CN103299740A - Treatment method for recovering mine wasteland vegetation - Google Patents
Treatment method for recovering mine wasteland vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103299740A CN103299740A CN2013101772584A CN201310177258A CN103299740A CN 103299740 A CN103299740 A CN 103299740A CN 2013101772584 A CN2013101772584 A CN 2013101772584A CN 201310177258 A CN201310177258 A CN 201310177258A CN 103299740 A CN103299740 A CN 103299740A
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Abstract
The invention is applicable to the field of ecological remediation and provides a treatment method for recovering mine wasteland vegetation. The method comprises the following steps of preparing an improved suspension liquid; spraying the improved suspension liquid; performing permeation improvement; spraying and seeding soil dressing substrate and recovering vegetation. According to the treatment method, the improved suspension liquid is prepared and sprayed on the surface of a mine wasteland, and permeates and diffuses toward the deep layer of the mine wasteland by utilizing the gravity permeation effect of the improved suspension liquid, so that the purpose of deep permeation improvement is achieved, and thus acidic and heavy metal ions which are likely to be reversely permeated in the deep layer of the mine wasteland are prevented from being reversely permeated to the surface layer of the mine wasteland due to the soil capillary action; and on the basis of an improved soil layer, a vegetation layer is reestablished, grass and shrub plant seeds are sprayed and seeded, so that the purposes of realizing vegetation recovery and conserving water and soil are realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the restoration of the ecosystem field, relate in particular to the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation.
Background technology
Along with the exploitation of mineral resources, particularly unreasonably development and use have caused serious ecological problem, and these problems badly influence the territory ecological safety, directly threaten the mining area masses' productive life.In exploitation or production zone and a large amount of solid waste content of beary metal are too high, the mine solid slag is through rain drop erosion, leaching, very easily poisonous and harmful element is wherein infiltrated in the soil, cause soil acidification, have again disguise and chronicity, cause soil environment to worsen, vegetation degeneration, bio-diversity is unbalance.A lot of metal mine abandoned lands are because contain a large amount of sulfur minerals, and long-term exposed discarded ore deposit ground soil acidification and heavy metal pollution have increased the ecological recovery cost greatly, have seriously restricted the sustainable development of local economy society.Current, the ecological recovery of the exposed abandoned land of metal mine is a global problem, and set up a safety and stability is a huge challenge from the vegetation of keeping.For the soil that severe acidification (alkalization) occurs, particularly highly acid soil when carrying out restoration of the ecosystem, must carry out pollution control to ground, ore deposit, rebuilds ground, exposed ore deposit good soil environment.
At present, the method for carrying out the good environment reconstruction on the ground, ore deposit of acid and heavy-metal composite pollution is less, is not that single liming is exactly the Nutrition Soil that covers 0.5～1m.Adopt the single method that limes be difficult to rapidly in and ground, ore deposit deep layer acid and heavy metal ion is cured, and can not prevent again acidifying of sulfur mineral oxidation, the multiple acidizing degree of soil is strengthened.And the large tracts of land earthing needs a large amount of Nutrition Soils, and is with high costs, is difficult to be applicable to the revegetation problem of the large tracts of land Abandoned Land of Mine that causes because of historical reasons in China's exploitation of mineral resources.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation, during ground, the exposed ore deposit revegetation of the soil acidification that exists for the strip mining transformation metal mine and various heavy combined pollution, how be intended to solve to above-mentioned Abandoned Land of Mine carry out rapidly, the improvement of the degree of depth thinks that growing of vegetation provides a problem with deep soil environment of good physical chemical property.
The embodiment of the invention is achieved in that a kind of processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation may further comprise the steps:
Configuration improvement suspension: modifying agent is added the improvement suspension that water is configured to described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is improved control;
Spray described improvement suspension: comprehensive cover type is carried out on described Abandoned Land of Mine surface spray;
Infiltration improvement: utilize the gravity leakage effect of described improvement suspension to spread to form the improvement soil horizon to described Abandoned Land of Mine percdation;
The soil moved in to improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster: utilize the spray sowing technology to rebuild to plant at described improvement soil horizon and give birth to layer, and the grass of sowing grass seeds by duster is filled with plant seed; And
Repair vegetation: described grass is filled with plant carry out maintenance management.
Further, spray before the step of described improvement suspension further comprising the steps of:
The excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove; And/or
Beat permeability hole: carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.
Further, also comprise degree of depth improvement steps after the step of infiltration improvement: repeat described step of beating permeability hole step and/or the described improvement suspension of described sprinkling.
Further, also comprise in the step of the described soil moved in to improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster soil moved in to improve the original base material and organic substrate are puddled uniform step, described organic substrate comprises the indigenous top soil that sieves, is rich in organic biological organic fertilizer, vegetable fiber, spacetabs type composite fertilizer, flyash, rock phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, binding agent and water-loss reducer.
Further, described biological organic fertilizer utilizes the agriculture wastes such as municipal sludge, stalk, husk, mushroom residue, animal waste to form through aerobic fermentation.
The step of further, spraying described improvement suspension also comprises step:
Utilize agitator that described improvement suspension agitation is even; And
Utilize the careless machinery of spray or force pump that described improvement suspension evenly is sprayed to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface.
Further, described modifying agent comprise in proportion configuration be used for neutralize described Abandoned Land of Mine acid ion multiple basic matterial, be used for the heavy metal chelating material of the heavy metal ion of the described Abandoned Land of Mine of chelation treatment, sulfur mineral the oxidation again oxidation-resistant material of acidifying and the suspension material that plays suspension effect that is used for preventing described Abandoned Land of Mine.
Further, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for the each component of modifying agent described in the described improvement suspension: described multiple basic matterial is 5～15%, described heavy metal chelating material is 0.3～0.8%, described oxidation-resistant material 0.2～0.5% and described suspension material are 2～3%.
Further, described heavy metal chelating material comprises in proportion mixed uniformly ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid and S, S-EDDS.
Further, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for each component in the described heavy metal chelating material: described ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid is 0.3～0.5%, described hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid is 0.1～0.3% and described S, and the S-EDDS is 0.1～0.3%.
The processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation of the present invention is sprayed at the Abandoned Land of Mine surface equably by configuration improvement suspending agent and with described improvement suspending agent, the weight effect that utilizes the improvement suspending agent to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation the acidity of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and heavy metal ion are neutralized rapidly and solidify, play rapidly chemical modifying and control action, and rebuild to plant at the improvement soil horizon and give birth to layer and the grass of sowing grass seeds by duster is filled with plant, this provides the mine soil environment of good physical chemical property for growth and development of plants, and avoid the again problem such as acidifying or vegetation degeneration of mine soil, thereby the purpose that reaches revegetation and conserve water and soil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the processing method of the Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic to Abandoned Land of Mine infiltration improvement that the embodiment of the invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the processing method of the Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation that the embodiment of the invention provides may further comprise the steps:
Configuration improvement suspension: modifying agent is added the improvement suspension that water is configured to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is improved control;
Spray improvement suspension: comprehensive cover type is carried out on the Abandoned Land of Mine surface spray;
Infiltration improvement: utilize the gravity leakage effect of improvement suspension to spread to form the improvement soil horizon along permeability hole to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation;
The soil moved in to improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster: utilize the spray sowing technology to rebuild to plant at the improvement soil horizon and give birth to layer, and the grass of sowing grass seeds by duster is filled with plant seed; And
Vegetation is repaired: grass is filled with plant carry out maintenance management.
This processing method is by configuration improvement suspension, improvement suspension is sprayed at the Abandoned Land of Mine surface and utilizes the gravity leakage effect of this improvement suspension to spread to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, improvement suspension by infiltration is to acid and heavy metal is improved and control action, avoid the acid and heavy metal ion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer owing to the capillarity reverse osmosis that makes progress, and this improve edaphic basis rebuild plant give birth to layer and and the grass of sowing grass seeds by duster fill with plant seed, realize revegetation, for growth and development of plants provides one for a long time, stable, mine soil environment with good physical chemical property, be beneficial to plant root system development, promote revegetation.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the step of spraying described improvement suspension is before further comprising the steps of: the excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove.For different landform, excavate different grooves, for example domatic for Abandoned Land of Mine, should be along domatic horizontal direction excavation " V " type groove, wherein, the groove width scope is that 5～10 centimetres and adjacent trenches spacing are 10～15 centimetres; For milder landform, should excavate simple groove and get final product; For the larger landform of the gradient, should dig " V " type groove and institute's digging groove degree of depth and can form Intercepting effect with the groove outer and be advisable, prevent that namely the improvement suspension " overflow " that sprays from getting final product.By excavating groove at Abandoned Land of Mine, on the one hand, in order to destroy the surface structure of Abandoned Land of Mine, increase the porosity on Abandoned Land of Mine top layer, the improvement suspension that is beneficial to spray spreads to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, on the other hand, be to form liquid stream be used to the improvement suspension that prevents from spraying to run off along the Abandoned Land of Mine surface, thereby guarantee that improvement suspension fully permeates.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the step of spraying described improvement suspension is before further comprising the steps of: beat permeability hole: carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.Beat permeability hole at the contaminated serious position of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, be used for strengthening the improvement suspension that sprays and spread to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, effectively to improve and to control the pollution source of deep layer.Particularly, beaten the permeability hole that depth bounds is 20～50 the insides in the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer by acidifying, position seriously polluted or that be in " smoldering " state, pore diameter range is 1～2 the inside, the distribution density of permeability hole is 4～10 every square metre, the improvement suspension that sprays flows to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer along permeability hole, and utilizes described permeability hole to promote improvement suspension at faster, the darker diffusion in the with serious pollution zone of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the step of spraying described improvement suspension is before further comprising the steps of:
The excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove; With
Beat permeability hole: carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.
Actual landform excavation groove according to Abandoned Land of Mine, and for there being contaminated serious zone in the groove, in described groove, beat permeability hole, beating the zone excavation groove of permeability hole in other words, spread to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation with the improvement suspension that change Abandoned Land of Mine surface structure is beneficial to be sprayed by digging groove, in addition, make the improvement suspension that sprays infiltrate into the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer along permeability hole by permeability hole, strengthen the osmotic effect of improvement suspension, thereby strengthen the improved effect of Abandoned Land of Mine soil.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, also comprise degree of depth improvement steps after the step of infiltration improvement: repeat the step of described " beating permeability hole " and/or the step of described " spraying described improvement suspension ".Utilize this degree of depth improvement steps to rebuild Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil environment.For with serious pollution described Abandoned Land of Mine, on the one hand, can strengthen the distribution density of permeability hole and/or the degree of depth of increase permeability hole by beating permeability hole in this seriously polluted zone, carry out soil melioration so that the improvement suspension that sprays flows into the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer along permeability hole; On the other hand, also can increase the sprinkling amount of improvement suspension by repeat to spray improvement suspension in this zone, utilize acidity and the heavy metal ion of more improvement suspension improvement Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, thereby reach the purpose of soil melioration; And, can also be by at this Regional Gravity And strike-on permeability hole with repeat to spray improvement suspension, increase the distribution density of permeability hole and/or increase the degree of depth of permeability hole and the sprinkling amount that increases improvement suspension, the purpose of accelerating the seepage velocity of improvement suspension and making the improvement suspension that sprays neutralize fully and improve acidity and the heavy metal ion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.The improvement degree of depth for Abandoned Land of Mine has different situations about requiring, and by repeating to beat permeability hole, the degree of depth of permeability hole can be decided as requested, to satisfy the penetration depth requirement; By repeat sprinkling improvement suspension in this zone, the sprinkling amount of enhancing improvement suspension can be permeated to the different depth of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer so that improve suspension, and reaches the purpose of the soil melioration of different depth; Also can be by at this Regional Gravity And strike-on permeability hole with repeat to spray improvement suspension, accelerate the seepage velocity of improvement suspension and make the improvement suspension that sprays can be fully and the acidity of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and heavy metal ion neutralize fully and improve.Preferably, severe acidification or just more effective at the pollution Abandoned Land of Mine of acidifying has occured to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer in described degree of depth mode of ameliorating.
Please refer to Fig. 2, the depth bounds of the improvement soil horizon 4 that forms after the infiltration improvement is 20～50 centimetres even the darker degree of depth.Utilize improvement suspension 3 to infiltrate into the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer with neutralization and improvement acidity and heavy metal ion wherein, reach to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer rapidly, the purpose of deep layer improvement, reverse osmosis damages effect to planting the vegetation that gives birth to layer to reduce Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer acidity and heavy metal ion owing to capillarity.Preferably, this improvement soil horizon 4 comprises and is positioned at that depth bounds is 0～10 centimetre improvement top layer 40, to be positioned at depth bounds be 10～30 centimetres improvement middle level 42 and to be positioned at depth bounds be 30～50 centimetres improvement deep layer 45, in the process of spraying improvement suspension 2, improvement suspension 3 infiltrates into the density of improvement top layer 40, improvement middle level 42 and improvement deep layer 45 to be deepened to reduce because of the degree of depth.More serious for improvement deep layer internal contamination, can soil be improved by the mode of degree of depth improvement, thereby reach rapidly, the effective purpose of improvement.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, described modifying agent comprise in proportion configuration be used for neutralize described Abandoned Land of Mine acid ion multiple basic matterial, be used for the heavy metal chelating material of the heavy metal ion of the described Abandoned Land of Mine of chelation treatment, sulfur mineral the oxidation again oxidation-resistant material of acidifying and the suspension material that plays suspension effect that is used for preventing described Abandoned Land of Mine.Particularly, multiple basic matterial can be limestone powder, comprises in proportion mixed uniformly slaked lime (Ca(OH)
2), calcium carbonate (CaCO
3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO
3), be used for again acidifying or acid ion with the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, dissolving or be suspended in the alkali components of improvement in the suspending agent along with suspending agent spreads to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer equably to the infiltration of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, reach the purpose that acid ion in the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is neutralized and improves rapidly, direct pollution is planted living layer to planting living layer to stop its reverse osmosis, thereby the plant on the living layer is planted in protection; The heavy metal chelating material is used for the contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion of chelation treatment Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, dissolving or be suspended in the heavy metal chelating material of improvement in the suspending agent along with suspending agent spreads to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer equably to the infiltration of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, unsettled heavy metal ion is carried out chelating makes it be in stable state, reduce the toxicity of heavy metal ion, reduce plant to the absorption of heavy metal ion, play the rapidly effect of chemical modifying and control; Oxidation-resistant material is used for preventing the again acidifying of sulfur mineral oxidation of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, this oxidation-resistant material is along with suspending agent spreads to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer equably to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, around sulfur mineral etc., form water membrane attitude anti oxidation layer, prevent that effectively sulfur mineral from contacting the generation oxidation reaction and causing again acidifying of soil with on every side oxygen molecule; Suspension material is selected has good suspension and dispersed suspension bentonite, is used for each component of improvement suspending agent is played suspension effect.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention; oxidation-resistant material comprises in proportion mixed uniformly ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid); butylated hydroxy anisole (Butyl Hydroxy Anisd; be called for short BHA); antioxidant 264 (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene; be called for short BHT); n-propyl gallate (Proply Gallate; be called for short PG) and ditert-butylhydro quinone (Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone; be called for short TBHQ); can effectively prevent or at utmost delay sulfur mineral generation oxidation reaction; avoid soil is caused again acidifying; for growth and development of plants wins grace time; after ground, exposed ore deposit vegetation growth is grown, can form natural sealing and protective effect to the ore deposit ground surface, finally reach and recover the ecological purpose that conserves water and soil
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, modifying agent is added water be configured to improve suspension, utilize water that the each component in the modifying agent is formed improvement suspension, when conveniently spraying suspension can rapid osmotic to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, thereby the pollutant to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is controlled, configuration is simple, and easy to use.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, to account for the weight percentage ranges of improvement suspension as follows for the each component of modifying agent in the described improvement suspension: described multiple basic matterial is 5～15%, the heavy metal chelating material is 0.3～0.8%, oxidation-resistant material 0.2～0.5% and suspension material are 2～3%, and each component is evenly mixed to obtain improvement suspension be used to being convenient to sow grass seeds by duster with the water of surplus by weight percentage.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the heavy metal chelating material comprises in proportion mixed uniformly EDTA, hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid (Hydroxyethyl Ethylenediamine Triacetic Acid, be called for short HEDTA) and S, S-EDDS (S, S-Ethylene Diamine Disuccinic acid, be called for short S, S-EDDS).This EDTA along with improvement suspension to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation heavy metal ion such as the lead of chelating Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) effectively; HEDTA along with improvement suspension to the effective heavy metal ion such as chromium (Cr), Cd and nickel (Ni) of chelating Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer of Abandoned Land of Mine percdation; S, S-EDDS along with improvement suspension to the effective heavy metal ion such as Cu, the Zn of chelating Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and Pb of Abandoned Land of Mine percdation.Utilize this heavy metal chelating material the heavy metal ion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to be played the effect of effective chelating, prevent from being planted the vegetation absorption of living layer and being poisoned.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for each component in the heavy metal chelating material: described ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid is 0.3～0.5%, described hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid is 0.1～0.3% and described S, and the S-EDDS is 0.1～0.3%.With the heavy metal chelating material of aforementioned proportion and weight percentage ranges be 5～15% multiple basic matterial, weight percentage ranges be 0.2～0.5% oxidation-resistant material and weight percentage ranges to be 2～3% suspension material evenly mix with an amount of water, to obtain improveing suspension.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the processing method of this Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation also comprises step: utilize agitator that described improvement suspension agitation is even; And utilize the careless machinery of spray or force pump that described improvement suspension evenly is sprayed to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface.It is even that the agitator of utilization spray grass machinery will be improved suspension agitation, make the each component redissolve of modifying agent in water, so that spray rear each component uniformly penetrating to the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, thus play the purpose of effective improvement.Utilize the mechanical force pump of spray grass will improve suspension and be sprayed at equably the Abandoned Land of Mine surface, and utilize institute's digging groove to prevent that the improvement suspension that sprays from forming liquid stream and running off, the improvement suspension that sprays covers the Abandoned Land of Mine surface comprehensively, utilize the Action of Gravity Field of improvement suspension to make improvement suspension infiltrate into the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer along groove and/or permeability hole, thereby form the improvement soil horizon with certain depth.Utilize multiple basic matterial in the improvement suspending agent that the acid ion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is neutralized rapidly and utilize the heavy metal chelating material that wherein heavy metal ion is cured, thereby reach the rapidly effect of chemical modifying and control.Preferably, the consumption of the improvement suspending agent that sprays is that every square meter sprays 5～10L, also can adjust according to actual needs the relatively poor Abandoned Land of Mine of consumption, particularly permeability and can adopt a small amount of mode of repeatedly spraying, and each the sprinkling is as the criterion not form liquid stream.
Described improvement suspension is so that chip ballast, mine tailing slag etc. are darker as the main improvement degree of depth of polluting Abandoned Land of Mine, effect is more obvious.Slag, rubble gravel are that the soil porosity of main pollution Abandoned Land of Mine is larger, more are conducive to improve suspension to the Abandoned Land of Mine percdation.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, also comprise in the step of soil moved in to improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster soil moved in to improve the original base material and organic substrate are puddled uniform step, described organic substrate comprises the indigenous top soil that sieves, is rich in organic biological organic fertilizer, vegetable fiber, spacetabs type composite fertilizer, flyash, rock phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, binding agent and water-loss reducer.With this organic substrate as planting one of the material of giving birth to layer to provide growth and development of plants required basic nutrient.Preferably, being configured to of organic substrate: the indigenous top soil 50kg that sieves, biological organic fertilizer 40kg, vegetable fiber 5kg, spacetabs type composite fertilizer 1kg, flyash 500g, rock phosphate 500g, EDTA0.1kg, binding agent 0.2kg and water-loss reducer 0.15kg.This plants the thickness range of giving birth to layer is 5～15 centimetres, to provide plant growth required soil environment.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, biological organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, utilizes the agriculture wastes such as municipal sludge, stalk, husk, mushroom residue, animal waste to form through aerobic fermentation.The content of organic matter in this biological organic fertilizer surpasses 30%, and described organic matter is evenly distributed in the organic substrate, can provide organic supply for the later stage growth and development of plants, helps the recovery of Abandoned Land of Mine vegetation.This biological organic fertilizer forms through high-temperature aerobic fermentation, biological organic fertilizer is applied to the Mine ecology field of repairing can realizes changing rejected material to useful resource recycling, energy-saving and environmental protecting.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, fill with plant seed planting living aspect layer 1～2 centimeters grass of sowing grass seeds by duster, the careless shrub plant that the plant of sowing grass seeds by duster is selected acid resistance, anti-heavy metallic poison and can make green manure is such as Bermuda grass, Paspalum wettsteinii, lemongrass, large winged bean, Centrosema, white popinac, locust tree and masson pine etc.
It is to carry out maintenance management by the grass of sowing grass seeds by duster is filled with plant that vegetation is repaired, and realizes revegetation and the purpose that conserves water and soil.
The processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation of the present invention and existing evolutionary approach are (for example, lime, manually turn over plane etc.) compare, technology is more simple and feasible, one-time-reach-place, and can be more effectively to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer pollutant carry out rapidly, efficiently, the improvement of the degree of depth, in the time of can exploiting the revegetation of metal mine abandoned land in the open, set up long-term, more stable, as to have a good physicochemical property deep soil environment for growth and development of plants, avoid ore deposit ground soil acidity and heavy metal ion poisonous plant.
The present invention infiltrates into the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and gives birth to layer and rebuild and planting and give birth to layer that planting plants realizes to form the improvement soil horizon and to plant at this improvement soil horizon by improveing suspension, for plant growth provides long-term, stable, as to have a good physical chemical property mine soil environment, be beneficial to plant root system development and promote revegetation.
The processing method of the mine pollution ground revegetation that the embodiment of the invention is provided below in conjunction with the case of revegetation in the plumbous zinc ore restoration of the ecosystem of Jiangxi Dexing describes.
The basic condition in this mine: the top peel ply that this exposed Abandoned Land of Mine is open cut ore mine peels off the severely-weathered ground, rubble ore deposit that forms behind the earth's surface, upper strata; Ground, exposed ore deposit is comparatively mild, and the ore deposit subterranean layer all is the geologic structures such as the mineral ore, slag of serious weathering; Contain a large amount of sulfur minerals in the Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil, the soil severe acidification, ground, ore deposit deep layer pH value is between 2.0～4.5, oxidation acidifying (being in serious " state of smoldering ") is occuring to the part ore deposit, contain various heavy in the Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil simultaneously, comprise Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn etc.
The implementation step is as follows:
Excavation " V " type groove: according to the actual landform of exposed Abandoned Land of Mine, excavate some simple " V " type grooves at the domatic along continuous straight runs of Abandoned Land of Mine, and " V " type groove width is 10 centimetres, groove pitch is 15 centimetres;
Beat " infiltration " hole: beat the degree of depth at " smoldering " (just in acidifying) position and be " infiltration " hole of 50 centimetres, the aperture is 2 centimetres, and density is 8 every square metre;
Configuration improvement suspending agent: utilize multiple acidity and heavy metal ion improved materials, oxidation-resistant material, suspension material etc., add the improvement suspending agent that water configuration is formed for improveing polluting the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer control, the main material quality proportioning of this improvement suspending agent is as follows: limestone powder is 12%, EDTA is 0.5%, HEDTA is 0.3%, SEDDS is 0.2%, antioxidant is 0.5%, the suspension bentonite be 3% and water be 83.5%;
Spray the improvement suspending agent: utilize the spray grass machine (or force pump) with agitator evenly to spray the improvement suspending agent, the ore deposit ground surface is carried out comprehensively, sprays uniformly, the consumption of the improvement suspending agent that sprays is every square metre and sprays 8 liters, gradient larger part sprinkling 2 times;
Infiltration improvement: utilize the gravity leakage effect of improvement suspension, evenly to the diffusion of Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, will effectively improve uniform ingredients and be diffused into the Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, pollutant is improved control rapidly;
Degree of depth improvement: utilize as required the improvement suspending agent to rebuild Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil environment repeatedly to spray, increase the improvement degree of depth and improved effect, make the improvement suspension can be to the sufficient diffusion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, forming a degree of depth is 20～50 centimetres even darker improvement soil horizon;
The soil moved in to improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster: after to exposed Abandoned Land of Mine degree of depth improvement, utilize the spray sowing technology to plant at improvement soil horizon resurfacing and give birth to layer, wherein, the organic substrate configuration comprises the indigenous top soil 50kg that sieves, biofermentation fertilizer 40kg, vegetable fiber 5kg, spacetabs type composite fertilizer 1kg, flyash 500g, rock phosphate 500g, EDTA0.1kg, binding agent 0.2kg, water-loss reducer 0.15kg.The spraying and sowing plant growth layer thickness is 10 centimetres, 1～2 centimetre on spraying and sowing plant growth aspect layer (adding careless shrub seeds).Plant is selected acid resistance, anti-heavy metallic poison and can do the careless shrub plant of green manure, such as Bermuda grass, Paspalum wettsteinii, lemongrass, large winged bean, Centrosema, white popinac, locust tree, masson pine etc.; And
Vegetation is repaired: sow grass seeds by duster careless shrub plant after 1 year, exposed Abandoned Land of Mine vegetation coverage reaches more than 85%, and Vegetation community is reasonable, and vegetation degeneration does not occur, and the shrub plant progressively forms sociales, and soil and water conservation effect is remarkable.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the processing method of an Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Configuration improvement suspension: modifying agent is added the improvement suspension that water is configured to described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is improved control;
Spray described improvement suspension: comprehensive cover type is carried out on described Abandoned Land of Mine surface spray;
Infiltration improvement: utilize the gravity leakage effect of described improvement suspension to spread to form the improvement soil horizon to described Abandoned Land of Mine percdation;
The soil moved in to improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster: utilize the spray sowing technology to rebuild to plant at described improvement soil horizon and give birth to layer, and the grass of sowing grass seeds by duster is filled with plant seed; And
Repair vegetation: described grass is filled with plant carry out maintenance management.
2. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of spraying described improvement suspension is before further comprising the steps of:
The excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove; And/or
Beat permeability hole: carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.
3. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises degree of depth improvement steps after the step of infiltration improvement: repeat described step of beating permeability hole step and/or the described improvement suspension of described sprinkling.
4. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise in the step of the described soil moved in to improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster soil moved in to improve the original base material and organic substrate are puddled uniform step, described organic substrate comprises the indigenous top soil that sieves, is rich in organic biological organic fertilizer, vegetable fiber, spacetabs type composite fertilizer, flyash, rock phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, binding agent and water-loss reducer.
5. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described biological organic fertilizer utilizes the agriculture wastes such as municipal sludge, stalk, husk, mushroom residue, animal waste to form through aerobic fermentation.
6. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of spraying described improvement suspension also comprises step:
Utilize agitator that described improvement suspension agitation is even; And
Utilize the careless machinery of spray or force pump that described improvement suspension evenly is sprayed to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface.
7. such as the processing method of the described Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation of claim 1 to 6 any one, it is characterized in that, described modifying agent comprise in proportion configuration be used for neutralize described Abandoned Land of Mine acid ion multiple basic matterial, be used for the heavy metal chelating material of the heavy metal ion of the described Abandoned Land of Mine of chelation treatment, sulfur mineral the oxidation again oxidation-resistant material of acidifying and the suspension material that plays suspension effect that is used for preventing described Abandoned Land of Mine.
8. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the weight percentage ranges that the each component of modifying agent described in the described improvement suspension accounts for described improvement suspension is as follows: described multiple basic matterial is 5～15%, described heavy metal chelating material is 0.3～0.8%, described oxidation-resistant material 0.2～0.5% and described suspension material are 2～3%.
9. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described heavy metal chelating material comprises in proportion mixed uniformly ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid and S, S-EDDS.
10. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for each component in the described heavy metal chelating material: described ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid is 0.3～0.5%, described hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid is 0.1～0.3% and described S, and the S-EDDS is 0.1～0.3%.
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