CN104855124B - A kind of Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of arid area - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of arid area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104855124B CN104855124B CN201510324561.1A CN201510324561A CN104855124B CN 104855124 B CN104855124 B CN 104855124B CN 201510324561 A CN201510324561 A CN 201510324561A CN 104855124 B CN104855124 B CN 104855124B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Chinese silvergrass large-scale plantation method of arid area, so as to improve seedling stage survival rate and transplanting survival rate, the method includes nursery and transplanting, proceed by Chinese silvergrass crop field seed seedling-raising mid-April, day temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C 35 DEG C, at 15 DEG C 25 DEG C, humid control is in 60% 80%, every square metre of 700 1000 plants of nursery for night temperature control；Mid or late June to mid or late July carries out Chinese silvergrass seedling field-transplanting.The present invention is for the vast this weather conditions for being unfavorable for Chinese silvergrass growth in arid area, in the case where water application efficiency is improved to greatest extent, improve Chinese silvergrass speed of emergence, survival rate and seedling quality, and improve the transplanting speed of Chinese silvergrass seedling, realize Chinese silvergrass in the plantation of the large area of arid area and large-scale popularization, for the development of biomass energy and material industry provides quality raw materials, while in ecologically fragile area, playing a part of to conserve water and soil and improved soil.
Description
Technical field
It is a kind of biomass energy crop Chinese silvergrass the present invention relates to field of plant growing technology（Miscanthus）In arid
The large-scale plantation technology in area.
Background technology
Chinese silvergrass（Miscanthus）It is grass family herbaceos perennial, yield of biomass is high, content of cellulose enriches, can
It is biomass energy of new generation and the new material crop of World Focusing for biobased products such as refining alcohol fuels.Chinese silvergrass is in
State's species is abundant, distribution is wide, is considered as being best suited for the energy crop in the production of north of China large-scale plantation；Chinese silvergrass root system is sent out
Reach, help to maintain water and soil and improved soil；Strong stress resistance, relies on small to water, fertilizer, is adapted in arid, barren marginal land
Upper production, does not strive ground with grain；Harvesting storage is easy, suitable large-scale promotion plantation.
But, in arid area and it is unfavorable for that Chinese silvergrass grows, problem present in practice is slow Chinese silvergrass speed of emergence, is survived
Rate and seedling are of poor quality, and transplanting survival rate is low.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of Chinese silvergrass in northern arid, semiarid zone（Miscanthus）
Large-scale plantation method, so as to improve seedling stage survival rate and transplanting survival rate.
To solve above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of arid area, including step：
Nursery, proceeds by Chinese silvergrass crop field seed seedling-raising mid-April, and day temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C -35 DEG C, and night temperature control is 15
DEG C -25 DEG C, humid control is in 60%-80%, every square metre nursery 700-1000 plants；
Transplant, mid or late June to mid or late July carries out Chinese silvergrass seedling field-transplanting, seeding row spacing control exists（0.5m-0.7m）
×（0.5m-0.7m）, every mu of transplanting seedling 1361-2668.
The Chinese silvergrass nursery of northern China arid area should be carried out in mid-April, and too early temperature is too low, and plantation season is delayed too late
Section；Seedling raise period is 2-3 month, is conducive to being transplanted on a large scale in the arid area time in rainy season, improves transplanting survival rate, drop
Low planting cost.Arid area hits by drought 9 years out of 10, and rainwater is relatively concentrated in 6-9 months, in mid or late June between mid or late July
Transplanted on a large scale, not only saved irrigation amount and cost, and substantially increase transplanting survival rate.
Used as preferred scheme, Water Resources In Arid Regions lack, and evaporation capacity is big, and surface water easily scatters and disappears, using low furrow seedling
Bed nursery, can effectively improve seedbed moistening effect.Low furrow seedbed is made before nursery, furrow face makes smooth, furrow face 1-2m wide, furrow
The furrow ridge higher than furrow face 10-20 ㎝ is done between face, is easy to daily management and is transplanted lifting.
Used as preferred scheme, because arid area drought is short of rain, April temperature is relatively low, in order to be able to transplanting in time,
Greenhouse is built during nursery, greenhouse 20-40m long, width 7m, 2m high also can be according to actual nursery block size proterties and nursery demands
To determine the specification of greenhouse.Semi arch is bent and is welded into coating steel pipe, the greenhouse sideline that the insertion of semi arch two is set
On, 1 semi arch is inserted every 1m, semi arch keeps overlapping, and then the semi arch at two withstands steel with the wooden stick of 1 2.8m respectively
The both sides steel pipe middle being separated out, two alignment are lived in pipe middle, the outside oblique top of wooden stick of 2 2m；Big-canopy framework is put up
Afterwards, plastic sheeting in covering, greenhouse both sides are built canals and bury plastic sheeting both sides with soil, and door is held at greenhouse two successfully.Greenhouse can be more
Good ensures the temperature and humidity that dry area in north china seedling raising process needs（25 DEG C of temperature, humidity 75%）, every square metre of nursery
700-1000 plants, ten thousand plants or so of each greenhouse energy nursery 17-24.
As preferred scheme, during seeding and seedling raising, seedbed first is irrigated with water, make seedbed surface wettability, gently shake Chinese silvergrass
Inflorescence, makes Chinese silvergrass seed uniform broadcasting on seedbed, according to the setting percentage and germination percentage of seed, kind is covered in fine earth after sowing seeds
Sublist face, finally sprays drenched seedbed, it is ensured that temperature and humidity with water, emerges within 7-10 days, and filled spray water 1 time every 2-3 days halfway.
As preferred scheme, to be watered in time during seedling management, topdressed, Water Resources In Arid Regions are limited, be maximum
Limit improve water for larval nursing efficiency, each greenhouse using 2 40.5m hole spray irrigation bands of N45 types 5 long be laid in respectively in greenhouse away from
At two sideline 2m, be cascaded for all of greenhouse using N80 water mains by outside, and water main one connects water pump, another
Head is blocked, by the control watering time that switches off the pump, each greenhouse water spray 0.5-1h, every 2-5 days water sprays once, each morning
Or water at dusk, sprinkling irrigation formula is watered and not only saved a large amount of artificial, and is easily operated, watered uniform.After emerging 2 week and
Transplant and preferably respectively topdress 1 time in preceding 2 week, emerge the initial stage based on nitrogen fertilizer application, transplanting early stage is applying based on phosphorus potash fertilizer.
Used as preferred scheme, easily there is the phenomenon of cold spell in later spring in dry area in north china early spring, when temperature in canopy in seedling raising process
Easily there is seedling freeze injury or macerate the phenomenon of root when spending the long period less than 12 DEG C, seedling Symptoms are blade purpling, then
It is slowly dead.When occurring seedling freeze injury during seedling management or macerating root phenomenon, be watered spray it is middle protect spray it is prosperous or it is green shield etc. growth adjust
Section agent, every 20 grams of growth regulators are watered 20 kilograms, and every mu sprays 90-110 grams.Freeze injury can so be alleviated or root is macerated to seedling
Harm.
As preferred scheme, dry land transplanter is used during transplanting.Every transplanter transplants 20-50 mus daily, carries significantly
Transplanting efficiency high.
The present invention is improving water to greatest extent for the vast this weather conditions for being unfavorable for Chinese silvergrass growth in arid area
In the case of utilization ratio, Chinese silvergrass speed of emergence, survival rate and seedling quality are improved, and improve the transplanting speed of Chinese silvergrass seedling
Degree, realizes that Chinese silvergrass, in the plantation of the large area of arid area and large-scale popularization, is the hair of biomass energy and material industry
Exhibition provides quality raw materials, while in ecologically fragile area, playing a part of to conserve water and soil and improved soil, its advantage is main
It is：
（1）Using the extensive seed seedling-raising generative propagation of northern China arid area Chinese silvergrass and transplantation technique, fill up
The technological gap of such regional large-scale plantation Chinese silvergrass, is to plant energy crop on the marginal land of the northern China length and breadth of land to establish
Technical foundation is determined, with good economic, social and ecological benefits prospect.
（2）The present invention a series of Chinese silvergrass seedling-raising techniques such as is watered using seedling in greenhouse, low furrow seedbed and spray irrigation band, simple,
It is practical, it is easy to promote.Chinese silvergrass nursery temperature can be made to keep 25 DEG C of 15 DEG C -25 DEG C of -35 DEG C of night temperature of day temperature using the present invention, it is empty in canopy
Air humidity degree maintains 70% or so, and Chinese silvergrass seed can quickly be emerged for general 7-10 days, and 15-20 days are done sth. in advance than traditional seedling-raising technique,
And it is neat to emerge, it is easy to seedling management.Substantially, efficiency of water application reaches 90% to nursery water-saving result, than traditional flood irrigation nursery water
Utilization rate is divided to improve 40%.
（3）The present invention designs in good time nursery and in good time transplantation technique, and is aided with low temperature freezing-disaster treatment and pest management
Etc. technology, to improving seedling stage survival rate and ensureing that seedling quality has key effect.
（4）The Chinese silvergrass mechanization nonirrigated farmland transplantation technique that the present invention is used is 3-5 times of existing Chinese silvergrass transplanting efficiency, and is moved
Plant survival rate high, suitable large-scale plantation application.
Specific embodiment
The present invention has been carried out repeatedly in Loess Plateau, deep experiment, and its main technical schemes is implemented：
Seedling raise period：
Arid area Chinese silvergrass nursery should be carried out in mid-April, proper temperature nursery, transplant season suitable.
Nursery is selected：
For convenience nursery operation and transplant, nursery should select from transplant close to, traffic convenience, on the sunny side it is leeward,
Have abundant water resources, be easy to management place.
Fertilising site preparation：
Before rotary tillage soil, every mu applies about 40-80 kilograms of base fertilizer, and general arid area is preferably applied phosphorous composite fertilizer high or had
Machine fertilizer.After applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage ravels soil, it is ensured that plot is smooth and without large clod, is easy to nursery.
Make seedbed：
Low furrow seedbed makes and requires：Furrow face will make smooth, furrow face 1-2m wide, be done higher than furrow face 10-20 ㎝'s between furrow face
The furrow ridge, is easy to daily management and transplants lifting.
Build greenhouse：
Carry out building greenhouse before nursery, greenhouse 20-40m long, width 7m, 2m high also can be according to actual nursery block sizes
Proterties and nursery demand determine the specification of greenhouse.Coating steel pipe can voluntarily be bought to bend and be welded into semi arch, by semicircle
On the greenhouse sideline that the insertion of arc two is set in advance, 1 semi arch is inserted every 1m, semi arch keeps overlapping, then the half of two
Circular arc withstands steel pipe middle with the wooden stick of 1 2.8m respectively, the outside oblique top of wooden stick of 2 2m lives the both sides steel pipe being separated out
Middle, two alignment.After big-canopy framework is put up, plastic sheeting in covering, greenhouse both sides are built canals and bury plastic sheeting with soil
Hold door successfully in both sides, greenhouse two, it is ensured that the temperature and humidity that seedling raising process needs.
Seeding and seedling raising：
Seedbed first is irrigated with water, makes seedbed surface wettability, gently shake Chinese silvergrass inflorescence, make Chinese silvergrass seed uniform broadcasting in seedling
On bed, according to the setting percentage and germination percentage of seed, the surface of the seed is gently covered in fine earth after sowing seeds, finally sprays drenched with water
Seedbed, it is ensured that temperature and humidity, can emerge for general 7-10 days, and can fill spray water 1 time every 2-3 days halfway.
Seedling management：
To be watered in time during seedling management, topdressed, weeding and laxative.Each greenhouse is using N45 types 52 40.5m long
Hole spray irrigation band is laid in greenhouse at two sideline 2m respectively, and all of greenhouse is connected on one by outside using N80 water mains
Rise, water main one connects water pump, and other end blocks, by the control watering time that switches off the pump, each greenhouse water spray 0.5-1h,
Sprayed water once every 2-5 days, each morning or dusk water.2 week and transplanting preceding 2 week preferably respectively topdress 1 time after emerging,
The initial stage emerge based on nitrogen fertilizer application, transplants early stage to apply based on phosphorus potash fertilizer.After seedling grows a period of time in greenhouse, in seedbed
Some weeds can be grown, weeds are removed in time, it is to avoid competed with Chinese silvergrass seedling.It is possible that insect pest or disease in seedling raising process
Situations such as, the insecticides such as carbofuran can be bought or middle guarantor is sprayed the growth regulator such as prosperous and processed, treatment in time is found in time.
When occurring seedling freeze injury during seedling management or macerating root phenomenon, be watered spray it is middle protect spray it is prosperous or it is green shield etc. growth regulator, every 20
Gram growth regulator is watered 20 kilograms, and every mu sprays 90-110 grams.
Transplant in good time：
At growth of seedling 2-3 month, height of seedling 50-100cm or so regards weather feelings during mid or late June to mid or late July
Condition, is ready to transplant.
Ground is transplanted to prepare：
Before seedling replanting, should remove and transplant ground debris and rotary tillage soil using machinery, revolve 20-30 ㎝ depths, it is ensured that transplant ground
Smooth, soil ravels.
Lifting prepares：
Before Chinese silvergrass is transplanted, appropriate seedling should be in advance ready to according to daily work force efficiency.Typically preferably in the previous day
Afternoon or morning on same day lifting, plays before seedling water and irrigates seedbed, takes seedling with spade afterwards, take depth preferably 30cm with
On, prevent from digging disconnected seedling rhizome.
Transplant in nonirrigated farmland：
Arid area large-scale plantation Chinese silvergrass, it is possible to use dry land transplanter is transplanted, seeding row spacing control exists（0.5m-
0.7m）×（0.5m-0.7m）, often cheat depth 15-20 ㎝, every mu of transplanting seedling 1361-2668, daily every transplanter transplanting
20-50 mus.The small plot of the bad operation of machinery, can also manually transplant.
Field management：
Chinese silvergrass transplant it is latter as need not manage, transplanting initial stage such as special dry weather can appropriate teeming water.Chinese silvergrass moves
The cultivation initial stage competes in order to avoid weeds with it, can carry out appropriate weeding.
Claims (5)
1. Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of a kind of arid area, it is characterised in that：Including step：
Low furrow seedbed is made before nursery, furrow face makes the furrow ridge done between smooth, furrow face 1-2m wide, furrow face higher than furrow face 10-20 ㎝；
Nursery, proceeds by Chinese silvergrass crop field seed seedling-raising mid-April, day temperature control at 25 DEG C -35 DEG C, night temperature control 15 DEG C -
25 DEG C, humid control is in 60%-80%, every square metre nursery 700-1000 plants；During seeding and seedling raising, seedbed first is irrigated with water, make seedling
Bed surface wettability, gently shakes Chinese silvergrass inflorescence, makes Chinese silvergrass seed uniform broadcasting on seedbed, setting percentage and germination according to seed
Rate, the surface of the seed is covered in after sowing seeds with fine earth, finally sprays drenched seedbed with water, it is ensured that temperature and humidity, is emerged within 7-10 days,
Midway filled spray water 1 time every 2-3 days；
To be watered in time during seedling management, topdressed, each morning or dusk water every 2-5 days water sprays once；2 after emerging
Respectively topdress 1 time in preceding 2 week in individual week and transplanting, emerge the initial stage based on nitrogen fertilizer application, transplanting early stage is applying based on phosphorus potash fertilizer；
Transplant, mid or late June to mid or late July carries out Chinese silvergrass seedling field-transplanting, seeding row spacing control exists（0.5m-0.7m）×
（0.5m-0.7m）, every mu of transplanting seedling 1361-2668.
2. Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of arid area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Greenhouse is built before nursery, greatly
Canopy 20-40m long, width 7m, 2m high, bend and are welded into semi arch with coating steel pipe, the greenhouse that the insertion of semi arch two is set
On sideline, 1 semi arch is inserted every 1m, semi arch keeps overlapping, and then the semi arch at two is respectively with 1 wooden stick top of 2.8m
Firmly steel pipe middle, the outside oblique top of wooden stick of 2 2m live the both sides steel pipe middle being separated out, two alignment；Big-canopy framework
After putting up, plastic sheeting in covering, greenhouse both sides are built canals and bury plastic sheeting both sides with soil, and door is held at greenhouse two successfully.
3. Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of arid area according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Each greenhouse uses 2
The hole spray irrigation band of N45 types 5 40.5m long is laid in greenhouse at two sideline 2m respectively, and outside will be all using N80 water mains
Greenhouse be cascaded, water main one connects water pump, and other end blocks, by the control watering time that switches off the pump.
4. Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of the arid area according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that：Go out during seedling management
Existing seedling freeze injury or when macerating root phenomenon, be watered spray it is middle protect that spray is prosperous or green shield growth regulator, every 20 grams of growth regulators are watered
20 kilograms, every mu sprays 90-110 grams.
5. Chinese silvergrass implantation methods of arid area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Transplanted using nonirrigated farmland during transplanting
Machine.
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| CN109699323B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-07-02 | 滨州职业学院 | Method for breeding miscanthus sinensis in autumn of yellow river delta |
| CN115039537B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-09-05 | 芷兰生态环境建设有限公司 | Miscanthus sinensis seed seedling raising method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101554115A (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-10-14 | 王俊 | Method for culturing Chinese silvergrass with high yield |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101554115A (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-10-14 | 王俊 | Method for culturing Chinese silvergrass with high yield |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 拱形钢架大棚设计与建造安装技术;张杰等;《长江蔬菜》;20141031(第19期);第13-16页 * |
| 碧护在猕猴桃上的应用效果;韩九玲等;《西北园艺（果树）》;20110430(第2期);第35-36页 * |
| 芒属能源植物繁殖与栽培技术研究进展;王禹等;《可再生能源》;20120531(第5期);第84-88页 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20190214 Address after: 030082 Shanxi Taiyuan City Shanxi Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone Taiyuan Tanghuai Park Science and Technology Incubation Innovation Base Building 4 DE 10 Floors Patentee after: SHANXI SHUNQI NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: 033399 Wuhuai District 133, Qinglong Street, Liulin County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province Patentee before: Jie Xiang bio tech ltd, Shanxi |