CN108124567B - Intensive fertilization method for fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well - Google Patents
Intensive fertilization method for fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well Download PDFInfo
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- CN108124567B CN108124567B CN201810064505.2A CN201810064505A CN108124567B CN 108124567 B CN108124567 B CN 108124567B CN 201810064505 A CN201810064505 A CN 201810064505A CN 108124567 B CN108124567 B CN 108124567B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intensive fertilization method for a fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well, which is characterized in that an intensive fertilization device for the nutrition well is arranged according to the plant spacing of the fruit tree: when the fixed planting distance of the fruit trees is less than 2 meters, the fixed planting distance is arranged at the center point between two plants in the fruit tree row; when the planting distance is more than 2 meters, the orthographic projection edge of each fruit tree crown is arranged in the fruit tree planting row. Digging a locating pit at the selected set point, so that the depth of the locating pit is slightly smaller than the height of the well body of the nutrition well; spreading a layer of gauze at the bottom of the positioning pit, placing a nutrition well body on the gauze, filling fertilizer into the well body, and covering a well cover; organic fertilizer is filled in the well body, and quick-acting fertilizer is supplemented according to the size of the tree body, the fertilization time and the soil fertility characteristics; the invention can reduce the fertilization times, improve the fertilizer utilization rate, prolong the fertilizer efficiency duration and reduce the total fertilizer consumption; increase the buffer capacity of the fertilizer, keep the water and reduce the volatilization loss of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intensive fertilization method for a fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well, and belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation.
Background
Fertilization has been one of the important cultivation measures in fruit tree cultivation. At present, small-scale planters still adopt traditional fertilization methods such as broadcast fertilization, buried fertilization and the like. In order to improve the yield, farmers blindly increase the consumption of the fertilizer, thereby causing low fertilizer utilization rate, worsening of physical and chemical properties of soil, acidification hardening, even leakage of the unutilized part into nearby rivers and lakes, and potential threat of promoting eutrophication of water bodies. Along with the continuous increase of labor cost and the aging of people engaged in agricultural production, the traditional fertilization needs to consume a great deal of time, material resources and financial resources.
Although the water and fertilizer integration is more accurate and convenient, the water and fertilizer integration system is not suitable for small-scale planters which still occupy the main body at present, scattered planters have scattered planting lands, different terrains, water supply pipelines cannot be configured in a connecting mode, and foreign farm water and fertilizer integration systems are difficult to push. Therefore, a fertilizing method with low cost, good effect, durable nutrient supply and labor saving is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intensive fertilization method for a fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well, which aims to solve the problems of time and labor waste, low fertilizer utilization rate and high fertilization times of the traditional fertilization method.
The intensive fertilization method for the fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well comprises the following steps:
1) Setting up intensive fertilizer injection unit of nutrition well:
the intensive fertilizer injection unit of nutrition well is set up according to the plant spacing of fruit tree: when the fixed planting distance of the fruit trees is less than 2 meters, the fixed planting distance is arranged at the center point between two plants in the fruit tree row; when the planting distance is more than 2 meters, the orthographic projection edge of each fruit tree crown is arranged in the fruit tree planting row. Digging a locating pit at the selected set point, so that the depth of the locating pit is slightly smaller than the height of the well body of the nutrition well; a layer of gauze is laid on the bottom of the positioning pit, a nutrition well body is placed on the gauze, and a well cover is covered after the well body is filled with fertilizer, so that the top of the well cover is slightly higher than the ground level, and the later fertilization supplementing operation is facilitated. The nutrition well is prevented from being arranged between planting rows, and agronomic operations such as intertillage, autumn turning and mowing are prevented from being hindered.
The intensive fertilizing device for the nutrition wells comprises a well body, a well cover and a gauze; the well body is cylindrical and has a height of 200-300mm; diamond-shaped ventilation holes are uniformly formed in the well lid, and bearing points are arranged on the crossing nodes of the ventilation holes; the well lid can be movably clamped at the top of the container main body; the bottom of the well cover is provided with 1 layer of gauze; spreading a layer of gauze at the bottom of the well body, wherein the mesh number of the gauze is 30-50 mesh; a fertilizer is placed in the well body; leakage holes are uniformly formed in the circumference of the well body, which is 150-200mm high from the bottom of the well body, so that fertilizer in the well body can be contacted with soil outside the well body, and fertilizer efficiency can be conveniently exerted by the fertilizer.
The volume of the well body is more than or equal to 10L.
2) Preparing fertilizer in nutrition well
Different fertilizer proportions (which can be determined according to the prior art) are selected according to different ages of the fruit trees, and the proportions of the organic fertilizer, N, P, K and trace elements are reasonably configured. The well body is mainly filled with organic fertilizer, and quick-acting fertilizer is supplemented according to the size of the tree body, the fertilization time and the soil fertility characteristics; the supplementing amount of the quick-acting fertilizer is reduced by 1/3-1/4 (weight ratio) than that of the quick-acting fertilizer used in the conventional fertilization mode.
3) Leak-through nutrition well content supplement
According to the growth and precipitation conditions of the tree body, the fertilizer in the nutrition well is supplemented 2-3 times per year. The number of times of young tree period is small, the number of times after fruit tree fruiting is large, and quick-acting fertilizer is only supplemented generally; timely filling when the organic fertilizer is obviously reduced; and opening the well cover during filling, and placing the fertilizer into the well body.
The invention has the technical beneficial effects that
1. The fertilization times are reduced, the fertilization labor is reduced, and the manpower and material resources are saved;
2. the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the fertilizer efficiency duration is long, and the total fertilizer consumption is reduced;
3. the physical and chemical property deterioration of soil is reduced, and the enrichment pollution of fertilizer is reduced.
4. Can increase the buffering capacity of the fertilizer, keep the storage of precipitation and reduce the volatilization loss of the fertilizer.
5. The root system is protected, and the mechanical damage caused by fertilization can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fertilizer applicator;
in fig. 1: the A diagram is a well lid structure diagram; b is a well body structure diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the location of the leak-through nutrition well arrangement;
in FIG. 2, 75cm is the distance between two fruit trees planted in a designated manner and the center point of the plant distance when the plant distance between one fruit tree and the center point is 150 cm; 25cm refers to the height of the well and the diameter of the well; 5cm means the height of the well body without penetrating holes.
In the figure: 1. the fertilizer applicator cover 2 is provided with bearing points 3, ventilation holes 4 and a well body 5.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
According to the method, the nutrition wells with A, B, C three types of leak holes are arranged according to different numbers of leak holes, and the number of the leak holes is increased in sequence. The control group is not provided with a nutrition well, and a common method of digging a radiation ditch and burying and applying fertilizer is adopted. The experimental land is an apple garden with row spacing of 4m 1.5m after two years of planting. Experiments were started in the spring of 2017.
1. Manufacturing of leak-proof nutrition well
The nutrition well comprises a round tube with the diameter of 250mm and the height of 200-300mm, and the circumference of the well body with the lowest end of the self-nutrition well being 150-200mm upwards is uniformly provided with the leak-through holes with the diameter of 8mm according to requirements. The nutrition well lid holes are diamond-shaped, and bearing points can be added on the crossing nodes; the bottom of the nutrition well cover is provided with 1-2 layers of 30-mesh common insect-proof gauze to prevent sundries from entering the inside of the nutrition well to block the leak holes.
Four processes in this embodiment, in which: 4 rows of leak-through holes are arranged on the well body of the nutrition well in the treatment A; in the treatment B, 6 rows of leak-through holes are arranged on the well body of the nutrition well; and 8 rows of leak-through holes are arranged on the well body of the nutrition well in the treatment C. CK is a control group, the control group is not provided with a nutrition well, and fertilization is carried out according to a conventional radiation ditch burying fertilization method.
2. Placement of leak-through nutrition wells
The nutrition wells are arranged between two apple trees and are 0.75m away from each apple tree, and the pit digging depth is based on the condition that the nutrition wells are slightly higher than the ground after being arranged; the fertilizer is placed in the nutrition well and is well arranged, the well cover is covered, rainfall or irrigation water automatically permeates into the fertilizer applicator, the fertilizer efficiency is durable, and the operation is convenient when the fertilizer is replaced in later period. In the embodiment, the fertilizer applied in each nutrition well is a seaweed fertilizer of 5kg+200g15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer dosage in each nutrition well is the same, and the control group is the same. A. B, C and Control (CK) were each set up with 8 trees, since the trees were less old and fertilizer was applied only once a year.
3. Effect of the invention
3.1 amount of New shoot growth
TABLE 1 analysis of the length (cm) of the shoots of treated apple trees
As can be seen from table 1. A. B, C treatment has no significant difference from CK, which shows that the invention is consistent with the traditional fertilization method in the aspect of young shoot growth; the later stage of the treatment C shows best, the later stage of the treatment A grows slowly, and the influence of the number of open pores on the release amount of the fertilizer is indicated, so that the open pores 6-8 act well.
3.2 chlorophyll content
TABLE 2 analysis of chlorophyll content (SPAD) of treated apple tree leaves
As can be seen from table 2. A. B, C treatment and CK have no significant difference, and C treatment performs best in the later period, which shows that the method has no obvious difference in leaf chlorophyll content and the nutrition well has better sustained release fertility compared with the traditional fertilization method.
3.3 photosynthesis
TABLE 3 photosynthesis Rate (umol/m 2/s) analysis of leaves of treated apple trees
As can be seen from table 3, A, B, C treatment was not significantly different from CK, and C treatment was better than A, B and CK during the three measurements. The invention has no obvious difference with the traditional fertilization method in photosynthesis of fruit trees, and the number of the release holes has a restriction effect on fertility.
Example 2 the present invention compares the cost of a conventional fertilization process.
The two methods of fertilizer use the same amount, do not count the fertilizer cost. Taking 10 years of use as an example, pvc pipes (250 mm. Times. 200 mm) average 7 yuan/day; the average number of the nutrition well covers is 3 yuan/one, the number of the nutrition well covers per mu is 120, and the total number is 10 x 120 = 1200 yuan. The first year has a labor cost of 600, and 100 yuan per year and a total of 2700 yuan per year. The traditional fertilization method has average annual cost of 750 yuan. The labor cost is not considered to rise, and the cost per mu of the nutrition well method is only 36% of that of the traditional fertilization method.
Claims (1)
1. The intensive fertilization method for the fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Intensive fertilizer injection unit of nutrition well is set up
The intensive fertilizer injection unit of nutrition well is set up according to the plant spacing of fruit tree: when the fixed planting distance of the fruit trees is less than 2 meters, the fixed planting distance is arranged at the center point between two plants in the fruit tree row; when the planting distance is more than 2 meters, the orthographic projection edge of the crown of each fruit tree is arranged in the fruit tree planting row; digging a locating pit at the selected set point, so that the depth of the locating pit is slightly smaller than the height of the well body of the nutrition well; a layer of gauze is laid on the bottom of the positioning pit, a nutrition well body is placed on the gauze, and a well cover is covered after fertilizer is filled in the well body, so that the top of the well cover is slightly higher than the ground level, and the later fertilization supplementing operation is facilitated; the volume of the well body is more than or equal to 10L; the intensive fertilizing device for the nutrition wells comprises a well body, a well cover and a gauze; the well body is cylindrical and has a height of 200-300mm; the well cover is of a diamond structure, and ventilation holes are uniformly formed in the well cover; the breather hole cross nodes are provided with bearing points; the well lid can be movably clamped at the top of the container main body; the bottom of the well cover is provided with 1 layer of gauze; the mesh number of the gauze is 30-50 mesh; a layer of gauze is paved at the bottom of the well body; a fertilizer is placed in the well body; leakage holes are uniformly formed in the circumference of the well body, which is 150-200mm high from the bottom of the well body; the intensive fertilizing device of the nutrition well is prevented from being arranged between planting rows so as to prevent the agronomic operations of intertillage, autumn turning and mowing from being hindered;
2) Preparing fertilizer in nutrition well
Determining the fertilizer ratio according to different ages of the fruit trees, and reasonably configuring the ratio of the organic fertilizer to N, P, K and trace elements; the well body is mainly filled with organic fertilizer, and quick-acting fertilizer is supplemented according to the size of the tree body, the fertilization time and the soil fertility characteristics; the supplementing amount of the quick-acting fertilizer is reduced by 1/3 to 1/4 of the weight ratio compared with that of the quick-acting fertilizer used in the conventional fertilization mode;
3) Leak-through nutrition well content supplement
According to the growth and precipitation conditions of the tree body, supplementing the fertilizer in the nutrition well for 2-3 times each year; the supplementing times of the young tree period are less, the supplementing times of the fruit tree after fruiting are more, and quick-acting fertilizer is generally only supplemented; timely filling when the organic fertilizer is obviously reduced; and opening the well cover during filling, and placing the fertilizer into the well body.
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| CN109006430A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of fertilizer apparatus and its application method |
| CN112832266A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-25 | 重庆交通大学 | Slope protection structure for slope ecological management |
| CN112832267A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-25 | 重庆交通大学 | Green ecological slope governance structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE3507219A1 (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1986-10-02 | Bracher, Hans, Dr., Solothurn | TREE AERATOR |
| CN2154587Y (en) * | 1993-04-06 | 1994-02-02 | 南京农业大学 | Fertilizer rod |
| US7407340B2 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2008-08-05 | Joe Don Byles | Modular, self contained, engineered irrigation landscape and flower bed panel |
| CN200944750Y (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2007-09-12 | 叶乃慈 | Device for supporting fertilizer |
| CN101213924B (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2010-11-03 | 东莞植物园 | Sweetening method for Taiwan green jujube fruit |
| JP3157622U (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2010-02-25 | 輝雄 升水 | Fertilizer container |
| KR101204714B1 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-11-26 | 김학기 | A Pipe for the Ground Improvement |
| CN101965794A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2011-02-09 | 崔洪涛 | Fertilizer moisture well |
| CN202680155U (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2013-01-23 | 天津市绿源环境景观工程有限公司 | Fertilizer apparatus for tree root |
| CN103340055A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 刘叶高 | Fertilizer application method executed by replacing fruit tree fertilizer with waste edible fungus material |
| CN103636335B (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2015-04-15 | 大连东芳果菜专业合作社 | Underground air-permeable isolation-type long-lasting fertilization device |
| CN105248023A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-20 | 黑龙江中农欣欣农业科技发展有限公司 | Fertilization rod and using method thereof |
| CN105519296A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-04-27 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Horticultural tree full-plow-layer stereo fertilization method |
| CN106538129A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-03-29 | 南通沪望塑料科技发展有限公司 | A kind of green plants fertilizer applicator |
| CN106883066A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-06-23 | 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 | A kind of chemical fertilizer subtracts the preparation of rod fertilizer and the application process for applying that collaboration organic fertilizer is enriched |
| CN206791271U (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-12-26 | 伊犁师范学院 | A kind of Wild fruit Prunus divaricata edaphon curing means |
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