CN110946040A - Method for preventing grass irrigation and mixed planting suitable for soil slope in northern Xinjiang desert area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing soil slope from protecting grass and irrigating mixed planting in northern Xinjiang desert area, which is completed by the steps of harvesting, storing, sowing time, sowing principle, preparation before sowing, grass seed sowing, shrub planting and management after sowing, and the method is based on the herbaceous plant sowing method for protecting the northern Xinjiang slope, further optimizes the selection and planting of grass seeds, adopts drought-enduring perennial grass seeds and shrubs which are widely distributed in the northern Xinjiang area, combines the good effect of grass slope protection and the growth stability of shrubs through a construction method suitable for the slope, can greatly improve the protection effect of the soil slope in the desert area, and realizes the growth in the area with 100-inch rainfall in winter and 200mm in summer by only utilizing the accumulated snow in winter.

Description

Method for preventing grass irrigation and mixed planting suitable for soil slope in northern Xinjiang desert area

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preventing soil slope from protecting grass irrigation and mixed planting in a desert area of northern Xinjiang, which is suitable for ecological protection of water conservancy and traffic engineering in the desert area of northern Xinjiang and soil slope of flood bank under the condition of no irrigation; the applicable area covers the desert area with rainfall greater than 100mm in northern Xinjiang.

Background

There are many large-scale hydraulic engineering, highway, railway, etc. in northern Xinjiang desert area. In order to protect the safe operation of the engineering, a side slope is built beside the engineering roadbed. The engineering soil slope has large gradient (about 30 degrees), and due to the lack of vegetation coverage, the slope protection of partial sections and the water and soil loss of dam surfaces are serious, and the situations of silt entering a channel, road filling, flood bank washout and the like frequently occur. Although the engineering management department repairs the unstable slopes year after year, a plurality of problems still exist in the stability of the slopes. The pure slope engineering protection technology has high cost and influences the main canal environment and ecological landscape. Vegetation cover is becoming an increasingly effective way to control erosion and stabilize slopes. In addition, the damage problem of the rats in partial sections of the diversion project to the dam, the blockage of the channel by silt mixed with flood, the damage of malignant weeds to the seepage-proofing system of the channel and the damage of wind and sand along the way all cause serious threats to the safe and durable operation of the diversion project.

At present, there are three main methods for slope protection, namely engineering slope protection, plant slope protection and slope protection combining engineering and vegetation. The engineering slope protection usually adopts cement skeleton bank protection, and the advantage is that the construction is quick, and short-term effect is obvious. The disadvantages of high cost, high subsequent management cost and certain service life; the plant slope protection has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, environmental improvement, high sustainable utilization and unobvious short-term effect, and has poor protection effect on strong water and soil loss and wind erosion; the slope protection mode that plant bank protection and engineering bank protection combined together has combined both advantages, has overcome mutual shortcoming, is the slope protection mode that adopts more often at present.

The plants commonly adopted by a plurality of plant slope protection technologies at home and abroad are suitable for local grass seeds with relatively drought resistance, barren resistance, strong soil fixing capacity, developed root systems and good protection effect. For example, the grass seeds designed for loess slopes on two sides of the yellow-extending highway in China include bromus formosanus, agropyron fasciatus, setaria viridis, ormosia viridis, corolla tenuifolia and the like; according to the characteristics of local climate and soil conditions, the national 207 highway Xibaipo-Shanxi junjie highway selects ryegrass, white clover, reed fescue, bent leaf brow, big winged bean, tall fescue and the like, is proportionally adjusted by various dominant grass species, and 4 different plant species formulas are prepared, so that a better slope protection effect is achieved. However, the plants have certain limited use areas, namely the plants are only suitable for areas with annual rainfall more than 400 mm. Even grass seeds such as bermuda grass, bluegrass and the like which are relatively drought-resistant can not emerge basically under the condition of no irrigation in northern Xinjiang area, or wither, yellow and wilting after emergence of seedlings, and can not adapt to arid climate in northern Xinjiang. In recent herbaceous plant sowing technical patents related to northern Xinjiang slope protection, 1-year-old herbaceous plants such as halophytes, alkali Kochia scoparia, scattered branch salsola collina, gooseberry and the like are adopted, and the herbaceous plants can normally develop and grow in arid regions without irrigation, and can effectively protect the side slope. However, after 2 years, the 1-year grassy character determines that the overall slope protection effect is not stable, and some sections are not good or do not develop.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a grass protection and irrigation mixed planting method suitable for soil side slopes in northern Xinjiang desert areas, which is completed by the steps of harvesting, storing, sowing time, sowing principle, preparation before sowing, grass seed sowing, shrub planting and management after sowing, and the method is based on the herbaceous plant sowing method for protecting the side slopes in northern Xinjiang patent 201410629685.6, further optimizes the selection and planting of grass seeds, adopts drought-enduring perennial grass seeds and shrubs widely distributed in northern Xinjiang areas, can greatly improve the protection effect of the soil side slopes in desert areas by combining the good effect of slope protection and the growth stability of the shrubs through a construction method suitable for the side slopes, and realizes the purpose of growing in areas with 100-inch water fall of 200mm annual water fall by only utilizing accumulated snow in winter and limited rainfall in spring and summer.

The invention relates to a method for preventing soil slope from protecting grass and irrigating mixed planting in the desert area of northern Xinjiang, which comprises the following steps:

harvesting of seeds:

a. harvesting time: collecting seeds of Artemisia desertorum, Aceris lanceolata, Salicornia herbacea and Siberian Nitraria sibirica within 7-10 months of full maturity;

b. seed storage: spreading and airing the seeds of the artemisia desertorum and the stipa capillaris after the seeds are collected; spreading and airing the seeds with the leaf wings of the salicornia europaea till the seeds are completely dried, enabling the fruits of the siberian nitraria to have pulp, soaking the fruits in warm water for 2 hours, gently rubbing the fruits with hands after the pulp is softened to separate the pulp from the seeds, taking out the seeds, spreading and airing the seeds till the seeds are completely dried;

c. b, putting the seeds aired in the step b into a cloth bag, and placing the cloth bag in a ventilated and dry room;

d. sowing time: selecting from 10 late months to 11 early months before the autumn soil is frozen;

e. preparation before broadcasting: selecting slope soil as gobi sandy loam, gray brown desert soil, gypsum gray brown calcium soil or sulfate meadow soil, preparing soil on the slope surface before sowing, raking the gray brown desert soil, the gypsum gray brown calcium soil or the sulfate meadow soil except the gobi sandy loam, uniformly raking the slope surface once, wherein the rake depth is between 2 and 5cm, and loosening surface soil;

f. mixing the three seeds of artemisia desertorum, the stipa capillaris and the agriophyllum squarrosum according to the volume ratio of 2:1:1, mixing the mixed seeds with wet sandy soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1 before sowing the seeds, and then sowing the seeds;

g. sowing grass seeds: manually sowing and scattering the three kinds of mixed seed soil of artemisia desertorum, the pinus glomerulus and the dasypyrum herb on the raked slope according to 2-3 kg/mu, uniformly spreading the mixed seed soil on the slope, uniformly raking the seed soil once by using the rakes, and finally pressing the slope by re-raking the raked slope by using the back of a shovel;

h. and (3) planting shrubs: after snow is melted in the spring of the second year, checking the planted sections, selecting the sections with poor seedling emergence, supplementing herbaceous plant seeds, and planting Siberian nitraria seedlings by using a slot planting spade; selecting 1-year-old Siberian nitraria seedling to plant, inserting the root system of the robust 1-year-old seedling with the root length more than 15cm into a gap vertically and extendedly by using a sewing and planting spade according to the plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 1m, lifting the seedling, treading, filling soil to the seedling basal stem, treading again, and covering soil slightly higher than the ground;

if the slope protection is carried out beside the highway and railway engineering, the Siberian nitraria fingerlings are planted on the flood control flood-raising flood-facing slope, and the planting time is selected after snow is melted in spring;

i. managing after broadcasting: and (3) if the slope erosion gully is larger or the slope of the flood bank is washed down in the current year of grass seed sowing, leveling the slope of the erosion gully or the washing-down section in autumn, and continuously reseeding grass seeds and planting nursery stocks.

The invention relates to a method for preventing grass irrigation from being mixed and planted on a soil slope in a northern Xinjiang desert area, which has the following innovation points:

reasonably controlling the seed collecting time, reliably collecting grass seeds with reliable maturity, selecting creeping shrubs with drought resistance and saline-alkali resistance, strictly controlling the sowing period, fully utilizing the characteristics of grass seed development in arid and semiarid regions, surviving and growing under the condition of no irrigation, and forming effective protection on soil slopes in desert regions, wherein the coverage degree in the current year is more than 50%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a picture of a second year of slope sowing of Artemisia desertorum of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a picture of a second year of planting stipa glauca on a slope according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a picture of the present invention of a canopy of suaeda salsa planted on a side slope;

FIG. 4 is a picture of Siberian nitraria in the same year of slope planting according to the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The method is implemented on the side slope of a yellow flag dam section of a side slope of a Clarityziqia water conservancy project, the area of the side slope is 50 mu, seeds are collected in 9-10 months in 2014, the seeds are sown at the beginning of 11 months, the height of the seedlings is 30cm in 2015 9 months, the coverage is more than 50%, the seedling emergence effect of partial sections is poor, and Siberia nitraria seedlings are planted in 2016 spring after the grass seeds are sown.

Examples

Harvesting and storing seeds:

harvesting time: collecting seeds of Artemisia desertorum (Artemisia ordosica Krasch.), Imperata elata (Stipa capitata L.), Salsola ruthenica and Siberian white thorn (Nitraria L.) in 7-10 months when the seeds are fully mature;

mature characteristics: artemisia desertorum Krasch of Compositae belongs to semi-shrub, the fruiting period is 8-10 months (Artemisia desertorum distributed around Guerbonggute desert, the mature period is from late 8 to middle 10 months; Claritia odorata is in the northern region, the mature period is later, from middle 10 to middle 11 months, the thousand seed weight of the seeds is about 0.8-0.9g, the mature Artemisia desertorum seeds are brown, and the germination rate is about 50%;

stipa capillata (Stipa capitata L.), perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Stipa of the family Gramineae, a fruit stage of 7-8 months, a thousand seed weight of about 1.0g, a germination rate of 30-50% of seeds, and a spindle of caryopsis;

salsola ruthenica (Salsola ruthenica), 1-year-old herbaceous plant of Salicornia of Chenopodiaceae, fruit period is 9-10 months, thousand seed weight is about 0.5-0.6g, germination rate of seed is 70-80%, when the seed is mature, part above the flower back fin is hardened and near leather, and the flower quilt and seed with wing are easy to fall off from parent body and spread to far place by wind;

siberian Nitraria (Nitraria L.), shrub of Nitraria, with a fruit period of 7-9 months, the dried fruit has a thousand-grain weight of about 30-40g, a germination rate of about 70%, dark red when cooked, dark blue-purple fruit juice, sweet and slightly salty taste; the fruit stone is egg-shaped, the tip is sharp, the length is 5mm-6mm, and the base is 3mm wide; 1 seed;

the harvesting method comprises the following steps: sand sagebrush: after the seeds are mature, lightly stroking branches with the seeds by wearing gloves, so that the seeds can fall off, or paving a cloth bag under a sand sagebrush plant cluster, and lightly beating with a small stick to obtain the seeds; stipa: the seeds can be obtained by a method of tapping with a small stick, or by wearing a cloth glove, grasping the part of the stipa capillata with the seeds and gently kneading the part to obtain the seeds; the method comprises the following steps of (1) fluffy spiny sand: after the seeds are mature, the seeds are easy to fall off, and the seeds with the leaf wings can be obtained by tapping with a small stick; siberian nitraria: after the fruit is ripe, the branch with the fruit is pinched by hands, and the fruit shakes back and forth, and falls off. Some parts which do not fall off can be pinched off by hands one by one;

seed storage: after the seeds of the artemisia desertorum and the stipa capillaris are collected, the seeds contain a small amount of water and need to be spread for airing; the suaeda salsa seeds are provided with the leaf wings without removing the leaf wings, and are spread out and aired to be completely dry (the sowing is carried out under the condition that the side slope is not irrigated, the leaf wings are beneficial to storing the moisture at the periphery of the seeds, and the sowing effect is better); soaking Siberian Nitraria fruit with pulp in warm water for 2 hr, softening the pulp, rubbing with hand to separate the pulp from the seeds, taking out the seeds, spreading and air drying to completely dry;

the seeds of the above 4 species need to be aired outdoors without wind and under the dry condition, and cannot be exposed in the sun, so as to avoid the situation that the seeds are burnt and the germination rate is influenced due to overhigh temperature, and generally the seeds can be cured within 2 to 3 days;

sowing principle: according to the biological characteristics and seed germination characteristics of four desert plants, three species of artemisia desertorum, stipa capillaris and suaeda salsa are directly sown, and Siberia nitraria is planted after seedling cultivation;

sowing time: according to the germination characteristics of the desert herbaceous plant seeds, sowing is carried out in the last 10 to last 11 months before the autumn soil is frozen, so that the germination of the seeds in the next year is facilitated;

preparation before broadcasting: selecting slope soil as gobi sandy loam, gray brown desert soil, gypsum gray brown calcium soil or sulfate meadow soil, preparing soil on the slope surface before sowing, raking the gray brown desert soil, the gypsum gray brown calcium soil or the sulfate meadow soil except the gobi sandy loam, uniformly raking the slope surface once, wherein the rake depth is 2-5cm, loosening surface soil and preparing for better seed implantation;

mixing the three seeds of artemisia desertorum, the stipa capillaris and the agriophyllum squarrosum according to the volume ratio of 2:1:1, mixing the mixed seeds with wet sand soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1 before sowing the seeds, and then sowing the seeds, wherein when the seed soil is sowed, the seeds cannot be too small and light and float with wind, so that the sowing is not uniform, and meanwhile, due to the viscous wetting effect of water, the seeds can be more fully mixed with the soil, so that the emergence rate is improved;

sowing grass seeds: manually sowing the mixed seed soil on the raked slope according to the sowing quantity of 2-3 kg/mu, uniformly spreading the mixed seed soil on the slope, uniformly raking the seed soil once by using the rakes, and finally, patting the raked slope once again by using the back of a shovel to press the slope, wherein the pressing process is important and can not be omitted, and the seed soil on the surface layer can be blown down a lot if the pressing is insufficient due to the fact that the heavy weather with different degrees exists in northern Xinjiang, autumn and winter and spring, and meanwhile, the soil moisture of loose surface soil is greatly influenced by the external weather, so that the rate of emergence in spring is influenced;

and (3) planting shrubs: after snow is melted in the spring of the second year, checking the planted sections, selecting the sections with poor seedling emergence, supplementing herbaceous plant seeds, and planting Siberian nitraria seedlings, wherein the reason for poor seedling emergence in the similar sections is that the surface soil moisture is too low or the seedlings contain saline alkali, so that the herbaceous seedlings are not easy to germinate or die after germination, and planting creeping shrub species to replace herbaceous plants for slope protection;

sowing herbaceous plant seeds, planting Siberian nitraria seedlings by using a seam planting spade, performing seedling culture before sowing (the seedling culture method refers to the technical specification DB 65/T3588-2014 of Siberian nitraria cultivation), selecting 1-year-old Siberian nitraria seedlings for planting (robust 1-year-old seedlings with the root length larger than 15 cm), planting according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 1m, and forcibly vertically stepping the seam planting spade (refer to the appendix B in DB 65/T3320) into soil according to the row spacing of planting points until the spade is submerged, slightly swinging, and vertically and stretching the root system of the seedlings to be inserted into the gaps after the seam planting spade is pulled out; inserting the sewing and planting spade into the soil again at a distance of 10cm from the nursery stock, shaking the spade handle up and down, squeezing the gap, lifting the nursery stock, treading tightly, filling soil to the nursery stock base stem, treading tightly again, and covering soil slightly higher than the ground;

if the slope protection is carried out beside the highway and railway engineering, Siberian white spiny seedlings are required to be planted on the flood-prevention and flood-raising slope, after snow melting in spring is selected in the planting opportunity, the soil moisture content after snow melting and favorable moisture conditions of the flood-raising slope are fully utilized to complete planting, and the afforestation survival rate is improved;

managing after broadcasting:

1) in the current year of grass seed sowing, because seedlings are small, under the influence of snowmelt flood in spring and heavy rainfall in summer, the erosion of the slope erosion gully can be generated, management is not needed under the condition that the erosion has little influence on the slope, if the slope erosion gully is large or the slope of a flood bank is eroded, the slope of the erosion gully or the erosion section needs to be leveled in autumn, and grass seeds and seedlings are continuously sown and planted.

2) In the field where not only grass seeds are sown, but also Siberian nitraria shrubs are planted. If the moisture condition is good, the herbs grow faster, and Siberian nitraria seedlings cannot compete with the herbs due to the slower growth, and gradually die due to withering and yellowing. Under the condition, shrub seedlings do not need to be replanted; if the water condition is poor, the herbaceous plants grow less or basically, the Siberian nitraria seedlings grow gradually to replace the herbaceous plant slope protection because the Siberian nitraria seedlings are seedlings, the root systems are deep, and the drought resistance is better than that of the herbaceous plants.

Claims (1)

1. A method for preventing grass irrigation mixed planting suitable for soil slope in northern Xinjiang desert area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

harvesting of seeds:

a. harvesting time: collecting seeds of Artemisia desertorum, Aceris lanceolata, Salicornia herbacea and Siberian Nitraria sibirica within 7-10 months of full maturity;

b. seed storage: spreading and airing the seeds of the artemisia desertorum and the stipa capillaris after the seeds are collected; spreading and airing the seeds with the leaf wings of the salicornia europaea till the seeds are completely dried, enabling the fruits of the siberian nitraria to have pulp, soaking the fruits in warm water for 2 hours, gently rubbing the fruits with hands after the pulp is softened to separate the pulp from the seeds, taking out the seeds, spreading and airing the seeds till the seeds are completely dried;

c. b, putting the seeds aired in the step b into a cloth bag, and placing the cloth bag in a ventilated and dry room;

d. sowing time: selecting from 10 late months to 11 early months before the autumn soil is frozen;

e. preparation before broadcasting: selecting slope soil as gobi sandy loam, gray brown desert soil, gypsum gray brown calcium soil or sulfate meadow soil, preparing soil on the slope surface before sowing, raking the gray brown desert soil, the gypsum gray brown calcium soil or the sulfate meadow soil except the gobi sandy loam, uniformly raking the slope surface once, wherein the rake depth is between 2 and 5cm, and loosening surface soil;

f. mixing the three seeds of artemisia desertorum, the stipa capillaris and the agriophyllum squarrosum according to the volume ratio of 2:1:1, mixing the mixed seeds with wet sandy soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1 before sowing the seeds, and then sowing the seeds;

g. sowing grass seeds: manually sowing and scattering the three kinds of mixed seed soil of artemisia desertorum, the pinus glomerulus and the dasypyrum herb on the raked slope according to 2-3 kg/mu, uniformly spreading the mixed seed soil on the slope, uniformly raking the seed soil once by using the rakes, and finally pressing the slope by re-raking the raked slope by using the back of a shovel;

h. and (3) planting shrubs: after snow is melted in the spring of the second year, checking the planted sections, selecting the sections with poor seedling emergence, supplementing herbaceous plant seeds, and planting Siberian nitraria seedlings by using a slot planting spade; selecting 1-year-old Siberian nitraria seedling to plant, inserting the root system of the robust 1-year-old seedling with the root length more than 15cm into a gap vertically and extendedly by using a sewing and planting spade according to the plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 1m, lifting the seedling, treading, filling soil to the seedling basal stem, treading again, and covering soil slightly higher than the ground;

if the slope protection is carried out beside the highway and railway engineering, the Siberian nitraria fingerlings are planted on the flood control flood-raising flood-facing slope, and the planting time is selected after snow is melted in spring;

i. managing after broadcasting: and (3) if the slope erosion gully is larger or the slope of the flood bank is washed down in the current year of grass seed sowing, leveling the slope of the erosion gully or the washing-down section in autumn, and continuously reseeding grass seeds and planting nursery stocks.

Images