CN107964963B

CN107964963B - Repair technology and construction method for high-steep slope wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure

Info

Publication number: CN107964963B
Application number: CN201710700520.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董世远; 张成梁; 荣立明
Original assignee: Henan Jingxiuhuiyuan Ecological Technology Co ltd; Environmental Protection Institute of Light Industry
Current assignee: Henan Jingxiuhuiyuan Ecological Technology Co ltd; Environmental Protection Institute of Light Industry
Priority date: 2017-08-16
Filing date: 2017-08-16
Publication date: 2021-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-16
Also published as: CN107964963A

Abstract

The high and steep slope wound surface fiber skeleton granular structure comprises a rocky slope wound surface, wherein a polymer granular agent matrix layer is arranged on the surface of the rocky slope wound surface, namely the rocky slope surface, the outer surface of the polymer granular agent matrix layer is covered with a seed layer, and the outer surface of the seed layer is covered with a moss layer. According to the repair technology and the construction method for the granular structure of the wound surface fiber framework of the high and steep slope, the framework is arranged on the wound surface, the seed layer is sprayed on the wound surface and the framework, the moss layer covers the outer surface of the seed layer, so that the flow velocity of water on the greening slope surface is reduced, the matrix can fully absorb moisture, the technical problem that the matrix cannot fully absorb moisture is solved, and the survival rate of vegetation is greatly improved.

Description

Repair technology and construction method for high-steep slope wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of landscaping, and particularly relates to a repair technology for a wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure of a high and steep slope and a construction method thereof.

Background

The steep slope environment such as highway subgrade, dykes and dams needs to be planted with vegetation to prevent water and soil loss. Because the soil layer on the steep slope is easy to be washed away by rainwater and lost, the green vegetation is not easy to survive. The more the vegetation is unable to survive, the more serious the water and soil loss. Therefore, landscaping workers want many methods, such as spraying slurry to build soil, covering a fixing net and sowing grass seeds, and the like, but because the adhesion force of a soil layer is poor, the slope shape and the gradient are steep, the construction method is not standard, soil layer slip or a large amount of soil loss is still easy to generate before a vegetation root system is not deeply inserted into a steep slope body, the planted vegetation cannot survive and the like, although the application of the polymer aggregate material improves the aggregation property of the soil, the loss of the substrate used as the soil is basically solved, but the rocky slope surface has fast water flow speed due to the existence of the slope shape, especially under the condition of a high steep slope, when rainwater or water is watered, the substrate containing the polymer aggregate material is lost without fully absorbing the surface running water, so that the substrate used as the soil has insufficient water, and drought is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem that the matrix of the existing polymer granular material cannot fully absorb moisture, the invention designs a granular structure repairing technology and a construction method of a high and steep slope wound surface fiber framework.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the high and steep slope wound surface fiber skeleton granular structure comprises a rocky slope wound surface, wherein a polymer granular agent matrix layer is arranged on the surface of the rocky slope wound surface, namely the rocky slope surface, the outer surface of the polymer granular agent matrix layer is covered with a seed layer, and the outer surface of the seed layer is covered with a moss layer.

The moss layer is of a fibrous skeleton granular structure on the surface of a wound of the high and steep slope and is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of a matrix nutrition layer, 10-20 parts of moss powder and 10-20 parts of high-molecular granulating agent; the moss powder is prepared by drying the surface material of the moss wetland.

According to the wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure of the high and steep slope, the moss layer uniformly covers 50-100% of the area of the outer surface of the seed layer. Even coverage means that the scatter points of the spray seeding are relatively even.

According to the wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure of the high and steep slope, 10-30 parts of crushed plastic film or plastic fiber with the area of 5-20 square millimeters is added into the moss layer.

The wound surface fiber framework aggregate structure of the high and steep slope is characterized in that the broken plastic film is in a strip shape.

The method for repairing the granular structure of the wound surface fiber skeleton of the high and steep slope and the construction method thereof comprise the following steps:

(1) leveling the slope surface and removing pumice;

(2) installing an anchor rod;

(3) suspending a silk screen and laying a base material attaching platform;

(4) filling reinforcement and laying a fiber framework layer;

(5) base material configuration and culture of a base material nutrition layer material;

(6) spraying a substrate layer and a seed layer by using graded pressurizing and multistage pressurizing equipment;

(7) spraying moss layer;

(8) an infiltrating irrigation comprehensive maintenance system.

The construction method comprises the following steps:

(1) leveling a slope surface, removing pumice, wherein the leveling of the slope surface is to follow the principle of being carried out from top to bottom in a segmented and partitioned manner, crushing and cleaning loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, carrying out proper squaring treatment on a local abnormally steep area, excavating a strongly weathered layer in a manual or mechanical prying manner, cleaning all barriers hindering construction such as garbage, weeds, tree roots and waste residues on a wound surface part, leveling and smoothing the wound surface part as much as possible to avoid large protrusions and depressions, adopting a comprehensive landscape treatment scheme on a large boulder, combining a later-stage whole wound surface greening plant structure, enabling the boulder to form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with slope vegetation as much as possible, timely transferring and reasonably treating cleaned sundries and wastes to avoid secondary pollution;

(2) installing anchor rods, and aiming at different slope geological structures and combining with local climate and hydrological characteristics, adopting a traditional slope protection mode to reinforce the slope, such as anchor rod anchor cable slope protection, grid frame strip slope protection, active protective net, passive protective net, flexible protective net slope protection and other common slope protection treatment methods, protecting the traditional slope except cement-sprayed concrete slope protection, keeping the slope stable and firm, and creating good precondition for subsequent spray-seeding greening construction to avoid secondary disasters;

(3) hanging a silk screen, laying a substrate attachment platform, building a bottom substrate attachment platform by adopting galvanized crocheted wire netting, selecting wire netting with different models aiming at different wound surfaces, and reinforcing by matching with a U-shaped clamp or an anchor rod firmware; when laying, the wire netting should be laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, tensioned to the slope bottom, then anchored by an anchor rod, and laid for the next width; the lapping width of the two net edges is not less than one mesh, the two net edges are fastened by iron wires, and a gap is reserved between the two nets and is also fastened firmly by the iron wires; when the main anchor rod is used for fixing the wire netting on the slope top, the wire netting is fixed in the middle of the anchor rod and then is driven into the anchor rod; partial planting soil or plant fibers are artificially filled before the local sunken deeper slope is lapped, so that the slope is integrally smooth; the abnormal steep slope adopts double-layer wire netting to increase the strength and the adhesive force of a bottom platform, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent base material spray seeding operation; the base material wire mesh platform is built to form full coverage on the whole slope surface, so that the whole wire mesh forms a uniform stress surface, local concentrated load can be made to the surrounding uniform material when the slope surface rock collapses and falls off, impact force is transmitted uniformly to fully exert the protection capability of the whole system, namely local load bearing and integral action, so that the system can bear larger load and reduce the anchoring force requirement of a single anchor rod, and the integral protection effect on the slope surface is achieved; after the laying of the wire netting is finished, cross beams can be bound on the slope at intervals aiming at local extremely steep parts, and the cross beams are additionally arranged according to the standard of combining the specification of the cross beams with the actual condition of the slope so as to be beneficial to adhering a spray-seeding substrate; the cross timber is firmly combined with the slope surface, and the cross timber is combined and reinforced by adopting various modes such as U-shaped clamps, steel nails, deformed steel bars, expansion bolts and the like according to different conditions;

(4) filling reinforcement and paving a fiber framework layer, adopting natural plant fibers with the length of about 20-60cm, selecting different fiber materials such as straws of various crops such as rice straws, wheat straws, corn straws and the like as raw materials according to different areas where construction is performed, arranging the raw materials into bundles with the diameter of 3-5 cm, transversely inserting the plant fibers into the meshes of the wire netting from top to bottom at the intervals of 5-20cm, fixing the intervals according to the steep formation degree of a slope, ensuring that the common steep slope is dense, the slow slope is large in interval, and the inserted fiber thickness is about 3-5 cm, keeping the air permeability and the bulkiness of the inserted fiber materials, and properly increasing the thickness of the partially sunken slope; the two groups of transverse fiber material combining parts are bound and connected by iron wires or hemp ropes, so that the toughness of the transverse fiber framework part is improved, and each transverse fiber framework is integrated and firmly connected with the iron wire net of the bottom layer attaching platform; after the transverse fiber frameworks are laid, the longitudinal parts of the transverse fiber frameworks are respectively made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp ropes, the transverse fiber frameworks and the wire netting are integrally bound at a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm, each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top by adopting a half-knot method, the wire netting and the transverse fiber frameworks are firmly bound on the bottom layer wire netting and the anchor, and the transverse main fiber framework, the longitudinal fiber frameworks and the bottom wire netting form an interwoven mesh structure;

(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) base material preparation and substrate nutrient layer material culture, wherein the nutrient layer is bed soil which is specially prepared for satisfying the growth and development of seedlings, contains multiple mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and does not have diseases and insect pests; the nutrient layer is generally prepared by mixing planting soil and decomposed animal manure, and is subjected to stacking fermentation through a special process; mixing the fermented nutrient material with the crushed and screened dry cow dung in a ratio of 3: 1; the pH value of the cultured nutrient medium is measured before spray seeding operation, and the pH value of the nutrient medium is pertinently adjusted by combining the pH value of the planting soil for local spray seeding, so that the spray seeding base material is more favorable for the growth of plant communities; the specific scheme of nutrient layer stacking fermentation is as follows:

1. and (4) proportioning the materials. 1.5 tons of dry cow dung (about 2.5 tons of fresh dung) is added with 1 kilogram of organic fertilizer leavening agent, 40 percent of crushed peanut shells, 48 percent of corncobs, 4 to 5 percent of cottonseed cake powder, 1 percent of calcium superphosphate, 1 to 2 percent of plant ash, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of urea and 2 to 3 percent of lime are mixed according to the material proportion (or substitutes such as sawdust, rice husks and the like) of cow dung and mixed material 1: 3, uniformly mixing;

2. and (5) stacking the materials. Too small and too short to be made during stacking can affect fermentation, and the stacking fermentation is performed at the height of 1.5-2 meters, the width of 2 meters and the length of more than 2-4 meters;

3. temperature requirements. The starting temperature is above 15 ℃;

4. and (5) water content requirement. The water content of the fermented material is controlled to be about 65%;

5. turning and ventilating. During the fermentation process, proper oxygen supply and pile turning (turning over for several times when the temperature is increased to 75 ℃ or above) are required, the temperature is controlled to be about 65 ℃, and nutrients are influenced by too high temperature;

6. and (5) finishing fermentation. The fermentation can be completed within 15 days generally, the material is black brown, and the temperature begins to be reduced to the normal temperature, which indicates that the fermentation is completed. If the auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips and rice hulls are too much, the fermentation time is prolonged until the materials are thoroughly decomposed;

7. after fermentation, airing and packaging to slow down fertilizer efficiency loss;

(6) the method comprises the steps of carrying out step pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment for spraying and seeding a matrix layer and a seed layer, utilizing a high-lift spraying and seeding machine and a booster pump to realize the effective combination of full mixing and conveying distance of materials, carrying out multi-stage pressurization matched with hanging basket operation, spraying and seeding a matrix nutrition layer with the thickness of 6-8cm on a slope fiber framework layer, wherein the ratio is 49% of planting soil, 50% of special nutrition material, 0.5% of soil conditioner and 0.5% of water-retaining agent, spraying the proportioned matrix material on the framework layer for 2-3 times through special spraying and seeding equipment, and spraying and seeding the seed layer mixed with comprehensive grass seeds with the thickness of 1-1.5cm after the thickness of the matrix layer meets the requirement, thereby completing the spraying and seeding operation of the matrix;

(7) spraying a fiber protective layer, adopting a moss layer after spraying the seed layer, and spraying the moss layer on the seed layer, wherein the moss layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of a matrix nutrition layer, 10-20 parts of moss powder and 10-20 parts of high-molecular granulating agent; the moss powder is prepared by drying the surface material of the moss wetland and mixing the moss powder into slurry for spray seeding. The moss layer uniformly covers 50 to 100 percent of the area of the outer surface of the seed layer. Even coverage means that the scatter points of the spray seeding are relatively even. 10-30 parts of crushed plastic film or plastic fiber with the area of 5-20 square millimeters is added into the moss layer, and after the plastic film and the plastic fiber on the surface layer are exposed, direct sunlight passes through the plastic film to change into diffused light, so that the moss is favorably grown. The whole substrate layer is further protected in places with strong illumination; covering and protecting the whole construction working face by using special non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets;

(8) filtration irrigation comprehensive maintenance system includes: rainwater collection system, filtration system, conveyer pipe, bayonet filtration irrigation head. And paving infiltrating irrigation pipelines with different densities according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the skeleton is arranged on the wound surface, the seed layer is sprayed on the wound surface and the skeleton, the moss layer covers the outer surface of the seed layer, and moss grows out to block water flow, so that the water flow of the greening slope surface is slowed down, and the substrate nutrition layer can fully absorb moisture; the moss layer comprises, by weight, 60-80 parts of a substrate nutrition layer, 10-20 parts of moss powder and 10-20 parts of polymer granulating agent; the moss powder is prepared by drying the surface material of the moss wetland, and the components and the proportion can promote the growth of moss. The moss layer uniformly covers 50 to 100 percent of the area of the outer surface of the seed layer. Even coverage means that the scatter points of the spray seeding are relatively even. The dotted fluctuation can slow down the water flow, 10-30 parts of crushed plastic films or plastic fibers with the area of 5-20 square millimeters are added into the moss layer, so that after the plastic films and the plastic fibers on the surface layer are exposed, direct sunlight passes through the plastic films to change into diffused light, and the moss growth is facilitated. The whole substrate layer is further protected in the place with strong illumination. The broken plastic film is in a strip shape, and is beneficial to shielding sunlight. So that the whole facilitates the absorption of moisture.

Detailed Description

The following is a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention:

(1) leveling the slope surface and removing pumice;

(2) installing an anchor rod;

(3) suspending a silk screen and laying a base material attaching platform;

(4) filling reinforcement and laying a fiber framework layer;

(7) spraying moss layer;

(8) an infiltrating irrigation comprehensive maintenance system.

The construction method comprises the following steps:

(1) leveling a slope surface, removing pumice, wherein the leveling slope surface is subject to the principle of going from top to bottom and sectional zoning, the loosened rock and dangerous rock bodies are crushed and cleaned, a local abnormal steep area is properly chamfered, a strong weathering layer is excavated by adopting a manual or mechanical prying mode, and all barriers hindering construction, such as garbage, weeds, tree roots, waste residues and the like, of a wound surface part are cleaned, the wound surface part is leveled and smooth as much as possible to avoid large protrusions and depressions, a comprehensive landscape treatment scheme is adopted for large boulders, and a later-stage whole wound surface greening plant structure is combined, so that the boulder can form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with slope vegetation as much as possible, the cleaned sundries and wastes are timely transported and treated in a harmonious manner, and secondary pollution is avoided.

(2) The anchor rod is installed, combines local weather hydrology characteristics to different domatic geological structure, adopts traditional bank protection mode to consolidate domatic, if several kinds of bank protection processing methods that anchor rod anchor rope bank protection, latticed frame strip bank protection, initiative protection network, passive protection network, flexible protection network bank protection were used always, protects traditional domatic except that cement spouts concrete bank protection, keeps domatic stable firm, avoids the production of secondary disaster for following spray seeding afforestation construction creates good prerequisite.

(3) Hanging a silk screen, laying a substrate attachment platform, building a bottom substrate attachment platform by adopting galvanized crocheted wire netting, selecting wire netting with different models aiming at different wound surfaces, and reinforcing by matching with a U-shaped clamp or an anchor rod firmware; when laying, the wire netting should be laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, tensioned to the slope bottom, then anchored by an anchor rod, and laid for the next width; the lapping width of the two net edges is not less than one mesh, the two net edges are fastened by iron wires, and a gap is reserved between the two nets and is also fastened firmly by the iron wires; when the main anchor rod is used for fixing the wire netting on the slope top, the wire netting is fixed in the middle of the anchor rod and then is driven into the anchor rod; partial planting soil or plant fibers are artificially filled before the local sunken deeper slope is lapped, so that the slope is integrally smooth; the abnormal steep slope adopts double-layer wire netting to increase the strength and the adhesive force of a bottom platform, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent base material spray seeding operation; the base material wire mesh platform is built to form full coverage on the whole slope surface, so that the whole wire mesh forms a uniform stress surface, local concentrated load can be made to the surrounding uniform material when the slope surface rock collapses and falls off, impact force is transmitted uniformly to fully exert the protection capability of the whole system, namely local load bearing and integral action, so that the system can bear larger load and reduce the anchoring force requirement of a single anchor rod, and the integral protection effect on the slope surface is achieved; after the laying of the wire netting is finished, cross beams can be bound on the slope at intervals aiming at local extremely steep parts, and the cross beams are additionally arranged according to the standard of combining the specification of the cross beams with the actual condition of the slope so as to be beneficial to adhering a spray-seeding substrate; the ledger will combine firmly with domatic, select for use multiple modes such as U type card, steel nail, screw-thread steel, inflation bolt to combine to consolidate the ledger to different situations.

(4) Filling reinforcement and paving a fiber framework layer, adopting natural plant fibers with the length of about 20-60cm, selecting different fiber materials such as straws of various crops such as rice straws, wheat straws, corn straws and the like as raw materials according to different areas where construction is performed, arranging the raw materials into bundles with the diameter of 3-5 cm, transversely inserting the plant fibers into the meshes of the wire netting from top to bottom at the intervals of 5-20cm, fixing the intervals according to the steep formation degree of a slope, ensuring that the common steep slope is dense, the slow slope is large in interval, and the inserted fiber thickness is about 3-5 cm, keeping the air permeability and the bulkiness of the inserted fiber materials, and properly increasing the thickness of the partially sunken slope; the two groups of transverse fiber material combining parts are bound and connected by iron wires or hemp ropes, so that the toughness of the transverse fiber framework part is improved, and each transverse fiber framework is integrated and firmly connected with the iron wire net of the bottom layer attaching platform; after the transverse fiber frameworks are laid, the longitudinal parts of the transverse fiber frameworks are made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp ropes, the transverse fiber frameworks and the wire netting are integrally bound at a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm, each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top by adopting a half-knot method, and the wire netting and the transverse fiber frameworks are firmly bound on the bottom layer wire netting and the anchor, so that the transverse main fiber framework, the longitudinal fiber frameworks and the bottom wire netting form an interwoven mesh structure.

1. and (4) proportioning the materials. 1.5 tons of dry cow dung (about 2.5 tons of fresh dung) is added with 1 kilogram of organic fertilizer leavening agent, 40 percent of crushed peanut shells, 48 percent of corncobs, 4 to 5 percent of cottonseed cake powder, 1 percent of calcium superphosphate, 1 to 2 percent of plant ash, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of urea and 2 to 3 percent of lime are mixed according to the material proportion (or substitutes such as sawdust, rice husks and the like) of cow dung and mixed material 1: 3, mixing uniformly.

2. And (5) stacking the materials. Too small and too short to be made during stacking can affect fermentation, and the stacking fermentation is performed at the height of 1.5-2 meters, the width of 2 meters and the length of more than 2-4 meters.

3. Temperature requirements. The start-up temperature should be above 15 ℃.

4. And (5) water content requirement. The water content of the fermented material should be controlled at about 65%.

5. Turning and ventilating. During the fermentation process, proper oxygen supply and pile turning (turning over for several times when the temperature is increased to 75 ℃ or above) are required, the temperature is controlled to be about 65 ℃, and nutrients are influenced by too high temperature.

6. And (5) finishing fermentation. The fermentation can be completed within 15 days generally, the material is black brown, and the temperature begins to be reduced to the normal temperature, which indicates that the fermentation is completed. If the auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips and rice hulls are too much, the fermentation time should be prolonged until the materials are thoroughly decomposed.

7. After fermentation, airing treatment and packaging in a sealed bag to slow down fertilizer efficiency loss.

(6) The method comprises the steps of carrying out spray seeding on a substrate layer and a seed layer by using a grading pressurization and multistage pressurization device, realizing the effective combination of full mixing and conveying distance of materials by using a high-lift spray seeding machine and a booster pump, carrying out spray seeding on a substrate nutrition layer with the thickness of 6-8cm on a slope fiber framework layer by matching the multistage pressurization with a hanging basket operation, wherein the ratio is 49% of planting soil, 50% of special nutrient materials, 0.5% of soil conditioner and 0.5% of water-retaining agent, spraying the proportioned substrate materials on the framework layer for 2-3 times by using special spray seeding equipment, and carrying out spray seeding on the substrate layer with the thickness of 1-1.5cm after the thickness of the substrate layer meets the requirement, thereby completing the spray seeding operation of the substrate.

The traditional spray seeding machine is limited by the machine in material conveying distance, and is difficult to spray seeding on a slope surface over 150 meters. The hydraulic conveying pump can meet the requirements on conveying distance, but the requirement cannot be met due to the fact that the conveying pump is not uniform in material mixing, and the adhesive, the soil conditioner, the fiber material and the like cannot be sufficiently stirred, and the rain-proof water scouring effect is caused. Therefore, the traditional spray seeding operation equipment is difficult to effectively spray seeding on the slope with the slope height of more than 150 meters.

The technology adopts a constant Rui mechanical special two-stage energy-saving high-lift spray seeder, and is matched with a booster pump of the constant Rui mechanical invention to realize the effective combination of full mixing and conveying distance of materials, and particularly adopts high-altitude hanging basket operation aiming at high steep slopes, thereby solving various difficulties in the traditional spray seeding operation construction such as difficult material conveying of the high steep slopes, poor rain washing prevention effect of spray seeding base materials, low construction efficiency, overhigh cost and the like, and effectively carrying out spray seeding greening operation on the high steep slopes. Through multistage pressurization cooperation hanging flower basket operation, fine solution at present domestic to surpassing 150 meters domatic effectively spray-seeding operation, this technique has broken through the limitation of traditional spray-seeding equipment, can effectively realize carrying out effective spray-seeding operation to the surface of a wound 1 within 1000 meters of domatic slope length through the combination of multistage, many force (forcing) pumps. The technology fills the technical blank in spray-seeding greening at home and abroad, and well solves the technical problem of ecological restoration of the mountain 1 of the ultra-high steep wound surface.

(8) filtration irrigation comprehensive maintenance system includes: rainwater collection system, filtration system, conveyer pipe, bayonet filtration irrigation head. And paving infiltrating irrigation pipelines with different densities according to different slopes to achieve full coverage. The inserted root infiltrating irrigation device comprises a cylindrical inserted link and an inserted link cap; the tail end of the inserted rod is provided with a conical end which is convenient to insert underground, the top surface of the inserted rod is provided with a central hole which extends to the vicinity of the conical end, and the side wall of the central hole at the lower part of the inserted rod is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes; the filter screen is correspondingly sleeved in the central hole, and the movable cover of the inserted bar cap is arranged at the top end of the inserted bar. The ground-inserting type root infiltrating irrigation device adopted by the technology has the advantages that the inserted rod can be pulled out after being inserted into the infiltrating irrigation device for use, the effects of convenient cleaning and maintenance and repeated use are achieved, the filter screen is arranged in the central hole, soil and sand can be prevented from entering the central hole through the infiltrating hole, the central hole is prevented from being blocked, and the infiltrating irrigation is ensured to be smooth and effective.

Claims

1. A fiber skeleton aggregate structure of a high and steep slope wound surface, comprising a rocky slope-shaped wound surface, installing an anchor rod on the surface of the rocky slope-shaped wound surface, hanging a wire mesh, laying a base material attachment platform, filling reinforcement, and laying a fiber skeleton layer; it is characterized in that: described high and steep slope wound surface fibrous skeleton aggregate structure, including:

A matrix nutrient layer with a thickness of 6-8 cm is sprayed and seeded on the fiber skeleton layer of the slope. The ratio of the matrix nutrient layer is 49% of planting soil, 50% of special nutrient materials, 0.5% of soil conditioner, and 0.5% of water-retaining agent; Described special nutrient material is prepared by mixing the fermented nutrient material and the dry cow dung after crushing and sieving at a ratio of 3:1;

a seed layer, covering the outer surface of the substrate nutrient layer;

a moss layer covering the outer surface of the seed layer;

For the hanging wire mesh and laying the base material attachment platform, galvanized hook wire mesh is used to build the bottom base material attachment platform, and different types of wire mesh are selected for different wounds, and are reinforced with U-shaped cards or anchor bolts; when laying, the wire mesh It should be laid from top to bottom along the slope surface, tightened to the bottom of the slope, and then fixed with anchor rods, and then the next one is laid; If there is a gap between them, iron wire should be used to fasten them firmly; when the main anchor rod is used to fix the wire mesh at the top of the slope, the wire mesh should be fixed in the middle of the anchor rod, and then driven in; before the partial depression is deep, the slope surface should be artificially filled with part of the planting soil or plants before laying the mesh. Fibers to make the slope smooth as a whole; for the abnormally steep part of the slope, the double-layer wire mesh is used to increase the strength and adhesion of the bottom platform, which is beneficial to the subsequent substrate spraying operation; the construction of the substrate wire mesh platform should form a full coverage of the entire slope, so that the entire The barbed wire forms a unified stress surface. When the rock on the slope collapses and the beauty is peeled off, the local concentrated load can evenly transmit the impact force to the surrounding, so as to give full play to the protection ability of the whole system, that is, the local load acts as a whole, so that the system can Bear a large load and reduce the anchoring force requirements of a single anchor rod, so as to play a role in the overall protection of the slope; after the laying of the wire mesh is completed, for the local particularly steep parts, order the horizontal wood at intervals on the slope, and the specifications of the horizontal wood are combined with the slope surface. In the actual situation, a cross-beam is added based on the standard of being conducive to the adhesion of the spraying base material; the cross-beam should be firmly combined with the slope surface, and the cross-beam is strengthened by means of U-shaped clips, steel nails, rebar, and expansion bolts according to different situations;

The filling and reinforcement and laying of the fiber skeleton layer are made of natural plant fibers with a length of about 20-60 cm, and different fiber materials are selected as raw materials according to different areas of construction, and are arranged into bundles with a diameter of 3-5 cm. The horizontal interval is 5-20cm, and the mesh is filled with plant fibers from top to bottom. The interval is determined according to the steepness of the slope. Generally, the steeper slopes are denser, and the gentle slopes are more spaced. The thickness of the interspersed fibers is 3cm-5cm. Left and right, and maintain the air permeability and bulkiness of the interspersed fiber materials, and the thickness of some concave slopes is appropriately increased; the bonding parts of the two groups of horizontal fiber materials are bound with iron wires or hemp ropes to increase the toughness of the horizontal fiber skeleton part, so that each horizontal fiber The skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the barbed wire attached to the bottom layer; after the horizontal fiber skeleton is laid, the vertical part is made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp rope, and the vertical interval is 80-100cm to bind the horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire together. The rope is wound and bound from the top by the half-knot method, and the wire mesh and the transverse fiber skeleton are firmly bound on the bottom wire mesh and the anchor, so that the transverse main fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the bottom wire mesh form an interwoven mesh structure.

2. high and steep slope wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described special nutrient material material proportion is as follows: 1.5 tons of dry cow dung add 1 kilogram of organic fertilizer starter, by weight Calculate, mix the pulverized peanut shells 40, corncob 48, cottonseed meal powder 4-5, superphosphate 1, plant ash 1-2, urea 0.3-0.5, lime 2-3 in material ratios, according to the ratio of cow dung and Mix the mixed materials in a ratio of 1:3; build a heap for fermentation.

3. high-steep slope wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described moss layer is composed of following components and proportioning, by weight: matrix nutrient layer 60-80, moss powder 10- 20. Polymer granules, 10-20; moss powder is moss powder prepared by drying the surface layer of moss wetlands.

4. The fiber skeleton aggregate structure of high and steep slope wound surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: 10-30 parts of crushed plastic films or plastic fibers with an area of 5-20 square millimeters are added to the moss layer.

5 . The fibrous skeleton aggregate structure of high and steep slope wound surface according to claim 4 , wherein the shredded plastic film is elongated. 6 .

6. The fibrous skeleton aggregate structure of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the moss layer evenly covers 50%-100% of the outer surface of the seed layer; The distribution of sowing points is relatively uniform.

7. A greening construction method for high and steep side slope wound surface, adopting the fiber skeleton aggregate structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the slope-shaped wound surface greening construction method comprises the following steps:

1) Level the slope and remove the pumice;

2) Install the anchor rod;

3) Hang the wire mesh and lay the substrate attachment platform;

4) Filling reinforcement and laying fiber skeleton layer;

5) Substrate configuration, substrate nutrient layer material cultivation;

6) Staged pressurization, multi-stage pressurization equipment sprays the substrate layer and seed layer;

7) Re-spray the moss layer;

8) Comprehensive maintenance system for infiltration irrigation.

8. The greening construction method for high and steep side slope wound surface according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the concrete realization step is as follows:

1) Level the slope and remove the pumice. The leveling of the slope should follow the principle of top-to-bottom, section-by-section, crushing and cleaning of loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, and appropriate cutting treatment for local abnormally steep areas. Excavate the strong weathered layer by manual or mechanical prying, and clear the obstacles that hinder the construction of the wound surface. The wound surface should be as smooth and smooth as possible to avoid large protrusions and depressions. A comprehensive landscape treatment plan is adopted for large boulders. , Combined with the overall wound greening plant structure in the later stage, as far as possible, the boulders can form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with the slope vegetation, and the cleaned debris and waste can be transported and reasonably disposed to avoid secondary pollution;

2) Install anchor rods. According to the geological structure of different slopes combined with the local climate and hydrological characteristics, the traditional slope protection method is used to reinforce the slope surface, and the traditional slope surface except the cement shotcrete slope protection is protected to keep the slope surface stable and firm. , to create good preconditions for subsequent spraying and greening construction to avoid secondary disasters;

3) Hang the wire mesh, lay the base material attachment platform, use galvanized hook wire mesh to build the bottom base material attachment platform, choose different types of wire mesh for different wounds, and reinforce with U-shaped cards or anchor bolts; when laying, the wire mesh It should be laid from top to bottom along the slope surface, tightened to the bottom of the slope, and then fixed with anchor rods, and then the next one is laid; If there is a gap between them, iron wire should be used to fasten them firmly; when the main anchor rod is used to fix the wire mesh at the top of the slope, the wire mesh should be fixed in the middle of the anchor rod, and then driven in; before the partial depression is deep, the slope surface should be artificially filled with part of the planting soil or plants before laying the mesh. Fibers to make the slope smooth as a whole; for the abnormally steep part of the slope, the double-layer wire mesh is used to increase the strength and adhesion of the bottom platform, which is beneficial to the subsequent substrate spraying operation; the construction of the substrate wire mesh platform should form a full coverage of the entire slope, so that the entire The barbed wire forms a unified stress surface. When the rock on the slope collapses and the beauty is peeled off, the local concentrated load can evenly transmit the impact force to the surrounding, so as to give full play to the protection ability of the whole system, that is, the local load acts as a whole, so that the system can Bear a large load and reduce the anchoring force requirement of a single anchor rod, so as to play a role in the overall protection of the slope; after the laying of the wire mesh is completed, for the particularly steep part of the slope, you can order the horizontal beams at intervals on the slope, and the specifications of the beams can be combined with the slope. According to the actual situation, a cross-beam is added based on the standard of being conducive to the attachment of the spraying substrate; the cross-beam should be firmly combined with the slope surface, and U-shaped clips, steel nails, rebars, and expansion bolts are used in various ways to strengthen the cross-beam according to different situations;

4) Fill reinforcement, lay fiber skeleton layer, use natural plant fibers with a length of 20-60cm, choose different fiber materials as raw materials according to different areas of construction, and arrange them into bundles with a diameter of 3-5cm. The mesh is filled with plant fibers from top to bottom at an interval of 5-20cm, and the interval is determined according to the steepness of the slope. Generally, the places with steep slopes are denser, and the places with gentle slopes are more spaced. The thickness of the interspersed fibers is 3cm-5cm. And maintain the air permeability and bulkiness of the interspersed fiber material, and increase the thickness of some concave slopes appropriately; the binding parts of the two groups of transverse fiber materials are connected by iron wires or hemp ropes to increase the toughness of the transverse fiber skeleton part, so that each transverse fiber skeleton becomes a It is a whole and is firmly connected with the bottom-attached platform barbed wire; after the horizontal fiber skeleton is laid, the vertical part is made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp rope, and the vertical interval is 80-100cm to bind the horizontal fiber skeleton and the barbed wire together. The half-knot method starts winding and binding from the top, and firmly binds the wire mesh and the transverse fiber skeleton on the bottom wire mesh and the anchors, so that the transverse main fiber skeleton, the longitudinal fiber skeleton and the bottom wire mesh form an interwoven mesh structure;

5) Substrate configuration and matrix nutrient layer material cultivation. The nutrient layer is specially formulated to meet the growth and development of seedlings. It contains a variety of mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, and is free from diseases and insect pests. The nutrient layer is generally planted by It is prepared by mixing soil and decomposed manure, and undergoes accumulation and fermentation through a special process; the fermented nutrient material is mixed with the crushed and screened dry cow dung in a ratio of 3:1; The pH value is measured, combined with the acidity and alkalinity of the local planting soil for spraying, and the pH value of the nutrient base is adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the spraying base material is more conducive to the growth of the plant community; the specific plan for the accumulation and fermentation of the nutrient layer:

(1) Material ratio, 1.5 tons of dry cow dung plus 1 kg of organic fertilizer starter, by weight, crushed peanut shells 40, corn cob 48, cottonseed meal powder 4-5, superphosphate 1, plant ash 1～2, urea 0.3～0.5, lime 2～3 material ratios are mixed, according to the ratio of cow dung and mixed material 1:3;

(2) When building a pile of materials, the pile should not be made too small or too short, too small will affect the fermentation, the height is 1.5 meters to 2 meters, the width is 2 meters, and the length is more than 2 to 4 meters.

(3) Temperature requirements, starting temperature should be above 15℃;

(4) Moisture requirements, the moisture content of fermentation materials should be controlled at about 65%;

(5) Turn the heap for ventilation, pay attention to proper oxygen supply and turn the heap during the fermentation process, and control the temperature rise at about 65°C. Too high temperature will affect the nutrients;

(6) Fermentation is completed, generally within 15 days, the fermentation is completed, the material is dark brown, and the temperature begins to drop to room temperature, indicating that the fermentation is completed.

(7) After the fermentation is completed, air-dry and seal the bag to slow down the loss of fertilizer efficiency;

6) Hierarchical pressurization, multi-stage pressurization equipment sprays the matrix layer and seed layer, and uses high-lift sprayer and booster pump to achieve the effective combination of material mixing and conveying distance. A 6-8cm thick matrix nutrient layer is sprayed on the fiber skeleton layer of the slope, with a ratio of 49% planting soil, 50% special nutrient material, 0.5% soil conditioner, and 0.5% water retention agent. Spray the well-proportioned matrix material on the skeleton layer 2-3 times. After the thickness of the matrix layer meets the requirements, then spray a seed layer with a thickness of 1-1.5cm mixed with comprehensive grass seeds to complete the spraying of the base material. Operation;

7) Spray the fiber protective layer, after spraying the seed layer, use the moss layer, and then spray the moss layer on the seed layer. The moss layer is composed of the following components and proportions, by weight: matrix nutrient layer 60-80, moss Powder 10-20, macromolecule granules, 10-20; moss powder is moss powder made by drying the surface layer of moss wetlands. Mix them into a slurry for spraying, and the moss layer evenly covers 50% of the outer surface of the seed layer- 100% of the area; uniform coverage means that the scattered points of spraying are relatively uniform. Add 10-30 pieces of broken plastic film or plastic fiber with an area of 5-20 square millimeters to the moss layer. After the surface plastic film is exposed, direct sunlight passes through the plastic. The film is changed to diffuse light, which is conducive to the growth of moss. For places with strong light, the entire substrate layer is further protected; the entire construction surface is covered and protected with special non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets;

8) Comprehensive maintenance system for infiltration irrigation, including: rainwater collection system, filtration system, conveying pipe, plug-in infiltration irrigation head, and infiltration irrigation pipes of different densities are laid according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.