the leveled slope surface and raking the planting soil;
paving a galvanized wire net on the slope surface where the planting soil is raked flat, and fixing the galvanized wire net on the side slope by using bamboo sticks or wood piles;
spraying a mixture which is prepared by mixing and evenly blending a base material, plant seeds and water onto the slope by using a spraying seeder to form a substrate layer on the slope;
maintaining the slope surface formed with the substrate layer.
Further, the step of spraying the mixture which is prepared by mixing the base material, the plant seeds and the water and uniformly stirring the mixture onto the slope by using a spraying seeder, and forming a substrate layer on the slope comprises the following steps:
adding water into a storage tank of a spray seeder, and then adding plant seeds and a base material;
fully mixing the water, the plant seeds and the base material for 5-10 minutes by using a stirrer of a spray seeder to form uniform colloidal mixed slurry;
granulating the colloidal mixed slurry through a spray gun opening of a spray seeder;
and spraying the granulated colloidal mixed slurry to a slope surface of a side slope from multiple angles by using a spray-seeding unit of a spray-seeding machine to form a substrate layer on the slope surface.
Further, the thickness of the planting soil covered on the slope surface is 15-20cm, the thickness of the substrate layer is not less than 2cm, the length of the bamboo stick or the wood pile is 20-40cm, and the density of the bamboo stick or the wood pile on the side slope is 4/m2。
Further, the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil granulating agent, and the ratio of each component in the substrate is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-70g/m of compound fertilizer230-150g/m of phosphate fertilizer210-80g/m of water-retaining agent210-80g/m of adhesive210-80g/m of soil granulating agent2。
Further, the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil granulating agent, and the ratio of each component in the substrate is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of water-retaining agent210-80g/m of adhesive210-80g/m of soil granulating agent2。
Further, the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, grass fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, soil agglomeration agent and perlite, and the ratio of each component in the substrate is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of grass fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of soil granulating agent230-100g/m of perlite2。
Further, the base material comprises loam, peat soil, grass fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, soil agglomeration agent and vermiculite, and the ratio of each component in the base material is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of grass fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of soil granulating agent250-200g/m of vermiculite2。
Further, the plant seed includes amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza bicolor, elm, caragana microphylla, orychophragma biennis, crow flower, cotinus coggygria, alfalfa and tall fescue, the ratio of each component in the plant seed is: 2-8g/m of amorpha fruticosa22-8g/m of lespedeza2Elm 0.5-8g/m20.5-3g/m of caragana microphylla20.05-2g/m of orychophragmus violaceus20.05-2g/m of crowtoe20.05-2g/m of corolla coronaria20.5-4g/m of cotinus coggygria20.5-4g/m of alfalfa20.5-8g/m of tall fescue2。
Further, the plant seeds comprise amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza bicolor, elm, aster equiseti, coreopsis tinctoria, bermuda grass, paspalum natatum, alfalfa and tall fescue, and the ratio of each component in the plant seeds is as follows: 2-8g/m of amorpha fruticosa22-8g/m of lespedeza2Elm 0.5-8g/m20.5-3g/m of hippophae rhamnoides20.05-2g/m of coreopsis tinctoria21-3g/m of bermudagrass21-3g/m of paspalum natatum21-4g/m of white clover20.5-4g/m of alfalfa20.5-8g/m of tall fescue2。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the greening construction has good effects of keeping water and soil and preventing slope erosion in the early stage (the first three months).
(2) The mechanical seeding, fertilizing, covering, heat preservation and moisture preservation can be completed at one time, the labor is saved, the work efficiency is improved, and the anti-season greening can be realized.
(3) Rapidly constructing slope artificial vegetation with mutually promoted landscape coordination, which combines shrub, lawn ground cover and flowers with multi-species symbiosis.
(4) After greening maintenance is carried out for 1-2 years in the early period, watering maintenance is not needed, natural survival can be carried out in most areas of China under the condition of natural rainfall, and vegetation can not die after winter and summer.
(5) The selected and constructed slope vegetation is all low shrub lawn ground cover without tall trees, so that the accident that the high-speed rail driving safety is affected due to the lodging of tall trees is avoided under the disastrous climate such as strong wind, heavy rain and the like.
(6) In the greening component, thick and hard metal parts such as iron nails and anchor rods are not needed, so that the problem of endangering the safety of high-speed rails in operation is effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for greening by spraying fiber granules according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention for spraying a mixture of a substrate, plant seeds and water and mixing the mixture uniformly onto the slope to form a substrate layer on the slope by using a spraying machine;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the method for spraying the mixture mixed and uniformly mixed by the substrate, the plant seeds and the water on the slope surface by using the spraying seeder to form the substrate layer on the slope surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The invention provides a fiber pellet spray-seeding greening method, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
and S100, removing weeds and sundries on the roadbed slope and leveling the roadbed slope.
And step S200, covering planting soil on the leveled slope surface and raking the planting soil.
Specifically, the thickness of the planting soil is 15-20 cm.
And step S300, paving a galvanized wire mesh on the slope surface where the planting soil is raked flat, and fixing the galvanized wire mesh on the side slope by using bamboo sticks or wooden piles.
Specifically, for the slope with the side slope angle larger than 40 degrees, a galvanized wire mesh is laid on the slope where the planting soil is raked flat, and the galvanized wire mesh is fixed on the side slope by using bamboo sticks or wooden piles; paving a galvanized wire net on a slope with the height of the side slope larger than 6 meters and the angle of the side slope larger than 30 degrees, raking the planting soil, and fixing the galvanized wire net on the side slope by using bamboo sticks or wooden piles; the length of the bamboo stick or the wood pile is 20-40cm, and the density of the bamboo stick or the wood pile on the side slope is 4/m2。
And S400, spraying the mixture which is prepared by mixing and uniformly mixing the base material, the plant seeds and the water onto the slope by using a spraying seeder to form a substrate layer on the slope.
The thickness of the substrate layer is not less than 2 cm.
Specifically, a spray seeder is used for spraying a mixture which is formed by mixing a base material, plant seeds and water and uniformly stirring the mixture onto the slope, and the step of forming a substrate layer on the slope comprises the following steps:
step S410, adding water into a storage tank of a spray seeder, and then sequentially adding plant seeds and a base material;
step S420, fully mixing the water, the plant seeds and the base material for 5-10 minutes by using a stirrer of a spray seeder to form uniform colloidal mixed slurry;
step S430, granulating the mixed solution through a spray gun mouth of a spray seeder;
and step S440, spraying the granulated colloidal mixed slurry to a slope surface of a side slope from multiple angles by using a spray-seeding unit of a spray-seeding machine, and forming a substrate layer on the slope surface.
Specifically, the spray seeder is a hydraulic spray seeder or an air pressure spray seeder.
Specifically, as shown in Table 1, theThe base materials comprise loam, peat soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil granulating agent. The mixture ratio of each component is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-70g/m of compound fertilizer230-150g/m of phosphate fertilizer210-80g/m of water-retaining agent210-80g/m of adhesive210-80g/m of soil granulating agent2。
TABLE 1 names and proportions of the components in substrate 1
| Name of Material | Amount of material/m2 |
| Loam soil | 20-120kg |
| Peat soil | 2-10kg |
| Wood fiber | 2-10kg |
| Organic fertilizer | 2-10kg |
| Compound fertilizer | 10-70g |
| Phosphate fertilizer | 30-150g |
| Water-retaining agent | 10-80g |
| Adhesive agent | 10-80g |
| Soil granulating agent | 10-80g |
Specifically, as shown in table 2, the base material may also include loam, peat soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, water-retaining agent, binder, and soil granulating agent. The mixture ratio of each component is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of water-retaining agent210-80g/m of adhesive210-80g/m of soil granulating agent2。
TABLE 2 names and proportions of the components in substrate 2
| Name of Material | Amount of material/m2 |
| Loam soil | 20-120kg |
| Peat soil | 2-10kg |
| Wood fiber | 2-10kg |
| Organic fertilizer | 2-10kg |
| Microbial fertilizer | 10-80g |
| Water-retaining agent | 10-80g |
| Adhesive agent | 10-80g |
| Soil granulating agent | 10-80g |
Specifically, as shown in table 3, the base material may also include loam, peat soil, grass fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, soil agglomeration agent, and perlite. The mixture ratio of each component is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of grass fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of soil granulating agent230-100g/m of perlite2。
TABLE 3 names and proportions of the components in substrate 3
Specifically, the base material may also include loam, peat soil, grass fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, soil agglomeration agent, and vermiculite. The mixture ratio of each component is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil 2 and 2-10kg/m of grass fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of soil granulating agent250-200g/m of leech and leech2。
TABLE 4 names and proportions of the components in substrate 4
| Name of Material | Amount of material/m2 |
| Loam soil | 20-120kg |
| Peat soil | 2-10kg |
| Grass fibre | 2-10kg |
| Organic fertilizer | 2-10kg |
| Microbial fertilizer | 10-80g |
| Soil granulating agent | 10-80g |
| Vermiculite | 50-200g |
Specifically, as shown in table 5, the plant seeds include amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza bicolor, elm, caragana microphylla, orychophragmus violaceus, crow, cotinus coggygria, alfalfa, and festuca arundinacea. The mixture ratio of each component is as follows: 2-8g/m of amorpha fruticosa22-8g/m of lespedeza2Elm 0.5-8g/m20.5-3g/m of caragana microphylla20.05-2g/m of orychophragmus violaceus20.05-2g/m of crowtoe2Small corolla flower0.05-2g/m20.5-4g/m of cotinus coggygria20.5-4g/m of alfalfa20.5-8g/m of tall fescue2。
TABLE 5 plant seed 1 name and ratio
| Serial number | Plant seeds | The amount (g/m)2) |
| 1 | Amorpha fruticosa | 2-8 |
| 2 | Lespedeza bicolor (lour.) Merr | 2-8 |
| 3 | Elm tree | 0.5-8 |
| 4 | Caragana microphylla | 0.5-3 |
| 5 | February orchid | 0.05-2 |
| 6 | All-grass of Whiteflower Raspberry | 0.05-2 |
| 7 | Small crown flower | 0.05-2 |
| 8 | Cotinus coggygria | 0.5-4 |
| 9 | Alfalfa | 0.5-4 |
| 10 | Festuca arundinacea | 0.5-8 |
Specifically, as shown in Table 6, the plant seeds included amorpha fruticosa 2-8g/m22-8g/m of lespedeza2Elm 0.5-8g/m20.5-3g/m of hippophae rhamnoides20.05-2g/m of coreopsis tinctoria21-3g/m of bermudagrass21-3g/m of paspalum natatum21-4g/m of white clover20.5-4g/m of alfalfa20.5-8g/m of tall fescue2。
TABLE 6 plant seed 2 names and proportions
| Serial number | Plant seeds | The amount (g/m)2) |
| 1 | Amorpha fruticosa | 2-8 |
| 2 | Lespedeza bicolor (lour.) Merr | 2-8 |
| 3 | Elm tree | 0.5-8 |
| 4 | Fructus Hippophae | 0.5-3 |
| 5 | All-grass of golden chicken | 0.05-2 |
| 6 | Bermuda grass | 1-3 |
| 7 | All-grass of common Camptotheca | 1-3 |
| 8 | White clover | 1-4 |
| 9 | Alfalfa | 0.5-4 |
| 10 | Festuca arundinacea | 0.5-8 |
Specifically, the plant seeds are prepared in any one or more of the following ways:
combining cool season grass and warm season grass; a combination of leguminous and non-leguminous; deciduous and evergreen plants are combined; vegetation, shrubs and flowers; combining exotic species with indigenous species; ensuring the diversity of plants.
When leguminous plants and non-leguminous plants are combined, rhizobia is adopted, and the rhizobia and roots of leguminous plants are symbiotic to form nodules and can fix nitrogen.
The soil-fixing and drought-resisting capacities of the herbs and the shrubs are different, the root depths are different, and the herbs and the shrubs are combined; the combination of the plants, the shrubs and the flowers realizes three-dimensional multi-level greening and colorful greening.
Deciduous and evergreen plants combine to make the plants less than withered yellow in winter.
Specifically, the thickness of the matrix layer sprayed on the slope covered with the planting soil is not less than 2cm, and the thickness of the covered planting soil is 15-20 cm.
The thickness of the substrate layer sprayed on the slope surface which is not covered with the planting soil is 12cm, if the spraying is not enough for one time, the spraying can be repeated for many times until the thickness of the substrate layer sprayed on the slope surface which is not covered with the planting soil reaches 12 cm.
And S500, maintaining the slope forming the substrate layer.
Specifically, the method adopts spray irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation and pest control to coordinate the balance of shrubs and herbs, prevents the herbs from growing too fast in the early period to inhibit the growth of shrub plants and promotes species diversification;
the root system grows well, the plant grows robustly and the vegetation height is controlled, and the vegetation height is less than or equal to 1.5 m.
Therefore, the artificial vegetation with balance, coordination, strong stress resistance, good slope protection function and good vegetation effect is established, and conditions are created for survival and sustainable growth without artificial maintenance of vegetation after 2 years.
Through the maintenance management in the initial stage, the effects of water and soil conservation of the slope surface are basically good, the plant community (grass irrigation type) is reflected, the mixed-sown herbaceous plants and shrub tree species grow normally, and the slope greening coverage rate is over 70 percent. The shrub variety has 2-4 plants per square, the height of the shrub is more than or equal to 10cm, and the interspecific competition is normal. The root system forms a protective layer with good tensile strength and shear strength on the slope surface, and the biological protection and water and soil conservation effects are obvious. Species are diversified, and the growth vigor is good. The method creates a plant community which has stronger soil-fixing and slope-protecting effects and better landscape effects, takes shrubs as main bodies, covers grass and ground by plants and can naturally and coordinately grow and succeed without artificial maintenance. The slope greening coverage rate reaches more than 85 percent.
The invention provides a detailed description of a fiber aggregate spray-seeding greening method for protecting a roadbed slope.
The method for greening by spraying fiber aggregates for protecting roadbed slopes is specifically described by a specific example.
Removing weeds and sundries on the roadbed slope and leveling the roadbed slope, covering planting soil on the leveled slope and raking the planting soil, wherein the thickness of the planting soil is 16 cm. The slope angle of the selected roadbed is 45 degrees, the height of the slope is 5.7 meters, then a galvanized wire mesh is laid on the slope surface, a wood pile with the length of 22cm is used for fixing the galvanized wire mesh on the slope, and 4 wood piles are arranged on the slope surface per square meter.
And (3) spraying the mixture which is prepared by mixing the base material, the plant seeds and the water and uniformly stirring the mixture onto the slope by using a hydraulic spraying seeder, spraying the slope and forming a substrate layer on the slope. The selected base material comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil granulating agent, wherein the selected base material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 100kg/m loam28kg/m of peat soil25kg/m of wood fiber25kg/m of organic fertilizer230g/m of compound fertilizer250g/m of phosphate fertilizer235g/m of water-retaining agent235g/m of binder2And soil granulating agent 30g/m2. The selected plant seeds comprise amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza bicolor, elm, caragana microphylla, orychophragmus violaceus, crowtoe, cotinus coggygria, alfalfa and festuca arundinacea, and the selected plant seeds comprise the following components in percentage by weight: amorpha fruticosa 5g/m25g/m of lespedeza21.5g/m elm20.5g/m of caragana microphylla20.1g/m of February2Baimaigen 0.5g/m20.5g/m of corolla coronaria22g/m of cotinus coggygria22.5g/m of alfalfa2And tall fescue 4g/m2The thickness of the formed substrate layer was 2 cm.
And finally, maintaining the slope forming the matrix layer, coordinating the balance of shrubs and herbs by adopting sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation and pest control, preventing the herbs from growing too fast in the early stage to inhibit the growth of shrub plants, promoting species diversification, developing root growth, controlling the vegetation height while the plants grow robustly, and controlling the vegetation height to be less than or equal to 1.5 m.
Through the maintenance management of the initial stage, the effects of water and soil conservation of the side slope surface are better, the plant community (grass irrigation type) is embodied, the mixed-sown herbaceous plants and shrub tree species grow normally, and the side slope greening coverage rate reaches 75%. The shrub variety has 3 plants per square, the height of the shrub is 12cm, and the interspecific competition is normal. The root system forms a protective layer with good tensile strength and shear strength on the slope surface, and the biological protection and water and soil conservation effects are obvious. Species are diversified, and the growth vigor is good. A plant community which takes shrubs as a main body, grass and ground are covered by plants and can naturally and coordinately grow and succeed without artificial maintenance is built, and the slope greening coverage rate reaches 89%.
By the method of the embodiment, the artificial vegetation with balance, coordination, strong stress resistance, good slope protection function and good vegetation effect is established, and the vegetation can survive and grow sustainably without artificial maintenance after 2 years.
In conclusion, the invention provides a fiber aggregate spray-seeding greening method for protecting a roadbed slope, which comprises the steps of clearing weeds and sundries on the roadbed slope and leveling the roadbed slope; covering planting soil on the leveled slope surface and raking the planting soil; paving a galvanized wire net on the slope surface where the planting soil is raked flat, and fixing the galvanized wire net on the side slope by using bamboo sticks or wood piles; spraying the mixture obtained by mixing and uniformly stirring the base material, the plant seeds and the water onto the slope by using a hydraulic spray seeder or an air pressure spray seeder, and spraying the slope to form a substrate layer on the slope; and maintaining the slope surface after spray seeding. The uniformly stirred mixture of the base material, the plant seeds and the water is sprayed to the slope surface to ensure that the seeds germinate into seedlings and grow into vegetation, and the plant roots are connected with the soil and the railway roadbed to achieve the function of plant slope protection. The method has the advantages of strong slope protection capability, good water and soil conservation effect, good vegetation landscape effect, strong plant stress resistance, sustainable growth and no influence on the operation safety of high-speed railways.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or illustrative of the principles of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (9)
1. A fiber aggregate spray-seeding greening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
removing weeds and sundries on the slope surface of the roadbed slope, and leveling the roadbed slope surface;
covering planting soil on the leveled slope surface and raking the planting soil;
paving a galvanized wire net on the slope surface where the planting soil is raked flat, and fixing the galvanized wire net on the side slope by using bamboo sticks or wood piles;
spraying a mixture which is prepared by mixing and evenly blending a base material, plant seeds and water onto the slope by using a spraying seeder to form a substrate layer on the slope;
maintaining the slope surface formed with the substrate layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of spraying the substrate layer on the slope by a sprayer to the substrate layer formed on the slope by mixing and stirring the substrate, the plant seeds and the water to form a homogeneous mixture comprises:
adding water into a storage tank of a spray seeder, and then adding plant seeds and a base material;
fully mixing the water, the plant seeds and the base material for 5-10 minutes by using a stirrer of a spray seeder to form uniform colloidal mixed slurry;
granulating the colloidal mixed slurry through a spray gun opening of a spray seeder;
and spraying the granulated colloidal mixed slurry to a slope surface of a side slope from multiple angles by using a spray-seeding unit of a spray-seeding machine to form a substrate layer on the slope surface.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the planting soil covered on the slope surface is 15-20cm, the thickness of the substrate layer is not less than 2cm, the length of the bamboo stick or the wood pile is 20-40cm, and the density of the bamboo stick or the wood pile on the side slope is 4 pieces/m2。
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil granulating agent, and the ratio of the components in the substrate is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-70g/m of compound fertilizer230-150g/m of phosphate fertilizer210-80g/m of water-retaining agent210-80g/m of adhesive210-80g/m of soil granulating agent2。
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, water retention agent, binder and soil granulating agent, and the ratio of the components in the substrate is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of water-retaining agent210-80g/m of adhesive210-80g/m of soil granulating agent2。
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, grass fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, soil granulating agent and perlite, and the ratio of the components in the substrate is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of grass fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of soil granulating agent230-100g/m of perlite2。
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, grass fiber, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, soil agglomeration agent and vermiculite, and the ratio of the components in the substrate is as follows: 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of grass fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of soil granulating agent250-200g/m of vermiculite2。
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said plant seeds comprise amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza bicolor, elm, caragana microphylla, orychophragmus violaceus, crow, cotinus coggygria, alfalfa and festuca arundinacea, and wherein the ratio of the components in said plant seeds is: 2-8g/m of amorpha fruticosa22-8g/m of lespedeza2Elm 0.5-8g/m20.5-3g/m of caragana microphylla20.05-2g/m of orychophragmus violaceus20.05-2g/m of crowtoe20.05-2g/m of corolla coronaria20.5-4g/m of cotinus coggygria20.5-4g/m of alfalfa20.5-8g/m of tall fescue2。
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plant seeds comprise amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza bicolor, elm, hippophae rhamnoides, coreopsis tinctoria, bermuda grass, trefoil alba, alfalfa and festuca arundinacea, and the ratio of the components in the plant seeds is: 2-8g/m of amorpha fruticosa22-8g/m of lespedeza2Elm, elm0.5-8g/m20.5-3g/m of hippophae rhamnoides20.05-2g/m of coreopsis tinctoria21-3g/m of bermudagrass21-3g/m of paspalum natatum21-4g/m of white clover20.5-4g/m of alfalfa20.5-8g/m of tall fescue2。
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| CN112012234A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-01 | 周永松 | Construction method of anchor spraying protective structure |
| CN112042322A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-08 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, preparation method and spray seeding method |
| CN115299312A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-08 | 江西盛晖建设有限公司 | Special plant growing matrix formula and method for slope ecological restoration |
| CN115568401A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-06 | 北京百灵天地环保科技股份有限公司 | High-molecular-aggregate fiber spray-seeding base material and construction method thereof |
| CN116058254A (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-05-05 | 北京首创环境科技有限公司 | Ecological base material based on rock slope protection and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112042322B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-04-08 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, preparation method and spray seeding method |
| CN112012234A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-01 | 周永松 | Construction method of anchor spraying protective structure |
| CN115299312A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-08 | 江西盛晖建设有限公司 | Special plant growing matrix formula and method for slope ecological restoration |
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