CN109566248B - Method for planting rocky slope vegetation - Google Patents
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- CN109566248B CN109566248B CN201910049268.7A CN201910049268A CN109566248B CN 109566248 B CN109566248 B CN 109566248B CN 201910049268 A CN201910049268 A CN 201910049268A CN 109566248 B CN109566248 B CN 109566248B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting rocky slope vegetation, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: treating the slope surface of the original rock mass; step two: an anchor rod is driven into an original rock mass, and a geonet is laid and hung on the surface of the inverted slope; step three: spraying on the surface of the reverse slope to form a ceramsite vermiculite concrete layer and form a porous vegetation layer, and further modifying the surface of the reverse slope into a positive slope body; step four: and paving and hanging an active protective net on the surface of the positive slope body to construct a reinforced layer. Then treating the base surface of the regular slope body by using vegetation concrete, and forming a vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer; step five: planting vegetation on the surface of the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer so as to form a herbaceous shrub cross vegetation layer; step six: and (5) performing later maintenance. The method maintains the stability of the side slope through the anchor rods, the ground support and the SNS active network, and restores the ecology of the side slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for planting rocky slope vegetation.
Background
The slope of the falling slope can not receive natural rainfall and has no water condition necessary for plant growth.
At present, climbing plants are mainly planted at the bottom of a slope or hanging plants are planted at the top of the slope, but the two planting methods are slow in growth and cannot be replaced in four seasons, and the two planting methods are weak and easy to break under severe conditions such as strong wind, strong pressure and the like.
Second, most of the slopes are not planted. But the method of only cutting the slope is adopted to change the slope into a positive slope. The method is simple and quick, but generally has large engineering quantity and is easy to be limited by space strictly.
In addition, the reverse slope can be changed into a positive slope by adopting a mortar block or concrete pouring mode. The construction difficulty of the mode is higher, the stability of the additional building materials is poorer, the self weight of the filling materials is great, the load is large, and secondary damage is caused. Therefore, the treatment and greening restoration of the slope are urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a rocky slope vegetation planting method, which maintains the stability of a side slope through an anchor rod, a ground support and an SNS active network and restores the ecology of the side slope.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a method for planting rocky slope vegetation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: treating the slope surface of the original rock mass;
step two: an anchor rod is driven into an original rock mass, and a geonet is laid and hung on the surface of the inverted slope;
step three: spraying on the surface of the falling slope to form a ceramsite vermiculite concrete layer and form a light porous vegetation layer, and further modifying the surface of the falling slope into a positive slope body;
step four: paving and hanging an active protective net on the surface of the positive slope body, then treating the base surface of the positive slope body with vegetation concrete, and forming a vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer;
step five: planting vegetation on the surface of the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer so as to form a herbaceous shrub cross vegetation layer;
step six: and (5) performing later maintenance.
The concrete steps of treating the surface of the falling slope in the first step are as follows: the surface of the reverse slope is cleaned by adopting mechanical combination and manual work, and slope deposits and loose stones on the surface of the reverse slope are completely removed.
The second step comprises the following specific operations: the anchor rod is firmly anchored in the original rock body, and the anchor rod and the surface of the falling slope form 5o~20oThe acute angle of throw-in, the exposure length of stock is in order to revise the adverse slope surface as the standard to guarantee that the rock-entering degree of depth of stock equals with the exposure degree of depth, select the geotechnological net in suitable aperture, and with geotechnological net and stock ligature firmly.
The third step is planting the layer: a lightweight porous vegetation layer; a rib adding layer: an active net; a seed layer; the anti-scouring layer is specifically operated as follows: the surface of the reverse slope body of the high and steep slope with a large working surface is treated by adopting a mechanical injection mode, and the reverse slope body is finally corrected into a positive slope body by adopting a manual filling or manual injection mode aiming at the place with difficult mechanical injection.
In the third step, the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer is porous plant-growing concrete consisting of vermiculite and ceramsite; after the anchor rod is corrected into a positive slope body, ensuring that the length of the anchor rod exposed out of the surface of the slope body is 8-12 cm;
the active protective net adopts an SNS active protective net, and then a vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer is sprayed on the surface of the regular slope body, wherein the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer is divided into two layers: firstly spraying a bottom layer without seeds, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is 7-8 cm, and then spraying a surface layer with seeds, wherein the thickness of the surface layer is 1-2 cm.
The operation in the sixth step is as follows: the later-stage maintenance comprises the following specific operations: and after the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer is sprayed, covering the non-woven fabric and sprinkling water for maintenance management.
The fourth step is specifically operated as follows: the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer is a physical accumulation formed by cementing ceramsite, vermiculite coarse aggregate, cement and soil, and the coarse aggregate contains a small amount of fine aggregate.
The ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer is porous plant growing concrete formed by mixing sandy soil, vermiculite, ceramsite and cement according to the composition ratio of 100:6:10:5, and conditions are provided for plant rooting and growing.
When the slope of the side slope on the surface of the reverse slope in the fourth step is less than or equal to 60 degrees, the distance between the anchor rods is 2.5 m; when the slope gradient is less than or equal to 75 degrees, the distance between the anchor rods is 2m, and when the slope gradient is more than or equal to 75 degrees, the distance between the anchors is 1.5 m.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for planting the rocky slope vegetation solves the problem that slope plants cannot contact with nature to rain.
2. The filling structure filled by the planting method is an integral structure, the stability of the side slope is maintained through the anchor rods, the ground support and the SNS active network, and the danger of secondary collapse and dumping is not easy to cause.
3. The vermiculite is used as a soil conditioner, so that the structure, water storage and entropy retention of soil can be improved, and the air permeability and water content of the soil can be improved. The crops can obtain sufficient water and mineral substances from the early growth stage, and the plants can be promoted to grow faster.
4. The density of the ultra-light ceramsite is 300-500 kg/m3The density of the common concrete is 1900-2500 Kg/m3The side slope has light weight and certain mechanical strength, reduces the load of the side slope and the load of the passive net wrapped outside, and avoids the danger of settlement.
5. The ecological restoration of the surface reduces the harm of rock weathering and rainwater acidification, and also conforms to the development trend of paying attention to the protection of ecological environment.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the falling slope of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the rainless closure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a view of the threaded bolt of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a view of the light anchor structure of the present invention.
In the figure: the anchor rod 1, original rock mass 2, vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer 3, ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer 4 and herbaceous shrub cross vegetation layer 5.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a method for planting rocky slope vegetation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: treating the slope surface of the original rock mass 2;
step two: an anchor rod 1 is driven into an original rock body 2, and a geonet is laid and hung on the surface of the inverted slope;
step three: spraying on the surface of the falling slope to form a ceramsite vermiculite concrete layer 4 and form a porous vegetation layer, and further modifying the surface of the falling slope into a positive slope body;
step four: paving and hanging an active protective net on the surface of the regular slope body, then treating the base surface of the regular slope body with vegetation concrete, and forming a vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer 3;
step five: planting vegetation on the surface of the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer 3 to form a herbaceous shrub crossing vegetation layer 5;
step six: and (5) performing later maintenance.
By adopting the vegetation planting method with the structure, the rocky slope can be effectively restored, the risk of secondary collapse is effectively prevented, and the development requirement of the current ecological greening is met.
Further, the concrete steps of processing the surface of the falling slope in the first step are as follows: the surface of the reverse slope is cleaned by adopting mechanical combination and manual work, and slope deposits and loose stones on the surface of the reverse slope are completely removed. Follow-up driving into of stock 1 can be convenient carry out after the clean up. The treatment process provides conditions for subsequent slope treatment.
Further, the specific operation in the step two is as follows: the anchor rod 1 is firmly anchored in the original rock body 2, and the anchor rod 1 and the reverse slope surface form 5o~20oThe acute angle of throw-in, the exposure length of stock 1 is in order to revise the slope surface as the standard to guarantee that the rock-entering degree of depth of stock 1 equals with the exposure degree of depth, select the geotechnological net in suitable aperture, and with geotechnological net and 1 ligature of stock firmly. Through foretell 1 installation angle of stock, can reach the best anchor effect, and then guaranteed the fixed effect to geotechnological net.
Further, the operation in step three is specifically: the surface of the reverse slope body of the high and steep slope with a large working surface is treated by adopting a mechanical injection mode, and the reverse slope body is finally corrected into a positive slope body by adopting a manual filling or manual injection mode aiming at the place with difficult mechanical injection.
Further, in the third step, the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer 4 is porous plant-growing concrete consisting of vermiculite and ceramsite; and after the anchor rod 1 is corrected into a positive slope, ensuring that the length of the anchor rod 1 exposed out of the surface of the slope is 8-12 cm. The vermiculite is used as a soil conditioner to improve the structure, water storage and entropy preservation of soil; the air permeability and the water content of the soil are improved, and the plant growth is promoted; the ceramsite has certain mechanical strength and light weight; the small micropores of the ceramsite can absorb water and store water, and meanwhile, the ceramsite is very breathable; the cement is used as a cementing material to ensure that the concrete has certain strength and is successfully bonded together.
Further, the fourth step is specifically operated as follows: the active protective net adopts an SNS active protective net, so that filling materials can be fixed, and a reinforcement effect can be achieved. And spraying vegetation concrete on the surface of the positive slope body to form an anti-scouring layer. The thickness of the material is 7-8 cm.
Further, 3 layers of vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer are divided into two layers: firstly spraying a bottom layer without seeds, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is 7-8 cm, and then spraying a surface layer with seeds, wherein the thickness of the surface layer is 1-2 cm.
The anchor rod 1 is to improve the type of the steel bar according to actual needs, increase the length and the density of the steel bar, when hanging the net, the geotechnical net can be selected according to the type of the side slope in concrete engineering, the net piece with special requirements or permanent net piece must be over-molded or galvanized for corrosion prevention, the net piece is firmly bound with the anchor rod, the lap joint width is not less than 5cm, the distance between the net piece and the slope surface is kept 2/3 spray layer thickness, when the foundation surface is treated, conventional spray anchor equipment is adopted for spraying, and on the slope surface of the normal slope after repair, the place which is difficult to spray mechanically can be paved manually. Wherein the foundation treated with vegetation concrete comprises a bottom layer which is free of mixed vegetation green seeds and is approximately 8cm thick, and a vegetation concrete top layer which is 2cm thick and contains mixed vegetation green seeds. The dosage of cement and additive in the surface layer is reduced by half.
Further, the operation in the sixth step is specifically as follows: the later-stage maintenance comprises the following specific operations: and after the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer 3 is sprayed completely, covering non-woven fabrics and sprinkling water for maintenance management.
The non-woven fabric is 28g/m2The nonwoven fabric (2) was maintained and managed for 60 days by spraying water.
Further, the fourth step is specifically operated as follows: the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer 4 is a physical accumulation formed by cementing ceramsite, vermiculite coarse aggregate, cement and soil, and the coarse aggregate contains a small amount of fine aggregate.
Further, the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer 4 is porous plant growing concrete formed by mixing sandy soil, vermiculite, ceramsite and cement according to the composition ratio of 100:6:10:5, and provides conditions for plant rooting and growing.
Further, when the slope of the side slope on the surface of the inverted slope in the fourth step is less than or equal to 60 degrees, the distance between the anchor rods 1 is 2.5 m; when the slope gradient is less than or equal to 75 degrees, the distance between the anchor rods 1 is 2m, and when the slope gradient is more than or equal to 75 degrees, the distance between the anchors is 1.5 m. The optimum anchoring effect can be ensured by adopting the above-mentioned size range of the pitch of the anchor rods 1.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for planting rocky slope vegetation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: treating the surface of the reverse slope of the original rock mass (2);
step two: an anchor rod (1) is driven into the original rock mass (2), and a geonet is paved on the surface of the inverted slope;
step three: spraying on the surface of the falling slope to form a ceramsite vermiculite concrete layer (4) and form a light porous vegetation layer, and further modifying the surface of the falling slope into a positive slope body;
step four: paving and hanging an active protective net structure reinforced layer on the surface of the regular slope body, then treating the base surface of the regular slope body with vegetation concrete, and forming a vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer (3);
step five: planting vegetation on the surface of the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer (3) so as to form a herbaceous shrub crossing vegetation layer (5);
step six: later maintenance;
the concrete steps of treating the surface of the falling slope in the first step are as follows: cleaning the surface of the falling slope by adopting mechanical combination labor, and completely cleaning slope deposits and loose stones on the surface of the falling slope;
the second step comprises the following specific operations: the anchor rod (1) is firmly anchored in the original rock body (2), and the anchor rod (1) and the surface of the falling slope form 5o~20oThe acute angle is driven in, the exposed length of the anchor rod (1) is corrected to be the standard for correcting the surface of the falling slope, the rock-entering depth of the anchor rod (1) is ensured to be equal to the exposed depth, a geonet with a proper pore diameter is selected, and the geonet and the anchor rod (1) are firmly bound;
the third step is planting the layer: a lightweight porous vegetation layer; a rib adding layer: an active net; a seed layer; the anti-scouring layer is specifically operated as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) processing the surface of an inverted slope body of a high and steep slope with a large operation surface in a mechanical injection mode, and finally correcting the inverted slope body into a positive slope body in a manual filling or manual injection mode aiming at a place where the mechanical injection is difficult;
in the third step, the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer (4) is porous plant-growing concrete consisting of vermiculite and ceramsite; after the anchor rod is corrected into a positive slope body, the length of the anchor rod (1) exposed out of the surface of the slope body is ensured to be 8-12 cm;
the fourth step is specifically operated as follows: the active protective net adopts an SNS active protective net, and then a vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer (3) is sprayed on the surface of the regular slope body, wherein the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer (3) is divided into two layers: firstly spraying a bottom layer without seeds, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is 7-8 cm, and then spraying a surface layer with seeds, wherein the thickness of the surface layer is 1-2 cm.
2. The method for planting the rocky slope vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation in the sixth step is as follows: the later-stage maintenance comprises the following specific operations: and after the vegetation concrete anti-scouring layer (3) is sprayed, covering the non-woven fabric and sprinkling water for maintenance management.
3. The method for planting the rocky slope vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fourth step is specifically operated as follows: the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer (4) is a physical accumulation formed by cementing ceramsite, vermiculite coarse aggregate, cement and soil, and the coarse aggregate contains a small amount of fine aggregate.
4. The method for planting the rocky slope vegetation according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fourth step is specifically operated as follows: the ceramsite and vermiculite concrete layer (4) is porous plant growing concrete formed by mixing sandy soil, vermiculite, ceramsite and cement according to the composition ratio of 100:6:10:5, and provides conditions for plant rooting and growing.
5. The method for planting the rocky slope vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the slope of the side slope on the surface of the reverse slope in the fourth step is less than or equal to 60 degrees, the distance between the anchor rods (1) is 2.5 m; when the slope gradient is less than or equal to 75 degrees, the distance between the anchor rods (1) is 2m, and when the slope gradient is more than or equal to 75 degrees, the distance between the anchors is 1.5 m.
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| CN110777820B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-28 | 魏路平 | Construction method for performing ecological protection on stone slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete |
| CN110698222B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | Composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slope and preparation method thereof |
| CN111074912A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-28 | 北京建筑大学 | Composite structure for vegetation restoration and taking porous concrete as foundation layer |
| CN112609715B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | Rock slope-falling spray-seeding repairing method |
| CN113774930B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2022-08-05 | 三峡大学 | Phosphogypsum-based filling bag for efficiently repairing concave part of slope and construction method thereof |
| CN114521439B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-02-07 | 内蒙古和润环境工程有限公司 | Method for repairing ecology of rock mass with large inclination angle and high steep slope by utilizing RFP (radio frequency power) member |
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| CN100444717C (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2008-12-24 | 北京林枫园林绿化工程有限公司 | Recovering technology for VRT base plate reparing and plastisizing vegitation |
| CN105113518B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-01-18 | 三峡大学 | Construction method for ecological slope protecting base material by arranging slot pits in slope surface |
| CN106284376B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-04-06 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | The ecological restoring method of rock side slope |
| CN107251729A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-17 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | Loam-like soil matrix spray-seeding construction method for side slope |
| CN207498968U (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-06-15 | 昆明公路局机械化养护和应急中心 | A kind of environment protection ecological type highway slope protection structure |
| CN107675716A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-09 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Pollution type side slope with pollution blocking and ecological greening functions and method |
| CN108101452B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-01-03 | 重庆交通大学 | Plant growing type porous concrete suitable for plant growth |
| CN108035363B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-11-22 | 北京东方园林环境股份有限公司 | A kind of side slope ecological renovation method of breakage mountain body |
| CN208266891U (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-12-21 | 浙江宁波甬台温高速公路有限公司 | A kind of marine environment high gradient slope greening safeguard structure |
| CN108625381A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-09 | 康莱德国际环保植被（北京）有限公司 | High-steep slope protection administering method and safeguard structure |
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