CN106408426A - Slope spray-seeding plant and plant configuration pattern mode determining method - Google Patents
Slope spray-seeding plant and plant configuration pattern mode determining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106408426A CN106408426A CN201610799970.1A CN201610799970A CN106408426A CN 106408426 A CN106408426 A CN 106408426A CN 201610799970 A CN201610799970 A CN 201610799970A CN 106408426 A CN106408426 A CN 106408426A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slope spray-seeding green plant and plant configuration pattern mode determining method. The method includes the following steps that: the analytic hierarchy process model of slope spray-seeding green plant selection is constructed, wherein the analytic hierarchy process model includes an objective layer, an evaluation layer, an index layer and a decision layer, wherein the evaluation layer includes four parameters, namely, stress resistance, protection performance, economic effect and landscaping performance, wherein the stress resistance is corresponding to cold resistance, barren resistance and drought resistance in the index layer, the protection performance is corresponding to root soil reinforcement effect, coverage degree and growth ability in the index layer, the economic effect is corresponding to a seed cost parameter in the index layer, and the landscaping performance is corresponding to a landscaping effect parameter in the index layer; the analytic hierarchy process model is utilized to carry out score evaluation on a plurality of kinds of pre-selected plants, so that the plant performance scores of each kind of plants can be obtained; and plants are selected according to the plant performance scores and the types of the plants so as to form a slope spray-seeding plant configuration pattern. According to the method of the invention, the analytic hierarchy process model is constructed to accurately determine the slope spray-seeding plants and the configuration pattern of the plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological protection technical field, more particularly, to a kind of side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant and Plant compound type
The method determining.
Background technology
In the presence of natural rainfall, rainwash, soil erosion degree increases bare side sloping, causes serious ecological ring
Border is destroyed.Excavate and pile up the side slope of formation, topsoil is stripped with vegetation, and rock mass is exposed, destroys original natural landscape,
Cause landscape, visual pollution.I.e. bare side sloping easily causes soil erosion, leads to ecological deterioration, and landscape effect is poor, and stable
Property difference side slope there is potential hazard, therefore it should side slope vegetation is recovered.
Vegetation is the main body that side slope is recovered, and sowing grass seeds by duster is one of major way of bare side sloping revegetation.Plant choosing
Quality, is directly connected to the improvement ability of ecological environment.At present, in greening side slope plant selection, have certain subjectivity,
Blindness, the selection randomness of plant is greatly it is impossible to carry out rational selection of configuration according to side slope environment to plant to be sowed grass seeds by duster.
Patent CN2005100358915 discloses a kind of south evergreen vegetation planting method on slope of highway side in southern areas, its
So that grass seeds and shrub species is configured by 1: 1.2～2 part by weight, be configured to seed and sow grass seeds by duster liquid or seed mix, spray
The flattened side slope surface being suitable to afforest, described grass seeds selects herbaceous plant kind Bermuda or Bermuda and rye grass
Or/and the combination of Festuca Arundinacea, described shrub species is from pulse family evergreen shrubss seeds mountain green soyabeanss, Semen Cajani, Herba crotalariae mucronatae, silver conjunction
Vigorously, false indigo, pink indigo, any two or two or more combinations in akeake.This invention is only suitable to public at a high speed in south
Ever green vegetation is set up on roadside slope, does not have versatility.
Content of the invention
Based on this it is necessary to reasonable selection and configuration can not be carried out for side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant in conventional art
Problem, provides a kind of method that side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant and Plant compound type determine.
A kind of method determining for the side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant and Plant compound type of realizing the object of the invention offer, its
It is characterised by, comprise the following steps：
Build the Analytic Hierarchy Process Model of side slope spraying and seeding afforesting Plant choosing；
Described Analytic Hierarchy Process Model includes destination layer, evaluates layer, indicator layer and decision-making level；
Described evaluation layer includes resistance, protective, economic benefits and four parameters of landscape；Described resistance corresponds to institute
State winter resistance in indicator layer, impoverishment tolerant and three parameters of drought resistance；Root system in the corresponding described indicator layer of described protective
Gu native effect, coverage and three parameters of energy for growth；Seed costs parameter in the corresponding described indicator layer of described economic benefits；
Landscape effect parameter in the corresponding described indicator layer of described landscape；
Using described Analytic Hierarchy Process Model, score value evaluation is carried out to multiple pre-selection plants, obtain the plant performance of every kind of plant
Scoring；
According to the species of the scoring of described plant performance and plant, select plant constitution side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plants configuration mould
Formula.
Wherein in an embodiment, described using described Analytic Hierarchy Process Model, the various plants of pre-selection are carried out by score value commented
During valency, the score value of every kind of plant is evaluated respectively, comprises the following steps：
Build the evaluation layer parameter pair of described resistance, described protective, described economic benefits and described landscape respectively
The judgment matrix of each corresponding parameter in indicator layer, and described destination layer to described evaluation layer described in resistance, described protective,
Described economic benefits and the judgment matrix of described landscape；
According to side slope environmental characteristic, using corresponding winter resistance, impoverishment tolerant and the drought resisting to described resistance of 1-9 scaling law
Relative importance between three parameters of property carries out scale；According to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scaling law to described protective
Relative importance between corresponding root system solid soil effect, described coverage and three parameters of described energy for growth carries out scale；
The use of the corresponding importance of economic benefits corresponding seed costs parameter described in 1-9 scaling law scale is 1；Using 1-9 scaling law
The corresponding importance of the corresponding landscape effect parameter of landscape described in scale is 1；According to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scale
Method carries out scale to the relative importance between described resistance, described protective, described economic benefits and described landscape；
Calculate the constructed eigenvalue of maximum of judgment matrix and the corresponding characteristic vector of eigenvalue of maximum, and to described spy
Levy after vector is normalized, obtain the weighted value in affiliated layer for each parameter, including the weighted value of described resistance, described protection
The weighted value of property, the weighted value of described economic benefit, the weighted value of described landscape, described cold resistant weighted value, described resistance to
The weighted value of the weighted value of barren property, the weighted value of described drought resistance, described root system solid soil effect, the weight of described coverage
Value, the weighted value of the weighted value of described energy for growth, the weighted value of described seed costs and described landscape effect；
The weighted value of each for described indicator layer parameter is multiplied with the weighted value of the corresponding parameter evaluating layer respectively, is referred to
The mark described cold resistant final weight value of layer, the final weight value of described impoverishment tolerant, the final weight value of described drought resistance,
The final weight value of described root system solid soil effect, the final weight value of described coverage, the final weight value of described energy for growth,
The final weight value of described seed costs and the final weight value of described landscape effect；
Unique characteristics value according to every kind of pre-selection plant and corresponding described cold resistant final weight value, described impoverishment tolerant
Property final weight value, the final weight value of described drought resistance, the final weight value of described root system solid soil effect, described coverage
Final weight value, the final weight value of described energy for growth, the final weight value of described seed costs and described landscape effect
Final weight value be multiplied respectively after, then sue for peace, obtain the total score of current plant.
Wherein in an embodiment, described pre-selection plant includes Indigenous Shrub Species plant and herbaceous plant of one's native land.
Wherein in an embodiment, described pre-selection plant is chosen according to following steps：
To need to carry out the side slope of plant spraying and seeding afforesting and surrounding and soil moved in improve the original source place as sample ground；
Line-transect sampling method is adopted to obtain multiple foliage filter screening soil samples in the horizontal direction on each sample ground；
Multiple foliage filter screening soil samples are carried out sieving respectively after air-drying again concentration；
Each foliage filter screening soil sample after concentrating is carried out sprouting test indoors, and records in foliage filter screening soil sample and comprise
Floristics and germination quantity, obtain seed bank density；
Diversity with one-way analysis of variance method analysis seed bank density differently；Use Pearson correlation analysiss
Method analyzes the dependency of species number between seed bank and the vegetation on corresponding research sample ground；Study kind with Sorensen similarity coefficient
The similarity degree that word bank is formed with aerial plant；
Analysis result according to described diversity, described dependency and described similarity degree and side slope location plant speciess
Class determines the suitable pre-selection plant of current side slope.
Wherein in an embodiment, described native using the multiple foliage filter screenings of line-transect sampling method acquisition in the horizontal direction
Sample, comprises the following steps：
The sample prescription of one default size is chosen every predeterminable range on line-transect；
The method pressing diagonal sampling in sample prescription chooses 5 sampling points；
The sample soil of one different depth layer is taken respectively on the vertical direction of each sampling point；
After the sample soil mixing of same thick layer, obtain multiple foliage filter screening soil samples of same side slope.
Wherein in an embodiment, described predeterminable range is 15 meters, for described default size, takes 5m to shrub sample prescription
The default size of × 5m, takes the default size of 1m × 1m to draft sample prescription.
Wherein in an embodiment, the described vertical direction in each sampling point takes the sample of a different depth layer respectively
Soil, comprises the following steps：
The sample soil of 0～5cm, 5～10cm and 10～15cm thickness is taken respectively on the vertical direction of each sampling point；And
After the sample soil mixing of same for same research sample ground thick layer, obtain three foliage filter screening soil samples of same side slope.
Wherein in an embodiment, when study sample there is humus layer when, described in the vertical direction of each sampling point
Take the sample soil of a different depth layer respectively, further comprising the steps of：
Each sampling point on research sample ground adds and takes humus layer as sample soil；
By the sample soil mixing of the same thick layer on same research sample ground, and will be mixed for the sample soil of the humus layer on same research sample ground
After conjunction, obtain four foliage filter screening soil samples of same side slope.
Wherein in an embodiment, by foliage filter screening soil sample carry out sieving process when, sieved using 10mm hole sizer,
Reject the debris in soil and chad；
Described by concentrate after each foliage filter screening soil sample carry out sprouting test indoors when, soil sample is respectively charged into 40cm
The plastics of × 20cm × 5cm are sprouted basin and are uniformly spread out, and make marks, and sprout, described, the diameter that basin bottom part is drilled with predetermined number
Osculum for 3mm.
Wherein in an embodiment, described side slope is sowed grass seeds by duster in Plant compound type based on shrub plant, is planted with draft
Supplemented by thing, and described side slope Plant compound type of sowing grass seeds by duster is configured by the way of phytobiocoenose.
Beneficial effects of the present invention include：The method that the slope plant that the present invention provides selects, is sowed grass seeds by duster by building side slope
The Analytic Hierarchy Process Model of Plant choosing, the score value that multiple pre-selection plants are quantified according to side slope specific environment such that it is able to
The plant that concrete scoring according to plant and the exactly determined side slope of actual demand sow grass seeds by duster plant and side slope is sowed grass seeds by duster is joined
Put pattern.Make that the configuration mode of plant that side slope sows grass seeds by duster and plant is more reasonable, it is same that side slope environment is effectively recovered
When additionally it is possible to take into account some landscapes and the requirement of economic benefits aspect.
Brief description
The flow chart of the method that Fig. 1 is the side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant of an embodiment and Plant compound type determines；
Fig. 2 is an embodiment middle-level analysis model schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention's
The sow grass seeds by duster specific embodiment of the method that plant and Plant compound type determine of side slope illustrates.It should be appreciated that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the method for the side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant of one of embodiment and Plant compound type determination, including
Following steps：
S100, builds side slope and sows grass seeds by duster the Analytic Hierarchy Process Model of Plant choosing.
Referring to Fig. 2, taking the side slope on highway side as a example, constructed Analytic Hierarchy Process Model includes destination layer A, evaluates layer
B, indicator layer C and decision-making level D.Specifically, described evaluation layer B includes resistance B1, protective B2, economic benefits B3 and landscape
Tetra- parameters of B4；Winter resistance in the corresponding described indicator layer of described resistance, impoverishment tolerant and three parameters of drought resistance；Described anti-
Root system solid soil effect in the corresponding described indicator layer of shield property, coverage and three parameters of energy for growth；Described economic benefits correspond to
Seed costs parameter in described indicator layer；Landscape effect parameter in the corresponding described indicator layer of described landscape.
In other embodiments, for different side slopes, the parameter that evaluation layer B is comprised would also vary from.As for
The side slope of waste Yezhong can not comprise landscape B4.
Multiple pre-selection plants are carried out score value evaluation using described Analytic Hierarchy Process Model, obtain the plant of every kind of plant by S200
Physical performance scores.Also alternative various plants of decision-making level are just obtained.
It should be noted that for different side slopes, because the purpose gender gap of plant of sowing grass seeds by duster, and itself environmental condition
Difference, the score value of same plant can be different, or even has larger difference.As the side slope more than for precipitation its to plant
Thing drought resistance requires relatively low, and the more arid side slope of weather conditions, then its plant drought resistance is required just higher.
In areal, side slope can be divided into following a few class to be studied：
1. gentle slope-barren-artificial/clear-cutting forestland side slope；
2. abrupt slope-barren-manual reversion side slope；
3. mesoslope-more fertile-clear-cutting forestland side slope, abrupt slope-more fertile-artificial/clear-cutting forestland side slope.
S300, according to the species of the scoring of described plant performance and plant, selects plant constitution side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant to join
Put pattern.
After obtaining the scoring of every kind of plant in multiple pre-selection plants, the higher plant of optional score value is sowed grass seeds by duster as side slope
Green plant species.But in the selection process, also need to consider the type of plant in addition to considering plant score value.As right
Side slope plant of sowing grass seeds by duster is preferably selected the mode of shrub plant and draft class plant mixed seeding, and that is, side slope is sowed grass seeds by duster in Plant compound type
Comprise shrub plant and also comprise draft class plant.And when carrying out draft class Plant choosing, select pre-selection plant in score value relatively
High plant, equally, when carrying out shrub Plant choosing, also selects the higher plant of score value in pre-selection plant.For concrete
Floristic selection, can select first 3 kinds or front 5 kinds of plants according to the height of score value according to demand.
Specifically, for the selection of pre-selection plant, in pre-selection plant, comprise indigenous plant, can be real by following two steps
Existing, taking the selection of Beijing area slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant as a example explanation comprises the choosing of the pre-selection plant of indigenous plant below
Select.
First, suitable for plant primary election
Literature Consult：By consulting the pertinent literature in Beijing and its surrounding area side slope different niches phytobiocoenose composition,
In terms of habitat, growth characteristics etc., advantage natural community and its constructive species and accompanying plant species are analyzed；Consult side slope
The pertinent literature of spraying and seeding afforesting plants configuration, is familiar with the pluses and minuses of different vegetation disposal pattern, is preliminary screening, introduces suitable side
Slope spraying and seeding afforesting floristics establish certain theoretical basiss；Consult the phase about Beijing and its surrounding area greening side slope plant
Close document, with《Plants of Beijing will》It is foundation with associated materials, the existing plant of side slope carries out Adaptability Analysis.
By literature survey method, the Plant choosing scope in research available data, vegetation matching method, difference is determined with this
In the case of land occupation condition, the species of greening side slope plant, level, structure and consumption, provide good for follow-up Test And Research Work
Good theoretical basiss；In this theoretical basis, carry out field investigation, count all kinds of greening side slope plants in different condition area class
The features such as the characteristic distributions under type, the frequency of occurrences, the initial stage cloth configuration provides thinking to green plants.
Field investigation：Using engineering field method, specifically expressway slope is investigated along the line using sample plot method naturally general
Condition and vegetation, arrange 40 sample prescriptions.It is provided with shrub sample prescription 5m × 5m, draft sample prescription 1m × 1m, investigation sample prescription should edge
Side slope circuit is uniformly distributed, and Special zone is encrypted, and is made the appropriate adjustments according to practical situation.
By Literature Consult and with reference to take a broad survey Beijing area and the revegetation in recent years of periphery higher accountancy education
Achievements and experiences lesson, systematically summarize Beijing and the greening side slope floristics of periphery different condition area type, and
Carry out the preliminary screening of plant.
2nd, soil seed bank, soil seed pool preferred plant kind
Side slope vegetation after alien earth sparging greening is investigated, discovery part is sowed grass seeds by duster, and vegetation germination percentage is low and growing way is not good
And other plant speciess growth is vigorous, it mostly is soil moved in improve the original through investigation outside plant species and is carried, therefore by Soils in Beijing Area seed bank
Research, determine the indigenous plant species that soil moved in improve the original is carried, the selection for greening side slope plant speciess and determine foundation is provided.
Research step：
(1) sample ground selects
According to Beijing's topography and geomorphology and different vegetation types distribution, choose and there is the representational pin of wide regional coverage, broad-leaved
Woods and mixed forest and region of no relief plough as research sample ground.That includes side slope and periphery and the soil moved in improve the original needing to carry out that plant is sowed grass seeds by duster
Source place.Studied with the method for big quantity subquadrat.
Soil seed bank, soil seed pool samples：According to representative and typicality vegetation distribution situation, and select in the horizontal direction
Line-transect sampling method, sets the sample prescription of a 1m × 1m on line-transect every 15m, presses the method choosing of diagonal sampling in subquadrat
Take 5 sampling points, with spades sampling, vertical direction takes respectively：Humus layer；0～5cm；5～10cm；The thickness of 10～15cm.
Then the soil of same layer is mixed, and be layered pack, obtain multiple foliage filter screening soil samples, take back test chamber and supply soil seed
Sprout and use with identification experiment.
It should be noted that for the selection of sample prescription, extraction, can be configured according to the concrete condition on research sample ground, such as
For sample prescription selection when the predeterminable range that is spaced, be not limited to choose one at interval of 15m, can be entered according to practical situation
The suitable increase of row or minimizing.And the default size for sample prescription selection, it is also not limited to 1m × 1m, may be alternatively provided as other
Size.And the selection for sample soil, the concrete depth of selection and each sample ground sample soil quantity can also be set according to demand
Put.As for the research sample not having humus layer, just without taking the humus layer to do sample soil again.
(2) soil sample concentration
After fetching foliage filter screening soil sample, foliage filter screening soil sample is uniformly spread out in experiment interior in time, puts respectively, do
Good labelling, and so that it is air-dried under natural temperature.After foliage filter screening soil sample air-dry, then sieved with 10mm hole sizer, rejected
Debris in soil and chad, if soil sample has condensed in bulk, are opened so as to divide as far as possible with manual grind soil sample of suitable dynamics
Dissipate, it is noted that ensureing the integrity of seed during this.Soil sample concentration advantageously reduces soil sample volume, makes full use of light
Heat condition, promotes the fast-germination of seed.
(3) indoor sprouting test
Sprouting experiment is to carry out indoors, for ensureing seed quick-speed germination, sets up light to ensure illumination condition, and every
It waters it is ensured that ground moistening.The plastics that foliage filter screening soil sample is respectively charged into 40cm × 20cm × 5cm are sprouted basin and are uniformly spread out
Open, carry out labelling, for preventing soil moisture supersaturation, the aperture getting out diameter about 3mm in plastics basin bottom part discharges superfluous water
Point.Water every other day it is ensured that moistening of soil from daystart, start periodic logging every three days after coming up and once respectively sprout
Send out basin seed and sprout quantity and the species of plant.Identify discernible seedling in time and make easy to remember in later observation recording process
Extract after record, culture is continued for the seedling being unable to precise Identification, till can recognize that until growing up.
(4) native soil fills the determination of careless plant
Carry out data processing and analysis using Excel and SPSS18.0 software.Analyzed different with one-way analysis of variance method
The diversity of foliage filter screening soil sample seed bank density；With Pearson relative analysis method seed bank and corresponding soil sample vegetation it
Between species number dependency；To study seed bank and corresponding research sample ground ground species group with Sorensen likeness coefficient (SC)
The degree of similarity becoming.In conjunction with field investigation and indoor sprouting test, pick out natural slope sociales, namely according to research sample
The above-mentioned diversity on ground, dependency, the analysis result of similarity degree and side slope location floristics determine current side slope
Suitable pre-selection plant.
When other areas are carried out with the selection of slope plant, described default seed bank is the climatic environment in its corresponding area
Corresponding seed bank.
More preferably, in the embodiment of the method that the slope plant of another embodiment selects, carrying out preselecting plant determination
During, in addition to carrying out aforesaid suitable for plant primary election and soil seed bank, soil seed pool preferred process, also assist with indoor examination
Test and level land preliminary experiment is further screened.
Wherein, mainly based on filling, grass seed sprouting test, process of the test and result show laboratory test, Some seeds
Have that germination percentage is low, the cycle of germinateing is long, continue germinating capacity strong the problems such as, therefore the result according to laboratory test, select to germinate
Rate is of a relatively high, germinating time is shorter filling, careless plant.
Level land preliminary experiment is divided into shrub unicast test and fills, careless mixed seeding test.Filling, careless mixed seeding and shrub unicast phase in test
Ratio fills, careless mixed seeding advantage becomes apparent from, is mainly reflected in the covering level of early stage grass seeds, on root system reinforcement effect, especially anti-
Only the aspect such as external grass seeds invasion has more biological significance.
According to the result of laboratory test and level land trial test, the pre-selection plant speciess of suitable spraying and seeding afforesting plant are determined with this
Class, provides data refer and theory support for follow-up configuration test, is also that ensuing use Analytic Hierarchy Process Model is true simultaneously
During deckle slope green plants are evaluated, part index number provides contrasting foundation.
In one embodiment, when score value evaluation being carried out to the various plants of pre-selection using Analytic Hierarchy Process Model, according to
Analytic Hierarchy Process Model determines the weight of every kind of evaluating, specifically determines according to following steps：
1. build the judgment matrix D to lower floor's coherent element for the upper strata key element
For the Analytic Hierarchy Process Model shown in Fig. 2, need to build resistance, protective, economic benefits and landscape respectively
Evaluate the judgment matrix to corresponding parameter each in indicator layer for the layer parameter, and destination layer to evaluate layer described in resistance, protection
The judgment matrix of property, economic benefits and landscape.
And according to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scaling law, scale is carried out to each interlayer parameter relative importance.Based on 1-
9 scaling laws each interlayer relative importance scale implication is as shown in table 1.
Relative importance scale implication between table 1 1-9 scaling law each layer parameter
| Scale value (dij) | Implication |
| 1 | Factor i is identical with factor j important |
| 3 | Factor i is somewhat more important than factor j |
| 5 | Factor i is substantially more important than factor j |
| 7 | Factor i is strongly more important than factor j |
| 9 | Factor i is acutely more important than factor j |
| 2、4、6、8 | Represent the intermediate value of above-mentioned relation |
| Inverse, 1/2,1/3 ... | Relation value between factor j and factor i |
According to side slope environmental characteristic, using corresponding winter resistance, impoverishment tolerant and the drought resisting to described resistance of 1-9 scaling law
Relative importance between three parameters of property carries out scale；According to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scaling law, protective is corresponded to
Root system solid soil effect, the relative importance between coverage and three parameters of described energy for growth carry out scale；Marked using 1-9
The corresponding importance of the corresponding seed costs parameter of degree method scale economic benefits is 1；Corresponded to using 1-9 scaling law scale landscape
The corresponding importance of landscape effect parameter be 1；According to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scaling law to resistance, protective,
After relative importance between economic benefits and landscape carries out scale, then can obtain the judgment matrix with parameter value accordingly.
As follows to the judgment matrix of the resistance, protective and economic benefits and landscape evaluated in layer in destination layer A：
Corresponding form shows as shown in table 2.
Relatively important sexual intercourse between the corresponding parameter of table 2 destination layer
| A | B1 (resistance) | B2 (protective) | B3 (landscape) | B4 (economy) |
| B1 (resistance) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 |
| B2 (protective) | 1/2 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| B3 (landscape) | 1/5 | 1/4 | 1 | 1/2 |
| B4 (economy) | 1/4 | 1/2 | 2 | 1 |
The judgment matrix of the structure corresponding each index layer parameter of B1, B2, B3 and B4 that can be similar to.
After the completion of development of judgment matrix, calculate eigenvalue of maximum and the character pair vector of each judgment matrix:
Understand the eigenvalue of maximum λ of matrix D existence anduniquess by mathematical theorymax, and
Character pair vector：
Product M is done to the value of the element of the every a line in judgment matrix Di=di1×di2×…×din, n is judgment matrix
Exponent number, Mi represents i-th key element and amasss with respect to the importance ratio of other key elements, then opens n power to Mi, obtainsAgain Wi is normalized, you can obtain above formula wi, wiFor the weight of each factor after normalization, n is matrix D
Exponent number.Wherein, the weight of each factor includes the weighted value of resistance, the weighted value of protective, the weighted value of economic benefit, landscape
Property weighted value, cold resistant weighted value, the weighted value of impoverishment tolerant, the weighted value of drought resistance, the weight of root system solid soil effect
Value, the weighted value of coverage, the weighted value of the weighted value of energy for growth, the weighted value of seed costs and landscape effect.
It is preferred that calculating the Maximum characteristic root λ of judgment matrixmaxAfterwards, the concordance of judgment matrix can also be sentenced
Disconnected, specially according to formula CI=(λmax-n)/(n-1) judge the concordance of judgment matrix.As CI=0, judgment matrix has
Crash consistency, CI is bigger, and the concordance of judgment matrix is poorer.Finally calculate the random consistency ration of judgment matrix：CR=CI/
RI, works as CR<0.1, judgment matrix has concordance.
Wherein, the value of RI is according to table 3, determination of tabling look-up：
The Aver-age Random Consistency Index of table 3 1-9 rank matrix
| Exponent number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 |
Each parameter is calculated after the weight of affiliated layer according to judgment matrix, by the weighted value of each for indicator layer parameter respectively
It is multiplied with the weighted value of the corresponding parameter evaluating layer, obtain described cold resistant final weight value, the impoverishment tolerant of indicator layer
Final weight value, the final weight value of drought resistance, the final weight value of root system solid soil effect, the final weight value of coverage,
The final weight value of the final weight value of energy for growth, the final weight value of seed costs and landscape effect.Afterwards, further according to every
Unique characteristics value and the corresponding described cold resistant final weight value of kind of pre-selection plant, the final weight value of impoverishment tolerant, resist
The final weight value of the final weight value of drought, root system solid soil effect, the final weight value of coverage, the final power of energy for growth
After the final weight value of weight values, the final weight value of seed costs and landscape effect is multiplied respectively, then sue for peace, obtain current plant
Total score.
Taking " gentle slope-barren-artificial/clear-cutting forestland side slope (A class) " the as a example calculating to final weight value and plant below
The calculating of the final total score of thing illustrates.
The weight calculation of table 4-1 judgment matrix A-B and consistency check
Consistency check：W=(0.500 0.281 0.080 0.140)T, λmax=4.028, CI=0.0093, RI=
0.86 (tabling look-up), CR=CI/RI=0.011 ＜ 0.1, meet consistency check.
The weight calculation of table 4-2 judgment matrix B1-C and consistency check
Consistency check：W=(0.639 0.141 0.244 0.140)T, λmax=3.019, CI=0.01, RI=0.52
(tabling look-up), CR=CI/RI=0.019 ＜ 0.1, meet consistency check.
The weight calculation of table 4-3 judgment matrix B2-C and consistency check
Consistency check：W=(0.119 0.546 0.313 0.140)T, λmax=3.022, CI=0.011, RI=
0.52 (tabling look-up), CR=CI/RI=0.021 ＜ 0.1, meet consistency check.
Table 4-4 each level weight vector
Also can calculate in the same manner " abrupt slope-barren-manual reversion side slope (B class) ", and " mesoslope-more fertile-clear-cutting forestland
The final weight value of each index layer parameter in side slope, abrupt slope-more fertile-artificial/clear-cutting forestland side slope (C class) ".
For every kind of pre-selection plant, plant unique characteristics value can be determined according to table 5.
Table 5 plant unique characteristics value quantifies table
According to unique characteristics value and the corresponding cold resistant final weight value of every kind of pre-selection plant, impoverishment tolerant final
The final weight value of weighted value, the final weight value of drought resistance, root system solid soil effect, the final weight value of coverage, growth energy
After the final weight value of the final weight value of power, the final weight value of seed costs and landscape effect is multiplied respectively, then sue for peace, then
Can get the total score of current plant.
Wherein, for three kinds of different types of side slopes (A class, B class, C class), partly herbal total score such as table 6 institute
Show.
The herbal total score of table 6
Afterwards, further according to the species of plant performance scoring and plant, plant constitution side slope is selected to sow grass seeds by duster Plant compound type.
As according to table 6, for A class side slope when selecting herbaceous plant, prioritizing selection Festuca Arundinacea, prairie milk vetch, Herba Potentillae Chinensis and Radix Adenophorae (Radix Glehniae) this
A little one-level floristics.And for B class side slope, when selecting herbaceous plant, prioritizing selection rye grass, Festuca Arundinacea, alfalfa
And the one-level floristics such as Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel.For C class side slope, when selecting herbaceous plant, then preferably select alfalfa, wild flags
And the floristics such as prairie milk vetch, coordinating some shrub plant constitution side slopes to sow grass seeds by duster Plant compound type afterwards.
And finally determine side slope sow grass seeds by duster plant configuration mode when, the of a relatively high side of mid score is evaluated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Slope green plants are object of study, are applied to greening side slope plant mixed seeding configuration test.In plants configuration test using shrub it is
Mode supplemented by master, draft.Fill, careless allocation ratio is respectively A g/B g, C g/B g, D g/B g, E g/B g, F g/B g.
Obtained according to application rate formula：
W=(G-M) × Q ÷ (1000 × T × C × P × R × D)
In formula：
W is the application rate (g/m of plant seed2)；
G is the (strain/m of desired plant spacing2)；
M includes soil moved in improve the original and native (grain/m of sowing grass seeds by duster for Soil seed bank2)；
T sows grass seeds by duster for Seed Layer the corrected rate of thickness, the impact to germination and seedling for the thickness is sowed grass seeds by duster according to Seed Layer and
The corrected rate determining.Seed Layer sow grass seeds by duster thickness 2cm～3cm corrected rate be 1, with the increase of thickness of sowing grass seeds by duster, corrected rate is corresponding
Reduce；
C is land occupation condition corrected rate, according to land occupation conditions such as side slope soil property, ratio of slope, slope aspects to germination and seedling
The corrected rate affecting and determining.It is 0.7～0.9 that ratio of slope is more than 1 corrected rate, and tailo corrected rate is 0.7～0.9, rock side slope school
Just rate is 0.8～0.9；
D is construction time corrected rate, the corrected rate being determined according to the impact to germination and seedling for the engineering time.Non-quarter
Section construction time plant corrected rate is 0.7～0.9；
P is seed purity (%)；
R is percentage of seedgermination (%)；
Q is thousand grain weigth (g).
In the method for the present invention, configuration mode takes the mode of group to be studied, to Beijing in one of embodiment
Regional highway side slope Plant compound type is：The many HUAMU of Caulis Seu Folium Lespedezae Bicoloris A g/ false indigo A g+ shrubby clematis 1/2A g/
Multiple Community combinations such as blue 1/2A g+ Spica Prunellae 3/2A g/ Bermuda grass 3/2A g.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more concrete and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformation can also be made and improve, these broadly fall into the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be defined by claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of side slope spraying and seeding afforesting plant and Plant compound type determination is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Build the Analytic Hierarchy Process Model of side slope spraying and seeding afforesting Plant choosing；
Described Analytic Hierarchy Process Model includes destination layer, evaluates layer, indicator layer and decision-making level；
Described evaluation layer includes resistance, protective, economic benefits and four parameters of landscape；Described resistance corresponds to described finger
Winter resistance in mark layer, impoverishment tolerant and three parameters of drought resistance；The solid soil of root system in the corresponding described indicator layer of described protective
Effect, coverage and three parameters of energy for growth；Seed costs parameter in the corresponding described indicator layer of described economic benefits；Described
Landscape effect parameter in the corresponding described indicator layer of landscape；
Using described Analytic Hierarchy Process Model, score value evaluation is carried out to multiple pre-selection plants, the plant performance obtaining every kind of plant is commented
Point；
According to the species of the scoring of described plant performance and plant, select plant constitution side slope spraying and seeding afforesting Plant compound type.
2. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described using described Analytic Hierarchy Process Model to pre-selection multiple
When plant carries out score value evaluation, the score value of every kind of plant is evaluated respectively, comprises the following steps：
The evaluation layer parameter building described resistance, described protective, described economic benefits and described landscape respectively is to index
The judgment matrix of each corresponding parameter in layer, and described destination layer is to resistance described in described evaluation layer, described protective, described
Economic benefits and the judgment matrix of described landscape；
According to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scaling law to described resistance corresponding winter resistance, impoverishment tolerant and drought resistance three
Relative importance between individual parameter carries out scale；According to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scaling law, described protective is corresponded to
Root system solid soil effect, the relative importance between described coverage and three parameters of described energy for growth carry out scale；Use
The corresponding importance of economic benefits corresponding seed costs parameter described in 1-9 scaling law scale is 1；Using 1-9 scaling law scale
The corresponding importance of the corresponding landscape effect parameter of described landscape is 1；According to side slope environmental characteristic, using 1-9 scaling law pair
Relative importance between described resistance, described protective, described economic benefits and described landscape carries out scale；
Calculate the constructed eigenvalue of maximum of judgment matrix and the corresponding characteristic vector of eigenvalue of maximum, and to described feature to
After amount is normalized, obtain the weighted value in affiliated layer for each parameter, including the weighted value of described resistance, described protective
Weighted value, the weighted value of described economic benefit, the weighted value of described landscape, described cold resistant weighted value, described impoverishment tolerant
Property weighted value, the weighted value of described drought resistance, the weighted value of described root system solid soil effect, the weighted value of described coverage, institute
State the weighted value of the weighted value, the weighted value of described seed costs and described landscape effect of energy for growth；
The weighted value of each for described indicator layer parameter is multiplied with the weighted value of the corresponding parameter evaluating layer respectively, obtains indicator layer
Described cold resistant final weight value, the final weight value of described impoverishment tolerant, the final weight value of described drought resistance, described
The final weight value of root system solid soil effect, the final weight value of described coverage, the final weight value of described energy for growth, described
Plant in the final weight value of cost and the final weight value of described landscape effect；
According to unique characteristics value and the corresponding described cold resistant final weight value of every kind of pre-selection plant, described impoverishment tolerant
The final weight value of final weight value, the final weight value of described drought resistance, described root system solid soil effect, described coverage are
Whole weighted value, the final weight value of described energy for growth, the final weight value of described seed costs and described landscape effect are
After whole weighted value is multiplied respectively, then sue for peace, obtain the total score of current plant.
3. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described pre-selection plant includes Indigenous Shrub Species plant and native soil grass
This plant.
4. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described pre-selection plant is chosen according to following steps：
To need to carry out the side slope of spraying and seeding afforesting and surrounding and soil moved in improve the original source place as sample ground；
Line-transect sampling method is adopted to obtain multiple foliage filter screening soil samples in the horizontal direction on each sample ground；
Multiple foliage filter screening soil samples are carried out sieving respectively after air-drying again concentration；
Each foliage filter screening soil sample after concentrating is carried out sprouting test indoors, and records the township comprising in foliage filter screening soil sample
Native floristics and germination quantity；
Diversity with one-way analysis of variance method analysis Soil seed bank differently；Use Pearson correlation analysiss
Method analyzes the dependency of species number between seed bank and the vegetation on corresponding sample ground；Study seed bank with Sorensen similarity coefficient
Similarity degree with aerial plant composition；
Analysis result according to described diversity, described dependency and described similarity degree and side slope location floristics are true
The suitable pre-selection plant of settled front side slope spraying and seeding afforesting.
5. method according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described adopt the acquisition of line-transect sampling method many in the horizontal direction
Individual foliage filter screening soil sample, comprises the following steps：
The sample prescription of one default size is chosen every predeterminable range on line-transect；
The method pressing diagonal sampling in sample prescription chooses 5 sampling points；
The sample soil of one different depth layer is taken respectively on the vertical direction of each sampling point；
After the sample soil mixing of same thick layer, obtain multiple foliage filter screening soil samples of same side slope.
6. method according to claim 5 it is characterised in that described predeterminable range be 15 meters, for described default size,
Shrub sample prescription is taken with the default size of 5m × 5m, draft sample prescription is taken with the default size of 1m × 1m.
7. method according to claim 5 it is characterised in that the described vertical direction in each sampling point take respectively multiple not
With the sample soil of depth layer, comprise the following steps：
The sample soil of 0～5cm, 5～10cm and 10～15cm thickness is taken respectively on the vertical direction of each sampling point；And
After the sample soil mixing of same for same research sample ground thick layer, obtain three foliage filter screening soil samples of same side slope.
8. method according to claim 7 it is characterised in that when study sample there is humus layer when, described in each sample
The sample soil of multiple different depth layers is taken respectively on the vertical direction of point, further comprising the steps of：
Each sampling point on research sample ground adds and takes humus layer as sample soil；
By the sample soil mixing of the same thick layer on same research sample ground, and the sample soil mixing by the humus layer on same research sample ground
Afterwards, four foliage filter screening soil samples of same side slope are obtained.
9. method according to claim 4 it is characterised in that by foliage filter screening soil sample carry out sieving process when, use
10mm hole sizer is sieved, and rejects the debris in soil and chad；
Described by concentrate after each foliage filter screening soil sample carry out sprouting test indoors when, by soil sample be respectively charged into 40cm ×
The plastics of 20cm × 5cm are sprouted basin and are uniformly spread out, and make marks, and are drilled with a diameter of of predetermined number in described sprouting basin bottom part
The osculum of 3mm.
10. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that in described side slope spraying and seeding afforesting Plant compound type with fill
Based on wood plant, supplemented by herbaceous plant, and described side slope spraying and seeding afforesting Plant compound type is entered by the way of phytobiocoenose
Row configuration.
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| CN111448953A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2020-07-28 | 甘肃汇丰生态建设工程有限公司 | Method for ecological restoration of abrupt slope by using biological bacteria humus |
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| CN111448953A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2020-07-28 | 甘肃汇丰生态建设工程有限公司 | Method for ecological restoration of abrupt slope by using biological bacteria humus |
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Application publication date: 20170215 |