CN103299740B - The processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation - Google Patents
The processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is applicable to restoration of the ecosystem field, and provide a kind of processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation, the method comprises the following steps: configuration improvement suspension; Spray improvement suspension; Infiltration improvement; To sow grass seeds by duster soil moved in improve the original base material and vegetation repair.This processing method is by configuration improvement suspension, by improvement spraying suspension Abandoned Land of Mine surface and utilize the gravity leakage effect of this improvement suspension to spread to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, by the improvement suspension of infiltration to acid and heavy metal is improved and control action, reach the object of depth of penetration improvement, with prevent Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer may the acidity of reverse osmosis and heavy metal ion because soil capillarity reverse osmosis is to Abandoned Land of Mine top layer, and on the edaphic basis of improvement, rebuild the object of planting generating layer and realizing revegetation with grass filling plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster and conserving water and soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to restoration of the ecosystem field, particularly relate to the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation.
Background technology
Along with the exploitation of mineral resources, particularly develop unreasonably, caused serious ecological problem, these problems badly influence territory ecological safety, directly threaten the productive life of the mining area masses.Exploitation or production zone and a large amount of solid waste content of beary metal too high, mine solid slag is through rain drop erosion, leaching, very easily poisonous and harmful element is wherein infiltrated in soil, cause soil acidification, there is again disguise and chronicity, cause soil environment to worsen, vegetation degeneration, bio-diversity is unbalance.A lot of metal mine discard because containing a large amount of sulfur mineral, discarded ore deposit ground soil acidification exposed for a long time and heavy metal pollution, significantly increase ecological recovery cost, seriously constrain the sustainable development of local economy society.Current, the ecological recovery on the exposed discarded ground of metal mine is a global problem, and set up a safety and stability from the vegetation maintained is a huge challenge.For the soil that severe acidification (alkalization) occurs, particularly highly acid soil, when carrying out restoration of the ecosystem, must carry out pollution control to ore deposit, rebuilds ground, exposed ore deposit good soil environment.
At present, the method for carrying out good environment reconstruction in the ore deposit of acid and heavy-metal composite pollution is less, be not single liming is exactly the Nutrition Soil covering 0.5 ~ 1m.Adopt the single method limed to be difficult to be cured with the acidity of ground, ore deposit deep layer and heavy metal ion rapidly, and sulfur mineral can not be prevented to be oxidized acidifying again, the multiple acidizing degree of soil also can be made simultaneously to strengthen.And large area earthing needs a large amount of Nutrition Soils, with high costs, be difficult to be applicable to the revegetation problem of the large area Abandoned Land of Mine caused because of historical reasons in China's exploitation of mineral resources.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation, during ground, the exposed ore deposit revegetation of the soil acidification existed for strip mining transformation metal mine and various heavy combined pollution, be intended to solve how above-mentioned Abandoned Land of Mine is carried out rapidly, the improvement of the degree of depth thinks that growing of vegetation provides a problem with the deep soil environment of good physical chemical property.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation comprises the following steps:
Configuration improvement suspension: modifying agent is added water and is configured to carry out improveing the improvement suspension controlled to described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer;
Spray described improvement suspension: comprehensive cover type sprinkling is carried out to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface;
Infiltration improvement: utilize the gravity leakage effect of described improvement suspension to described Abandoned Land of Mine percdation diffusion to form improvement soil horizon;
To sow grass seeds by duster soil moved in improve the original base material: utilize mixed grass spraying to rebuild on described improvement soil horizon and plant generating layer, and plant seed filled with by grass of sowing grass seeds by duster; And
Repair vegetation: plant is filled with to described grass and carries out maintenance management.
Further, further comprising the steps of before spraying the step of described improvement suspension:
Excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove; And/or
Beat permeability hole: carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.
Further, degree of depth improvement steps is also comprised after the step that infiltration improves: repeat described step of beating permeability hole step and/or the described improvement suspension of described sprinkling.
Further, also comprise in the step of described soil moved in improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster and soil moved in improve the original base material and organic substrate are puddled uniform step, described organic substrate comprises the indigenous top soil that sieves, is rich in organic biological organic fertilizer, vegetable fiber, spacetabs type composite fertilizer, flyash, rock phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, binding agent and water-loss reducer.
Further, described biological organic fertilizer utilizes the agriculture wastes such as municipal sludge, stalk, husk, mushroom residue, animal waste to form through aerobic fermentation.
Further, the step of spraying described improvement suspension also comprises step:
Utilize agitator by even for described improvement suspension agitation; And
Spray grass machinery or force pump is utilized described improvement uniform suspension to be sprayed to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface.
Further, described modifying agent comprise configure in proportion for neutralize the acid ion in described Abandoned Land of Mine multiple basic matterial, for the heavy metal chelating material of the heavy metal ion in Abandoned Land of Mine described in chelation treatment, for preventing the sulfur mineral of described Abandoned Land of Mine be oxidized the oxidation-resistant material of acidifying again and play the suspension material of suspension effect.
Further, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for each component of modifying agent described in described improvement suspension: described multiple basic matterial is 5 ~ 15%, described heavy metal chelating material is 0.3 ~ 0.8%, described oxidation-resistant material 0.2 ~ 0.5% and described suspension material are 2 ~ 3%.
Further, described heavy metal chelating material comprises mixed uniformly ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid and S, S-EDDS in proportion.
Further, in described heavy metal chelating material, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for each component: described ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid is 0.3 ~ 0.5%, described hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid be 0.1 ~ 0.3% and described S, S-EDDS be 0.1 ~ 0.3%.
The processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation of the present invention improves suspending agent by configuration and described improvement suspending agent is sprayed at Abandoned Land of Mine surface equably, utilize the weight effect of improvement suspending agent to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation to neutralize rapidly the acidity of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and heavy metal ion and to solidify, play chemical modifying and control action rapidly, and reconstruction plants generating layer and grass filling plant of sowing grass seeds by duster on improvement soil horizon, this provides the mine soil environment of good physical chemical property for growth and development of plants, and avoid the mine soil problem such as acidifying or vegetation degeneration again, thus the object reaching revegetation and conserve water and soil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the processing method of the Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic to Abandoned Land of Mine infiltration improvement that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the processing method of the Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises the following steps:
Configuration improvement suspension: modifying agent is added water and is configured to carry out improveing the improvement suspension controlled to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer;
Spray improvement suspension: comprehensive cover type sprinkling is carried out to Abandoned Land of Mine surface;
Infiltration improvement: utilize the gravity leakage effect of improvement suspension to spread to form improvement soil horizon along permeability hole to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation;
To sow grass seeds by duster soil moved in improve the original base material: utilize mixed grass spraying to rebuild on improvement soil horizon and plant generating layer, and plant seed filled with by grass of sowing grass seeds by duster; And
Vegetation repair: plant is filled with to grass and carries out maintenance management.
This processing method is by configuration improvement suspension, by improvement spraying suspension Abandoned Land of Mine surface and utilize the gravity leakage effect of this improvement suspension to spread to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, by the improvement suspension of infiltration to acid and heavy metal is improved and control action, avoid the acid and heavy metal ion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer due to capillarity upwards reverse osmosis, and reconstruction is planted generating layer and is filled with plant seed with grass of sowing grass seeds by duster on the edaphic basis of this improvement, realize revegetation, for growth and development of plants provides one for a long time, stable, there is the mine soil environment of good physical chemical property, be beneficial to plant root system development, promote revegetation.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, further comprising the steps of before spraying the step of described improvement suspension: excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove.For different landform, excavate different grooves, such as, domatic for Abandoned Land of Mine, should along domatic horizontal direction excavation " V " type groove, wherein, groove width scope is 5 ~ 10 centimetres and adjacent trenches spacing is 10 ~ 15 centimetres; For milder landform, simple groove should be excavated; For the landform that the gradient is larger, " V " type groove should be dug and institute's digging groove degree of depth can form Intercepting effect with groove outer is advisable, namely prevent sprayed improvement suspension " overflow ".By excavating groove at Abandoned Land of Mine, on the one hand, it is the surface structure in order to destroy Abandoned Land of Mine, increase the porosity on Abandoned Land of Mine top layer, be beneficial to sprayed improvement suspension spread to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, on the other hand, be run off along Abandoned Land of Mine surface for preventing the improvement suspension sprayed from forming liquid stream, thus ensure that improvement suspension fully permeates.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, further comprising the steps of before spraying the step of described improvement suspension: to beat permeability hole: to carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.Permeability hole is beaten, for strengthening sprayed improvement suspension to the diffusion of Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, effectively to improve and to control the pollution source of deep layer at the contaminated serious position of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.Particularly, being beaten depth bounds in Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer by acidifying, position that is seriously polluted or that be in " smoldering " state is permeability hole inside 20 ~ 50, pore diameter range is inside 1 ~ 2, the distribution density of permeability hole is 4 ~ 10 every square metre, the improvement suspension sprayed flows to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer along permeability hole, and utilize described permeability hole promote improvement suspension in the with serious pollution region of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer sooner, darker diffusion.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, further comprising the steps of before spraying the step of described improvement suspension:
Excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove; With
Beat permeability hole: carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.
According to the actual landform excavation groove of Abandoned Land of Mine, and for there is contaminated serious region in groove, permeability hole is beaten in described groove, beating the region excavation groove of permeability hole in other words, be beneficial to sprayed improvement suspension by digging groove spread to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation to change Abandoned Land of Mine surface structure, in addition, sprayed improvement suspension is made to infiltrate into Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer along permeability hole by permeability hole, strengthen the osmotic effect of improvement suspension, thus strengthen the improved effect of Abandoned Land of Mine soil.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, after the step of infiltration improvement, also comprise degree of depth improvement steps: repeat the described step of " beating permeability hole " and/or the step of described " spraying described improvement suspension ".This degree of depth improvement steps is utilized to rebuild Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil environment.For with serious pollution described Abandoned Land of Mine, on the one hand, by beating permeability hole in this seriously polluted region, the distribution density of permeability hole can be strengthened and/or increase the degree of depth of permeability hole, flowing into Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to make sprayed improvement suspension along permeability hole and carry out soil melioration; On the other hand, also by repeating in this region to spray improvement suspension, the fountain height of improvement suspension can be increased, utilizing acidity and the heavy metal ion of more improvement suspension improvement Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, thus reaching the object of soil melioration; And, can also by spraying improvement suspension at this Regional Gravity strike-on permeability hole with repeating, the fountain height of the distribution density increasing permeability hole and/or the degree of depth increasing permeability hole and increase improvement suspension, accelerates the seepage velocity of improvement suspension and makes the object that sprayed improvement suspension neutralizes completely the acidity of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and heavy metal ion and improves.The improvement degree of depth for Abandoned Land of Mine has different situation about requiring, by repeating to beat permeability hole, the degree of depth of permeability hole can be determined as requested, to meet penetration depth requirement; By repeating in this region to spray improvement suspension, strengthening the fountain height of improvement suspension, to make improvement suspension can permeate to the different depth of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, and reaching the object of the soil melioration of different depth; Also can by this Regional Gravity strike-on permeability hole with repeat to spray improvement suspension, accelerate improvement suspension seepage velocity and make sprayed improvement suspension can completely and the acidity of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and heavy metal ion neutralize completely and improve.Preferably, there is severe acidification or just more effective at the pollution Abandoned Land of Mine of acidifying to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer in described degree of depth mode of ameliorating.
Please refer to Fig. 2, the depth bounds of improvement soil horizon 4 formed after infiltration improvement is 20 ~ 50 centimetres of even darker degree of depth.Improvement suspension 3 is utilized to infiltrate into Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer with the acidity neutralized and improve wherein and heavy metal ion, to reach Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer rapidly, the object of deep layer improvement, with reduce the acid and heavy metal ion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer due to capillarity reverse osmosis, effect is damaged to the vegetation planting generating layer.Preferably, this improvement soil horizon 4 comprises and is positioned at that depth bounds is the improvement top layer 40 of 0 ~ 10 centimetre, to be positioned at depth bounds be the improvement middle level 42 of 10 ~ 30 centimetres and be positioned at the improvement deep layer 45 that depth bounds is 30 ~ 50 centimetres, in the process of spraying improvement suspension 2, the density that improvement suspension 3 infiltrated into and improve top layer 40, improved middle level 42 and improvement deep layer 45 reduces because of depth down.Comparatively serious for the internal contamination of improvement deep layer, the mode that can be improved by the degree of depth is improved soil, thus reaches object that is rapid, effectively improvement.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, described modifying agent comprise configure in proportion for neutralize the acid ion in described Abandoned Land of Mine multiple basic matterial, for the heavy metal chelating material of the heavy metal ion in Abandoned Land of Mine described in chelation treatment, for preventing the sulfur mineral of described Abandoned Land of Mine be oxidized the oxidation-resistant material of acidifying again and play the suspension material of suspension effect.Particularly, multiple basic matterial can be limestone powder, comprises mixed uniformly slaked lime (Ca(OH) in proportion
2), calcium carbonate (CaCO
3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO
3), for in and the acidifying again of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer or acid ion, to dissolve or the alkali components be suspended in improvement suspending agent spreads to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to the infiltration of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer equably along with suspending agent, reach the object that acid ion in Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is neutralized rapidly and improved, directly to pollute to planting generating layer to stop its reverse osmosis and plant generating layer, thus protect the plant planted in generating layer; Heavy metal chelating material is used for the contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion of chelation treatment Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, to dissolve or the heavy metal chelating material be suspended in improvement suspending agent spreads to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to the infiltration of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer equably along with suspending agent, carrying out chelating to the heavy metal ion of instability makes it be in stable state, reduce the toxicity of heavy metal ion, reduce the absorption of plant heavy metal ion, play the effect of chemical modifying and control rapidly; Oxidation-resistant material is oxidized acidifying again for preventing the sulfur mineral of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, this oxidation-resistant material spreads to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation equably along with suspending agent, around sulfur mineral etc., form water membrane state anti oxidation layer, effectively prevent sulfur mineral from contacting with the oxygen molecule of surrounding and oxidation reaction occurs and causes soil acidifying again; Suspension material is selected has good suspension and dispersed suspension bentonite, for playing suspension effect to each component in improvement suspending agent.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, oxidation-resistant material comprises mixed uniformly ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EthyleneDiamineTetraaceticAcid in proportion, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), butylated hydroxy anisole (ButylHydroxyAnisd, be called for short BHA), antioxidant 264 (ButylatedHydroxyToluene, be called for short BHT), n-propyl gallate (ProplyGallate, be called for short PG) and ditert-butylhydro quinone (TertiaryButylHydroquinone, be called for short TBHQ), can effectively prevent or at utmost delay sulfur mineral generation oxidation reaction, avoid causing acidifying again to soil, for growth and development of plants wins grace time, natural closing and protective effect can be formed to ore deposit ground surface after ground, exposed ore deposit vegetation growth is grown, finally reach and recover the ecological object conserved water and soil
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, modifying agent is added water and is configured to improve suspension, utilize water that each component in modifying agent is formed improvement suspension, when spraying to facilitate suspension can rapid osmotic to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, thus the pollutant of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer is controlled, configuration is simple, and easy to use.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, in described improvement suspension, to account for the weight percentage ranges of improvement suspension as follows for each component of modifying agent: described multiple basic matterial is 5 ~ 15%, heavy metal chelating material is 0.3 ~ 0.8%, oxidation-resistant material 0.2 ~ 0.5% and suspension material are 2 ~ 3%, each component is carried out by weight percentage Homogeneous phase mixing with the water of surplus to obtain for being convenient to the improvement suspension of sowing grass seeds by duster.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, heavy metal chelating material comprises mixed uniformly EDTA, hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid (HydroxyethylEthylenediamineTriaceticAcid in proportion, be called for short HEDTA) and S, S-EDDS (S, S-EthyleneDiamineDisuccinicacid, be called for short S, S-EDDS).This EDTA along with improvement suspension can the heavy metal ion such as the lead (Pb) of chelating Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) effectively to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation; HEDTA along with improvement suspension can the effective heavy metal ion such as the chromium (Cr) of chelating Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, Cd and nickel (Ni) to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation; S, S-EDDS along with improvement suspension can the heavy metal ion such as Cu, Zn and Pb of effective chelating Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation.Utilize the heavy metal ion of this heavy metal chelating material to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to play the effect of effective chelating, prevent from being absorbed by the vegetation planting generating layer and being poisoned.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, in heavy metal chelating material, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for each component: described ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid is 0.3 ~ 0.5%, described hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid be 0.1 ~ 0.3% and described S, S-EDDS be 0.1 ~ 0.3%.Be the multiple basic matterial of 5 ~ 15% by the heavy metal chelating material of aforementioned proportion and weight percentage ranges, weight percentage ranges be 0.2 ~ 0.5% oxidation-resistant material and weight percentage ranges be the suspension material of 2 ~ 3% and appropriate water Homogeneous phase mixing, with obtain improve suspension.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the processing method of this Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation also comprises step: utilize agitator by even for described improvement suspension agitation; And utilize spray grass machinery or force pump described improvement uniform suspension to be sprayed to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface.Utilize the agitator of spray grass machinery will improve suspension agitation even, make each component redissolve of modifying agent in water, with each component uniformly penetrating after making sprinkling to Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, thus play effective object improved.Utilize the force pump of spray grass machinery that improvement uniform suspension is sprayed at Abandoned Land of Mine surface, and utilize institute's digging groove to prevent sprayed improvement suspension from forming the loss of liquid stream, the improvement suspension sprayed covers Abandoned Land of Mine surface comprehensively, utilize the Action of Gravity Field of improvement suspension to make improvement suspension infiltrate into Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer along groove and/or permeability hole, thus form the improvement soil horizon with certain depth.Utilize the multiple basic matterial in improvement suspending agent neutralize rapidly the acid ion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer and utilize heavy metal chelating material to be cured heavy metal ion wherein, thus reach the effect of chemical modifying and control rapidly.Preferably, the consumption of the improvement suspending agent sprayed is that every square meter sprays 5 ~ 10L, and also can adjust consumption according to actual needs, the Abandoned Land of Mine that particularly permeability is poor can adopt the mode of repeatedly spraying on a small quantity, and each sprinkling is as the criterion not form liquid stream.
Described improvement suspension darker based on the improvement degree of depth polluting Abandoned Land of Mine of chip ballast, mine tailing slag etc., effect is more obvious.Slag, rubble gravel are that the soil porosity of the pollution Abandoned Land of Mine of master is comparatively large, are more conducive to improvement suspension to Abandoned Land of Mine percdation.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, sow grass seeds by duster soil moved in improve the original base material step in also comprise soil moved in improve the original base material and organic substrate puddled uniform step, described organic substrate comprises the indigenous top soil that sieves, is rich in organic biological organic fertilizer, vegetable fiber, spacetabs type composite fertilizer, flyash, rock phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, binding agent and water-loss reducer.Using this organic substrate as one of material of planting generating layer to provide the basic nutrient needed for growth and development of plants.Preferably, being configured to of organic substrate: the indigenous top soil 50kg that sieves, biological organic fertilizer 40kg, vegetable fiber 5kg, spacetabs type composite fertilizer 1kg, flyash 500g, rock phosphate 500g, EDTA0.1kg, binding agent 0.2kg and water-loss reducer 0.15kg.This thickness range of planting generating layer is 5 ~ 15 centimetres, to provide the soil environment needed for plant growth.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, biological organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, utilizes the agriculture wastes such as municipal sludge, stalk, husk, mushroom residue, animal waste to form through aerobic fermentation.The content of organic matter in this biological organic fertilizer is more than 30%, and described organic matter is evenly distributed in organic substrate, can provide organic supply, contribute to the recovery of Abandoned Land of Mine vegetation for later stage growth and development of plants.This biological organic fertilizer is through high-temperature aerobic fermentation, biological organic fertilizer is applied to Mine ecology field of repairing and can realizes changing rejected material to useful resource recycling, energy-saving and environmental protecting.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, plant generating layer surface layer 1 ~ 2 centimeters sow grass seeds by duster grass fill with plant seed, the Plant choosing acid resistance sowed grass seeds by duster, resistance to heavy metallic poison and the careless shrub plant of green manure can be done, as Bermuda grass, Paspalum wettsteinii, lemongrass, large winged bean, Centrosema, white popinac, locust tree and masson pine etc.
Vegetation repair carries out maintenance management, the object realizing revegetation and conserve water and soil by filling with plant to sowed grass seeds by duster grass.
The processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation of the present invention and existing evolutionary approach are (such as, lime, manually turn over plane etc.) compare, technology is more simple and feasible, one-time-reach-place, and can more effective Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer pollutant be carried out rapidly, the improvement of efficient, the degree of depth, when can exploit the revegetation of metal mine discarded ground in the open, for growth and development of plants sets up long-term, more stable, to have a good physicochemical property deep soil environment, avoid ore deposit ground soil acidity and heavy metal ion poisonous plant.
The present invention is by infiltrating into Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer to form improvement soil horizon carrying out on this improvement soil horizon and plant generating layer reconstruction and planting plants in generating layer realizes planting by improvement suspension, for plant growth provides long-term, stable, to have a good physical chemical property mine soil environment, be beneficial to plant root system development and promote revegetation.
The processing method of case to the mine pollution ground revegetation that the embodiment of the present invention provides below in conjunction with revegetation in the restoration of the ecosystem of Jiangxi Dexing Pb-Zn deposits is described.
The basic condition in this mine: this exposed Abandoned Land of Mine is the severely-weathered ground, rubble ore deposit formed after the top peel ply of open cut ore mine peels off earth's surface, upper strata; Ground, exposed ore deposit is comparatively mild, and ore deposit subterranean layer is all the geologic structure such as mineral ore, slag of serious weathering; Containing a large amount of sulfur mineral in Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil, soil severe acidification, ground, ore deposit deep layer pH value is between 2.0 ~ 4.5, there is to part ore deposit oxidation acidifying (being in serious " state of smoldering "), contain various heavy in Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil simultaneously, comprise Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn etc.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
Excavation " V " type groove: according to the actual landform of exposed Abandoned Land of Mine, excavate some simple " V " type grooves in the horizontal direction Abandoned Land of Mine is domatic, and " V " type groove width is 10 centimetres, groove pitch is 15 centimetres;
Beat " infiltration " hole: beat at " smoldering " (just in acidifying) position " infiltration " hole that the degree of depth is 50 centimetres, aperture is 2 centimetres, and density is 8 every square metre;
Configuration improvement suspending agent: utilize multiple acidity and heavy metal ion improved materials, oxidation-resistant material, suspension material etc., the configuration that adds water is formed for carrying out improveing the improvement suspending agent controlled to polluting Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, and the main material quality proportioning of this improvement suspending agent is as follows: limestone powder is 12%, EDTA is 0.5%, HEDTA is 0.3%, SEDDS is 0.2%, antioxidant is 0.5%, suspension bentonite be 3% and water be 83.5%;
Spray improvement suspending agent: utilize spray grass machine (or force pump) of band agitator evenly to spray improvement suspending agent, carry out comprehensively, uniformly spraying to ore deposit ground surface, the consumption of the improvement suspending agent sprayed is every square metre and sprays 8 liters, and gradient larger part sprays 2 times;
Infiltration improvement: the gravity leakage effect utilizing improvement suspension, evenly to the diffusion of Abandoned Land of Mine percdation, being diffused into Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer by effectively improveing uniform ingredients, improveing control rapidly to pollutant;
The degree of depth improves: utilize improvement suspending agent to rebuild Abandoned Land of Mine deep soil environment repeatedly to spray as required, increase the improvement degree of depth and improved effect, enable improvement suspension to the sufficient diffusion of Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, forming a degree of depth is 20 ~ 50 centimetres of even darker improvement soil horizons;
To sow grass seeds by duster soil moved in improve the original base material: after to exposed Abandoned Land of Mine degree of depth improvement, utilize mixed grass spraying to plant generating layer at improvement soil horizon resurfacing, wherein, organic substrate configuration comprises the indigenous top soil 50kg that sieves, Biologically-fermentorganic organic fertilizer 40kg, vegetable fiber 5kg, spacetabs type composite fertilizer 1kg, flyash 500g, rock phosphate 500g, EDTA0.1kg, binding agent 0.2kg, water-loss reducer 0.15kg.Spraying and sowing plant growth layer thickness is 10 centimetres, 1 ~ 2 centimetre, spraying and sowing plant growth aspect layer (adding careless shrub seeds).Plant choosing acid resistance, resistance to heavy metallic poison and the careless shrub plant of green manure can be done, as Bermuda grass, Paspalum wettsteinii, lemongrass, large winged bean, Centrosema, white popinac, locust tree, masson pine etc.; And
Vegetation repair: sow grass seeds by duster careless shrub plant after 1 year, exposed Abandoned Land of Mine vegetation coverage reaches more than 85%, Vegetation community is reasonable, and vegetation degeneration does not occur, and shrub plant progressively forms sociales, and soil and water conservation effect is remarkable.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a processing method for Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Configuration improvement suspension: modifying agent is added water and is configured to carry out improveing the improvement suspension controlled to described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer, described modifying agent comprise configure in proportion for neutralize the acid ion in described Abandoned Land of Mine multiple basic matterial, for the heavy metal ion in Abandoned Land of Mine described in chelation treatment heavy metal chelating material, for preventing the sulfur mineral of described Abandoned Land of Mine be oxidized the oxidation-resistant material of acidifying again and play the suspension material of suspension effect, multiple basic matterial comprises mixed uniformly slaked lime (Ca (OH) in proportion
2), calcium carbonate (CaCO
3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO
3), the weight percentage ranges that each component of modifying agent described in described improvement suspension accounts for described improvement suspension is as follows: described multiple basic matterial is 5 ~ 15%, described heavy metal chelating material is 0.3 ~ 0.8%, described oxidation-resistant material 0.2 ~ 0.5% and described suspension material are 2 ~ 3%;
Spray described improvement suspension: comprehensive cover type sprinkling is carried out to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface;
Infiltration improvement: utilize the gravity leakage effect of described improvement suspension to described Abandoned Land of Mine percdation diffusion to form improvement soil horizon, described improvement soil horizon comprises and is positioned at that depth bounds is the improvement top layer of 0 ~ 10 centimetre, to be positioned at depth bounds be the improvement middle level of 10 ~ 30 centimetres and be positioned at the improvement deep layer that depth bounds is 30 ~ 50 centimetres, and described improvement suspension infiltrates into described improvement top layer, the density of described improvement middle level and described improvement deep layer reduces because of depth down;
To sow grass seeds by duster soil moved in improve the original base material: utilize mixed grass spraying to rebuild on described improvement soil horizon and plant generating layer, and plant seed filled with by grass of sowing grass seeds by duster; And
Repair vegetation: plant is filled with to described grass and carries out maintenance management.
2. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of before spraying the step of described improvement suspension:
Excavation groove: the actual landform according to exposed described Abandoned Land of Mine excavates described groove; And/or
Beat permeability hole: carry out at the contaminated serious position of described Abandoned Land of Mine deep layer.
3. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises degree of depth improvement steps after the step of infiltration improvement: repeat described step of beating permeability hole step and/or the described improvement suspension of described sprinkling.
4. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise in the step of described soil moved in improve the original base material of sowing grass seeds by duster and soil moved in improve the original base material and organic substrate are puddled uniform step, described organic substrate comprises the indigenous top soil that sieves, is rich in organic biological organic fertilizer, vegetable fiber, spacetabs type composite fertilizer, flyash, rock phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, binding agent and water-loss reducer.
5. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described biological organic fertilizer utilizes municipal sludge, stalk, husk, mushroom residue, animal waste agriculture wastes to form through aerobic fermentation.
6. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step of spraying described improvement suspension also comprises step:
Utilize agitator by even for described improvement suspension agitation; And
Spray grass machinery or force pump is utilized described improvement uniform suspension to be sprayed to described Abandoned Land of Mine surface.
7. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heavy metal chelating material comprises mixed uniformly ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid and S, S-EDDS in proportion.
8. the processing method of Abandoned Land of Mine revegetation as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described heavy metal chelating material, to account for the weight percentage ranges of described improvement suspension as follows for each component: described ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid is 0.3 ~ 0.5%, described hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid be 0.1 ~ 0.3% and described S, S-EDDS be 0.1 ~ 0.3%.
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