CN110820767A - Waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation - Google Patents
Waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110820767A CN110820767A CN201911140927.4A CN201911140927A CN110820767A CN 110820767 A CN110820767 A CN 110820767A CN 201911140927 A CN201911140927 A CN 201911140927A CN 110820767 A CN110820767 A CN 110820767A
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- layer
- loess
- construction method
- retaining wall
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
Abstract
The invention provides a waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation, which comprises the following steps: and (2) discharging the waste rock layer by layer to obtain a waste rock mountain consisting of a plurality of discharge layers, wherein each discharge layer is constructed by using the discharged waste rock and loess according to the following method: the discharged waste rocks are tiled to form a waste rock layer, and a step slope is formed at the edge of the waste rock layer; laying loess on the upper part of the gangue layer to form a loess layer, stopping laying the loess when the loess layer approaches the step slope, and building a retaining wall along the outermost edge of the step slope; after the retaining wall is built, loess continues to be laid in the area surrounded by the retaining wall to cover the step slope to form a step slope covering layer, and the step slope covering layer and the loess layer are seamlessly connected to obtain one discarding layer. By adopting the scheme, the cost is greatly reduced while the environment pollution is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction processes in the automatic mining process of coal mines, in particular to a waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation.
Background
When the coal is produced and developed, a large amount of coal gangue is produced, and the coal gangue exists in a 'gangue dump' form after being discarded. Thousands of gangue piles in large and small gangue piles in China often spontaneously combust after being piled for a long time, generate a great amount of harmful gas, cause serious pollution problems and simultaneously cause harm to local residents.
In order to solve the problems and meet the requirements of ecological restoration and water and soil conservation, the loess covering of the gangue is the most effective and economic method at present. Loess can be used as a local material, and the material is taken from the original foundation, which is convenient and economic. However, the natural repose angle of loess is smaller than that of gangue, so that the usage amount of loess covered on the side slope of the gangue dump is large, and meanwhile, in order to prevent rainwater from washing the side slope and cover the loess, the side slope is mostly pasted with a triangular concrete body in China at present. This method is expensive and complicated to operate. The characteristics of large loess consumption of the waste rock slope, high slope protection cost and the like bring difficulties to ecological restoration and water and soil conservation of the waste rock slope.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a waste rock mountain discharge construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation, which can reduce the cost of waste rock discharge treatment and simultaneously can avoid the pollution of a waste rock mountain to the environment.
Therefore, the invention provides a waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation, which comprises the following steps:
and (2) discharging the waste rock layer by layer to obtain a waste rock mountain consisting of a plurality of discharge layers, wherein each discharge layer is constructed by using the discharged waste rock and loess according to the following method:
the discharged waste rocks are tiled to form a waste rock layer, and a step slope is formed at the edge of the waste rock layer;
laying loess on the upper part of the gangue layer to form a loess layer, stopping laying the loess when the loess layer approaches the step slope, and building a retaining wall along the outermost edge of the step slope;
after the retaining wall is built, loess continues to be laid in the area surrounded by the retaining wall to cover the step slope to form a step slope covering layer, and the step slope covering layer and the loess layer are seamlessly connected to obtain one discarding layer.
Optionally, the above-mentioned waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation further includes, in the construction method of each abandonment layer:
at least one water drainage hole is formed in the retaining wall;
the bottom of retaining wall is along retaining wall bottom edge sets up the escape canal, just the escape canal inlays and locates in its lower one deck yellow soil layer of abandoning the layer or in the ground.
Optionally, in the waste rock mountain abandonment construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, the retaining wall is built by abandoned rock blocks.
Optionally, in the waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, the area of the abandonment layer is reduced from bottom to top, and the retaining wall of the abandonment layer of the previous layer is built on the loess layer or the ground of the abandonment layer of the next layer.
Optionally, in the above-mentioned waste rock mountain drainage construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, the drainage ditches in two adjacent drainage layers are located in the same vertical plane, so that the start of the drainage ditch in the next layer is located right below the start of the drainage ditch in the previous layer, and the end of the drainage ditch in the next layer is located right below the end of the drainage ditch in the previous layer.
Optionally, in the waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, the drainage ditch is a U-shaped cement groove embedded in the loess layer.
Optionally, in the method for constructing the waste dump based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, the height of the retaining wall decreases with the increase of the width.
Optionally, in the above waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, the width d and the height h of the retaining wall satisfy the following conditions:
wherein α is gangue natural repose angle, β is loess natural repose angle.
Optionally, in each waste rock dump disposal construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation, in each disposal layer, the thickness of the loess layer is 10% ± 1% of the thickness of the waste rock layer.
Optionally, in the waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation, the thickness of the loess layer is (1 ± 0.1) m, and the thickness of the waste rock layer is (10 ± 1) m.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation can reduce the waste rock mountain treatment cost, reduce the loess consumption, prevent the loss of the covering loess and greatly reduce the cost while avoiding environmental pollution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of each disposal layer construction process in the waste rock mountain disposal construction method based on ecological restoration and soil and water conservation according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a partial discharge layer of a waste rock hill in the process of construction according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view at A-A of a portion of the drainage layer of the mine spoil of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the width and height relationship of a retaining wall according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the drainage layer of the mine spoil shown in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or assembly referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; the two components can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and the two components can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment provides a waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation, which comprises the following steps: and (3) discharging the waste rock layer by layer to obtain a waste rock mountain consisting of a plurality of discharge layers, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, wherein each discharge layer is constructed by using the discharged waste rock and loess according to the following method:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) tiling the discarded gangue to form a gangue layer 2, and forming a step slope surface 3 at the edge of the gangue layer 2.
Step two: loess is laid on the upper portion of the gangue layer 2 to form a loess layer 1. the loess layer 1 is close to stop laying loess during the slope 3 of the step, and along the retaining wall 4 is built on the outermost edge of the slope of the step.
Step three: after the retaining wall 4 is built, loess continues to be laid in the area enclosed by the retaining wall 4 to cover the step slope to form a step slope covering layer 5, and the step slope covering layer 5 is seamlessly connected with the loess layer 1 to obtain one discarding layer.
In the above scheme, loess layer 1 both can be used for preventing gangue layer 2 environmental pollution, can be used for hillock ecological remediation again, provides the growth condition for the reclamation plant. Retaining wall 4's setting can reduce the loess quantity of step slope surface overburden 5 on the one hand, and on the other hand can prevent that the loess of step slope surface overburden 5 from being washed by the rainwater.
According to the scheme, on one hand, the problem of high cost of traditional paving triangular concrete can be solved, on the other hand, the loess coverage of the side slope can be reduced, and the method is very beneficial to areas with poor loess; but also is favorable for preventing the loess covering layer from being washed by rainwater. Therefore, the scheme can effectively solve the problem of pollution of the waste rock, can reduce the treatment cost of the waste rock, is beneficial to ecological reconstruction and water and soil conservation of the waste rock, and has remarkable ecological benefit and environmental benefit.
Further, in the above scheme, the construction method of each disposal floor further comprises:
step A: at least one water drainage hole 6 is arranged on the retaining wall 4.
And B: the bottom of retaining wall 4 sets up escape canal 7, just escape canal 7 inlays and locates in the loess layer 1 of its lower floor discarded layer or in the ground.
Offer the loess that drain hole 6 can prevent on the slope of step overburden 5 on retaining wall 4 and be washed by the rainwater, hydroenergy can be followed drain hole 6 and discharged, correspondingly, has set up escape canal 7 in the drain hole below, prefers escape canal 7 comprises U type cement groove, and the cement groove inlays and establishes in loess layer 1, and escape canal 7 can enough be convenient for discharge the moisture that drain hole 6 flows out, can collect the water resource again, can plant some reclamation plants 8 on loess layer 1, and the moisture of escape canal 7 collection can provide the water source for reclamation plants 8.
In the above scheme, retaining wall 4 can be built by local materials, if build the wall with earth, later paste to earth surface and establish protection film etc.. Preferably, in this scheme, the retaining wall 4 is built by stacking discarded rock blocks. Retaining wall 4 is piled up by the block stone and forms, can reduce the loess quantity of step slope surface overburden 5 on the one hand, and on the other hand can prevent that the loess of step slope surface overburden 5 from being washed by the rainwater.
Referring to fig. 2, the area of the waste layers decreases from bottom to top, and the retaining wall 4 of the waste layer of the upper layer is built in the loess layer 1 of the waste layer of the lower layer or on the ground. If the waste course is the first course, its retaining wall 4 is directly constructed on the ground, and if the waste course is not the first course, its retaining wall 4 is directly constructed on the loess layer of the next course as shown in the figure. It is further preferred that the drainage gutters 7 in two adjacent drainage levels are located in the same vertical plane so that the start of the drainage gutter in the next level is located directly below the start of the drainage gutter in the previous level. Water in the escape canal in the last layer can flow into in the next layer escape canal, can flow into to subaerial finally to avoid the moisture to accumulate in the waste rock.
In the above aspect, the height of the retaining wall 4 decreases as the width increases. Further, the width d and the height h of the retaining wall satisfy the following conditions:
α is a gangue natural repose angle, β is a loess natural repose angle, wherein the natural repose angle is the maximum angle (angle of a single side to the horizontal plane) at which the bulk material can keep a natural stable state when stacked, and after the angle is formed, the bulk material is stacked upwards and then naturally slides downwards, the angle is kept, only the height is increased, and meanwhile the bottom area is increased.
In addition, can guarantee to play good covering effect to the waste rock layer simultaneously in order to practice thrift the loess quantity, each in the abandonment layer, the thickness on loess layer does 10% +/-1% of waste rock layer thickness. Preferably, the thickness of the loess layer is (1 +/-0.1) m, and the thickness of the gangue layer is (10 +/-1) m. In the scheme, the thickness of the gangue layer 2 is 10m, the thickness of the loess layer 1 is 1m, the thickness of the step slope covering layer 5 is 2m, and the width of the drainage ditch 7 is 0.5 m.
Compared with the prior art, the retaining wall 4 is formed by vertically stacking the rock blocks along the slope surface of the waste rock layer 7, so that the problem of high cost of traditional paving triangular concrete is solved, the loess coverage of the side slope is reduced, and the method is very beneficial to areas with poor loess; but also be favorable to preventing the loess overburden from being washed by the rainwater, set up the hole of draining on retaining wall 4 and be convenient for the slope body drainage, escape canal 7 collects moisture and can provide the water resource for reclamation plant 8. The waste rock mountain discharge method adopting the scheme can effectively solve the problem of waste rock mountain pollution, can reduce the waste rock mountain treatment cost, and is beneficial to ecological reconstruction and water and soil conservation of the waste rock mountain. Has very remarkable ecological benefit and environmental benefit.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A waste rock mountain abandoning construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (2) discharging the waste rock layer by layer to obtain a waste rock mountain consisting of a plurality of discharge layers, wherein each discharge layer is constructed by using the discharged waste rock and loess according to the following method:
the discharged waste rocks are tiled to form a waste rock layer, and a step slope is formed at the edge of the waste rock layer;
laying loess on the upper part of the gangue layer to form a loess layer, stopping laying the loess when the loess layer approaches the step slope, and building a retaining wall along the outermost edge of the step slope;
after the retaining wall is built, loess continues to be laid in the area surrounded by the retaining wall to cover the step slope to form a step slope covering layer, and the step slope covering layer and the loess layer are seamlessly connected to obtain one discarding layer.
2. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction method of each dump layer further comprises:
at least one water drainage hole is formed in the retaining wall;
the bottom of retaining wall is along retaining wall bottom edge sets up the escape canal, just the escape canal inlays and locates in its lower one deck yellow soil layer of abandoning the layer or in the ground.
3. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the retaining wall is formed by piling discarded rock blocks.
4. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the area of the waste layer is reduced from bottom to top in sequence, and the retaining wall of the waste layer on the upper layer is built on the loess layer or the ground of the waste layer on the lower layer.
5. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the drainage ditches in the adjacent two drainage layers are positioned in the same vertical plane, so that the starting end of the drainage ditch in the next layer is positioned under the starting end of the drainage ditch in the previous layer, and the tail end of the drainage ditch in the next layer is positioned under the tail end of the drainage ditch in the previous layer.
6. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the escape canal is a U-shaped cement groove embedded in the loess layer.
7. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
the retaining wall has a height that decreases as the width increases.
8. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation according to claim 7, wherein the gangue dump construction method comprises the following steps:
the width d and the height h of the retaining wall meet the following conditions:
wherein α is gangue natural repose angle, β is loess natural repose angle.
9. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
in each waste layer, the thickness of the loess layer is 10% +/-1% of the thickness of the gangue layer.
10. The gangue dump construction method based on ecological restoration and water and soil conservation according to claim 9, wherein:
the thickness of the loess layer is (1 +/-0.1) m, and the thickness of the gangue layer is (10 +/-1) m;
the thickness of the step slope covering layer is 1-3m, and the width of the drainage ditch is (0.5 +/-0.2) m.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112942393A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-11 | 广西中煤地质有限责任公司 | Comprehensive treatment structure for steep slope type coal gangue hill |
| CN112982447A (en) * | 2021-02-27 | 2021-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Strip mine refuse dump with ecological step slope surface structure |
| CN113063398A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-07-02 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Gangue dump monitoring method |
| CN113186944A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-30 | 山西晟境环保科技有限责任公司 | Novel process for standardized disposal of coal gangue |
| CN114145158A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 青海九零六工程勘察设计院有限责任公司 | Land reclamation structure of coal mine carbon residue land in high and cold regions and implementation method |
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