CN104904556A - Coastal saline and alkaline land rain season willow root cutting forestation method - Google Patents
Coastal saline and alkaline land rain season willow root cutting forestation method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coastal saline and alkaline land rain season willow root cutting forestation method. The coastal saline and alkaline land rain season willow root cutting forestation method includes variety selection, forest land underground water level control, soil improvement, bed manufacture, plastic film mulching, forestation and management. Compared with the prior art, the coastal saline and alkaline land rain season willow root cutting forestation method has the advantages that rainfall is large and forestation land is small in saline and alkaline stress effect in a rain season, and therefore willows easily sprout and grow, and then the willows can grow to be 1m high after the rain season is finished, the forestation land can be effectively mulched through proper close planting, salt surface infiltration action of the forestation land is inhibited, the forestation in the rain season can effectively avoid influences of spring drought, the root cutting forestation in the rain season has obvious advantages for coastal beach forestation land with no fresh water irrigated, and additionally by using the root cutting forestation, cuttings are completely inserted into soil, water retaining capacity of wickers is strong, and willow forestation survival rate on the coastal saline and alkaline land is improved, and furthermore when the root cutting forestation is used, forestation material consumption is small, the root cutting wickers are quick to collect and transport, forestation cost is low, close joining of all forestation environments is facilitated, and forestation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to afforestation technology field, particularly a kind of coastal saline land willow in rainy season cutting forset-plantation method.
Background technology
Coastal saline land forest can utilize soil layer shallow, soil is barren, harden, poor air permeability, and soil salt content is higher, is subject to arid, waterflooding and typhoon influence simultaneously, lack irrigation conditions again, these unfavorable factors all can cause coastal saline-alkali soil forestation failure directly or indirectly.Therefore, coastal saline-alkali soil forestation is worldwide technological difficulties always.For breaking through " forbidden zone " of coastal saline-alkali soil forestation, Chinese scholars mainly carries out research of technique from the afforestation aspect such as Fruit variety, alkaline land improving technology.
1, afforestation Fruit variety
The seeds of China salt tolerant species choice research are relatively less and focus mostly in arbor species.Carry out correlative study or have the seeds of achievement in research to have the seeds such as willow, locust tree, metasequoia, willow, black pine, eucalyptus, diversiform-leaved poplar, swamp cypress, Chinese wax, Chinese scholar tree, mulberry tree, China tree and mangrove forest seeds.In the shrub species being suitable for coastal area afforestation, research report seldom, only after 2000, just starts to occur pertinent literature, as Zhong Chonglu (2000) propose horsetail beefwood will from kind, each level of provenance, family, clone carries out choice of tree species; Hao Jinbiao etc. (2004) analyze the barrier factors of 5 aspects of restriction Along The Coast of Shandong Province shelter forest choice of tree species, have been introduced respectively with regard to arbor available in Along The Coast of Shandong Province shelterbelt construction, shrub, herbaceous plant resource.
On the whole, over nearly 30 years, except Chinese tamarisk, the breeding of limited several seeds such as locust tree, American elm, China tree, middle mountain China fir can be only had at present at the material of Jiangsu Coastal saline land scale afforestation, be arbor.Arbor species tree height is large, root system is dark, and coastal difficulty effective soil layer is shallow, the available soil layer of forest is generally no more than 10 centimetres, and lower soil hardens, salinity is high, tree root can not stretch into, and this is the main cause that coastal difficulty arbor species are difficult to grow.Jiangsu forest-science academy 10 years of researches show, if do not adopt the engineering measure of high strength, in jiangsu coast 0.3% and above salt content on the spot, still do not have arbor species to grow at present.Can be the Silvicultural Engineering technology of high strength at present at the heavy salin-alkali land afforestation technology of coastal economic development zone application, high cost, high strength, the feature of environmental protection are poor, are unsuitable for scale afforestation and produce.
2, the afforestation advantage of shrub willow
Shrub seeds due to very shallow, the horizontal fibrous root of root system flourishing, can compact planting, within 1 year, get final product closing.Some have larger biomass in unit area than arbor species as shrub seeds such as willows, and root system, shoot and leaf growth amount accounting are large simultaneously, and nutrition is returned many.And the feature that shrub nutrition return amount is large and closing are fast can suppress soil water evaporation and salt submeter to ooze, promote soil melioration, be conducive to the benign cycle that formation soil melioration and shrub grow.These features all determine shrub tree kind and have significant superiority coastal difficulty afforestation than arbor class seeds.
In addition, shrub willow can be gathered in by stump, and growth cycle is short, the Management of forest stand cycle flexible, and rotation can from 1 year to 3 years.Effectively can evade the harm effectively can resisting coastal sporadic serious natural calamity.
3, salt reduction is improved the soil measure
The saline land salt reduction that hydraulician commonly uses is improved the soil measure, and the main purpose adopting river construction measure controls subterranean water level.The technology mode that salt reduction river construction generally takes circumlittoral agriculture " dry, bucket, hair " supporting, for preventing salt solution from pouring in down a chimney, needs configuration forced-ventilated facility.Because fine-root is dark, growth cycle is long, therefore, the Standard General of coastal forestry river construction should higher than agriculture standard.For arbor species, need subterranean water level be controlled below 1 meter; For shrub species, subterranean water level needs to control below 0.6 meter.
In the area not having fresh water irrigation, drench salt, the cofferdam retaining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching mainly through natural precipitation, and reduce soil salt concentration by pressing down salt measure.Alkalize because soil can decline along with salinity, generally need the materials such as application of organic fertilizers, acidic fertilizier and phosphate fertilizer to fall alkali.The U.S. and Australian scholar's research show, add calcareous material, can reduce alkali-affected soil basicity, adopt gypsum improvement alkaline earth to be applied at present.Industrial waste also can be used for improveing saline land on a large scale, and domestic report utilizes ardealite, citric acid waste, desulfurated plaster and Methane fermented sludge, natural pond liquid etc. to improve alkaline earth, has remarkable effect.
Living beings ameliorative measure can be played increases soil fertility and microorganism, improves soil structure, suppresses the multi-effects such as soil water evaporation, is conducive to realizing the benign cycle of Agroforestry ecosystem under salt marsh environment.Conventional living beings ameliorative measure is used barnyard manure, straw-returning and green manuring plant and is turned over and foster and apply fertilizer, and wherein green manuring is both economical, effective ameliorative measure, and conventional salt tolerant green manure plant mainly contains clover, sesbania, cotton, corn etc.The range of application that green manure is improved the soil is subject to the restriction of plant self to saline and alkaline, flooded stain and drought tolerance ability.
4, saline-alkali soil forestation technical measures
Mainly around keeping away, salt, soil moisture conservation, raising standing forest are drought-resistant, salt tolerant, barren-resistant ability are carried out for coastal saline-alkali soil forestation technical measures.Applying morely has Afforestation by lifting the field, the ridging of surface planting height, plastic mulching and rhizosphere to cover the technology such as pressure salt.These technology have certain pouring salt in a short time every salt effect, for the arbor species of long period growth, owing to ignoring the very long feature of the dark root of forest, growth cycle, fundamentally cannot change the growing environment of trees, if not with other technologies Integrated predict model, after general 3 or five years, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil of lower soil, tree growth is weak or dead, and arbor is also subject to sea wind to be affected and wind-fall.But be applicable to the shrub species of shallow plowing class.
Prior art every square metre cost of forestation is between 120 yuan to 200 yuan, scale afforestation cannot be used for produce, covered conduit engineering planting site needs to introduce the heterogeneous hard-degraded substances such as a large amount of sandstone, plastic tube, and forest cannot form intact ecocystem with lower soil; Although can every salt, even if but after the nature of lower soil from now on salt reduction, fine-root also cannot absorb moisture and nutrition from underground, and standing forest needs regularly to water, otherwise is easily subject to drought stress, existing engineering is owing to laying after salt deposit, the growth soil layer of forest only has about 60cm, and have influence on the Seedling height of megaphanerophyte in the future, prior art is due to layer of plants " earth-free gas ", need more irrigation to manage and protect cost after afforestation, and do not have the place of irrigation conditions to apply.
Coastal area is poor for the regional production condition and natural environment of building the ecological forest, does not have irrigation conditions; And Littoral Jiangsu Province is distributed in July and August rainy season, spring can run into arid often, and this feature is the easily failed one of the main reasons of coastal area afforestation.
Willow happiness water, transpiration rate is large, and water consumption is fast.When adopting tree planting, under the condition of water not having fresh water or water not in time, afforestation nursery stock is easy to forfeiture moisture.Therefore, afforestation is common to willow afforestation spike top phenomenon in producing, and coastal area is particularly evident.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve prior art problem deficiency and provide a kind of improve coastal saline land willow survival rate, significantly reduce strongly salined soil afforestation cost, closing of crop rapidly, grow neat coastal saline land willow in rainy season cutting forset-plantation method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention implements according to following technical scheme:
A kind of coastal saline land willow in rainy season cutting forset-plantation method, comprises the following steps:
1) Fruit variety: select the one in shrub Liu Suliu 52-2, Su Liu 2345 and arbor Liu Suliu 1011 or Su Liu 1010 or other Salt And Alkali Tolerance fast-growing willow kinds;
2) forest land subterranean water level control: for need afforestation plot, drainage system inside and outside through forest land, shrub kind afforestation time subterranean water level control less than 0.6 meter, arbor kind afforest time subterranean water level control below 1 meter;
3) soil melioration: 1 year in advance starts soil melioration, uses the cow dung of fresh weight more than 8 tons, fertilizer more than 2 tons in mid-November, the 1st, plough deeply 40 centimetres, next year plantation Trifolium repense 6 kgs/acre, executes 30 kilograms of superphosphate; Plough deeply May bury, leveling earth.
4) bed is made: before rainy season early July, taked high bed to afforest, planting site digs every 30 meters the drain ditch that 40 centimetres dark, 60 centimetres wide, and cutting bed bed surface is wide 1.2 meters, long 30 meters, digs 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres dark ditches between adjacent two, before making bed, use water-loss reducer 3 kgs/acre for every mu;
5) plastic mulching: build after bed completes, cover seedbed with the easy degradative plastic film of black;
6) afforest: mid-July, afforest when rainy season starts, plant bar with cutting with inserting, adopt the dry clip cuttings of one year seedling, top diameter more than 1 centimetre, long 15 centimetres and diameter and the long standard deviation of bar are no more than the cuttings cutting forset-plantation of 10%, during cuttage, bud upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end is concordant with bed surface, every longitudinal cuttage 2 row (arbor kind cuttage 1 row), spacing in the rows 0.4 meter, line-spacing is not less than 1.0 meters, with the damaged mouth of fine earth compacting mulch film after afforestation, especially the damaged mouth of cuttings and shoot root portion mulch film of planting, the cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks is covered between last line,
7) manage: after cutting forset-plantation, after 3 to 5 days willow germinate, push straw after germination in time aside, make not affect seedling growth, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, weeds germinating time, with small-sized machine in the ranks rotary tillage loosen the soil and weeding.After after-culture in the end of the year is short of seedling, whole stump.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, rainfall in rainy season is many, planting site Saline Alkali Stress effect is little, and willow is easy to germinating growth, and after Withdrawal, willow can grow into height 1 meter, by rational close planted, effectively can cover forest land, suppresses forest land salt submeter to ooze effect;
2, Raining season wooding, effectively can evade the impact of spring drought, and for the planting site watered without fresh water, rainy season, cutting forset-plantation advantage was obvious especially.In addition, adopt cutting forset-plantation, cutting is inserted in soil completely, and the water retention capacity of wicker is stronger, improves coastal saline land willow survival rate;
3, take cutting forset-plantation, consume afforestation material few, plant bar collection, transportation is fast, the low and tight linking of each environment of being convenient to afforest of cost of forestation, improves afforestation efficiency.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, is used for explaining the present invention in this illustrative examples of inventing and explanation, but not as a limitation of the invention.
A kind of saline land willow in rainy season cutting forset-plantation method, comprises the following steps:
1) Fruit variety: select the one in shrub Liu Suliu 52-2, Su Liu 2345 and arbor Liu Suliu 1011 or Su Liu 1010 or other Salt And Alkali Tolerance fast-growing willow kinds;
2) forest land subterranean water level control: for need afforestation plot, drainage system inside and outside through forest land, shrub kind afforestation time subterranean water level control less than 0.6 meter, arbor kind afforest time subterranean water level control below 1 meter;
3) soil melioration: 1 year in advance starts soil melioration, uses the cow dung of fresh weight more than 8 tons, fertilizer more than 2 tons in mid-November, the 1st, plough deeply 40 centimetres, next year plantation Trifolium repense 6 kgs/acre, executes 30 kilograms of superphosphate; Plough deeply May bury, leveling earth;
4) bed is made: before rainy season early July, taked high bed to afforest, planting site digs every 30 meters the drain ditch that 40 centimetres dark, 60 centimetres wide, and cutting bed bed surface is wide 1.2 meters, long 30 meters, digs 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres dark ditches between adjacent two, before making bed, use water-loss reducer 3 kgs/acre for every mu;
5) plastic mulching: build after bed completes, cover seedbed with the easy degradative plastic film of black;
6) afforest: mid-July, afforest when rainy season starts, plant bar with cutting with inserting, adopt the dry clip cuttings of one year seedling, top diameter more than 1 centimetre, long 15 centimetres and diameter and the long standard deviation of bar are no more than the cuttings cutting forset-plantation of 10%, during cuttage, bud upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end be concordant with bed surface, every longitudinal cuttage two row, spacing in the rows 0.4 meter, line-spacing is not less than 1.0 meters, with the damaged mouth of fine earth compacting mulch film after afforestation, especially the damaged mouth of cuttings and shoot root portion mulch film of planting, covers the cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks between last line;
7) manage: after tree planting, after 3 to 5 days willow germinate, push straw after germination in time aside, make not affect seedling growth, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, weeds germinating time, with small-sized machine in the ranks rotary tillage loosen the soil and weeding.After after-culture in the end of the year is short of seedling, whole stump.
In order to verify feasibility of the present invention, 2009,2010 and 2011 the coastal salt content more than 0.5% in Cao Miao town, Yancheng City Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province strongly salined soil on the spot, adopt the present invention build respectively 60 mu, shrub osiery, 20 mu and 40 mu, afforest 4000 plants/acre for every mu, willow survival rate reaches 85%, 93% and 95% respectively, height of seedling reaches 0.9 meter, 1.3 meters and 1.2 meters respectively then, average leading thread 1.0 centimetres to 1.4 centimetres, afforestation next year standing forest complete canopy, has exceeded the relevant criterion of national ecological public welfare forests.
Technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the restriction of above-mentioned specific embodiment, the technology distortion that every technical scheme according to the present invention is made, and all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. coastal saline land willow in a rainy season cutting forset-plantation method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) Fruit variety: select the one in shrub Liu Suliu 52-2, Su Liu 2345 and arbor Liu Suliu 1011 or Su Liu 1010 or other Salt And Alkali Tolerance fast-growing willow kinds;
2) forest land subterranean water level controls: for the plot needing afforestation, drainage system inside and outside through forest land, and under shrub kind planting site, water lev el control is below 0.6 meter, and under arbor kind planting site, water lev el control is below 1 meter;
3) soil melioration: 1 year in advance starts soil melioration, uses the cow dung of fresh weight more than 8 tons, fertilizer more than 2 tons in mid-November, the 1st, plough deeply 40 centimetres, next year plantation Trifolium repense 6 kgs/acre, executes 30 kilograms of superphosphate; Plough deeply May bury, leveling earth;
4) bed is made: before rainy season early July, taked high bed to afforest, planting site digs every 30 meters the drain ditch that 40 centimetres dark, 60 centimetres wide, and cutting bed bed surface is wide 1.2 meters, long 30 meters, digs 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres dark ditches between adjacent two, before making bed, use water-loss reducer 3 kgs/acre for every mu;
5) plastic mulching: build after bed completes, cover seedbed with the easy degradative plastic film of black;
6) afforest: afforest when mid-July, rainy season started, the cuttage when rainy season starts, adopt the dry clip cuttings of one year seedling, plant bar with cutting with inserting, kind of bar is cut into top diameter more than 1 centimetre, grow 15 centimetres and diameter and the long standard deviation of bar be no more than 10% cuttings cutting forset-plantation, during cuttage, bud upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end be concordant with bed surface, every longitudinal cuttage two row, spacing in the rows 0.4 meter, line-spacing is not less than 1.0 meters, with the damaged mouth of fine earth compacting mulch film after afforestation, between last line, cover the cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks;
7) manage: after cutting forset-plantation, after 3 to 5 days willow germinate, push straw after germination in time aside, make not affect seedling growth, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, weeds germinating time, with small-sized machine in the ranks rotary tillage loosen the soil and weeding, after after-culture in the end of the year is short of seedling, whole stump.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105638199A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Method for increasing afforestation survival rate of quick growing tree species in coastal saline-alkali land through catchment, salt leaching and water retention |
| CN110754230A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-07 | 南京林业大学 | Simple cutting seedling raising method for high-yield forest of salix dustpan |
| CN111492876A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-08-07 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Forest and grass optimal configuration method for repairing middle and young degraded protection forest in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115088577A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105638199A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Method for increasing afforestation survival rate of quick growing tree species in coastal saline-alkali land through catchment, salt leaching and water retention |
| CN110754230A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-07 | 南京林业大学 | Simple cutting seedling raising method for high-yield forest of salix dustpan |
| CN111492876A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-08-07 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Forest and grass optimal configuration method for repairing middle and young degraded protection forest in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115088577A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil |
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