CN105519296A - Horticultural tree full-plow-layer stereo fertilization method - Google Patents
Horticultural tree full-plow-layer stereo fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105519296A CN105519296A CN201610008946.1A CN201610008946A CN105519296A CN 105519296 A CN105519296 A CN 105519296A CN 201610008946 A CN201610008946 A CN 201610008946A CN 105519296 A CN105519296 A CN 105519296A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000001008 Dimocarpus longan Species 0.000 description 14
- 235000000235 Euphoria longan Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 241000219927 Eucalyptus Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a horticultural tree full-plow-layer stereo fertilization method. According to the method, fertilization holes are drilled around a tree-crown drip line of a horticultural tree; a PVC pipe is arranged in each fertilization hole; and a nutrient carrier material with loosening, ventilation, water retention and fertilizer retention functions, fertilizers needed for the tree, and water are applied into the fertilization holes together. Therefore, fertilizer nutrients can quickly spread into the nutrient carrier material in the hole in a condition with sufficient water, and nutrients can be continuously provided for tree roots at different soil layers. With the method, fertilizer utilization rate can be effectively improved; labor intensity can be reduced; environment pollution can be reduced; labor benefit can be improved; and fruit yield and quality can be improved. Also, farmer income increase, agricultural efficiency increase, rural development and city greening processes can be effectively promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, be specifically related to the three-dimensional fertilizer practice of the full topsoil of a kind of gardening trees and using method.
Background technology
Fruit and Nursery Stock are the mainstay industries of China's peasant economy income.China is the large fruit producing country of the first in the world.According to statistics, China's orchard sowing area in 2013 reaches 1113.95 ten thousand hm
2, fruit gross yield reaches 200,000,000 tons, occupies the first in the world; Within 2013, China's fruit favourable trade balance reaches 2,200,000,000 dollars.Meanwhile, along with the acceleration of China's Urbanization Construction process and the raising of living standards of the people, the people grow with each passing day to the demand that living environment is afforested, and afforestation industry is maked rapid progress, and development prospect is wide.
Current fertilizing method mainly contain spread fertilizer over the fields, ditch spread and spreading manuer in holes.Afforestation band soil layer is more shallow, quality is hard, chad is more, adopt ditch (cave) fertilizing method difficulty large, labor cost is high, nutrient is easily fixed, high concentration nutrient is easily burnt root system of plant, occurs burning seedling phenomenon, and easily cuts off the horizontal root system of trees time ditching (cave), fertilising scope is less, easily makes root system floats on topsoil; Although spread fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer is laborsaving to save time, and easily makes root system shoal, and reduce the anti-adversity ability of trees, and utilization rate of fertilizer is very low, fertilizer efficiency is poor.Difficult or the fertilizer efficiency of conventional fertilizer application is not high is hinder ornamental trees and shrubs to survive at present and a great problem of normal growth.Therefore, be necessary to further investigate a kind of trees novel fertilizer application technology further, improve utilization rate of fertilizer to reach, reduce labor intensity, reduce the object of environmental pollution and increase labour efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the three-dimensional fertilizing method of the full topsoil of a kind of gardening trees, application the method can not only effectively improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces labor intensity, reduces environmental pollution, increase labour efficiency, also be expected to improve fruit output and quality, effectively can promote the process of increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency, rural development and urban afforestation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The three-dimensional fertilizing method of the full topsoil of a kind of gardening trees, it specifically comprises the following steps:
1) use " hammering of movable hand shank type pressurization get into the cave sampling instrument (CN203249790U) " evenly to drill through 3 ~ 6 fertilising holes along the tree crown drip of gardening trees on the ground, the dark 20 ~ 60cm in hole, interior diameter is 5 ~ 8cm;
2) in fertilising hole, installation one is long is 8cm, interior diameter is the pvc pipe of 5 ~ 8cm, make the buried length of pvc pipe be 5cm, ground length is 3cm, and ground pvc pipe is provided with mouthpiece cover at mouth of pipe place, to prevent the native hole blocking of applying fertilizer of table of loosening, and be convenient to fertilising use;
3) open mouthpiece cover, fill Nutrient carrier material (CN103508789B) the extremely distance ground 5cm with loosen ventilative and preserve moisture and fertility function wherein;
4) fertilizer used needed for trees is applied by fertilising hole quantity mean allocation, and weight of fertilizer 5-10 water is doubly added in fertilising hole, then mouthpiece cover is covered, under the condition of moisture abundance, fertilizer nutrient is diffused into rapidly in the Nutrient carrier material in hole, and constantly for the root system of trees different soil provides nutrient.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
(1) easy to operate, the dart transfer of the inventive method, can realize " once get into the cave, repeatedly apply fertilizer ", execute compared with " repeatedly apply fertilizer, repeatedly ditching (cave) " with traditional ditch (cave), can significantly reduce labour's input cost, meanwhile, multiple fertilising hole is distributed in the soil layer under tree crown drip, forms the three-dimensional fertilizer system of the full topsoil of multipoint mode, effectively arboreal growth be can promote, the drought resisting of tree body, cold-resistant and resistance against diseases strengthened.
(2) the present invention is filled with the proprietary material of loosen ventilative and preserve moisture and fertility characteristic in fertilising hole, can effectively keep moisture and nutrient, and supply the Root Absorption of different soil constantly, make it have the advantages such as liquid manure supply is permanent, arboreal growth good, fruit high yield high-quality, compared with traditional fertilization method, there is obvious superiority.
(3) by the inventive method fertilising, its utilization rate of fertilizer is high, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, and in fertilising hole fertilizer leaching loss or volatilization loss few, weeds also not easily fight for nutrient with ornamental trees and shrubs.Meanwhile, its Nutrient Absorption is fast, especially to nutritional deficiency symptom, can execute rescued easily via benefit.
(4) the invention solves more shallow with soil layer, quality is hard, chad is more and conventional fertilizer application method to green land destroy greatly feature gardening trees fertilising a difficult problem, can not only effectively improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce labor intensity, reduce environmental pollution, increase labour efficiency, also be expected to improve fruit output and quality, effectively can promote the process of increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency, rural development and urban afforestation.
Embodiment
More being convenient to make content of the present invention understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, technical solutions according to the invention are described further, but the present invention being not limited only to this.
1 longan test embodiment
Test is arranged in Nan Rong pool village, Putian City Xin Du town, medium for examination soil fertility.Examination longan cultivars is supplied to be oolong ridge, plantation in 1985.11 process (processing method is in table 1) are established in test, represent respectively with T1 ~ T11.Each process 3 times repeats, and eachly repeats the consistent longan of selection 3 strain growing way.
Table 1 different fertilization
Concrete fertilizing method is:
1) process is spread fertilizer over the fields: be sprinkling upon by fertilizer on the table soil in examination trees tree crown drip equably;
2) ditch spread process: along supplying the topsoil of examination trees tree crown drip digs with a hoe a dark 20cm, the circular groove of wide 15cm, fertilizer is evenly put into the rear earthing of ditch;
3) process is executed in hole: adopt special instrument of getting into the cave, the fertilising hole topsoil of examination trees tree crown drip drilling through some and the degree of depth is supplied on edge, fertilising hole is uniformly distributed on the circle that tree crown drip forms, the diameter 8cm in fertilising hole, install at fertilising hole one long for 8cm, interior diameter be the pvc pipe of 8cm, the buried length of pvc pipe is made to be 5cm, ground length is 3cm, and ground pvc pipe is provided with mouthpiece cover at mouth of pipe place, to prevent the native hole blocking of applying fertilizer of table of loosening, and be convenient to fertilising use; In filling in hole of applying fertilizer, there is loose ventilative, preserve moisture and fertility function, and being conducive to Nutrient carrier material (CN103508789B) the extremely distance ground 5cm of nutrient Quick uniform diffusion therein;
Fertilizer is evenly put into dressing furrow or fertilising hole by local habits fertilization amount (namely 15-15-15 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1.5kg is executed in every strain), fertilization time, fertilizer application frequency and the daily management of fruit tree field are all undertaken by locality custom.In the longan mature period, measure every strain test output of fruit tree, single fruit weight, the edible rate of fruit and soluble solid, it the results are shown in Table 2, table 3.
Table 2 different fertilization is on the impact of longan single fruit weight and output
Table 3 different fertilization is on the impact of longan soluble solid content and edible fruit rate
As can be seen from several different fertilization result of the test is affected on longan single fruit weight, output, soluble solid content and edible rate: the longan single fruit weight of T1 process (spreading fertilizer over the fields), output, soluble solid content and edible rate are minimum, this is because this kind of fertilization mode easily causes fertilizer loss (the loss of surface runoff, volatilization loss etc. as produced with rainfall), thus have impact on the effective utilization of fruit tree to fertilizer, cause the decline of output of the fruit tree and nutrient quality; And the longan single fruit weight of T2 process (ditch spread), output, soluble solid content and edible rate are moderate, but this kind of fertilization mode needs the labour dropped into comparatively large, uses more difficult in the orchard more shallow at soil layer especially, quality is hard, chad is more; And adopt the three-dimensional fertilizing method (T3 ~ T11 process) of full topsoil, the single fruit weight of longan, output, soluble solid content and edible rate all reach higher level, especially the single fruit weight of T8 process, output, soluble solid content and edible rate all reach the highest, are respectively 13.8g/, 14000kg/hm
2, 24.3% and 63.0%, improve 46.1%, 45.8%, 15.2% and 13.7% respectively compared with T1 process, improve 11.1%, 8.7%, 3.8% and 1.4% respectively compared with T2 process.
2 eucalyptus test embodiments
Test is arranged on Xi Kali mountain, Dabu village, Putian City East Sea town, medium for examination soil fertility.Supply examination eucalypt species to be Eucalyptus urophylla-grandis, in April, 2008 plants.11 process (processing method is in table 4) are established in test, each process 3 times repetition, eachly repeat the consistent eucalyptus of selection 3 strain growing way.
Table 4 different fertilization
Concrete fertilizing method is:
1) process is spread fertilizer over the fields: be sprinkling upon by fertilizer on the table soil in examination trees tree crown drip equably;
2) ditch spread process: along supplying the topsoil of examination trees tree crown drip digs with a hoe a dark 20cm, the circular groove of wide 15cm, fertilizer is evenly put into the rear earthing of ditch;
3) process is executed in hole: adopt special instrument of getting into the cave, the fertilising hole topsoil of examination trees tree crown drip drilling through some and the degree of depth is supplied on edge, fertilising hole is uniformly distributed on the circle that tree crown drip forms, the diameter 8cm in fertilising hole, install at fertilising hole one long for 8cm, interior diameter be the pvc pipe of 8cm, the buried length of pvc pipe is made to be 5cm, ground length is 3cm, and ground pvc pipe is provided with mouthpiece cover at mouth of pipe place, to prevent the native hole blocking of applying fertilizer of table of loosening, and be convenient to fertilising use; In filling in hole of applying fertilizer, there is loose ventilative, preserve moisture and fertility function, and being conducive to Nutrient carrier material (CN103508789B) the extremely distance ground 5cm of nutrient Quick uniform diffusion therein;
Fertilizer is evenly put into dressing furrow or fertilising hole by local habits fertilization amount (namely 15-15-15 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1.5kg is executed in every strain), fertilization time, fertilizer application frequency and the daily management of fruit tree field are all undertaken by locality custom.In the autumn of fertilising after 1 year, measure the height of tree and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of every strain test trees, it the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 different disposal is on the impact of the eucalyptus height of tree and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
As can be seen from several different fertilization result of the test is affected on eucalyptus plant height and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground: eucalyptus plant height and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of D1 process (spreading fertilizer over the fields) are minimum, this is because this kind of fertilization mode easily causes fertilizer loss (the loss of surface runoff, volatilization loss etc. as produced with rainfall), thus have impact on the effective utilization of eucalyptus to fertilizer, cause the decline of output of the fruit tree and nutrient quality; And the eucalyptus plant height of D2 process (ditch spread) and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground are moderate, but this kind of fertilization mode needs the labour dropped into comparatively large, the mountain region more shallow at soil layer especially, quality is hard, chad is more is used comparatively difficulty; And adopt the three-dimensional fertilizing method (D3 ~ D11 process) of full topsoil, eucalyptus plant height and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground all reach higher level, especially the eucalyptus plant height of D4 process and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground all reach maximum, be respectively 44.0m/ strain and 14.4cm, increase 5.5m and 2.4cm respectively compared with D1 process, increase rate is respectively 14.3% and 20.0%; Increase 3.9m and 0.9cm respectively compared with D2 process, increase rate is respectively 9.7% and 6.7%.
3 fertilizer and labor cost input analysis
For longan test, the fertilizer in orchard under different fertilization and labor cost are dropped into and analyzes, the results are shown in Table 6.
Under table 6 different fertilization, the fertilizer of fruit tree (longan) and labour drop into and output value analysis
Table 6 shows: the fertilizers input ratio of the unit fresh fruit (longan) of 1) T1 process (spreading fertilizer over the fields) is the highest, is 0.188; The fertilizers input ratio of the unit fresh fruit (longan) of T2 process (ditch spread) is moderate, is 0.140; The fertilizers input ratio excursion adopting three-dimensional fertilizing method process (T3 ~ T11) of full topsoil is 0.129 ~ 0.148, saves fertilizer 21.3% ~ 31.6% compared with T1 process.2) drop into from labour, the input of T1 process is minimum, is 3000 yuan/hm
2; And the input of T2 process is the highest, be 18000 yuan/hm
2; The labour of three-dimensional fertilizing method process (T3 ~ T11) of full topsoil is adopted to be dropped in 4500 ~ 6300 yuan/hm
2, save labor cost and drop into 65% ~ 75% compared with T2 process.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of the full topsoil of gardening trees, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) 3 ~ 6 fertilising holes are evenly drilled through along the tree crown drip of gardening trees on the ground;
2) in fertilising hole, installation one is long is 8cm, interior diameter is the pvc pipe of 5 ~ 8cm, and make the buried length of pvc pipe be 5cm, ground length is 3cm, and ground pvc pipe is provided with mouthpiece cover at mouth of pipe place;
3) open mouthpiece cover, fill the Nutrient carrier material extremely distance ground 5cm with loosen ventilative and preserve moisture and fertility function wherein;
4) fertilizer used needed for trees is applied by fertilising hole quantity mean allocation, and add water in hole of applying fertilizer, then cover mouthpiece cover.
2. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of the full topsoil of gardening trees according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the dark 20 ~ 60cm in hole of applying fertilizer described in step 1), interior diameter is 5 ~ 8cm.
3. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of the full topsoil of gardening trees according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 4) amount of water be the 5-10 of weight of fertilizer doubly.
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| CN201610008946.1A CN105519296A (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | Horticultural tree full-plow-layer stereo fertilization method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107466516A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 青岛农业大学 | Orchard veteran deep soil modification method |
| CN108124567A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-08 | 山东农业大学 | The intensive fertilizing method of nutrition well is divulged in the positioning of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN113748955A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-07 | 北京城市排水集团有限责任公司 | Town domestic sludge product used as forest land application nutrient soil and environment-friendly type town domestic sludge product forest land utilization and disposal mode |
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| CN104718866A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 山东农业大学 | Orchard soil ventilating and fertilizing method |
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2016
- 2016-01-08 CN CN201610008946.1A patent/CN105519296A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN2111624U (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1992-08-05 | 柳月江 | Topdressing gun |
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| CN202005188U (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-10-12 | 李维忠 | Solid fertilizer applicator for roots of fruit trees |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107466516A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 青岛农业大学 | Orchard veteran deep soil modification method |
| CN108124567A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-08 | 山东农业大学 | The intensive fertilizing method of nutrition well is divulged in the positioning of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN113748955A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-07 | 北京城市排水集团有限责任公司 | Town domestic sludge product used as forest land application nutrient soil and environment-friendly type town domestic sludge product forest land utilization and disposal mode |
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Application publication date: 20160427 |