CN112042322A - Fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, preparation method and spray seeding method - Google Patents
Fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, preparation method and spray seeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112042322A CN112042322A CN202010966519.0A CN202010966519A CN112042322A CN 112042322 A CN112042322 A CN 112042322A CN 202010966519 A CN202010966519 A CN 202010966519A CN 112042322 A CN112042322 A CN 112042322A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F120/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/52—Amides or imides
- C08F120/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F120/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, a preparation method and a spray seeding method, wherein a component A in the fiber granule comprises acrylic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium bisulfite and urea, has hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, and carboxyl on a long molecular chain can adsorb ions such as aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium and the like in soil to cause molecular crosslinking and form insoluble substances, so that soil fibrosis reaction is realized; the component B comprises acrylamide, Tween 80, potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and molecular chains in the component B contain a certain number of polar groups, so that soil particles can be bridged and connected by adsorbing soil particles suspended in water, and the aggregate structure of the soil is reconstructed. The use of the granules can promote soil particles to rapidly form an agglomerate structure, and the granules have good anti-scouring performance to avoid early falling. The granular structure is stable and durable, the air permeability is good, and the granular structure resists rain wash.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological protection substrates, in particular to a fiber granule for slope spray seeding, a preparation method and a spray seeding method.
Background
The spray-seeding ecological protection technology has the advantages of high construction efficiency, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to the field of slope ecological protection. The traditional spray-seeding technology sprays the planting soil, the water-retaining agent, the adhesive, the fertilizer, the plant seeds and the like to the soil or rock slope after being stirred by a spray-seeding machine, the seeds germinate and grow in the soil or rock slope, and the vegetation root system is utilized to achieve the effect of ecological slope protection. The currently used adhesives are polyacrylamides and achieve the desired effect when treating relatively shallow slopes (< 40 ℃). When a steep slope (more than 40 degrees) is treated, the substrate has poor anti-scouring performance and poor water and fertilizer retention effects, so that the greening effect is unstable and cannot reach the expected effect. If too much adhesive is applied, it can also cause the matrix material to harden, affecting plant growth. Therefore, the composition of the matrix of the spray-seeding technology needs to be optimized to improve the anti-scouring performance of the matrix.
At present, the soil particles are mutually adsorbed by using an adhesive in the slope ecological protection matrix material to form a certain amount of cemented substances, and simultaneously, the plant fibers are added to improve the anti-scouring performance of the slope ecological protection matrix material by utilizing the net-shaped connection effect among the fibers. The amount of binder is generally from 20 to 30g/m2And the adjustment can be properly carried out according to the difference of slope gradient, climate condition and the like. The plant fiber is wood fiber or grass fiber, and the dosage of the fiber is generally 600-800g/m2The dosage is also increased when the gradient is increased.
The existing spray-seeding technology mostly uses an adhesive to ensure that soil particles have certain viscosity and are adsorbed with each other to form an agglomerate structure, and the mesh connection effect of plant fibers is utilized to achieve the purpose of anti-scouring. However, the adhesive is generally suitable for slope surfaces with a relatively slow slope (less than 40 degrees), and when the slope surfaces are relatively steep (more than 40 degrees), the anti-scouring effect is poor, the growth of plants is influenced, and the greening effect is unstable. If the binder is used excessively, problems such as soil hardening may occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, a preparation method and a spray seeding method. The granular structure is stable and durable, the air permeability is good, and the granular structure resists rain wash.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a preparation method of a fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a group A raw material: 45-50 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide, adjusting the concentration of the sodium hydroxide to 20-30% by mass with water, and cooling; slowly adding the mixture into 95-100 parts by mass of acrylic acid for partial neutralization, and adjusting the pH to 7-7.5; adding 2-5 parts by mass of urea, sequentially adding 0.03-0.1 part by mass of potassium persulfate and 0.05-0.1 part by mass of sodium bisulfite, and heating for reaction for a period of time;
preparing raw materials of group B: 480-500 parts by mass of acrylamide, preparing the acrylamide with water to a concentration of 25-30%, and adding 0.05-0.1 part by mass of Tween 80; sequentially adding 0.12-0.4 part by mass of potassium persulfate and 0.2-0.4 part by mass of sodium bisulfite, and reacting for a period of time at normal temperature;
and uniformly mixing the prepared group A raw material and the prepared group B raw material, drying and crushing to form the fiber granules.
Further, the heating reaction is carried out for a period of time specifically as follows: heating to 60-70 deg.c for 4-5 hr.
Further, the reaction at normal temperature for a period of time specifically comprises: reacting for 3-4 hours at normal temperature.
Further, the temperature for drying is not higher than 80 ℃.
The invention also provides a fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the fiber granule for side slope spray seeding.
Further, sodium polyacrylate, water molecules and polyacrylamide are included; the sodium polyacrylate forms a high molecular space network; water molecules diffuse to a polymer space network in a permeation mode to form sol; polar groups in the polyacrylamide enable soil particles to be connected in a bridging manner by adsorbing soil particles suspended in water, so that a granular structure of the soil is reconstructed.
Further, comprising: mixing and stirring a fiber granule agent and water according to the proportion of 1: 400-1: 500 to form a fiber granule agent solution; adding the fiber grain agent solution into a mixing tank of a spray seeding machine to be mixed with other stirred matrix materials, so that the fiber grain agent solution and the other matrix materials are subjected to a clustering reaction; and spraying the substrate to the slope surface by using a spray seeder.
Further, the dosage of the fiber granules is 20-35g/m2。
Further, when the slope gradient of the side slope is steeper than 1:1, the dosage of the fiber granule agent is more than 30g/m2Otherwise, the dosage of the fiber granule agent is 20-30g/m2。
Further, other matrix materials include plant fiber, loam, organic matter, microorganisms, and plant seeds; 2-5kg/m of plant fiber250-100kg/m loam25-10kg/m of organic matter220-30g/m of microorganism2。
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the use of the granules is beneficial to forming an agglomerated structure of soil, eliminating soil hardening, increasing the anti-scouring performance of the matrix and enabling the spray seeding technology to be applicable to steeper slope surfaces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a fiber granule for slope spray seeding;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a spray-seeding method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The granulating agent is a water-soluble high-molecular polymer and is prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid and other monomers. The fiber granule has white granular appearance and density of 1.58g/cm3The solid content is more than or equal to 88 percent, the molecular weight is 1200 ten thousand, and the pH value of 1 percent aqueous solution is 7-8. With reference to fig. 1, the preparation method is as follows:
(1) preparation of the starting Material
Group A raw materials: acrylic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium bisulfite and urea.
a. 45-50 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide, adjusting the concentration of the sodium hydroxide to 20-30% by mass with water, and cooling;
b. 95-100 parts by mass of acrylic acid is neutralized by the part a, and the pH is adjusted to 7-7.5;
c. adding 0.03-0.1 part by mass of potassium persulfate, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of sodium bisulfite and 2-5 parts by mass of urea, and reacting at 60-70 ℃ for 4-5 hours.
B group of raw materials: acrylamide, Tween 80 (polysorbate-80), potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite.
a. 480-500 parts by mass of acrylamide, preparing the acrylamide with water to a concentration of 25% -30%, and adding 0.05-0.1 part by mass of Tween 80;
b. adding 0.12-0.4 part by mass of potassium persulfate and 0.2-0.4 part by mass of sodium bisulfite, and reacting at low temperature for 3-4 hours.
(2) Mixing group A and group B, oven drying at 80 deg.C, and pulverizing.
The action principle of the granulating agent is as follows: the component A (mainly sodium polyacrylate) in the fiber granule forms a slightly crosslinked polymer space network, and when the slightly crosslinked polymer space network meets water, the slightly crosslinked polymer space network is ionized into positively charged low molecular ions (Na +) and negatively charged high molecular ions. The low molecular ions (Na +) contact with water to move and leave the high molecular ion chains, and the high molecular network beams are gradually stretched (or swelled) from a mutual winding state due to mutual electric repulsion between the high molecular ions with negative charges, so that osmotic pressure is generated inside and outside the network structure, and water molecules are diffused to the network structure in an osmotic mode to form sol. The granules have strong water absorption. In addition, carboxylate radicals on long chains of the molecules of the component A solution can adsorb ions such as aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium and the like in soil, so that effective charges of high molecular chains are reduced, electrostatic repulsion among the chains is weakened, insoluble salt is formed, molecular crosslinking is caused, and soil fibrosis is realized; the molecular chain of the component B (polyacrylamide) contains a certain number of polar groups, and the polar groups can absorb soil particles suspended in water to bridge and connect the soil particles and reconstruct the granular structure of the soil.
The invention provides a spray seeding method of a granulating agent, which is combined with figure 2 and comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dissolving the fiber granules and water according to the proportion of 1: 400-1: 500, wherein the fiber granules and water are fully dissolved to form a fiber granule solution. The usual dosage of the fiber granule is 25g/m2The slope and the spraying thickness can be properly adjusted;
(2) adding the fiber granule solution into a mixing tank of a spray seeding machine, and fully mixing with other stirred matrix materials to ensure that the mixture is subjected to a granulation reaction;
(3) and spraying the substrate to the slope surface by using a spray seeder.
Comparative example 1
Under the condition of only using other matrixes and not using the granulating agent, the method is suitable for flat greening, and the matrixes can flow when being applied to the side slope. The substrate is selected from loam, grass fiber (wood fiber), water-retaining agent and organic fertilizer. The cohesive force of the spray-seeding matrix is 11.36 kPa.
Example 1
Preparing a 25% aqueous solution from 48kg of sodium hydroxide with water, cooling, slowly adding 96kg of acrylic acid for neutralization, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.5; adding 4kg of urea, sequentially adding 0.08kg of potassium persulfate and 0.08kg of sodium bisulfite, and reacting for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to form a group A raw material;
500kg of acrylamide was added to a 30% concentration in water, and 0.1kg of Tween 80 was added. 0.3kg of potassium persulfate and 0.3kg of sodium hydrogen sulfite were added thereto, and the reaction was carried out at a low temperature for 3 hours.
Mixing group A and group B, drying at 80 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain granule;
stirring and dissolving the fiber granules and water according to the proportion of 1:400 to form a fiber granule solution. The slope gradient is 1:15, the dosage of the fiber granule agent is 25g/m2。
Adding the fiber granule solution into a mixing tank of a spray seeding machine, and fully mixing with other stirred matrix materials to ensure that the mixture is subjected to a granulation reaction; other matrix material is selected from grass fiber 3kg/m270kg/m of loam2Organic matter 5kg/m223g/m of microorganism2。
c. And (3) using a foreign soil spray-seeding machine, adjusting parameters such as pumping pressure of the spray-seeding machine, and carrying out spray-seeding from top to bottom on the uniformly mixed matrix.
The cohesive force of the spray-seeding matrix is 30kPa, and the cohesive force can increase the anti-scouring performance of the slope.
Example 2
Preparing 30% aqueous solution by using 50kg of sodium hydroxide and water, cooling, adding 100kg of acrylic acid for neutralization, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.5; adding 3kg of urea, adding 0.06kg of potassium persulfate and 0.07kg of sodium bisulfite, and reacting for 5 hours at 70 ℃ to form a group A raw material;
500kg of acrylamide was added to a 30% concentration in water, and 0.1kg of Tween 80 was added. 0.4kg of potassium persulfate and 0.4kg of sodium hydrogen sulfite were added thereto, and the reaction was carried out at a low temperature for 3 hours.
Mixing group A and group B, drying at 80 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain granule;
stirring and dissolving the fiber granule agent and water according to the proportion of 1:450 to form a fiber granule agent solution. The slope gradient is 1: 0.75, the dosage of the fiber granule is 35g/m2。
Adding the fiber granule solution into a mixing tank of a spray seeding machine, and fully mixing with other stirred matrix materials to ensure that the mixture is subjected to a granulation reaction; other matrix material is selected from wood fiber 4kg/m270kg/m of loam28kg/m of organic matter223g/m of microorganism2。
c. And (3) using a foreign soil spray-seeding machine, adjusting parameters such as pumping pressure of the spray-seeding machine, and carrying out spray-seeding from top to bottom on the uniformly mixed matrix.
The cohesive force of the spray-seeding matrix is 40 kPa.
In conclusion, the invention relates to a fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, a preparation method and a spray seeding method, wherein the component A in the fiber granule comprises acrylic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium bisulfite and urea, has hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, and carboxyl on a long molecular chain can adsorb ions such as aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium and the like in soil to cause molecular crosslinking and form insoluble substances, so that soil fibrosis reaction is realized; the component B comprises acrylamide, Tween 80, potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, and molecular chains in the component B contain a certain number of polar groups, so that soil particles can be bridged and connected by adsorbing soil particles suspended in water, and the aggregate structure of the soil is reconstructed. The use of the granules can promote soil particles to rapidly form an agglomerate structure, and the granules have good anti-scouring performance to avoid early falling. The granular structure is stable and durable, the air permeability is good, and the granular structure resists rain wash.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a fiber granule for side slope spray seeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a group A raw material: 45-50 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide, adjusting the concentration of the sodium hydroxide to 20-30% by mass with water, and cooling; slowly adding the mixture into 95-100 parts by mass of acrylic acid for partial neutralization, and adjusting the pH to 7-7.5; adding 2-5 parts by mass of urea, sequentially adding 0.03-0.1 part by mass of potassium persulfate and 0.05-0.1 part by mass of sodium bisulfite, and heating for reaction for a period of time;
preparing raw materials of group B: 480-500 parts by mass of acrylamide, preparing the acrylamide with water to a concentration of 25-30%, and adding 0.05-0.1 part by mass of Tween 80; sequentially adding 0.12-0.4 part by mass of potassium persulfate and 0.2-0.4 part by mass of sodium bisulfite, and reacting for a period of time at normal temperature;
and uniformly mixing the prepared group A raw material and the prepared group B raw material, drying and crushing to form the fiber granules.
2. The preparation method of the fiber granule for side slope spray seeding according to claim 1, wherein the heating reaction is carried out for a period of time specifically as follows: heating to 60-70 deg.c for 4-5 hr.
3. The preparation method of the fiber granule for side slope spray seeding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reaction at normal temperature for a period of time is specifically as follows: reacting for 3-4 hours at normal temperature.
4. The method for preparing the fiber granule for spraying on the side slope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drying temperature is not higher than 80 ℃.
5. A fiber granule for spraying on side slopes, which is prepared by the method for preparing the fiber granule for spraying on side slopes of claims 1 to 4.
6. The fiber granule for side slope spray seeding of claim 5, which comprises sodium polyacrylate, water molecules and polyacrylamide; the sodium polyacrylate forms a high molecular space network; water molecules diffuse to a polymer space network in a permeation mode to form sol; polar groups in the polyacrylamide enable soil particles to be connected in a bridging manner by adsorbing soil particles suspended in water, so that a granular structure of the soil is reconstructed.
7. The method for spraying the fine granules for slope spraying according to claim 5 or 6, comprising: mixing and stirring a fiber granule agent and water according to the proportion of 1: 400-1: 500 to form a fiber granule agent solution; adding the fiber grain agent solution into a mixing tank of a spray seeding machine to be mixed with other stirred matrix materials, so that the fiber grain agent solution and the other matrix materials are subjected to a clustering reaction; and spraying the substrate to the slope surface by using a spray seeder.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the amount of the fine particles is 20-35g/m2。
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the amount of the fiber granule used is greater than 30g/m when the slope gradient is steeper than 1:12Otherwise, the dosage of the fiber granule agent is 20-30g/m2。
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the other substrate materials include plant fiber, loam, organic matter, microorganisms, and plant seeds; 2-5kg/m of plant fiber250-100kg/m loam25-10kg/m of organic matter220-30g/m of microorganism2。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112625694A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Fiber assisting agent for slope spray-seeding greening, preparation method and matrix |
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| 高峰: "丙烯酸类均聚物和共聚物", 《药用高分子材料学》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112625694A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Fiber assisting agent for slope spray-seeding greening, preparation method and matrix |
| CN112625694B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-03-04 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Fiber assisting agent for slope spray-seeding greening, preparation method and matrix |
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| CN112042322B (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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