CN110698222B - Composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slope and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slope and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110698222B CN110698222B CN201911110118.9A CN201911110118A CN110698222B CN 110698222 B CN110698222 B CN 110698222B CN 201911110118 A CN201911110118 A CN 201911110118A CN 110698222 B CN110698222 B CN 110698222B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 110
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H Aluminium sulfate Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical group N.OC(=O)C=C WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002066 Amorpha fruticosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004047 Amorpha fruticosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003464 Cuspid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 240000008893 Cynodon dactylon Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000003024 Vitex negundo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013427 Vitex negundo var incisa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014961 Vitex negundo var negundo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017585 alfalfa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 alfalfa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBZJARSYCHAEND-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;dihydrogen phosphate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O ZBZJARSYCHAEND-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTGONJLAOZZDJO-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Na+] NTGONJLAOZZDJO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000051 modifying Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014956 negundo chastetree Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone side slopes and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite vegetation concrete comprises bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete; the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water, cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, rubber powder, a water reducing agent and a liquid accelerating agent; the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler, wherein the porous hardening material mainly comprises water, cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, ceramsite, short straw material, long straw material, carboxymethyl cellulose and a water reducing agent, and the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds, soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, crushed straw material, a water-retaining agent and a compound fertilizer. The spray construction is adopted, a rough anchoring bottom layer, a middle porous layer and a surface planting layer are formed on the surface of the stone slope, the binding force with the stone slope and the layers is strong, the stability is high, the planting speed is high, the water, soil and matrix loss is small, and the spray construction method is suitable for ecological protection construction of the stone slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological protection, and particularly relates to a composite vegetation concrete for rocky slope ecological protection and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of economy and social progress, the construction of fierce and sound infrastructures such as roads, railways, riverways, bridges, coastal ports, water conservancy dams and the like is actively developed in various places, due to the excavation and backfilling of a large number of earth and stone sides, the original landforms of construction areas and the periphery are changed to a great extent, the vegetation communities and ecological diversity of the earth surface are destroyed, a plurality of bare rocky side slopes and poor soil side slopes are formed, the side slopes are difficult to restore slope vegetation in a short time by means of natural force, serious water and soil loss, rockfall and ecosystem degradation are easily caused, even the landslide, mud-rock flow and other geological disasters are caused, and great potential safety hazards exist, so that engineering protection needs to be carried out on the bare side slopes.
The method for slope protection of the traditional engineering comprises the steps of manual plastering of cement mortar, concrete guniting slope protection, concrete grouting and the like, and the problems of the prior art are as follows: when the temperature changes, the temperature difference exists between the inside and the outside of the concrete, so that the shrinkage and expansion degrees are different, and the cracking is easy to generate; easy weathering and corrosion; destroy the ecological environment of the side slope, keep the grass on the surface of the side slope and the like. The traditional engineering slope protection method has poor effect, and a series of ecological slope protection methods are developed by people aiming at the problems.
The side slope ecological protection is to a large amount of bare side slope phenomena that appear in the engineering construction such as urban road, highway, railway, water conservancy, take engineering measures, carry out engineering protection and ecological greening treatment to the bare side slope, adopt the plant bank protection to reach the purpose that prevents side slope destruction, soil erosion, the conservation water source, air-purifying, beautify the environment, have functions such as maintaining ecosystem and biological diversity simultaneously, improve traffic safety, noise reduction, abundant view culture. The plant slope protection is a new technology for stabilizing the rock-soil slope by utilizing the principle that vegetation contains water and fixes soil, and beautifying the ecological environment, and has the main significance of solving the contradiction between slope engineering construction and ecological environment damage, reducing the pore water pressure of a slope body through the anchoring effect of deep roots and the reinforcement effect of shallow roots, intercepting rainfall, weakening splash erosion, controlling soil particle loss, improving the environmental function, recovering the damaged ecological environment, reducing noise and light pollution, ensuring driving safety, promoting the degradation of organic pollutants, purifying the atmosphere, adjusting microclimate and further having the landscape function.
At present, slope ecological protection methods mainly include turf transplantation, broadcast sowing mixed planting, plant fiber blanket laying, net hanging spray seeding, plant biological bag laying and the like, the method has a good application effect in low and/or relatively slow soil slopes, but for poor soil-rock slopes or stone slopes, a slope surface is directly provided with geotechnical materials in combination with a plant slope protection technology, the problems that the speed of matrix shedding loss (or matrix layer shedding loss) is high, the difficulty in retaining nutrient moisture is high, plant rooting is blocked, the plants are easy to wither and the like often exist, and a stable slope plant community is difficult to quickly establish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of a rocky side slope, which solves the problems that the existing ecological slope protection matrix is high in falling loss speed and difficult to quickly root and fix plants.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a composite vegetation concrete for protecting the ecological of stone slope is composed of the bottom anchoring concrete and the upper planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 82-85 parts of cement, 15-18 parts of fly ash, 260 parts of coarse aggregate, 140 parts of fine aggregate, 10-15 parts of rubber powder, 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent and 0.8-1.0 part of liquid accelerator, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.41-0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of cement, 25-30 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of 190-sand aggregate, 410 parts of 10-20mm ceramsite, 15-20 parts of 10-20mm short straw material, 30-35 parts of 40-50mm long straw material, 1.0-1.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.31-0.35;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 40-50 parts of activated sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 70-75 parts of rice hulls, 70-75 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent and 3-5 parts of a compound fertilizer.
The rubber powder is waste tire rubber powder with the granularity of 30-60 meshes.
The short straw material and the long straw material are wheat straws or rice straws, are cut into designed lengths before use, are soaked in a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 5.0-6.0% for 12-14h, and are fished out and drained for later use.
The ceramsite is sludge-based ceramsite with the bulk density of 500-800kg/m3The saturated water absorption is not less than 20%.
The water content of the covering filler is 60-65%. The pH value of the covering filler is 6.0-7.3.
The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent; the liquid accelerator is an aluminum sulfate type liquid accelerator.
The activated sludge is residual sludge in a secondary sedimentation tank of a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the water content is 40-50%.
The water-retaining agent is an ammonium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and the water absorption rate is more than 100.
The preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope comprises the following steps:
preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water into the formula amount of coarse aggregate, stirring for 20-30s, adding the obtained first sizing material, the formula amount of fine aggregate and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 20-30s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 40-50s to obtain the concrete composite material;
preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the short straw materials according to the formula amount, adding water according to the proportion of 0.31-0.35 of the water-to-gel ratio to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite according to the formula amount, stirring to enable the surface of the ceramsite to be coated with the glue, adding the second glue material, the coarse aggregate, the water reducing agent and the long straw materials according to the formula amount, continuously stirring for 20-30s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose according to the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 40-50s to obtain the composite material;
preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: mixing the soil, the activated sludge, the fly ash, the rice hulls, the straw crushed materials, the water-retaining agent, the compound fertilizer and the plant seeds according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content and the pH value to obtain the fertilizer.
The construction method for performing stone slope ecological protection by adopting the composite vegetation concrete comprises the following steps:
1) slope surface cleaning: removing impurities, floating soil, broken stones and dangerous stones on the slope surface, and flattening the protrusion of the rock surface;
2) and (3) hanging a net: laying a galvanized wire net along the slope from top to bottom, wherein the distance between the wire net and the slope is kept between 40 and 70 mm;
3) spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope, wherein the spraying thickness is 30-60mm, forming a rough anchoring bottom layer below the wire netting, and the distance between the layer surface and the wire netting above is not less than 10 mm; on the rough anchoring bottom layer, ejecting every 1.0-3.5m from top to bottom along the slope surface to form an interception platform which extends along the transverse direction and protrudes upwards by at least 20mm higher than the iron wire net;
4) spraying a porous hardening material: before the rough anchoring bottom layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying a porous hardening material on the rough anchoring bottom layer, wherein the spraying thickness is not less than 30mm, and forming a middle porous layer;
5) spraying covering filler; before the middle porous layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying covering filler containing plant seeds on the middle porous layer, wherein the spraying thickness is not less than 30mm, and forming an upper planting layer;
6) and (5) maintenance management.
Further, in the construction method, when the slope is cleaned in the step 1), the concave part of the slope does not need to be embedded and repaired, and in the step 3), the bottom layer anchoring concrete is directly sprayed and filled.
And 3) before uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope surface, spraying water to wet the dry slope surface.
In the step 3), the width of the interception platform is not less than 20 mm.
In the step 3), a drainage port for downward drainage is arranged on the interception platform according to requirements.
And 6) the maintenance management is to cover a shading net or non-woven fabric on the surface of the upper layer of the fixed planting layer, watering and maintaining until the plant grows to 5-6cm high or 2-3 leaves grow, and then uncovering the shading net or the non-woven fabric.
The composite vegetation concrete for protecting the stone slope ecology comprises bottom anchoring concrete and upper planting concrete; the cement-flyash composite cement is mainly composed of water, cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, rubber powder, a water reducing agent and a liquid accelerating agent, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.41-0.45. The cement is a main cementing material, and the fly ash has the functions of reducing the alkalinity of the concrete and preventing plants from burning roots on one hand, and increasing the compactness of the concrete and improving the bonding strength between the concrete and the base rock surface on the other hand. The particle size collocation and the dosage proportion of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are scientifically designed and reasonably regulated, the cementum is higher, on the basis of ensuring higher compressive strength of concrete, after the cementum is sprayed on a smooth stone slope, the coarse aggregate forms bulges on the surface of a thin anchoring bottom layer to form a rough surface which is uneven and staggered with canine teeth, and the effective combination area with an upper layer is increased, so that the combination force with the upper layer is improved; the fine aggregate and the rubber powder interact with the cementing material, and are deposited and filled in the aggregate gaps of the bottom layer, so that the contact area with the rocky slope is increased, and the bonding strength between the anchoring bottom layer and the basement rock surface is improved. The addition of the rubber powder can also improve the frost resistance and the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete. The liquid accelerator has the effects of improving the initial setting property of concrete and shortening the setting time, is particularly suitable for the injection construction of steep stone slopes, and can be quickly cured and set after the bottom layer anchoring concrete is injected to a steep smooth slope surface, be bonded with the stone slope surface, not slide down and roll down and be easy to inject construction. Through the mutual matching and coordination of the components, the bottom layer anchoring concrete has high strength, good compactness, strong adhesion with the rocky and lithologic side slope, firm combination and high condensation speed, and can form an anchoring bottom layer with firm bottom adhesion and rough and uneven surface by spraying a thin layer on the surface of the smooth rocky side slope, thereby laying a good foundation for the field planting of the upper layer concrete.
In the composite vegetation concrete for protecting the stone slope ecology, the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardened material and a covering filler; the porous hardening material mainly comprises water, cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, ceramsite, short straw material, long straw material, carboxymethyl cellulose and a water reducing agent. The addition of the fly ash is further increased, the alkalinity of the formed porous hardened layer is further reduced, and the method is suitable for plant root planting and squash rolling. The particle size collocation and the quantity ratio scientific design of coarse aggregate and haydite, reasonable modulation, the jiao gu is lower, and coarse aggregate is used for guaranteeing the intensity on porous sclerosis layer, and the haydite is used for increasing the porosity on sclerosis layer, reducing the quality on sclerosis layer, improves the ventilation culvert ability on sclerosis layer. The short straw materials and the long straw materials are doped into the hardened materials as organic matters, so that the toughness and the porosity of a hardened layer are improved on one hand, and on the other hand, the short straw materials and the long straw materials are used as standby nutrition for plant growth, so that long-term nutrients of plants are maintained, and the short straw materials and the long straw materials are gradually degraded in the later period, so that the space is reserved in a plant root system. Meanwhile, the long straw materials can be entangled with the slope net hanging in the spraying process, so that the stability of the porous hardened layer is improved; the fiber length of the long material of the straw is long, the surface of the sprayed thin layer forms a galling effect, the surface of the porous hardened layer is uneven and provided with a galling fringe, the interception effect on the upper covering and filling layer is good, the substrates are entangled with each other, and water and soil loss is not easy. The carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a thickening agent, so that the porous hardening material has continuity during spraying, is moderate in cohesiveness and fluidity and is easy to spray. Through the mutual matching and coordination of the components, the porous hardening material can form a hardening layer with moderate strength, high porosity and a large number of open pores after being sprayed, and the U and the rough anchoring bottom layer are firmly combined, and the porous hardening material is light and is not easy to slide down and roll off; the porous structure of the fertilizer is easy for planting and extending of plant roots, has sufficient nutrition, can contain water and is not easy to accumulate water, and is suitable for planting plants.
In the composite vegetation concrete for protecting the stone slope ecology, the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds, soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, straw crushed aggregates, a water-retaining agent and a compound fertilizer. The covering and filling material pellet has reasonable and moderate structure, high plant survival rate and rich nutrition, and is suitable for being used as a surface layer nutrient medium for slope ecological protection. During construction, the covering filler is sprayed on the surface of the porous hardened layer, along with the spraying process, a part of the covering filler enters the porous hardened layer along the open holes on the surface of the porous hardened layer and is filled in the middle of the hardened layer, so that a passage and conditions are provided for the growth, extension and permanent planting of plant roots, and meanwhile, the matrix loss rate is low, the slope stability is strong, and the smooth progress of slope planting is promoted.
In the preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the stone slope, the bottom layer anchoring concrete is prepared by adopting a glue wrapping method, 1/2 formula amount of water is firstly added into coarse aggregate, after the mixture is stirred and wetted, the residual dry materials are added, and finally the mixture is mixed and stirred with the liquid accelerator and the residual water, so that the obtained concrete has the characteristics of high viscosity, high strength and compactness. The porous hardened layer is formed by mixing partial cement and short straw materials to form a straw cement colloid, mixing the straw cement colloid with ceramsite to enable the ceramsite to be coated with glue, and then mixing the straw cement colloid with other raw materials to prevent the ceramsite from adsorbing a large amount of gel water when the ceramsite is directly mixed, and after the short straw materials are gradually degraded in the using process, open holes in the surface of the ceramsite are communicated with holes in the hardened layer to increase the water storage and water containing capacity of the hardened layer, so that the growth of plants is facilitated, and the drought resistance of a side slope ecosystem is improved.
The composite vegetation concrete for the ecological protection of the rocky slope is constructed by spraying, can form a rough anchoring bottom layer, a middle porous layer and a surface planting layer on the surface of the rocky slope, and has gradually reduced strength and cohesive force from bottom to top and gradually increased porosity and nutrient content; the composite concrete has strong binding force with the rocky slope and the layers on the whole, high stability, high planting speed and small loss of water, soil and matrix, and is suitable for ecological protection construction of rocky slopes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
In a specific embodiment, the cement used is a commercial P.O42.5 grade Portland cement. The main chemical components of the used fly ash are as follows according to mass percentage: SiO 22 44.6％、Al2O3 24.1％、Fe2O3 6.1％、CaO 16.9％、K2O 0.86％、Na2O 1.12％、MgO 1.68％、TiO21.05 percent. The coarse aggregate is continuous graded broken stone with nominal particle size of 5-10 mm. The fine aggregate is a mixture of medium sand (average particle diameter of 0.5-0.35mm) with fineness modulus of 3.0-2.3 and fine sand (average particle diameter of 0.35-0.25mm) with fineness modulus of 2.2-1.6 in a mass ratio of 4: 1. The rubber powder is waste tire rubber powder with the granularity of 50-60 meshes.
The water reducing agent is a commercially available polycarboxylate-type high-efficiency water reducing agent of BASF. The liquid accelerator is commercially available aluminum sulfate type liquid accelerator, specifically BASF (BASF) liquid accelerator. The water-retaining agent is a commercially available ammonium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and the water absorption rate is 100-120. The compound fertilizer is a commercial compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15-15-15 respectively, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%. The pH regulator is limestone or calcium superphosphate.
The ceramsite is sludge-based ceramsite with the bulk density of 500-800kg/m3The saturated water absorption is not less than 20%. The soil is surface soil of highway construction site, and is crushed and sieved before use to reach grain size not greater than 10mm and water content not greater than 20%. The used activated sludge is residual sludge in a secondary sedimentation tank of a municipal domestic sewage treatment plant, and the water content is 40 percent.
The short straw materials and the long straw materials are both wheat straws (the moisture content of dried wheat straws purchased from local farmers is 15-20%), the short straw materials and the long straw materials are cut into designed lengths (the short straw materials are 10-20mm and the long straw materials are 40-50mm) before use, the short straw materials and the long straw materials are soaked in polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 5.0% for 12 hours, and the short straw materials and the long straw materials are fished out and drained for later use. The crushed straw is wheat straw, and is cut into 3-10mm length before use.
In the construction method of the specific embodiment, the galvanized wire netting is a machine-woven diamond hot-galvanized wire netting with the diameter of phi 2.0mm, the mesh specification is 50mm multiplied by 50mm, and the width is 3.0 m.
Example 1
The composite vegetation concrete for protecting the stone slope ecology in the embodiment is composed of bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 82 parts of cement, 18 parts of fly ash, 255 parts of crushed stone with the thickness of 5-20mm, 130 parts of fine aggregate sand, 15 parts of rubber powder, 0.6 part of water reducing agent and 0.8 part of liquid accelerating agent, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of cement, 30 parts of fly ash, 190 parts of crushed stone of 5-10mm, 410 parts of ceramsite of 10-20mm, 20 parts of short straw material of 10-20mm, 30 parts of long straw material of 40-50mm, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.35;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 40 parts of activated sludge, 10 parts of fly ash, 75 parts of rice hulls, 75 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 5 parts of water-retaining agent and 4 parts of compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope comprises the following steps:
1) preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water (calculated according to the water-cement ratio) into the formula amount of crushed stone, stirring for 30s to uniformly wet the surface of the crushed stone, adding the obtained first glue material, the formula amount of sand and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 20s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 45s to obtain the bottom layer anchoring concrete;
2) preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the straw short material with the formula amount, adding water according to the water-to-gel ratio of 0.35 to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite with the formula amount, stirring to uniformly wrap the surface of the ceramsite with the glue, adding the second glue material, the crushed stone, the water reducing agent and the straw long material with the formula amount, continuously stirring for 20s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose with the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 50s to obtain a porous hardened material;
3) preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: the covering filler is prepared by mixing soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, straw crushed aggregates, a water-retaining agent, a compound fertilizer and plant seeds according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content of a system to be 60% and the pH value to be 6.5.
The construction method for performing stone slope ecological protection by adopting the composite vegetation concrete comprises the following steps:
1) slope surface cleaning: removing impurities, floating soil, broken stones and dangerous stones on the slope surface, and flattening the protruding part of the rock surface; the concave part of the slope surface does not need to be embedded and repaired, and the slope surface can be cleaned;
2) and (3) hanging a net: laying a galvanized iron wire net along the slope from top to bottom, and fixing the anchor rod; an anchoring steel bar is arranged at a position 50cm inwards of the slope top to fix the wire netting, the lap joint width of the horizontal adjacent wire netting is 10cm, the lap joint width of the vertical adjacent wire netting is 15cm, the wire netting is firmly bound at intervals by using wires, and the wire netting with the length of 20cm is reserved at the slope foot and is buried in the filling soil; the distance between the wire mesh and the slope surface is kept at 60 mm;
3) spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete: after the dry slope surface is wetted by water spray, uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope surface, spraying the concrete by a nozzle which is vertical to the slope surface, wherein the distance between the nozzle and the slope surface is 1.0m, the spraying thickness is 40mm, a rough anchoring bottom layer is formed below a wire netting, and the distance between a layer surface and the wire netting above the layer surface is 20 mm; on the rough anchoring bottom layer, ejecting every 2.0m from top to bottom along the slope to form an intercepting table which extends along the transverse direction and protrudes upwards by 50mm and exceeds the iron wire net; the cross section of the interception platform is trapezoidal, and the width of the upper table top is 60 mm; the intercepting table is provided with a water outlet for downward water drainage every 10m along the transverse extension direction, and the bottom of the water outlet is flush with the upper layer surface of the rough anchoring bottom layer;
4) spraying a porous hardening material: before the rough anchoring bottom layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying a porous hardening material on the rough anchoring bottom layer, spraying the porous hardening material by a nozzle which is vertical to the slope surface, wherein the distance between the nozzle and the slope surface is 0.8m, and the spraying thickness is 50mm to form a middle porous layer; during spraying, filling the drainage port formed in the step 3) with a porous hardening material (the drainage port is flush with the porous layer of the middle layer);
5) spraying covering filler; before the middle porous layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying covering filler containing plant seeds on the middle porous layer, spraying the covering filler by a nozzle perpendicular to the slope, wherein the distance between the nozzle and the slope is 0.6m, and the spraying thickness is 50mm to form an upper planting layer;
6) maintenance management: covering non-woven fabrics on the surface of the upper layer planting layer, watering and maintaining until the plant grows to 5-6cm high or 2-3 leaves grow out, and removing the non-woven fabrics.
Example 2
The composite vegetation concrete for protecting the stone slope ecology in the embodiment is composed of bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 84 parts of cement, 16 parts of fly ash, 260 parts of crushed stone with the thickness of 5-20mm, 130 parts of fine aggregate sand, 10 parts of rubber powder, 0.7 part of water reducing agent and 0.8 part of liquid accelerator, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 73 parts of cement, 27 parts of fly ash, 195 parts of crushed stone of 5-10mm, 405 parts of ceramsite of 10-20mm, 17 parts of short straw material of 10-20mm, 33 parts of long straw material of 40-50mm, 1.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.35;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 45 parts of activated sludge, 9 parts of fly ash, 72 parts of rice hulls, 73 parts of 3-10mm straw crushed materials, 4 parts of water-retaining agents and 4 parts of compound fertilizers.
The preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope comprises the following steps:
1) preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water into the formula amount of gravel, stirring for 20s to uniformly wet the surface of the gravel, adding the obtained first glue stock, the formula amount of sand and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 30s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 40s to obtain the bottom layer anchoring concrete;
2) preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the straw short material with the formula amount, adding water according to the proportion of 0.35 of the water-to-gel ratio to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite with the formula amount, stirring to uniformly wrap the surface of the ceramsite with the glue, adding the second glue material, the crushed stone, the water reducing agent and the straw long material with the formula amount, continuously stirring for 30s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose with the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 40s to obtain the straw cement colloid;
3) preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: the soil, the activated sludge, the fly ash, the rice hull, the straw crushed aggregates, the water-retaining agent and the compound fertilizer are mixed according to the formula amount, the water content of the system is adjusted to be 60 percent, and the pH value is adjusted to be 6.5, so that the covering filler is obtained.
The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by adopting the composite vegetation concrete is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The composite vegetation concrete for protecting the stone slope ecology in the embodiment is composed of bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 250 parts of crushed stone with the thickness of 5-10mm, 140 parts of fine aggregate sand, 10 parts of rubber powder, 0.8 part of water reducing agent and 0.8 part of liquid accelerating agent, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of cement, 25 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of crushed stone of 5-20mm, 400 parts of ceramsite of 10-20mm, 15 parts of short straw material of 10-20mm, 35 parts of long straw material of 40-50mm, 1.0 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.35;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 50 parts of activated sludge, 8 parts of fly ash, 70 parts of rice hulls, 70 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 3 parts of water-retaining agents and 4 parts of compound fertilizers.
The preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope comprises the following steps:
1) preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water into the formula amount of crushed stone, stirring for 25s to uniformly wet the surface of the crushed stone, adding the obtained first glue stock, the formula amount of sand and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 25s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 50s to obtain the bottom layer anchoring concrete;
2) preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the straw short material with the formula amount, adding water according to the proportion of 0.31-0.35 of the water-to-gel ratio to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite with the formula amount, stirring to enable the surface of the ceramsite to be uniformly coated with the glue, adding the second glue material, the crushed stone, the water reducing agent and the straw long material with the formula amount, continuously stirring for 25s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose with the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 45s to obtain the composite material;
3) preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: the covering filler is prepared by mixing soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, straw crushed aggregates, a water-retaining agent, a compound fertilizer and plant seeds according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content of a system to be 60% and the pH value to be 6.5.
The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by adopting the composite vegetation concrete is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Experimental example 1
The performance of the composite vegetation concrete obtained in examples 1 to 3 was measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Wherein, the soil aggregate structure is determined by adopting a dry screening method: taking a 1kg soil sample, sleeving sieve groups (with the aperture of 10mm, 5mm, 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm and 0.25mm) of a granule analyzer in the order from top to bottom, pouring the soil on the uppermost layer, shaking the sieve groups, respectively weighing the mass of the air-dried soil in each sieve group, and calculating the mass ratio.
Table 1 results of measuring properties of the composite vegetation concrete obtained in examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from Table 1, in the composite vegetation concrete obtained in examples 1 to 3, the 28d compressive strength of the underlying anchoring concrete reaches above 36.55MPa, the concrete/rock bonding strength (shear strength) reaches above 4.15MPa, the porosity is only 5.09% -5.47%, and the composite vegetation concrete has the characteristics of high strength, high viscosity and low porosity, has a strong anchoring effect on steep rocky slopes, and can be used on the surfaces of the rocky slopesThe surface forms an anchoring bottom layer with a rough surface, and a good foundation is laid for the planting of the upper nutrition base material and the plant seeds. The 28d compressive strength of the porous hardening material in the planting concrete reaches more than 25.91MPa, the bonding strength (shear strength) of the formed middle porous layer and the rough anchoring bottom layer reaches more than 3.44MPa, the porosity is 34.88-36.17%, the porosity is high, and the planting concrete has more open pores, is ventilated and permeable, and can promote the stretching and planting of the plant root system. The volume weight of the planting concrete is 1.18-1.25g/cm3The granular structure is reasonable and moderate, the survival rate of plants is high, the nutrition is rich, and the granular structure is suitable for being used as a surface layer nutrient medium for slope ecological protection.
Experimental example 2
The effectiveness and reliability of the composite vegetation concrete and the construction method for protecting the ecological environment of the rocky slope of the composite vegetation concrete are detected through a simulated slope experiment established outdoors. In the experiment, 3 simulated side slopes with the slope surface size of 5m multiplied by 6m are arranged on an open land in an outdoor open environment, the slope rates are respectively 1:1.25, 1:1 and 1:0.75 and are respectively marked as a simulated side slope I, a simulated side slope II and a simulated side slope III. The slope surface is paved by adopting masonry, and is subjected to joint filling and plastering by cement to obtain a lithologic smooth slope surface, so that the condition of a rocky side slope is simulated. And arranging corresponding collecting grooves at the slope bottoms of the simulated side slopes for collecting the matrix lost from the slope surfaces.
The experimental contents are as follows: ecological protection construction is carried out on the simulated side slope I, the simulated side slope II and the simulated side slope III by respectively adopting the composite vegetation concrete and the stone side slope ecological protection construction method in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3. After covering with the nonwoven fabric, normal maintenance (watering once every morning); collecting the soil in the collecting tank every 30 days, drying, calculating the mass ratio of the soil to the initial sprayed vegetation concrete, and calculating the plant coverage rate. The results are shown in Table 2.
Wherein the plant seeds are grass-shrub mixed seeds, the mass ratio of the grass seeds to shrub seeds is 7:3, the grass seeds are mixture of bermudagrass, festuca arundinacea and alfalfa in the mass ratio of 6:3:1, and the shrub seeds are mixture of amorpha fruticosa and negundo chastetree in the mass ratio of 2: 1; the dosage of the plant seeds is 25g/m2(slope).
Table 2 experimental results of the composite vegetation concrete and construction method for ecological protection of rocky slope thereof according to embodiments 1 to 3
Note: since the bottom layer anchoring concrete and the upper layer porous hardening material hardly run off after spray hardening (no bottom layer/middle layer concrete fragments were found in the collection tank in the experiment), no calculation is performed here.
As can be seen from table 2, the composite vegetation concrete and the construction method for ecological protection of rocky slopes thereof according to examples 1 to 3 have high germination rate and good growth status; after construction, the biological coverage rate of the rocky slope in 2 months reaches over 90 percent, and the vegetation of the rocky slope can be completely covered in 3 months. In an outdoor open environment, each layer of the composite vegetation concrete on the stone slope surface is complete in structure, relative displacement and sliding do not exist between the rough anchoring bottom layer and the slope surface, and between the middle porous layer and the rough anchoring bottom layer, rain wash resistance is achieved, and stability is high; when the rocky slope is fully covered by vegetation, the loss of the covering filler on the surface layer is very small; in the later stage, because the vegetation covers the slope completely, the loss of the matrix is further reduced, and the method has a good protective effect on the rocky slope.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a stone side slope is combined type vegetation concrete for ecological protection which characterized in that: comprises bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete consists of water and the following components in parts by weight: 82-85 parts of cement, 15-18 parts of fly ash, 260 parts of coarse aggregate, 140 parts of fine aggregate, 10-15 parts of rubber powder, 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent and 0.8-1.0 part of liquid accelerator, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.41-0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material consists of water and the following components in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of cement, 25-30 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of 190-sand aggregate, 410 parts of 10-20mm ceramsite, 15-20 parts of 10-20mm short straw material, 30-35 parts of 40-50mm long straw material, 0.5-0.7 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.31-0.35;
the covering filler consists of water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 40-50 parts of activated sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 70-75 parts of rice hulls, 70-75 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent and 3-5 parts of a compound fertilizer;
the fine aggregate is a mixture of medium sand with fineness modulus of 3.0-2.3 and fine sand with fineness modulus of 2.2-1.6 in a mass ratio of 3.5-4.5: 1; the rubber powder is waste tire rubber powder with the granularity of 30-60 meshes.
2. The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slopes according to claim 1, wherein: the coarse aggregate is continuous graded broken stone, and the nominal grain size is 5-10 mm.
3. The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slopes according to claim 1, wherein: the short straw material and the long straw material are wheat straws or rice straws, are cut into designed lengths before use, are soaked in a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 5.0-6.0% for 12-14h, and are fished out and drained for later use.
4. The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slopes according to claim 1, wherein: the ceramsite is sludge-based ceramsite with the bulk density of 500-800kg/m3The saturated water absorption is not less than 20%.
5. The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slopes according to claim 1, wherein: the water content of the covering filler is 60-65%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.3.
6. The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slopes according to claim 1, wherein: the activated sludge is residual sludge in a secondary sedimentation tank of a municipal sewage treatment plant, and the water content is 40-50%.
7. The method for preparing the composite vegetation concrete for the ecological protection of the rocky slope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water into the formula amount of coarse aggregate, stirring for 20-30s, adding the obtained first sizing material, the formula amount of fine aggregate and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 20-30s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 40-50s to obtain the concrete composite material;
preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the short straw materials according to the formula amount, adding water according to the proportion of 0.31-0.35 of the water-to-gel ratio to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite according to the formula amount, stirring to enable the surface of the ceramsite to be coated with the glue, adding the second glue material, the coarse aggregate, the water reducing agent and the long straw materials according to the formula amount, continuously stirring for 20-30s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose according to the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 40-50s to obtain the composite material;
preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: mixing the soil, the activated sludge, the fly ash, the rice hulls, the straw crushed materials, the water-retaining agent, the compound fertilizer and the plant seeds according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content and the pH value to obtain the fertilizer.
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| CN113149568B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-08-05 | 长江大学 | Sprayed ecological concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114835421B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-28 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Construction method of river channel prefabricated anti-impact ecological protection pad |
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