CN115088577A - Mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115088577A CN115088577A CN202210844184.4A CN202210844184A CN115088577A CN 115088577 A CN115088577 A CN 115088577A CN 202210844184 A CN202210844184 A CN 202210844184A CN 115088577 A CN115088577 A CN 115088577A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000058281 Ulmus pumila Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000001547 Ulmus pumila Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000057114 Sapium sebiferum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005128 Sapium sebiferum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241001149163 Ulmus americana Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000130592 Hibiscus syriacus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000018081 Hibiscus syriacus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000721662 Juniperus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000161 Lagerstroemia indica Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001299699 Idesia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241001116459 Sequoia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil, which relates to the technical field of plant afforestation, and the whole process of the afforestation method is mechanically operated, and the method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of terraces, forming shallow trenches on two sides of each terrace, forming planting ponds on the terraces, paving biological salt isolation materials and biological organic fertilizers in the ponds in sequence, and then planting seedlings. Compared with a comparative example, the mechanical Taitian afforestation method for the coastal beach saline-alkali land has the advantages that the Chinese tallow preservation rate is improved by 1.4 times, the average height is improved by 0.29 times, and the average breast diameter is improved by 0.57 times; the preservation rate of the ulmus pumila is improved by 3.5 times, the average height is improved by 0.51 time, and the average breast diameter is improved by 0.44 time; the willow preservation rate is improved by 1.38 times, the average height is improved by 0.36 time, and the average diameter at breast height is improved by 0.44 time; the preservation rate of Mexican larch is improved by 0.89 times, the average height is improved by 0.63 times, and the average breast diameter is improved by 0.33 times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant forestation, in particular to a mechanical Taitian forestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil.
Background
The coastal beach geology is mainly a muddy coast, and soil organic matters and inorganic nutrients are deficient under the long-term scouring and leaching actions of rivers, seawater and rainwater in the formation process of beach silted soil; meanwhile, because the underground water system and the seawater are mutually infiltrated, the salt content of the soil is high (0.3-0.8%), the soil is frequently invaded by sea wind and salt fog, the soil is suitable for few species of living trees, and the forestation and forestation are extremely difficult.
The Chinese patent application CN201811266715.6 describes a method for afforestation in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil terrace, which comprises the following steps: A. arranging a plurality of terraces in a coastal heavy saline-alkali field, and planting seedlings on the terraces; B. a salt separation layer is paved on the lower surface of the terrace, and a film is coated on the surface of the terrace; C. the height of the terrace is 1-1.5 m, the longitudinal section of the terrace is trapezoidal, the width of the upper bottom of the trapezoid is 8-13 m, and the width of the lower bottom of the trapezoid is 15-22 m; D. the distance between every two adjacent terrace fields is 14-25 m; E. the salt-separating material for the salt-separating layer is straw; the thickness of the salt isolation layer is 7-12 cm; F. the nursery stock comprises sequoia intermedia, lagerstroemia indica, hibiscus syriacus, juniper and virginia oak, wherein the idesia intermedia is planted on the upper surface of a terrace, the lagerstroemia indica, the hibiscus syriacus, the juniper and the virginia oak are planted on a slope of the terrace, and the plant-row spacing of the nursery stock is 3m multiplied by 4 m. The key of the success of the coastal beach afforestation lies in whether the nursery stock can survive in the early stage of afforestation, thereby maintaining the normal growth and development. Although the method of the patent can improve the survival rate and the preservation rate of the forest, the engineering cost is extremely high, the ecological environment of the soil taking area is damaged, and the underground ecological isolation of the forestation land is caused; and the sustainability is poor, and the later-period tending cost is high.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a method for forestation of coastal beach saline-alkali soil with high efficiency, low cost and remarkable effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for mechanical terrace afforestation on coastal saline-alkali soil, which can realize whole-course mechanical and large-scale operation, has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, obvious effect and the like, accelerates the salt leaching speed of the terrace soil, quickly reduces the salt content of the soil, greatly improves the afforestation survival rate and the preservation rate, simultaneously reduces the tending cost of forest stand, and improves the ecological and economic benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps of: arranging a plurality of terraces, forming shallow trenches on two sides of each terrace, forming planting ponds on the terraces, paving biological salt isolation materials and biological organic fertilizers in the ponds in sequence, and then planting seedlings.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the terrace is trapezoidal, the upper bottom width of the trapezoid is 0.7-1.1m, preferably 0.8-1m, and more preferably 0.9 m; the lower base width is 1.8-2.2m, preferably 1.9-2.1m, more preferably 2 m; the height is 0.4-0.8m, preferably 0.5-0.7m, more preferably 0.6m, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent terraces is 4 m.
More preferably, the gradient of the terrace is 45 °.
Preferably, the shallow trench is 20cm deep and 30cm wide.
Preferably, the diameter of the planting pond is 30-40cm, the depth of the planting pond is 40cm, and the distance between the two planting ponds is 3 m.
Preferably, the biological salt-separating material is wood chips, and the thickness of the wood chips in the pond is 1-2 cm. More preferably, the wood chips are willow wood chips.
Preferably, the biological organic fertilizer is commercial chicken manure on a farm, and the thickness of the added amount of the biological organic fertilizer in the pond is 1-2 cm.
Preferably, the nursery stock comprises Chinese tallow tree, white elm, willow or Mexican larch. The diameter of the seedling is 2-3cm, the height is 2-4m, the root system is complete, and the seedling is provided with soil balls.
More preferably, the diameter of the soil ball of the seedling is more than or equal to 8 times of the breast diameter or 7 times of the ground diameter of the seedling.
More preferably, the nursery stock is pruned to reduce transpiration.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of cleaning shallow trenches on two sides of the terrace before the rainy season comes. Is beneficial to smooth drainage and quickens the salt leaching speed.
Preferably, pest control and tending management is also included.
According to the technical scheme, the mechanical terrace afforestation method for the coastal saline-alkali soil is provided, the whole process is mechanically operated, the measures of making ridges on the terrace are utilized, the mechanical afforestation method has the advantages of high salt leaching speed, good effect, difficulty in salt return and the like, the afforestation survival rate and the storage rate are greatly improved, the normal growth of the seedlings in the later period is ensured, and the ecological and economic benefits are improved. In the embodiment of the invention, the preservation rate after 3 years of planting reaches 70-98%, which is improved by 1.5 times compared with the comparative example.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a terrace;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a terrace design;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of mechanical ridging;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical pond opening;
FIG. 5 is a view of the beginning of forestation;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the later stage of forestation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps of: arranging a plurality of terraces, forming shallow trenches on two sides of each terrace, forming planting ponds on the terraces, paving biological salt isolation materials and biological organic fertilizers in the ponds in sequence, and then planting seedlings.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the terrace is trapezoidal, the upper bottom width of the trapezoid is 0.7-1.1m, preferably 0.8-1m, and more preferably 0.9 m; the lower base width is 1.8-2.2m, preferably 1.9-2.1m, more preferably 2 m; the height is 0.4-0.8m, preferably 0.5-0.7m, more preferably 0.6m, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent terraces is 4 m.
More preferably, the gradient of the terrace is 45 °.
Preferably, the shallow trench is 20cm deep and 30cm wide.
Preferably, the diameter of the planting pond is 30-40cm, the depth of the planting pond is 40cm, and the distance between the two planting ponds is 3 m.
Preferably, the biological salt-separating material is wood chips, and the thickness of the wood chips in the pond is 1-2 cm. More preferably, the wood chips are willow wood chips.
Preferably, the biological organic fertilizer is commercial chicken manure on a farm, and the thickness of the added amount of the biological organic fertilizer in the pond is 1-2 cm.
Preferably, the nursery stock comprises Chinese tallow tree, white elm, willow or Mexican larch. The diameter of the seedling is 2-3cm, the height is 2-4m, the root system is complete, and the seedling is provided with soil balls.
More preferably, the diameter of the soil ball of the seedling is more than or equal to 8 times of the breast diameter or 7 times of the ground diameter of the seedling.
More preferably, the nursery stock is pruned to reduce transpiration.
Preferably, the method also comprises cleaning shallow trenches on two sides of the terrace before the rainy season comes. Is beneficial to smooth drainage and quickens the salt leaching speed.
Preferably, pest control and tending management are also included.
Example 2
According to the embodiment 1, in a test area of an east-tai base (a new river farm 4 area) of a coastal protection forest test station of Jiangsu province forestry scientific research institute in salt cities of Jiangsu province in spring, the land in the area is firstly rotary-tilled by using a tractor, then the land is arranged by using a large-sized professional tractor, and the land is pressed twice, so that the land is not easy to collapse (see attached figure 1).
The longitudinal section of the terrace is trapezoidal, the height is 0.6m, the upper bottom width is 0.9m, and the lower bottom width is 2 m. The distance between the centers of two adjacent terraces is 4m, shallow trenches with the depth of 20cm and the width of 30cm are formed on the two sides of the two adjacent terraces, and finally, a matched machine is used for forming a pond on the terrace, wherein the diameter of the pond is 30-40cm, and the depth of the pond is 40cm (see the attached figure 2).
Spreading willow chips 1-2cm and organic fertilizer 1-2cm successively in the pond of Taitian, planting Chinese tallow tree, white elm, willow, Mexican larch (with soil ball) at plant-row spacing of 3m × 4m, wherein the rice diameter of Chinese tallow tree, white elm, willow, Mexican larch is 2-3cm, and the height is 2-4m (see figure 3).
Before a rainy season comes, shallow trenches on two sides of the terrace are cleaned, smooth drainage is guaranteed, and the salt leaching speed is accelerated.
After 3 years of conventional management, the storage rate and the growth amount of 4 tree species are investigated and observed, and the investigation and observation results are shown in table 1; meanwhile, the soil conditions of the beach saline-alkali soil are detected, and the results are shown in the table 2; statistics were made on afforestation efficiency and cost, and the results are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 1
The conditions were the same as in example 2 except that no terrace was provided, and after 3 years of ordinary management, the storage rates and growth amounts of 4 tree species were investigated and observed, and the results of the investigation and observation are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of forest tree preservation rate and growth amount after 3 years of saline-alkali soil afforestation
Compared with a comparative example, the mechanical Taitian afforestation method for the coastal beach saline-alkali land has the advantages that the Chinese tallow preservation rate is improved by 1.4 times, the average height is improved by 0.29 times, and the average breast diameter is improved by 0.57 times; the preservation rate of the ulmus pumila is improved by 3.5 times, the average height is improved by 0.51 time, and the average breast diameter is improved by 0.44 time; the willow preservation rate is improved by 1.38 times, the average height is improved by 0.36 time, and the average diameter at breast height is improved by 0.44 time; the preservation rate of Mexican larch is improved by 0.89 times, the average height is improved by 0.63 times, and the average diameter at breast height is improved by 0.33 times. Meanwhile, under the dual action of natural factors such as the afforestation of the platform field and rainfall, the soil condition of the afforestation position of the platform field can meet the normal growth requirement of the nursery stock.
TABLE 2 comparison of moisture, pH, organic matter, salt content and salt reduction rate between field and non-field
Soil salt reduction rate (%) [ (control salt-mulching treatment salt)/control salt ] × 100
TABLE 3 comparison of cost, benefit and application range of different forestation methods
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of carrying out whole-process mechanical operation: arranging a plurality of terraces, forming shallow trenches on two sides of each terrace, forming planting ponds on the terraces, paving biological salt isolation materials and biological organic fertilizers in the ponds in sequence, and then planting seedlings.
2. The mechanical terrace forestation method for the coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal section of the terrace is trapezoid, the upper base width of the trapezoid is 0.7 to 1.1m, preferably 0.8 to 1m, and more preferably 0.9 m; the lower base width is 1.8-2.2m, preferably 1.9-2.1m, more preferably 2 m; the height is 0.4-0.8m, preferably 0.5-0.7m, more preferably 0.6m, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent terraces is 4 m.
3. The mechanical terrace afforestation method for the coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the shallow trench is 20cm deep and 30cm wide.
4. The mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the planting pond is 30-40cm, the depth is 40cm, and the distance between the two planting ponds is 3 m.
5. The mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the biological salt isolation material is wood chips, and the thickness of the wood chips in the pond is 1-2 cm.
6. The mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is chicken manure commercialized in farms, and the thickness of the added amount of the bio-organic fertilizer in the pond is 1-2 cm.
7. The mechanical bench-land afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, wherein said nursery stock comprises Sapium sebiferum, Ulmus pumila, willow or Mexican larch.
8. The mechanical bench-land afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the seedling is 2-3cm, the height is 2-4m, the root system is complete and the seedling is provided with soil balls.
9. The mechanical terrace afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, further comprising cleaning shallow trenches on two sides of the terrace before a rainy season comes.
10. The mechanized bench-land afforestation method for the coastal beach saline-alkali land according to claim 1, further comprising pest control and tending management.
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| CN202210844184.4A CN115088577A (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil |
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| CN202210844184.4A CN115088577A (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil |
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| CN105638199A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Method for increasing afforestation survival rate of quick growing tree species in coastal saline-alkali land through catchment, salt leaching and water retention |
| CN205546683U (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-09-07 | 佛山市顺德区顺茵绿化设计工程有限公司 | Saline and alkaline land protection type arbor kind plant hole structure |
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| CN107318447A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The tall shrub implantation methods of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation |
| CN109197349A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-15 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore raised fields method of forestation |
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2022
- 2022-07-18 CN CN202210844184.4A patent/CN115088577A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101485275A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2009-07-22 | 北京林业大学 | Sylvicultural method on argillaceous saline soil |
| CN102812843A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2012-12-12 | 滨州学院 | Comprehensive matching technology for constructing road shelter forests in heavy saline-alkali soil sections of coastal areas |
| CN104904556A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-09-16 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Coastal saline and alkaline land rain season willow root cutting forestation method |
| CN105393893A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-16 | 台州市椒江区林业特产总站 | Constructing and building method for non-suitable-for-forestry new diked tidal flat coast protection forest backbone shelterbelt |
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