CN104737738B - Method of greening bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants - Google Patents
Method of greening bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN104737738B CN104737738B CN201410740638.9A CN201410740638A CN104737738B CN 104737738 B CN104737738 B CN 104737738B CN 201410740638 A CN201410740638 A CN 201410740638A CN 104737738 B CN104737738 B CN 104737738B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of greening a bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants. The method comprises the following steps that the bare slope is cleaned, a net is fixed to the slop through anchor rods, and then plant growing matrix or casing soil is sprayed to the slope; when fruit clusters of thysanolaena maxima mature from the last ten-day of the May to the first ten-day period of the June, the fruit clusters of thysanolaena maxima are collected and threshed, and spikelet and caryopses of the thysanolaena maxima are obtained through screening; coconut chaff is placed into water and wetted, the coconut chaff is fished out after absorbing sufficient water, and the coconut chaff is evenly mixed with the spikelet and the caryopses, so that the spikelet and caryopses of the thysanolaena maxima absorb water; the coconut chaff mixed with the spikelet and caryopses of the thysanolaena maxima is mixed and stirred with pigeon pea seeds, fertilizers and water to make a spray-seeding material, the spray-seeding material is sprayed to slurry of the slope, and then the slope is covered with non-woven fabrics for maintenance until the slope is full of the thysanolaena maxima and pigeon pea plants. The method of greening the bare slope by utilizing the local herbaceous plants is simple to operate, high in greening success rate, obvious in greening effect and capable of achieving a green ecology and landscape effect.
Description
Technical field
Field is repaired the invention belongs to environmental ecology, and in particular to a kind of to afforest bare slope using herbaceous plant of one's native land
Method.
Background technology
With China's rapid development of economy, the influence to ecological environment for bringing is also increasing, such as highway
Build the bare side sloping due to excavating generation and because the construction of building and infrastructure needs to use substantial amounts of sandstone material
And the abandoned quarry that produces or mining site, with economic and society fast development, country accelerates infrastructure construction in recent years
If especially in economically developed southern area, investment is big, and the construction period is longer.The engineerings such as highway, railway, water conservancy, mine
Often massif being excavated in process of construction and a large amount of bare side slopings occur, when especially highway, railway are by mountain terrain, height is filled out
Deep-cut the substantial amounts of bare side sloping of generation.Bare side sloping can bring a series of environmental problems, such as soil erosion, landslide, mud-rock flow, office
The deterioration of portion's miniclimate and the destruction of biological chain etc..The bare slope that these engineerings are formed comes by the strength of nature itself
Recovering the ecological balance often needs the long period, and according to pertinent literature, the vegetation for such as only recovering destruction by power of nature needs
40-100.Precipitous rock slope, often marks for life, it is impossible to clear-cutting forestland.Domatic bio-engineering research shows,
Plant particularly herbaceous plant has the ability of the control soil erosion, and role mainly includes：Rainfall interception, footpath curtain coating
It is stagnant, soil anatonosis, soil consolidation etc..Therefore, be fast and effeciently to destroy it is domatic carry out ecological recovery, reduce ecological calamity
Evil, it is necessary to take appropriate measures and manually afforested to domatic.Implement the root that slope vegetation restoration and reconstruction are slope protections
This measure.The selection of plant variety is main in slope greening is determined by weather, soil, hydrologic condition and expected recovery target.
At present, from introduction grass seeds more than domestic greening side slope grass seeds, and species is less, is not suitable with the requirement of various orographic conditions.And
And degenerated because the annidation difference of some introduction grass seeds also results in the slope vegetation afforested.For local ecology bar
Part, screens suitable local herbaceous plant species, extremely important for domatic ecological recovery.Thus should in domatic ecological recovery
Based on the development and utilization of local wild resource.
Rice-pudding leaf reed Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxburgh ex Hornemann) Honda is perennial, tussock
This.Stalk 1-3m high is upright sturdy.Blade lanceolar, 20-50cm long, 3-8cm wide have transverse vein, and top is tapering, and base portion is heart-shaped, tool
Handle.Panicle is large-scale, and soft, up to 50cm, branch is more, and oblique rising, bottom is exposed, and base portion major branch is up to 30cm；Small ear
1.5-1.8mm long, small ear handle is about 2mm, has joint.Caryopsis Long Circle, is about 0.5mm.Have within 1 year a flowering fruit bearing stage twice, spring and summer or
Autumn.It is distributed widely in the ground such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Taiwan.It is born under hillside, mountain valley or the woods and shrubbery
In.India, South East Asia Mainland, Indonesia, New Guinea are distributed.Introduce a fine variety North America.Rice-pudding leaf reed well developed root system, it is extremely resistance to dry
It is non-irrigated, barren.Stalk is tall and big solid, can make hedge or papermaking, and leaf can wrap up in rice-pudding, and inflorescence is used as broom.Cultivation is used as greening and is viewed and admired.
Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan (L.) upright shrubs of Millsp., 1-3m.Multi-branched, 3-6, seed, subcircular, slightly
It is flat, skin kermesinus is planted, there is brown spot sometimes.Winter at florescence, 2 months fruiting period November to next year.Be distributed widely in Yunnan, Sichuan,
Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangsu.Now generally there is cultivation subtropical and tropical zones in the world
Training, extremely barren-resistant, arid.
The content of the invention
Simple to operate it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method, greening success rate is high, and afforestation effect substantially, can reach rapidly
To the method for afforesting bare slope using herbaceous plant of one's native land of the ecological and landscape effect of greening.
The method for afforesting bare slope using herbaceous plant of one's native land of the invention, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, cleaning bare slope, net is fixed on domatic, and then spray attachment plants raw base material or earthing as people on domatic
Work soil；
B, when late May to early June rice-pudding leaf reed fruit ear is ripe the ripe rice-pudding leaf reed of collection fruit ear, by rice-pudding leaf reed
Fruit ear threshing, sieving, obtains rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis；
C, coconut palm chaff is put into water, infiltrated, allow it to fully absorb moisture, then pull coconut palm chaff out, coconut palm chaff is small with rice-pudding leaf reed
Fringe and caryopsis are well mixed, and placement allows rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis to absorb moisture；
D, coconut palm chaff and Cajanus cajan seeds, fertilizer, adhesive and water mixing and stirring that rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis will be mixed with
Material of sowing grass seeds by duster is made, is sowed grass seeds by duster onto domatic artificial soil with spray seeder, cover non-woven fabrics, conserved, until bare side sloping
Cover with rice-pudding leaf reed and pigeonpea plant.
Galvanized wire mesh is elected in described network optimization as.
Described rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and the application rate of caryopsis are 6g/m2, the application rate of Cajanus cajan seeds is 10g/m2。
The placement of described step c allows rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis to absorb moisture and preferably places 24 hours in the cool,
Rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis is allowed to absorb moisture.
Rice-pudding leaf reed, pigeonpea easily grow, and typically broadcast latter 7-10 days and just sprout, and reed can not grow herbaceous plant rice-pudding leaf in pigeonpea
It is preceding to form covering to domatic, play a part of prevent erosion in early days i.e. rainfall interception, the effect of runoff retardation；Pigeonpea is beans
Section plant, its rhizobium have nitrogen fixation, and pigeonpea root system is deeper, play to domatic anchorage effect, herbaceous plant rice-pudding leaf reed rhizome
System is flourishing, slightly shallow with respect to shrub species root system, and reinforced action is played to domatic, and rice-pudding leaf reed and pigeonpea bank protection complement one another.
It is high that rice-pudding leaf reed can grow 60-90cm at domatic 1 year, can just be yielded positive results after 2 years, and the seed of generation falls to
Side slope surface rear portion point can will form closely knit herbaceous layer after 3 years with germinating growth in side slope, so as to play soil and slope protection,
Prevent erosion, desertification, the effect of stony desertification.The solid nitrogen of the rhizobium of pigeonpea, can provide fertilizer for the growth of rice-pudding leaf reed
Source, it is to avoid later stage fertilising, helps to reduce maintenance cost.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that：
The inventive method is simple to operate, and greening success rate is high, and afforestation effect substantially, can be rapidly reached the ecology and scape of greening
Effect is seen, rice-pudding leaf reed rhizome system is intensive, more flourishing, and soil and slope protection effect is good, and can absorb the noise in highway driving environment
The dust flown upward with absorption.Domatic without special nursing after greening, the later stage need not safeguard substantially, it is easy to popularization and application.
The present inventor completes the development and utilization of herbaceous plant rice-pudding leaf reed wild plant germ plasm resource of one's native land first, and will
Its greening for being applied to bare slope, achieves good effect.
The present invention has the advantages that following prominent：(1) rice-pudding leaf reed well developed root system, the four seasons are evergreen, and plant type is attractive in appearance；(2) rice-pudding leaf reed
The grass layer stabilization grown up in side slope, will not degenerate, and the longer the better；(3) conserve water and soil and afforest the effect of bare side sloping very
It is excellent, the ecological environment of side slope is recovered well, and coordinate with surrounding enviroment；(4) rice-pudding leaf reed and pigeonpea root system are in soil layer
The interior depth complements one another, and constitutes closely knit root system network, plays soil and slope protection effect well.
Requirement of the inventive method to weather is relatively low, and 3-10 is monthly to be implemented.Certainly, in order to ensure success rate, preferably exist
Rainy season is carried out, and can so reduce the artificial operation watered, and is conducive to saving artificial.In order to avoid initial stage soil erosion is excessively tight
Cause greening to fail again, in the operation afforested, heavy rain should be avoided.
Specific embodiment：
Following examples are further illustrated to of the invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：The rock bare side sloping greening of certain highway
1) (1) cleaning bare slope, will be domatic on loosening stone, stub etc. remove it is clean.(2) on domatic according to horizontal stroke
Spacing 2m, indulges spacing 1m, 60-80cm long, diameter 120mm bolt portions is squeezed into domatic, protruded length about 12cm.(3) hang
Net, by galvanized wire mesh (specification：String diameter 2.4mm, grid 5cm × 5cm, length × 15m × 2m wide), it is fixed on anchor pole, it is used in combinationIron wire is locked on anchor pole.(4) by planting soil (750kg/m3), peat soil (100kg/m3), biological organic fertilizer
(100kg/m3), composite fertilizer (30kg/m3), water-loss reducer (Sodium Polyacrylate/potassium SAP, 1kg/m3), binding agent (polyacrylamide,
PAM, 1kg/m3), the mixing such as appropriate amount of water make the raw base material of plant, will plant raw base material spray method on bare slope using removed-earth jet sowing machine
As artificial soil, wire netting is completely covered, soil thickness about 10cm.
2) fruit ear of the ripe rice-pudding leaf reed of 5 last ten-days period to early June collection；
3) fruit ear of collection is positioned over ventilating and cooling place 1-2 days；
4) fruit ear of rice-pudding leaf reed is carried out into " threshing ", sieving by small farm threshing machine, obtains rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and grain husk
Really；
5) according to areal calculation coconut palm chaff consumption (the coconut palm chaff dry weight 1000g/m for intending implementing side slope2), coconut palm chaff brick is put into and is equipped with
It is allowed fully to absorb water within 2 hours in the big Plastic Drum of normal-temperature water；
6) coconut palm chaff is leached from water and is put on big empty Plastic Drum or plastic sheeting, according to the area meter for intending implementing side slope
Calculate rice-pudding leaf reed seed consumption (6g/m2), rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis are mixed with the coconut palm chaff of abundant water suction, place indoors or cloudy
Cool place 24 hours；
7) coconut palm chaff and Cajanus cajan seeds (10g/m of rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis will be mixed with2), phosphate fertilizer (100g/m2), adhesive
(cellulose 12g/m2), water mixing and stirring be made material of sowing grass seeds by duster；
8) material is sowed grass seeds by duster onto target bare slope with hydraulic sprinkle machine, covers non-woven fabrics, carried out according to climatic condition
Appropriate maintenance；
9) germination of rice-pudding leaf reed caryopsis 7-10 days, Cajanus cajan seeds germination in 10-15 days, etc. after rice-pudding leaf reed height of seedling 20-30cm by nothing
Spin cloth to take off, until bare side sloping covers with rice-pudding leaf reed, pigeonpea plant, complete greening side slope.
By the growth of 1 year, side slope was full of green by rice-pudding leaf reed, pigeonpea vegetal cover.
Embodiment 2：The soil property bare side sloping greening of certain holiday resort
1) (1) cleaning bare slope, will be domatic on loosening stone, stub etc. remove it is clean.(2) square is excavated on domatic
Shape ditch, rectangle furrow width × depth is 10-15cm × 6-8cm, ditch spacing about 30cm.(3) lapping, faces up netted, close to domatic
Pushed up to toe by slope and spread out three dimensional network, the top of net about extends 50cm and is embedded in the top row ditch of slope in soil.Adjacent two reel wires phase
Mutually overlap, lap width 10-20cm, the U-shaped nail being then made of galvanized wire (string diameter 6mm) (20cm long) is fixed net,
And by upper and lower trench backfill, compacting, net should not be drawn too tight during lapping.(4) earthing, the earthing on three dimensional network, is added with red soil
Plus decomposed manure, peat soil or mud, fertilizer mixing, it is layered, repeatedly bankets, and fully water drenching natural subsidence, thickness of earth covering
3-5cm。
2) fruit ear of the ripe rice-pudding leaf reed of 5 last ten-days period to early June collection；
3) fruit ear of collection is positioned over ventilating and cooling place 1-2 days；
4) fruit ear of rice-pudding leaf reed is carried out into " threshing ", sieving by small farm threshing machine, obtains rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and grain husk
Really；
5) according to areal calculation coconut palm chaff consumption (the coconut palm chaff dry weight 600g/m for intending implementing side slope2), coconut palm chaff brick is put into and is equipped with
It is allowed fully to absorb water within 2 hours in the big Plastic Drum of normal-temperature water；
6) coconut palm chaff is leached from water and is put on big empty Plastic Drum or plastic sheeting, according to the area meter for intending implementing side slope
Calculate rice-pudding leaf reed seed consumption (6g/m2), rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis are mixed with the coconut palm chaff of abundant water suction, place indoors or cloudy
Cool place 24 hours；
7) coconut palm chaff and Cajanus cajan seeds (10g/m of rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis will be mixed with2), phosphate fertilizer (100g/m2), adhesive
(cellulose 10g/m2), water mixing and stirring be made material of sowing grass seeds by duster；
8) material is sowed grass seeds by duster onto target side slope with hydraulic sprinkle machine, covers non-woven fabrics, carried out suitably according to climatic condition
Maintenance；
9) germination of rice-pudding leaf reed caryopsis 7-10 days, Cajanus cajan seeds germination in 10-15 days, etc. after rice-pudding leaf reed height of seedling 10-15cm by nothing
Spin cloth to take off, until bare side sloping covers with rice-pudding leaf reed, pigeonpea plant, complete greening side slope.
By the growth of 1 year, side slope was full of green by rice-pudding leaf reed, pigeonpea vegetal cover.
Coconut palm chaff in above-described embodiment is cocoanut husk fiber dust, is had：(1) good water-retaining property：Can fully protect
Water holding point and nutrient, reduce the loss of moisture and nutrient, be conducive to root system of plant absorbed well in growth course nutrient and
Moisture, is conducive to the growth of plant；(2) with good gas permeability, prevent the root system of plant from rotting, promote root system of plant life
It is long；(3) natural decomposition is slow, is conducive to extension to sow grass seeds by duster matrix water conservation, fertilizer conservation time；(3) rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis are easily adsorbed
In coconut palm chaff, rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis is conducive to be evenly distributed in side slope.
The phosphate fertilizer used in embodiment has the effect for promoting vegetable seeds to take root.
The non-woven fabrics used in embodiment is that a kind of polypropylene (PP materials) pellet is raw material, through high-temperature fusion, spinneret, paving
Guiding principle, hot pressing the step such as are batched and are produced.It is environment-friendly materials of new generation, has：(1) elastic force is good, (2) air permeable waterproof, flexible, no
It is combustion-supporting, (3) insulation, moisturizing, the advantages of (4) are environmentally friendly, nonpoisonous and tasteless, and cheap.In outdoor environment about through 90 days by nature
Decompose, it is nontoxic during burning, tasteless and leave material without any, it is free from environmental pollution, it is a kind of commercially available prod.
Rice-pudding leaf reed (Thysanolaena latifolia) of the present invention, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) growth
Speed, rice-pudding leaf reed is broadcast and starts within latter 7-10 days germination, can substantially cover within about 90 days side slope, pigeonpea grow 1 year after height of tree 1-3m,
Ground diameter 2-4cm, hat width 120-200cm, greening success rate are high, are easy to operation, it is easy to which popularization and application, afforestation effect is excellent, can be fast
Speed reaches the ecology and landscape effect of greening, can not only absorb the noise in environment, moreover it is possible to the dust that absorption is flown upward, and be not required to
Particularly to conserve, therefore, can be widely applied to the greening of highway soil property, rock slope, it can also be used to abandoned quarry,
Mine it is multiple green, with extraordinary application prospect.
Claims (4)
1. the method that a kind of utilization herbaceous plant of one's native land afforests bare slope, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, cleaning bare slope, net is fixed on domatic, and then spray attachment plants raw base material or earthing as Artificial Soil on domatic
Earth；
B, when late May to early June rice-pudding leaf reed fruit ear is ripe the ripe rice-pudding leaf reed of collection fruit ear, by the fruit ear of rice-pudding leaf reed
Threshing, sieving, obtains rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis；
C, coconut palm chaff is put into water, infiltrated, allow it to fully absorb moisture, then pull coconut palm chaff out, by coconut palm chaff and rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and
Caryopsis is well mixed, and placement allows rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis to absorb moisture；
D, rice-pudding leaf reed small ear will be mixed with and coconut palm chaff and Cajanus cajan seeds, fertilizer, adhesive and the water mixing and stirring of caryopsis are made
Sow grass seeds by duster material, sowed grass seeds by duster onto domatic artificial soil with spray seeder, cover non-woven fabrics, conserved, until bare side sloping is covered with
Rice-pudding leaf reed and pigeonpea plant.
2. the method that utilization according to claim 1 herbaceous plant of one's native land afforests bare slope, it is characterised in that described
Net is galvanized wire mesh.
3. the method that utilization according to claim 1 herbaceous plant of one's native land afforests bare slope, it is characterised in that described
The application rate of rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis is 6g/m2, the application rate of Cajanus cajan seeds is 10g/m2。
4. the method that utilization according to claim 1 herbaceous plant of one's native land afforests bare slope, it is characterised in that described
It is to place 24 hours in the cool that the placement of step c allows rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis to absorb moisture, allows rice-pudding leaf reed small ear and caryopsis
Absorb moisture.
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| CN201410740638.9A CN104737738B (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2014-12-04 | Method of greening bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants |
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| CN201410740638.9A CN104737738B (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2014-12-04 | Method of greening bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants |
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| CN104737738B true CN104737738B (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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| CN104988934A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-10-21 | 甘肃省交通科学研究院有限公司 | Highway loess side slope plant fiber protecting technology |
| CN106576474A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 广西路桥工程集团有限公司 | Efficient ecological restoration method for slope in South China |
| CN113785675A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-12-14 | 海南大学 | Method for changing sandy sloping field into paddy field |
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| CN1257664C (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-05-31 | 邓高鸣 | Method for planting mixed watering glass for protecting side slope of highroad |
| CN100348086C (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-11-14 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Evergreen vegetation planting method on slope of highway side in southern areas |
| CN102199921B (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2013-02-27 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for greening semi-weathered rocky side slope by using indigenous plants |
| CN102057825A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for afforesting completely-weathered aleurolite side slope by utilizing native plants |
| CN103535129B (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of greening method of limestone slope |
| CN104160860A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-11-26 | 深圳市和景园林绿化有限公司 | Method for greening side slopes with greening brick cages |
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