CN111328642A - Full-ecological slope spray seeding structure and construction method - Google Patents
Full-ecological slope spray seeding structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111328642A CN111328642A CN202010145486.3A CN202010145486A CN111328642A CN 111328642 A CN111328642 A CN 111328642A CN 202010145486 A CN202010145486 A CN 202010145486A CN 111328642 A CN111328642 A CN 111328642A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
Abstract
The invention relates to a spray-seeding structure for a full-ecological slope surface and a construction method, wherein the slope surface is cleaned firstly, and slope surface soil covering is carried out; paving coconut silk nets on the slope surface and fixing the coconut silk nets on the slope surface by adopting wood nails or bamboo nails; mixing the matrix and spraying the mixed matrix on the slope covered with the coconut silk screen by adopting the foreign soil; covering the sprayed substrate with straw mat; and laying an irrigation system. The invention uses coconut wire net or hemp rope net to replace the slope galvanized wire net; the wood nails or the bamboo nails are used for replacing the net fixing steel bar anchor rods, the whole construction process is green and environment-friendly, the slope surface has no chemical and metal material residues, and the slope surface is full-ecological. The microbial fertilizer is used for replacing the traditional fertilizer, and is matched with the organic fertilizer to provide more nutrition for the microorganisms and enhance the activity of the microorganisms. The straw mat is used for replacing non-woven fabrics, the straw mat plays a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation in the initial stage, and is decomposed into organic matters in the later stage, so that the straw mat is ecological and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss treatment, in particular to a spray seeding structure for a full-ecological slope surface and a construction method.
Background
At present, the ecological protection of the roadbed side slope in China mainly comprises the types of artificial planting, foreign soil spray seeding, plant growing bag planting of grass and shrubs, spray mixing of plant growing and the like. The spraying technique for planting foreign soil is to mix the soil, seeds and matrix in proportion, mechanically stir them evenly and spray them on the slope, after the seeds germinate and grow into vegetation, the function of slope protection is achieved.
The construction process of the existing foreign soil spray seeding technology comprises the following steps: (1) construction preparation; (2) slope cleaning and soil covering; (3) fixing the hanging net and the anchor rod; (4) mixing and stirring base materials; (5) spraying foreign soil; (6) covering non-woven fabrics; (7) and (5) maintenance management. The hanging net mostly uses galvanized wire netting, the anchor rod is a steel bar, and rust prevention treatment is carried out. The base material mainly comprises soil, water-retaining agent, adhesive and chemical fertilizer.
The construction of the foreign soil spray-seeding technology is simple, the cost is low, and the method can be matched with a masonry framework. However, the technology has shortcomings in practical application. At present, the foreign soil spray-seeding technology uses galvanized wire netting, reinforcing steel bars, chemical fertilizers, non-woven fabrics and other materials in the construction process, and the use of the materials can cause certain negative effects on the environment and does not meet the requirements of environmental protection.
Galvanized wire netting and steel bars: the metal material has pollution to the environment in the production process. The arrangement of a large number of steel bar anchor rods in the side slope soil body is not in accordance with the concept of environmental protection and energy conservation.
Fertilizer: the fertilizer can generate harmful gas in the production and manufacturing process, and cause harm to people, animals and plants. From the exploitation of the raw materials of the fertilizer to the processing production, the fertilizer is always brought with some heavy metal elements or toxic substances, so that the heavy metal elements in the soil are enriched. The fertilizer may also cause nutrition enrichment in water, pollution of underground water and the like in the using process.
Non-woven fabrics: the raw material of the non-woven fabric is polypropylene, and pollution to the environment exists in the production process. Although nonwovens are more susceptible to degradation than plastics, there is still some contamination after disposal.
The roadbed slope ecological protection is an important component for national green channel construction and is in a rapid development stage in China. The field needs to provide a full-ecological environment-friendly construction method to realize comprehensive ecological treatment of the slope.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of environmental pollution of the existing foreign soil spray-seeding method, the invention provides a full-ecological slope spray-seeding structure and a construction method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a construction method for spray seeding of a full-ecological slope surface, which comprises the following steps:
clearing the slope;
covering soil on the slope;
paving coconut silk nets on the slope surface and fixing the coconut silk nets on the slope surface by wood nails or bamboo nails;
mixing the matrixes;
spraying matrix and plant seeds, and covering the straw mat;
and laying an irrigation system.
Further, the matrix comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, composite agglomerated grains, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer;
20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer2And 10-80g/m of composite agglomerated agent2。
Further, the plant seeds are 5-50g/m2Any one or more of the following is used:
combining cool season grass and warm season grass; a combination of leguminous and non-leguminous; deciduous and evergreen plants are combined; vegetation, shrubs and flowers; the exotic species is combined with the indigenous species.
Further, slope soil covering includes: covering with 15-20cm thick planting soil, and raking.
Further, slope laying coconut palm silk screen includes: tensioning a coconut wire mesh, wherein the coconut wire mesh is tightly attached to the slope surface, and the lap joint length between the meshes is not less than 10 cm; after the top of the slope is fixed, the coconut wire net is laid from top to bottom.
Furthermore, the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is in a sheet shape, the front end of the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is a tip end, and the rear section of the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is provided with a limit end protruding in the lateral direction.
Furthermore, the thickness of the foreign soil spray-seeding is 2 cm.
Furthermore, the straw mat is formed by arranging straw straws, the thickness is less than 1cm, the width is 1m, and the gaps among the straws are 0.5-1 cm; during construction, the straw mats are vertically laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, and are not lapped with each other; the grass mat is fixed by bamboo nails or wooden nails.
The invention provides a spray seeding structure for a full-ecological slope surface on the other hand, which comprises a coconut wire mesh, wooden nails or bamboo nails, a matrix and a straw mat;
the coconut silk screen covers the slope surface which is cleaned and flatly covered, and is fixed through wooden nails or bamboo nails;
the mixed substrate and plant seeds are sprayed on the slope covering the coconut silk net by using soil dressing, and the substrateThe soil comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, compound granular agent, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer; 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer2And 10-80g/m of composite agglomerated agent2。
The straw mat is covered outside the substrate.
Further, the thickness of the foreign soil spray seeding of the substrate is 2 cm; the straw mat is formed by arranging straw straws, the thickness of the straw mat is less than 1cm, the width of the straw mat is 1m, and the gap between the straws is 0.5-1 cm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the invention uses coconut wire net or hemp rope net to replace the slope galvanized wire net; the wood nails or the bamboo nails are used for replacing the net fixing steel bar anchor rods, the whole construction process is green and environment-friendly, the slope surface has no chemical and metal material residues, and the slope surface is full-ecological.
(2) The microbial fertilizer is used for replacing the traditional fertilizer, and is matched with the organic fertilizer to provide more nutrition for the microorganisms to enhance the activity of the microorganisms, so that the growth effect of the civil engineering is ensured, and the stable fixation of the matrix is further ensured.
(3) The invention uses the straw mat to prevent rainwater from washing the slope surface without using non-woven fabrics; the straw mat plays a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation in the initial stage, and is decomposed into organic matters in the later stage, so that the straw mat is ecological and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a full ecological alien soil spray-seeding greening structure;
FIG. 3(a) is a front view of an embodiment of a bamboo nail, and FIG. 3(b) is a left side view of an embodiment of a bamboo nail;
FIG. 4 is a front view of another embodiment of a bamboo nail;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a bamboo nail arrangement;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an irrigation pipe arrangement.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The slope ecological protection adopts a full ecological slope spray-seeding construction method, and the construction main steps are as follows by combining the figure 1:
s1, clearing slope
And (4) preparation for construction, and preparation for constructors, mechanical equipment, foreign soil spray-seeding materials and the like. After the preparation is ready, slope stone slag, stones and the like are removed. If the protrusions are present, a flattening process is performed.
S2, covering soil on the slope
Covering planting soil with the thickness of 15-20cm according to the slope condition, and is suitable for the growth of the vegetation, and raking the vegetation.
S3, paving coconut silk net on the slope and fixing the coconut silk net by wood nails or bamboo nails
The slope is hung with the net and fixed by wood nails or bamboo nails, so as to fix the substrate. The slope surface hanging net material adopts hemp or coconut fiber and other natural ecological materials, the hanging net uses wood nails or bamboo nails, and the whole slope surface is arranged as shown in figure 2.
(1) Coconut silk screen
The coconut net is a net structure made of 100% coconut fiber. The coconut fiber contains 0.25% of hemicellulase, 45% of lignin, 43% of cellulose and 4% of colloid, and has low elongation and high tensile strength, and the single-line tensile strength is more than or equal to 220 KN.
In one embodiment, the coconut wire mesh is 2m wide and 5cm × 5cm grid.
Coconut wire net characteristics:
① has high tensile strength, and can be used for irregular slope pavement to reduce the trimming workload of slope.
② environmental protection, after 3-5 years, the coconut fiber net is naturally degraded into organic soil, which is very environmental protection, and no manual treatment is needed, thus saving manpower.
③ moisture retention, coconut fiber net can absorb a part of water, and has remarkable effects in reducing water evaporation of slope soil and increasing infiltration amount.
The coconut fiber net should be tensioned when laying, the net is tightly attached to the slope surface, and the lap length between the nets is not less than 10 cm. The net extends 50cm outwards at the top of the slope, and after the top of the slope is fixed, the net is hung from top to bottom.
(2) Bamboo or wooden nail
The bamboo nail or the wooden nail is in a sheet shape, the front end is a tip end, and the rear section is provided with a limit end protruding laterally, so that the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is prevented from sliding. The length is 25-40cm, and the width is 3 cm. Is made of bamboo or wood. The bamboo nails or wooden nails have good fixing effect on the coconut wire net in the initial use stage, and after the vegetation grows, soil is fixed, so that the bamboo nails or wooden nails are not needed to be fixed, the bamboo nails or wooden nails are naturally degraded into organic soil, the environment is not polluted, the follow-up manual treatment is not needed, and the labor is saved.
In one embodiment, see fig. 3, the bamboo or wood nails are in the form of a sheet, and both sides of the front end are removed to form the tip of an isosceles triangle, reducing the insertion resistance. The length of the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is 25cm, the width is 3cm, a barb type bulge is arranged on one surface of the tail section, the length of the bulge along the direction of the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is 1cm, and the distance from the tail end of the bulge to the surface of the nail body is 2 cm.
In yet another embodiment, see FIG. 4, the bamboo or wood spikes are 25cm in length and 3cm in width. The front end of the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is processed into a triangle, and the tip can be formed by removing one side. And removing the tail section corresponding to one side and protruding outwards to form a barb. The length of barb is 1cm for spacing, avoids bamboo nail or wooden nail to slide.
The arrangement of the bamboo or wood studs is shown in fig. 5. in one embodiment, the bamboo or wood studs are uniformly distributed in a matrix form with a spacing of 50cm × 50 cm.
S4, mixing the substrate
The matrix material comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, compound granulating agent, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer. 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer2And compoundingThe agglomerate agent is 10-80g/m2. The matrix is stirred evenly. Microbial fertilizer is used, and organic fertilizer is used in a matching manner; wood fiber is used to increase the bulkiness and water retention of the matrix.
(1) Organic fertilizer
Adopts crop straw organic fertilizer.
(2) Microbial fertilizer
The microbial fertilizer utilizes the life activities of microorganisms to enable plants to obtain required nutrients, can accelerate the decomposition of organic matters, activate soil and improve the utilization rate of the nutrients. The microbial fertilizer can select single strain or a mixture of multiple strains, and the strain has the characteristics of rapid propagation, strong vitality and the like.
The microbial fertilizer plays a role in the pH range of 5.5-12. The effective viable count of the microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g. The microbial fertilizer is mixed with other substrates for use, and the dosage of the soil is 10g/m2The fertilizer can provide more nutrition for microorganisms to enhance the activity of the microorganisms when being matched with organic fertilizer.
Examples of the microbial fertilizer include Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and photosynthetic bacteria.
(3) Wood fiber
The wood fiber is wood in natural color, is prepared by high-temperature and high-pressure grinding, has the length of 3-10 mm, is used as a framework of matrix soil, enables the matrix layer to be a porous and stable soil structure, has the characteristics of rain and wind erosion resistance, firmness and air permeability, and is decomposed into organic matters for soil utilization in the later period.
(4) Plant seeds
Plant seeds suitable for survival can be selected according to soil types and climate types, and the plant seeds are selected to be 5-100g/m2。
In one example, the plant seed formulation is shown in table 1
TABLE 1 plant seed ratio
The plant seeds are prepared in any one or more of the following modes:
combining cool season grass and warm season grass; a combination of leguminous and non-leguminous; deciduous and evergreen plants are combined; vegetation, shrubs and flowers; combining exotic species with indigenous species; ensuring the diversity of plants.
When leguminous plants and non-leguminous plants are combined, rhizobia is adopted, and the rhizobia and roots of leguminous plants are symbiotic to form nodules and can fix nitrogen.
The soil-fixing and drought-resisting capacities of the herbs and the shrubs are different, the root depths are different, and the herbs and the shrubs are combined; the combination of the plants, the shrubs and the flowers realizes three-dimensional multi-level greening and colorful greening.
Deciduous and evergreen plants combine to make the plants less than withered yellow in winter.
S5 foreign soil spray seeding
Selecting a foreign soil spray-seeding machine, adjusting parameters such as pumping pressure of the spray-seeding machine, and the like, spraying the uniformly mixed substrate to the surface of the slope coconut net, and performing spray-seeding from top to bottom, wherein the thickness of the spray-seeding substrate layer is 2 cm.
Adding water into a storage tank of a spray seeder, and then sequentially adding plant seeds and a matrix; fully mixing the matrix by using a stirrer of a spray seeder to form uniform colloidal mixed slurry; granulating the mixed solution through a spray gun mouth of a spray seeder; and spraying the granulated colloidal mixed slurry to a slope surface of a side slope from multiple angles by using a spray-seeding unit of a spray-seeding machine to form a substrate layer on the slope surface. The spray seeder is a hydraulic spray seeder or an air pressure spray seeder. The power is 23kw, the capacity is 8 cubic, the greening agent is sprayed on the slope of the roadbed to be greened, and the outlet pressure is pumped by 10 kgf.
S6 covering straw mat
The slope is covered with the straw mat after spray seeding, so that the rain is prevented from scouring the slope. The straw mat is formed by arranging a piece of straw stalk, the thickness is less than 1cm, and the width is 1 m. The straw mat should not have excessive density, and should have certain air permeability, with space between straw of 0.5-1cm, and density of 0.8kg/m2。
During construction, the straw mats are vertically laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, and the straw mats do not need to be lapped with each other, so that the influence of overlarge lapping on plant growth is avoided. For the section with larger wind power, the grass mat can be fixed by wood nails or bamboo nails.
The straw mat plays a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation in the initial stage, and is decomposed into organic matters in the later stage, so that the straw mat is ecological and environment-friendly. Compared with non-woven fabrics, the straw mat is more environment-friendly and does not need subsequent treatment.
S7 laying irrigation system
The construction site is provided with an irrigation system, water pipes are uniformly distributed according to the slope surface inclined height, the distance is about 2m, the water pipes are fixed by adopting wood piles, and the concrete figure is shown in fig. 6. The sprinkling irrigation mode is adopted, and water drops are scattered and land on the slope in a rain shape.
In one embodiment, the slope surface has an inclined height of 6 meters, a main irrigation water pipe path is arranged along the circumference of the slope surface, and branch irrigation water pipes are transversely arranged at the inclined heights of 2 meters and 4 meters respectively.
Further, maintenance management can be included, watering should be prohibited in the noon when the surface temperature is above 30 ℃ in summer and the air temperature is above 25 ℃, and watering should be performed at the best time of 9 a.m.: before 00, and after 17:00 in the afternoon (the specific condition is determined according to the weather condition), the pest control should adopt the physical control and environment-friendly pesticide control measures which are pollution-free to the environment.
Through the maintenance management in the initial stage, the effects of water and soil conservation of the slope surface are basically good, the plant community (grass irrigation type) is reflected, the mixed-sown herbaceous plants and shrub tree species grow normally, and the slope greening coverage rate is over 70 percent. The shrub variety has 2-4 plants per square, the height of the shrub is more than or equal to 10cm, and the interspecific competition is normal. The root system forms a protective layer with good tensile strength and shear strength on the slope surface, and the biological protection and water and soil conservation effects are obvious. Species are diversified, and the growth vigor is good. The method creates a plant community which has stronger soil-fixing and slope-protecting effects and better landscape effects, takes shrubs as main bodies, covers grass and ground by plants and can naturally and coordinately grow and succeed without artificial maintenance.
Further, before clearing the slope surface, slope surface reinforcement can be included, and a slope surface skeleton structure is built.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a full ecological alien soil spray-seeding structure, which is combined with fig. 1, and includes a coconut wire net, wooden nails or bamboo nails, a substrate and a straw mat.
The coconut silk screen covers on the slope surface of the cleaning flat cover and is fixed through wooden nails or bamboo nails.
The coconut net is a net structure made of 100% coconut fiber. The coconut fiber contains 0.25% of hemicellulase, 45% of lignin, 43% of cellulose and 4% of colloid, and has low elongation and high tensile strength, and the single-line tensile strength is more than or equal to 220 KN.
The cleaning and smoothing process comprises: and removing stone slag, stones and the like on the slope surface, and flattening if the protrusions exist. Covering planting soil with the thickness of 15-20cm according to the slope condition, and raking.
In one embodiment, the coconut wire mesh is 2m wide and 5cm × 5cm grid.
The coconut fiber net should be tensioned when laying, the net is tightly attached to the slope surface, and the lap length between the nets is not less than 10 cm. After the slope top is fixed, the hanging net is laid from top to bottom.
The bamboo nail or the wooden nail is in a sheet shape, the front end is a tip end, and the rear section is provided with a limit end protruding laterally, so that the bamboo nail or the wooden nail is prevented from sliding. The length is 25-40cm, and the width is 3 cm. Is made of bamboo or wood.
In one embodiment, the bamboo or wood nails are uniformly distributed in a matrix form with a spacing of 50cm × 50 cm.
Spraying and sowing the mixed ground substances on the slope covering the coconut wire mesh by using soil dressing, wherein the ground substances comprise loam, peat soil, wood fiber, compound agglomerated grain agents, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer;
20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer210-80g/m of composite agglomerated agent2. And 5-100g/m2And (5) spraying plant seeds.
The organic fertilizer is crop straw organic fertilizer.
The microbial fertilizer utilizes the life activities of microorganisms to enable plants to obtain required nutrients, can accelerate the decomposition of organic matters, activate soil and improve the utilization rate of the nutrients. The microbial fertilizer can select single strain or a mixture of multiple strains, and the strain has the characteristics of rapid propagation, strong vitality and the like. Examples of the microbial fertilizer include Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and photosynthetic bacteria.
Plant seeds suitable for survival can be selected according to soil types and climate types.
Selecting a foreign soil spray-seeding machine, adjusting parameters such as pumping pressure of the spray-seeding machine, and the like, spraying the uniformly mixed substrate to the surface of the slope coconut net, and performing spray-seeding from top to bottom, wherein the thickness of the spray-seeding substrate layer is 2 cm.
The slope is covered with the straw mat after spray seeding, so that the rain is prevented from scouring the slope. The straw mat is formed by arranging a piece of straw stalk, the thickness is less than 1cm, and the width is 1 m. The straw mat should not have excessive density, and should have certain air permeability, with space between straw of 0.5-1cm, and density of 0.8kg/m2。
Further, still include at the curb setting curb water retaining edge.
After the greening engineering is used, the matrix fixing effect is good, the plant growth effect is good, and the phenomenon of slope water and soil loss is avoided.
In summary, the invention provides a spray seeding structure for a full ecological slope surface and a construction method, firstly cleaning the slope surface and covering soil on the slope surface; paving coconut silk nets on the slope surface and fixing the coconut silk nets on the slope surface by adopting wood nails or bamboo nails; mixing the matrix and spraying the mixed matrix on the slope covered with the coconut silk screen by adopting the foreign soil; covering the sprayed substrate with straw mat; and laying an irrigation system. The construction process is green and environment-friendly, the slope surface has no chemical and metal material residues, and the slope surface is full ecological. The microbial fertilizer is used for replacing the traditional fertilizer, and is matched with the organic fertilizer to provide more nutrition for the microorganisms and enhance the activity of the microorganisms. The straw mat is used for replacing non-woven fabrics, the straw mat plays a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation in the initial stage, and is decomposed into organic matters in the later stage, so that the straw mat is ecological and environment-friendly.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (10)
1. A full ecological slope spray-seeding construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
clearing the slope;
covering soil on the slope;
paving coconut silk nets on the slope surface and fixing the coconut silk nets on the slope surface by adopting wood nails or bamboo nails;
mixing the matrix;
spraying matrix and plant seeds, and covering the straw mat;
and laying an irrigation system.
2. The spray-seeding construction method for a total ecological slope surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, compound granular agent, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer;
20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer2And 10-80g/m of composite agglomerated agent2。
3. The all-ecological slope spray-seeding construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that the plant seeds are 5-50g/m2Any one or more of the following is used:
combining cool season grass and warm season grass; a combination of leguminous and non-leguminous; deciduous and evergreen plants are combined; vegetation, shrubs and flowers; the exotic species is combined with the indigenous species.
4. The method for spray-seeding construction of a full ecological slope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the slope covering with soil comprises: covering with 15-20cm thick planting soil, and raking.
5. The all-ecological slope spray-seeding construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the slope laying coconut wire mesh comprises: tensioning a coconut wire mesh, wherein the coconut wire mesh is tightly attached to the slope surface, and the lap joint length between the meshes is not less than 10 cm; after the top of the slope is fixed, the coconut wire net is laid from top to bottom.
6. The spray-seeding construction method for a full ecological slope surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bamboo nails or wooden nails are sheet-shaped, the front end is a tip, and the rear section is provided with a laterally protruding limiting end.
7. The spray-seeding construction method for a full ecological slope surface according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickness of the foreign soil spray-seeding is 2 cm.
8. The spray-seeding construction method for a full ecological slope surface according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the straw mat is composed of straw arranged with a thickness less than 1cm, a width of 1m and a gap of 0.5-1cm between the straws; during construction, the straw mats are vertically laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, and are not lapped with each other; the grass mat is fixed by bamboo nails or wooden nails.
9. A spray seeding structure for a full ecological slope surface is characterized by comprising a coconut wire net, wooden nails or bamboo nails, a matrix and a straw mat;
the coconut silk screen covers the slope surface which is cleaned and flatly covered, and is fixed through wooden nails or bamboo nails;
the mixed substrate and plant seeds are sprayed on the slope covering the coconut wire mesh by adopting soil dressing, and the substrate comprises loam, peat soil, wood fiber, compound agglomerated particles, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer; 20-120kg/m loam22-10kg/m of peat soil22-10kg/m of wood fiber22-10kg/m of organic fertilizer210-80g/m of microbial fertilizer2And 10-80g/m of composite agglomerated agent2。
The straw mat is covered outside the substrate.
10. The ecological slope spray-seeding structure according to claim 9, wherein the thickness of the alien soil spray-seeding of the substrate is 2 cm; the straw mat is formed by arranging straw straws, the thickness of the straw mat is less than 1cm, the width of the straw mat is 1m, and the gap between the straws is 0.5-1 cm.
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| CN202010145486.3A CN111328642A (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | Full-ecological slope spray seeding structure and construction method |
| PCT/CN2021/078930 WO2021175263A1 (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2021-03-03 | Fully-ecological slope spray-seeding structure and construction method |
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| WO2021175263A1 (en) | 2021-09-10 |
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