CN109503052A - Raw celluar concrete of a plant and preparation method and application - Google Patents
Raw celluar concrete of a plant and preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109503052A CN109503052A CN201811515938.1A CN201811515938A CN109503052A CN 109503052 A CN109503052 A CN 109503052A CN 201811515938 A CN201811515938 A CN 201811515938A CN 109503052 A CN109503052 A CN 109503052A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses raw celluar concretes of a plant and preparation method and application.The raw material that the present invention plants raw celluar concrete includes the one or more of following component: cement, water, sand, stone, lightweight aggregate, water-reducing agent, concrete modifying agent A, concrete modifying agent B.The present invention plants raw celluar concrete, and slope surface is directly covered with firm concrete can complete to prevent rainwater or flowing water to the erosion of slope surface and wash away；Good nutrient preserving capability and water-retaining property can maintain the growing environment of plant for a long time, therefore conserve simple；Seed and fertilizer are handled in advance, form integrated construction, slope surface can be protected and be afforested；It solves the soil of bad hydraulic permeability or the protection of rock slope and beautification, has the advantages that stable, regular, quick, beautiful.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building engineering construction product and its method and technology field, in particular to the raw celluar concrete of one kind plant
And preparation method and application.
Background technique
Concrete for plant growth has the function of to protect environment, improve ecological condition, keep original protective action substantially etc..It plants raw mixed
The function of coagulating soil derives from its design feature, and the hole of connection provides space for plant growth, and can store plant and rely growth
Nutrient and moisture, meanwhile, concrete for plant growth have certain intensity, be used for slope protection, bank protection when, can prevent erosion, have
Standby original safeguard function.
With the development of concrete, people also gradually pursue its other functions not merely with the structural behaviour of concrete
Such as ecological, intelligent, the concrete for plant growth with ecological effect just comes into being.Due to the special function of concrete for plant growth
Can, protection environment will be become and solve the ideal material of soil erosion, the repair and reconstruction of purification of water quality, degeneration ecological environment
Material.
With national sustained economic development, China has entered the peak period of engineering construction, engineering construction especially water conservancy, friendship
The heavy constructions such as logical, inevitably destroy the ecological environment in original region.In view of current ecological ragime, the country is existing not
Concrete for plant growth is studied by few research institution, tries hard to promote application of the concrete for plant growth in engineering, to improve
The ecological environment to run down.
The research of concrete for plant growth is broadly divided into 3 big contents: the 1. production of celluar concrete framework；2. celluar concrete
The transformation of internal alkali environment and the preparation of plant growth medium；3. the application technology of concrete for plant growth.
Celluar concrete is also referred to as non-fine concrete (Non-fine concrete), and material composition has cement (or other glue
Ramming material), coarse aggregate, water and additive (or a small amount of polymer of addition).Coarse aggregate can be ordinary gravel, be also possible to discard
Concrete block or haydite.
Concrete for plant growth is also referred to as plant cover concrete or green concrete, from the point of view of structurally, can be divided into hole type, porous company
3 kinds of forms such as ideotype, hole type multilayered structure.In the prior art, hole type green concrete entity part and conventional concrete
It is identical, a certain proportion of hole is only designed on concret block, grows for green plants and space is provided, apparent one
Defect is that green coverage is small.Hole type multilayered structure green concrete are as follows: upper layer is multiple hole concrete slab, and bottom is groove
Type, upper layer is compound with bottom, and centre forms the ridging layer of certain space.This green concrete majority is to be applied to urban building
Balcony, the position that is not connected directly with soil at the top of courtyard wall etc., the green space in city can be increased, beautified the environment.On stringent
For, both the above is not concrete for plant growth truly.
Summary of the invention
Present invention production will solve the problems, such as mainly there are 2 for planting raw celluar concrete: first is that celluar concrete
Compression strength and porosity will reach the requirement of what amount respectively；Second is that how the match ratio of celluar concrete designs and forms work
Skill.
The porosity and compression strength of concrete are paradox, and porosity is big, advantageous plant growth, but strength reduction.Such as
The porosity and intensity value of what determining concrete are one of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention to meet the needs of engineering.It is right
It requires in the compression strength of the vegetation type shore protection that receiving flowing water seriously washes away, 28d celluar concrete in 15MPa or more, porosity
Between 18%~21%.But when continuous porosity is lower than 20%, the gap that root system of plant is difficult to penetrate celluar concrete is goed deep into
Into soil.Therefore, in Practical Project, according to the environmental condition locating for engineering, should reasonably select celluar concrete intensity and
Porosity.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the raw celluar concrete of a plant, one kind including following component
Or a variety of: cement, water, sand, stone, lightweight aggregate, water-reducing agent, concrete modifying agent A, concrete modifying agent B, the plant life are porous
The weight fraction ratio of each raw material of the raw material of concrete are as follows: 250-350 parts of cement, 70-120 parts of water, 600-800 parts of sand, stone
It is 300-600 parts sub-, 200-400 parts of lightweight aggregate, 2-4 parts of water-reducing agent；1-3 parts of concrete modifying agent A, concrete modifying agent B 1-3
Part.
Preferably, the concrete modifying agent A and concrete modifying agent B is that can build suitable plant growth rapidly
Substrate, consolidate substrate, anti-strong rainstorms the are washed away and additive that uses of cement mixing.
Preferably, in the raw material, cement uses low alkalinity P.O.42.5, sand in sand use, and stone uses 05-10mm
Graded sand gravel, lightweight aggregate use 05-10mm gradation lightweight aggregate.
The preparation method of the raw celluar concrete of a plant, specially uses Site mode, shotcrete equipment wet spraying
Raw celluar concrete is planted in method preparation.
The shotcrete equipment wet spraying method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: the step of dedusting, slope surface surface layer is loosened float stone, aggregate chips impurity is cleaned out by site clearing slope surface, right
Recess, slope surface keeps slope surface substantially smooth using artificial filling element soil to closely knit at crack；
Step 2: reinforcing the wet step of face water spray, first that galvanized wire mesh is suitable by the engagement of length of grade amount, solid with Bower Anchor bar
Fixed, overlap joint is not less than 25cm between every two panels wire netting；Bower Anchor bar, Bower Anchor bar and secondary anchor pole interval point are all beaten on slope surface top
Cloth, Bower Anchor distance between tie rods are 100cm, and secondary anchor pole spacing is 50cm, are distributed as quincuncial pile pattern formula between major-minor anchor pole；In steep, light
The place that slide slope surface and galvanized wire mesh cannot be close to slope surface, which mend, sets anchor pole, and galvanized wire mesh is made to be close to slope surface；
Step 3: the step of mixing mixture, using Site mode, shotcrete equipment wet spraying；Productivity is greater than
5m3/h；The maximum aggregate size for allowing to convey is 10mm；Concrete mixture conveying distance level is not less than 30m, vertically not small
In 20m；Computer room dust is less than 10mg/m3；
Step 4: the step of injection,
1. compressed air or pressure water are blown off all to spray plane, blow down to the loose material or dust on spray plane；
2. guarantees that jet velocity is appropriate, in favor of coagulation soil compaction, 0.1~0.3MPa/s of pressure is sprayed；
3. makes nozzle and keeps suitable distance between by spray plane, spray angle is maximum to obtain as close possible to 90 °
Compaction force and the smallest rebound；
4. correctly grasps injection order, does not make at corner and honeycomb or gizzard occurs in the reinforcing bar back side；
5. is when starting or stopping injection, to spraying machine driver with signal, when stream cannot uniformly be sprayed from nozzle,
Also spraying machine driver should be notified to stop operation；
6. is removed in time by the gizzard or sagging concrete on spray plane, to spray again；
At the end of 7. sprays work, conscientious washer jet；
Step 5: the step of improvement conserves: galvanized wire mesh is suitable by the engagement of length of grade amount, it is fixed with anchor pole, every two panels iron
Overlap joint is not less than 25cm between silk screen；Mend in the place that steep, smooth side slope face and galvanized wire mesh cannot be close to slope surface and set
Anchor pole makes galvanized wire mesh be close to slope surface.
Preferably, the step of injection further include sprayed coating it is smooth by spray plane when, nozzle is vertical with by spray plane, is spraying
, should be at two by spray plane angle when penetrating internal corner, nozzle carries out sprayed coating along angular bisector direction, as corner has been filled
Gradually extend after a curved surface, then to two side walls, then, carries out sprayed coating by with wall surface angle in 90 °, to external corner,
Nozzle vertically can be first directed to one by spray plane sprayed coating, then the other side of sprayed coating corner again.
Preferably, nozzle is 0.8~1m at a distance from by spray plane in the step of injection, and when injection, nozzle has rhythm
Ground does a series of annular movements, is used to form uniform product and minimum rebound；Annular ring drawn by injection hand should be lateral 40
~60cm, high 15~20cm.
Preferably, the injection method of the step of injection is layering injection, and the interval time of front and back layer injection is 2~4
Hour, one time jet thickness is not slid with gunite concrete, it does not fall to spend, jetting thickness is as shown in the table:
| Injection direction | It is primary to spray thick (mm) |
| Add accelerator | Accelerator is not added |
| Upward 50~70 | 30~50 |
| Level 70~100 | 60~70 |
| Downward 100~150 | 100~150 |
Preferably, in the step of improvement conserves after gunite concrete final set 1.5-3 hours, concrete modifying agent is added,
Wet curing simultaneously improves concrete performance, reduces the basicity of concrete, curing time is no less than 7 round the clock.
It preferably, further include the application for planting raw celluar concrete on loess slope, specifically:
1. enough planting soils that is sieved, turfy soil, wood-fibred, adhesive, water-retaining agent, long efficient compound fertilizer, are mixed into soil moved in improve the original
Material；
2. with hydraulic spraying seeder the alien earth sparging mixed on side slope concrete；It is sowed grass seeds by duster repeatedly after stablizing to setting
Thickness；
3. after soil moved in improve the original sedimentation, then spraying the levelling slope surface of soil moved in improve the original；
4. thin wood-fibred, water-retaining agent, adhesive, depot fertilizer and grass-seed mixing slurry will be sprayed uniformly to sow grass seeds by duster in slope surface；
5. lid non-woven fabrics is fixed with the anchor pole of U-shaped nail, bamboo cane, 10mm；
6. moisturizing is applied fertilizer, until emergence；
7. opening non-woven fabrics by stages after seedling grows to 3-5cm carries out resistance training until all opening；
8. carrying out late maintaining.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of are as follows:
Slope surface is directly covered with firm concrete can complete to prevent rainwater or flowing water to the erosion of slope surface and wash away；Well
Nutrient preserving capability and water-retaining property, the growing environment of plant can be maintained for a long time, therefore conserve simple；Seed and fertilizer are carried out in advance
Processing, forms integrated construction, can slope surface be protected and be afforested；Solves the soil or rock slope of bad hydraulic permeability
Protection and beautification, have the advantages that stable, regular, quick, beautiful.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 concrete for plant growth structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the production technological process one that the embodiment of the present invention plants raw celluar concrete.
Fig. 3 is the production technological process two that the embodiment of the present invention plants raw celluar concrete.
Fig. 4 is soil spray seeding technique of embodiment of the present invention technique building technology flow chart.
Fig. 5 is protective net schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that holdfast of the invention designs composite diagram.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, being concrete for plant growth structural schematic diagram.Wherein, each icon are as follows: 1, plant, 2, soil, 3, porous
Concrete, 4, fertilizer and water-keeping material.Concrete for plant growth of the present invention is porous continuous type concrete, and it is basic that it, which is with celluar concrete,
Framework, internal there is a certain proportion of interconnected pores, provide root growth, absorption nutrient for the green plants of concrete surface
Space.Its essential structure is mainly made of celluar concrete skeleton, water conservation packing material, surface soil etc., as shown in Figure 1, it
It is suitable for large area, the afforestation project of site operation, landscape reparation of heavy construction etc..
The present invention plants raw celluar concrete, refers to the concrete with continuous pore structure.Under normal circumstances, it is only thick
Aggregate directly uses cement or cement mortar to connect coarse aggregate as binder without fine aggregate or only a small amount of fine aggregate, from
And obtain continuous pore structure.Therefore there is good permeable and gas permeability, can be provided for animals and plants and inhabit space, it can also be with
Play the role of purifying water, sound-absorbing and sound insulation and reduce carrying capacity of environment, is a kind of novel environment-friendly materials.
The advantages of celluar concrete section structure of the present invention:
Slope surface is directly covered with firm concrete can complete to prevent rainwater or flowing water to the erosion of slope surface and wash away；
Good nutrient preserving capability and water-retaining property can maintain the growing environment of plant for a long time, therefore conserve simple；
Seed and fertilizer are handled in advance, form integrated construction, slope surface can be protected and be afforested；
It solves the soil of bad hydraulic permeability or the protection of rock slope and beautification, has stable, regular, quick, beautiful
Advantage.
The celluar concrete of the present invention of table 1 is compared with normal concrete
As shown in Fig. 2, planting the production technological process one of raw celluar concrete for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in figure 3, being
The embodiment of the present invention plants the production technological process two of raw celluar concrete.As shown in figure 4, being thick-layer matrix of the embodiment of the present invention
Spray attachment technique building technology flow chart.
Specific embodiment 1:
The regional collapsible loess slope in Henan west meets side slope avalanche, peeling after water, internal easily to form soil cave or underground river；
Slope gradient 1:0.3~1:0.75, height 12m~30m
Construction technology:
Construction site cleaning sets the processes such as anchor pole and iron wire hanging net, installation water pipe.
Start to spray ecological base, form the ecological base of about 8cm~12cm thickness, cubic compressive strength control exists
1Mpa or more, infiltration coefficient are greater than 1 × 10-5cm/s。
Ecological base formed after about 1~4 hour, wash out ecological base surface about 1mm~3mm with water.Three-dimension vegetative net is solid
It is scheduled on ecological base surface, to improve the overall stability of vegetable layer and ecological base.
The vegetable layer of about 2cm~4cm thickness is sprayed on three-dimension vegetative net.Seed is free of in vegetable layer, seed is with pulp layer people
Work is applied to above vegetable layer.
After pulp layer construction is completed, plastic film is covered above, carries out maintenance appropriate.
Specific embodiment 2:
This side slope site operation uses the compound scheme of eco-concrete spraying and seeding afforesting: cleaning slope surface → set anchor pole → rack plating
Zinc-iron silk screen Gu Po → injection eco-concrete → concrete is improved → hangs two layers of galvanized wire mesh → organic soil moved in improve the original → spray of sowing grass seeds by duster
Broadcast compound grass-seed → lid non-woven fabrics → late maintaining.
Using match ratio, (following material utilization amount is kg/m to concrete3):
Cement: 320；Water: 90；Sand: 700；Stone: 450；Lightweight aggregate: 300；Water-reducing agent: 3；Concrete modifying agent A:2；It is mixed
Solidifying soil modifying agent B:2.
This test section site construction technology is as follows:
1, preparation of construction:
According to slope surface area, mixing gunite concrete material therefor is calculated, cement, rubble, sand needed for constructing, polycarboxylic acids subtract
The concrete admixtures such as aqua, accelerator and other auxiliary materials formulate feed and personnel's machinery application plan.
2, concrete mixing and injection
This engineering proposed adoption Site mode, shotcrete equipment wet spraying.Wet spraying concrete feature: sealing performance
Well, auxiliary material continuous uniform；Productivity is greater than 5m3/h；The maximum aggregate size for allowing to convey is 10mm；Concrete conveyance distance
(mixture) is horizontal to be not less than 30m, is vertically not less than 20m；Computer room dust is less than 10mg/m3
3, construction of shotcrete technique
Process flow: dedusting-reinforcing face water spray moisten-mixes mixture-injection-improvement maintenance
Gunite concrete material therefor is purchased by technique requirement, and guarantees positive mass: cement selection low alkalinity
P.O.42.5, sand select in sand, stone use 05-10mm graded sand gravel；05-10mm gradation lightweight aggregate；
The operation of spraying machine can influence the uniformity of rebound, the density of concrete and stream.Correctly to control injection
The wind pressure of work of machine and the uniformity for guaranteeing nozzle stream.Wind pressure of work at spraying machine should according to suitable jet velocity and into
Row adjustment, if wind pressure of work is excessively high, i.e., jet velocity is excessive, and kinetic energy is excessive, increases rebound, if wind pressure of work is too low, compacting
Power is small, influences concrete strength, and the stream of spraying machine wants uniformity, to guarantee that accelerator is uniformly distributed in concrete.
4, the indwelling of construction joint will be such that gunite concrete uses successfully, and construction joint is reasonably arranged and is important, for thickness
Degree is the spray-up of 70mm, and spray builds up inclined-plane preferably in 200~300 width range, and when jetting thickness increases, surface width is answered
It increase accordingly, it is wet with pressure flush of water after removing offscum and rebound object on inclined jet face, that is, it is subjected to subsequent
Gunite concrete.
5, surface dressing jet face flattens naturally, no matter from the aspects of structural strength and durability, be all it is desirable, into
The additional trimming of one step is often harmful, it can damage between gunite concrete and reinforcing bar or gunite concrete and base material it
Between bonding, and inside concrete generate crack.
Three, concrete is improved
After gunite concrete final set two hours, concrete modifying agent wet curing should be added and improve concrete performance, curing time is many
Round the clock in 7, when winter construction, the temperature of gunite concrete operation area is not lower than+5 DEG C, and mix enters temperature when spraying machine
Degree cannot be below+5 DEG C.
Four, two layers of wire netting are hung
It is first that galvanized wire mesh is suitable by the engagement of length of grade amount, it is fixed with anchor pole, overlaps and be not less than between every two panels wire netting
25cm；Mend in the place that steep, smooth side slope face and galvanized wire mesh cannot be close to slope surface and set anchor pole, keeps galvanized wire mesh tight
Paste slope surface；
Five, biomass base Spray turfing
1, the enough planting soils of sieving, turfy soil, wood-fibred, adhesive, water-retaining agent, long efficient compound fertilizer etc. are mixed into soil moved in improve the original
Material；
2, with hydraulic spraying seeder the alien earth sparging mixed on side slope concrete；It is sowed grass seeds by duster repeatedly after stablizing to requiring
Thickness；
3, after soil moved in improve the original sedimentation, then the levelling slope surface of soil moved in improve the original is sprayed；
4, thin wood-fibred, water-retaining agent, adhesive, depot fertilizer and grass-seed mixing slurry will be sprayed uniformly to sow grass seeds by duster in slope surface；
5, lid non-woven fabrics is fixed with the anchor pole of U-shaped nail, bamboo cane, 10mm
6, take the circumstances into consideration moisturizing fertilising, until emergence；
7, it opens non-woven fabrics by stages after seedling grows to 3-5cm and carries out resistance training until all opening；
8, late maintaining is carried out.
In this test section work progress, personnel, machinery allocation are sufficient, and material meets construction demand for aspiring for stability.
Sprayed concrete strength meets design requirement, by local rainy season, has no the mobile phenomenon of slopes, identical as with location
The comparison of geological condition side slope, significant effect reach solid slope protection purpose.
Specific embodiment 3: this engineering be located at Zhengzhou to Lushi's highway Luoning section the 7th township contract section Luo Ling it is domestic, ground
Locate mountain area, massif is that native stone mixes slope surface, and soil property is superficial deposit loess landform, is mingled with mud stone, weak expansive soil.This test section side
The slope gradient is 1:0.75, small part 1:0.3, a height of 25~70m in slope.
Fig. 5 is the protective net schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 3.Wherein, each icon are as follows: 5, drainage hole, 6, holdfast, 7,14#
Galvanized steel wire netting.
Fig. 6 is that the holdfast of the embodiment of the present invention 3 designs composite diagram.Wherein, each icon are as follows: 8, top of the slope holdfast, 9, linked network
Spray the raw phytyl matter of concrete, 10, node holdfast.
From preserve the ecological environment, it is beautiful, slope protection security standpoint considers, this side slope is compound using eco-concrete spraying and seeding afforesting
Scheme: cleaning slope surface → set anchor pole → extension galvanized wire mesh Gu Po → injection eco-concrete → concrete is improved → hangs two layers
Galvanized wire mesh → organic soil moved in improve the original of sowing grass seeds by duster → is sowed grass seeds by duster compound grass-seed → lid non-woven fabrics → late maintaining.
Table 2: raw material specification table
| Serial number | Title material | Specification |
| 1 | Low alkali cement | P.O42.5 |
| 2 | Sand | Middle sand |
| 3 | Small crushed stone | 05-10mm |
| 4 | Polycarboxylate water-reducer | |
| 5 | II grade of reinforcing bar | Φ18 |
Table 3: construction equipment table
| Serial number | Title | Model | Unit | Quantity |
| 1 | Hydraulic spraying seeder | PJZ8078 | Platform | 2 |
| 2 | Impact drill | GBH-2-26E | Set | 10 |
| 3 | Waterwheel | 10m3 | Platform | 2 |
| 4 | Wet-spraying machine | AJK-100 | Platform | 2 |
| 5 | 13m3Air compressor machine | Cut into a mountain -13 | Platform | 2 |
| 6 | Rotary mixer | 350L | Platform | 2 |
| 7 | Electric welding machine | 315A | Platform | 2 |
| 8 | Cutting machine | 400 types | Platform | 2 |
| 9 | Angle grinder | 100 | Platform | 3 |
Construction technology
(1) slope surface beats anchor pole and hangs galvanized wire mesh
1, preparation of construction:
For every slope surface feature, tied silk needed for constructing, galvanized wire mesh, anchor pole and other auxiliary materials are calculated, formulates and supplies
Material and personnel's machinery application plan
2, consolidate slope surface clearly:
Slope surface surface layer is loosened the impurity such as float stone, aggregate chips and cleaned out by 2.1 site clearing slope surfaces, to slope at recess, crack
Face to closely knit, keeps slope surface substantially smooth using artificial filling element soil；
2.2 is first suitable by the engagement of length of grade amount by galvanized wire mesh, is fixed, is overlapped between every two panels wire netting not small with Bower Anchor bar
In 25cm；
2.3 all make Bower Anchor bar on slope surface top, and Bower Anchor bar is spaced apart with secondary anchor pole, and Bower Anchor distance between tie rods is 100cm, secondary
Anchor pole spacing is 50cm, is distributed as quincuncial pile pattern formula between major-minor anchor pole.It cannot in steep, smooth side slope face and galvanized wire mesh
The place for being close to slope surface, which mend, sets anchor pole, and galvanized wire mesh is made to be close to slope surface；
2.4 such as slope surfaces are more precipitous smooth and have longitudinal ditch location, should build before linked network in slope surface when construction parallel
It is fixed with small batten is decorated in favor of subsequent construction.
(1) net uses 14# galvanized steel wire netting, diamond shape, mesh 50mm × 50mm, size 2000mm × 10000mm, holdfast rule
Lattice are Ф 12~25, length 300mm~1000mm, are executed by the HRB335 in GB1499.
(2) 14# galvanized steel wire netting is laid with by being sequentially laid with and being tensioned from top to bottom, is wrapped top of the slope length and is not less than 500mm,
The mesh sheet lap of splice is transverse direction 100mm, and net and slope surface spacing are between 50~70mm.
2. holdfast designs compound following figure requirement:
(1) holdfast uses quincuncial arrangement, and spacing 1000mm × 1000mm, 300~500mm of length, top of the slope, slope surface are relatively broken
The serious holdfast of broken and rate of decay should be increased to Ф 22, be lengthened to 800~1000mm, holdfast 80~100mm of protruded length, from
It is bound at 50~70mm of slope surface with zinc-plated silk screen
(2) 3000 × 3000mm of pitch of holes is drained, aperture needs to increase not less than 30mm, hole depth 300mm if slope surface has infiltration
Add drainage hole, and pvc pipe is installed.
(2) eco-concrete is sprayed
1, preparation of construction:
According to slope surface area, mixing gunite concrete material therefor is calculated, cement, rubble, sand needed for constructing, polycarboxylic acids subtract
The concrete admixtures such as aqua, accelerator and other auxiliary materials formulate feed and personnel's machinery application plan.
2, concrete mixing and injection
The embodiment of the present invention uses Site mode, shotcrete equipment wet spraying.Wet spraying concrete feature: sealing
It is functional, auxiliary material continuous uniform；Productivity is greater than 5m3/h；The maximum aggregate size for allowing to convey is 10mm；Concrete conveyance
Distance (mixture) is horizontal to be not less than 30m, is vertically not less than 20m；Computer room dust is less than 10mg/m3。
3, construction of shotcrete technique
Gunite concrete be it is a kind of from Roadway Support Technology develop to ground structures reinforces one kind efficiently and effectively
Reinforcing means, with the unique advantage of oneself: gunite concrete is to do power using compressed air by spraying machinery, by one
The mix of certainty ratio is conveyed by pressure piping and is hardened with being ejected at a high speed by condensation on spray plane.
Concrete spray head spouting velocity reaches 60m~80m/s, and cement is continuously hit repeatedly with what is gathered materials when spraying by high speed
Densification concrete is hit, due to using the lesser ratio of mud (0.4-0.5), has very high bonding strong with concrete, masonry, steel etc.
Degree, tensile stress and shear stress, mechanical property with higher can be transmitted on faying face well by being used in combination with galvanized wire mesh
Masonry bearing capacity can be significantly increased with good durability, reinforce globality.Meanwhile in concrete high speed spurting
Under state mortar can enter in the hole and crack reinforced, restore original structure centainly.
Process flow: dedusting-reinforcing face water spray moisten-mixes mixture-injection-maintenance
Cement selection low alkalinity P.O.42.5, sand select in sand, fineness modulus 2.2, stone use 5~10mm graded sand
Gravel；05-10mm gradation lightweight aggregate, various additives carry out dosage control by design mixture proportion；
3.1 alkali-free quick-coagulants: the main purpose using accelerator is to keep gunite concrete rapid hardening hard fastly, reduces rebound damage
It loses, prevents gunite concrete is caused due to gravity from falling off, improve its conformability in wet environment, it is appropriate to increase
One layer of jet thickness and the interval time for shortening injection interlayer.Efficient liquid accelerator is generallyd use, addition content is cementitious material
The 5%~8% of dosage met the presetting period within 1 minute, and for final setting time within 5 minutes, the intensity after 8 hours is not small
In 0.3MPa, the 80% of accelerator test piece intensity is not added in intensity within 28 days；
3.2 polycarboxylate water-reducers: being added a small amount of water-reducing agent in gunite concrete, can be in the item for keeping concrete flowability
The ratio of mud is reduced under part significantly, improves concrete strength, reduces rebound, and significantly enhance its impermeability and frost resistance；
3.3 stirrings and transport will cement, sand, stone, water, the water-reducing agent that meet the requirements etc. by match ratio be added blender into
Row stirring, the finished product concrete being stirred are transported to injection place with special transportation device and wet-spraying machine hopper are added, then basis
Wet-spraying machine operating instruction is sprayed.The match ratio of wet shotcreting be according to concrete workability (14~18cm of the slump) and
Concrete strength condition carries out test determination,
3.4 equipment wet-spraying machines, blender, means of transport etc.；
The responsibility of 3.5 injection hands is to spray mixed concrete material loading spraying machine hopper, sprays the operation of hand
Skill is the key that gunite concrete operation succeeds, and the major responsibility for spraying hand is:
1) compressed air or pressure water are blown off all to spray plane, are blown down to the loose material or dust on spray plane；
2) guarantees that jet velocity is appropriate, in favor of coagulation soil compaction, sprays 0.1~0.3MPa/s of pressure；
3) makes nozzle and keeps suitable distance between by spray plane, and spray angle is maximum to obtain as close possible to 90 °
Compaction force and the smallest rebound
4) correctly grasps injection order, does not make at corner and honeycomb or gizzard occurs in the reinforcing bar back side；
5) is when starting or stopping injection, to spraying machine driver with signal, when stream cannot uniformly be sprayed from nozzle,
Also spraying machine driver should be notified to stop operation；
6) is removed in time by the gizzard or sagging concrete on spray plane, to spray again；
7) at the end of sprays work, conscientious washer jet.
4. it first has to dispose bulk materials when the preparation of spray plane in repairing damaged structure, it is thorough with pressure water
Bottom is rinsed, then ponding is blown away.
5. the uniformity that the operation of spraying machine can influence rebound, the density of concrete and stream.Correctly to control spray
It penetrates the wind pressure of work of machine and guarantees the uniformity of nozzle stream.Wind pressure of work at spraying machine should according to suitable jet velocity and
It is adjusted, if wind pressure of work is excessively high, i.e., jet velocity is excessive, and kinetic energy is excessive, increase rebound, if wind pressure of work is too low, pressure
Strength is small, influences concrete strength, and the stream of spraying machine wants uniformity, to guarantee that accelerator is uniformly distributed in concrete.
6. the operation of nozzle
1) nozzle and the angle between by spray plane: sprayed coating it is smooth by spray plane when, nozzle is vertical with by spray plane, is spraying
, should be at two by spray plane angle when internal corner, nozzle carries out sprayed coating along angular bisector direction, as corner is filled into
After one curved surface, then gradually extend to two side walls, it then, can to external corner by sprayed coating is carried out with wall surface angle in 90 °
Nozzle is vertically first directed to one by spray plane sprayed coating, then the other side of sprayed coating corner again.
2) nozzle is at a distance between by spray plane: nozzle with by the optimum distance of spray plane be generally 0.8~1m.
3) nozzle is mobile: the time that nozzle is directed toward one place should not spring back because will increase so too long and be difficult to take
Uniform thickness is obtained, good sprayed coating method is that nozzle stabilization is systematically done round or ellipse movement across concrete surface,
Nozzle, which rhythmically does a series of annular movements, can form uniform product and minimum rebound, and spraying annular ring drawn by hand should be
Laterally 40~60cm, high 15~20cm.
7. layering injection is for fresh gunite concrete, tensile strength and adhesive strength are all very low, once injection coagulation
When the self weight of soil is greater than it with adhesive strength by spray plane, that is, occurs sagging and fall off, it is therefore desirable to layering injection, front and back layer spray
The interval time penetrated is 2~4 hours, and one time jet thickness is not slid with gunite concrete, is not fallen for degree, suitable primary spray
Thickness degree see the table below:
8. the indwelling of construction joint will be such that gunite concrete uses successfully, construction joint is reasonably set and is important, for thickness
Degree is the spray-up of 75mm, and spray builds up inclined-plane preferably in 200~300 width range, and when jetting thickness increases, surface width is answered
It increase accordingly, it is wet with pressure flush of water after removing offscum and rebound object on inclined jet face, that is, it is subjected to subsequent
Gunite concrete.
9. surface dressing jet face flattens naturally, no matter from the aspects of structural strength and durability, be all it is desirable, into
The additional trimming of one step is often harmful, it can damage between gunite concrete and reinforcing bar or gunite concrete and base material it
Between bonding, and inside concrete generate crack.
(3) concrete is improved
After gunite concrete final set two hours, concrete modifying agent wet curing should be added and improve concrete performance, reduce concrete
Basicity, curing time are no less than 7 round the clock, and when winter construction, the temperature of gunite concrete operation area is not lower than+5 DEG C, mix
Temperature when into spraying machine cannot be below+5 DEG C.
(4) two layers of wire netting are hung
It is first that galvanized wire mesh is suitable by the engagement of length of grade amount, it is fixed with anchor pole, overlaps and be not less than between every two panels wire netting
25cm；Mend in the place that steep, smooth side slope face and galvanized wire mesh cannot be close to slope surface and set anchor pole, keeps galvanized wire mesh tight
Paste slope surface；
(5) biomass base Spray turfing
1, the enough planting soils of sieving, turfy soil, wood-fibred, adhesive, water-retaining agent, long efficient compound fertilizer etc. are mixed into soil moved in improve the original
Material；
2, with hydraulic spraying seeder the alien earth sparging mixed on side slope concrete；It is sowed grass seeds by duster repeatedly after stablizing to requiring
Thickness；
3, after soil moved in improve the original sedimentation, then the levelling slope surface of soil moved in improve the original is sprayed；
4, thin wood-fibred, water-retaining agent, adhesive, depot fertilizer and grass-seed mixing slurry will be sprayed uniformly to sow grass seeds by duster in slope surface；
5, lid non-woven fabrics is fixed with the anchor pole of U-shaped nail, bamboo cane, 10mm
6, take the circumstances into consideration moisturizing fertilising, until emergence；
7, it opens non-woven fabrics by stages after seedling grows to 3-5cm and carries out resistance training until all opening；
8, late maintaining is carried out.
All above-mentioned primary implementation methods for this intellectual property, setting limitation is not implemented this otherwise
New method and/or new product.Those skilled in the art will utilize this important information, modify above content, similar to realize
Executive condition.But it is all based on modification of the invention or transformation new method, belong to the right of reservation.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, above example is made according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the raw celluar concrete of a plant, it is characterised in that: including the one or more of following component: cement, water, sand, stone,
Lightweight aggregate, water-reducing agent, concrete modifying agent A, concrete modifying agent B, each raw material of the raw material for planting raw celluar concrete
Weight fraction ratio are as follows: 250-350 parts of cement, 70-120 parts of water, 600-800 parts of sand, 300-600 parts of stone, lightweight aggregate 200-
400 parts, 2-4 parts of water-reducing agent；1-3 parts of concrete modifying agent A, 1-3 parts of concrete modifying agent B.
2. the raw celluar concrete of a plant as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the concrete modifying agent A with it is described
Concrete modifying agent B is the substrate that can build suitable plant growth rapidly, consolidates substrate, and anti-strong rainstorms are washed away and cement is mixed
Close the additive used.
3. the raw celluar concrete of a plant as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the raw material, cement uses low alkali
P.O.42.5, sand in sand use are spent, stone uses 05-10mm graded sand gravel, and lightweight aggregate uses the light bone of 05-10mm gradation
Material.
4. the preparation method of the raw celluar concrete of a plant, it is characterised in that: specially use Site mode, shotcrete equipment
Raw celluar concrete is planted in the preparation of wet spraying method.
5. the preparation method of the raw celluar concrete of a plant as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the shotcrete equipment is wet
Method injection method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: the step of dedusting, slope surface surface layer is loosened float stone, aggregate chips impurity is cleaned out by site clearing slope surface, to recessed
It falls into, slope surface keeps slope surface substantially smooth using artificial filling element soil to closely knit at crack；
Step 2: reinforcing the wet step of face water spray, first that galvanized wire mesh is suitable by the engagement of length of grade amount, is fixed with Bower Anchor bar, often
Overlap joint is not less than 25cm between two panels wire netting；Bower Anchor bar is all made on slope surface top, Bower Anchor bar is spaced apart with secondary anchor pole, main
Anchor pole spacing is 100cm, and secondary anchor pole spacing is 50cm, is distributed as quincuncial pile pattern formula between major-minor anchor pole；In steep, smooth side slope
The place that face and galvanized wire mesh cannot be close to slope surface, which mend, sets anchor pole, and galvanized wire mesh is made to be close to slope surface；
Step 3: the step of mixing mixture, using Site mode, shotcrete equipment wet spraying；Productivity is greater than 5m3/h；Permit
Perhaps the maximum aggregate size conveyed is 10mm；Concrete mixture conveying distance level is not less than 30m, is vertically not less than 20m；Machine
Room dust is less than 10mg/m3；
Step 4: the step of injection,
1. compressed air or pressure water are blown off all to spray plane, blow down to the loose material or dust on spray plane；
2. guarantees that jet velocity is appropriate, in favor of coagulation soil compaction, 0.1~0.3MPa/s of pressure is sprayed；
3. makes nozzle and keeps suitable distance between by spray plane, spray angle is as close possible to 90 °, to obtain maximum compacting
Power and the smallest rebound；
4. correctly grasps injection order, does not make at corner and honeycomb or gizzard occurs in the reinforcing bar back side；
5. when starting or stopping injection, is also answered with signal when stream cannot uniformly be sprayed from nozzle to spraying machine driver
Notice spraying machine driver stops operation；
6. is removed in time by the gizzard or sagging concrete on spray plane, to spray again；
At the end of 7. sprays work, conscientious washer jet；
Step 5: the step of improvement conserves: galvanized wire mesh is suitable by the engagement of length of grade amount, it is fixed with anchor pole, every two panels wire netting
Between overlap joint be not less than 25cm；Mend in the place that steep, smooth side slope face and galvanized wire mesh cannot be close to slope surface and set anchor pole,
Galvanized wire mesh is set to be close to slope surface.
6. the one kind as claimed in claim 5 preparation method for planting raw celluar concrete, it is characterised in that: the step of the injection
Further include sprayed coating it is smooth by spray plane when, nozzle is vertical with by spray plane, when spraying internal corner, should be pressed from both sides at two by spray plane
At angle, nozzle carries out sprayed coating along angular bisector direction, after being filled into a curved surface with corner, then gradually to two side walls
Extend, then, carry out sprayed coating by with wall surface angle in 90 °, to external corner, nozzle vertically can be first directed to one by spray plane
Sprayed coating, the then other side of sprayed coating corner again.
7. the one kind as claimed in claim 5 preparation method for planting raw celluar concrete, it is characterised in that: the step of the injection
Middle nozzle is 0.8~1m at a distance from by spray plane, and when injection, nozzle rhythmically does a series of annular movements, is used to form
Even product and minimum rebound；Annular ring drawn by injection hand should be laterally 40~60cm, high 15~20cm.
8. the one kind as claimed in claim 5 preparation method for planting raw celluar concrete, it is characterised in that: the step of the injection
Injection method be layering injection, front and back layer injection interval time be 2~4 hours, a jet thickness is with gunite concrete
It does not slide, does not fall to spend, jetting thickness is as shown in the table:
9. the preparation method of the raw celluar concrete of a plant as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the improvement maintenance
In step after gunite concrete final set 1.5-3 hours, concrete modifying agent is added, wet curing simultaneously improves concrete performance, reduces coagulation
The basicity of soil, curing time are no less than 7 round the clock.
10. the preparation method of the raw celluar concrete of a plant as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include the plant
Application of the raw celluar concrete on loess slope, specifically:
1. enough planting soils that is sieved, turfy soil, wood-fibred, adhesive, water-retaining agent, long efficient compound fertilizer, are mixed into soil moved in improve the original material；
2. with hydraulic spraying seeder the alien earth sparging mixed on side slope concrete；It sows grass seeds by duster repeatedly after stablizing thick to setting
Degree；
3. after soil moved in improve the original sedimentation, then spraying the levelling slope surface of soil moved in improve the original；
4. thin wood-fibred, water-retaining agent, adhesive, depot fertilizer and grass-seed mixing slurry will be sprayed uniformly to sow grass seeds by duster in slope surface；
5. lid non-woven fabrics is fixed with the anchor pole of U-shaped nail, bamboo cane, 10mm；
6. moisturizing is applied fertilizer, until emergence；
7. opening non-woven fabrics by stages after seedling grows to 3-5cm carries out resistance training until all opening；
8. carrying out late maintaining.
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| CN110526652A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-03 | 鞍钢房产建设有限公司 | A kind of premixing wet shot reinforces gunite concrete and its construction method |
| CN110651672A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-01-07 | 北京岩土工程勘察院有限公司 | Spray-seeding repair process for vertical steep vertical face of mountain |
| CN111233380A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-05 | 长安大学 | Loess slope surface protection material and preparation and use method thereof |
| CN112913631A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-08 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Hydro-fluctuation belt seedling fixing structure and construction method thereof |
| CN116024994A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-28 | 北京林业大学 | Construction method of ecological integrated slope protection system |
| CN116119997A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-16 | 山东景明生态园林有限公司 | Greening concrete and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110121971A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-16 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of metal mine acidity discarded ground ecological recovery |
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| CN110526652A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-03 | 鞍钢房产建设有限公司 | A kind of premixing wet shot reinforces gunite concrete and its construction method |
| CN111233380A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-05 | 长安大学 | Loess slope surface protection material and preparation and use method thereof |
| CN112913631A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-08 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Hydro-fluctuation belt seedling fixing structure and construction method thereof |
| CN116024994A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-28 | 北京林业大学 | Construction method of ecological integrated slope protection system |
| CN116119997A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-16 | 山东景明生态园林有限公司 | Greening concrete and preparation method thereof |
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