CN105917787B - A kind of beach saline land rapidly and efficiently improves greening method - Google Patents
A kind of beach saline land rapidly and efficiently improves greening method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of beach saline lands rapidly and efficiently to improve greening method, includes the following steps：1) planting groove is excavated；2) it is laid with horizontal desalting system；3) it is laid with vertical salt discharge aerating system；4) soil structure improved addictive；5) irrigation leaching；6) improvement of soil fertility is conserved with transplanted seedling tree；The present invention improves coastal saline-alkali soil elution efficiency and desalting effect.Horizontal and vertical movement of the irrigation leaching water in soil can be improved using the present invention, the draining salt discharge efficiency of irrigation leaching water salt leaching efficiency and horizontal, vertical desalting system is improved, shorten the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of saline land greening method, especially a kind of beach saline land original soil rapidly and efficiently improves greening
Method.
Background technology
A large amount of beach saline land is distributed in China's Coastal Areas.Low flat, the soil salt content height of beach saline land topography,
Lower water level is high, constrains the utilization of beach saline land land resource and the construction of area ecological environment.Coastal area is for I
State's population is most dense, most economically developed region, and science, ecology efficiently administer beach saline land to improving coastal area ecology
Living environment promotes Sustainable Socioeconomic Development to be of great significance.
It is influenced by special on the spot environment and edaphic condition, the coastal saline-alkali land reform good desalination time is long, efficiency is low, effect
Difference.Since beach saline land original soil improves difficulty, current beach saline land greening is widely used soil moved in improve the original greening technique, that is, uses visitor
Soil replaces primary saline-alkali soil or raises ground with soil moved in improve the original, and greening seedling is transplanted on soil moved in improve the original.Soil moved in improve the original greening technique, which has, quickly to be controlled
The advantages of managing beach saline land, but also have distinct disadvantage.If soil moved in improve the original is mainly derived from farmland, largely takes soil moved in improve the original and damaged farmland
Resource destroys source place ecological environment.Soil moved in improve the original long distance transportation also increases greening cost to polluting on the way.Hidden pipe is arranged
Salt technology is also that beach saline land afforests the technology that generally uses, but current hidden pipe salt discharge technology mainly with soil moved in improve the original greening technique
It matches.The purpose of hidden pipe salt discharge Technology design application is mainly controlling groundwater level, prevents soil moved in improve the original secondary salinization, this is not
The saline-alkali soil original soil improvement being suitably applied for the purpose of desalination.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, are arranged using complex arts such as water conservancy, physics, chemistry, biologies
Apply quick improvement greening beach saline land.The characteristics of for beach saline land internal drainage energy force difference, establish horizontal desalting system
With vertical salt discharge aerating system；For beach saline land heavy texture, the feature of structure difference, salt-soda soil structural improvement side is established
Method；The feature short for salt-soda soil Soil ages, amount of cure is low establishes Soil building method.
The technical scheme is that：
The present invention provides a kind of beach saline lands rapidly and efficiently to improve greening method, includes the following steps：
1) planting groove is excavated：
In planning afforested areas excavation, finishing planting groove；Width >=100cm of planting groove；
2) it is laid with horizontal desalting system：
It is laid with salt discharge hidden pipe along the length direction of slot in slot bottom, and one layer of rubble is completely spread every salt deposit in slot bottom；Salt discharge hidden pipe
For the permeable waved plastic pipe of tube wall, caliber 6-12cm, gradient 0.1%-0.3%；Every salt layer thickness 10-20cm；
3) it is laid with vertical salt discharge aerating system：
Vertical salt discharge snorkel is laid in slot；
4) soil structure improved addictive：
Using structural improvement object improvement coastal saline-alkali soil, planting groove is backfilled after blending uniformly；
5) irrigation leaching；
Surrounding does cofferdam, and using brackish water, middle water or fresh water, flood pours elution planting groove backfill；Leaching mistake
Soil salt balance is monitored in journey, stops elution when back fill course soil salt is reduced to 5g/Kg or less；
6) improvement of soil fertility is conserved with transplanted seedling tree：
Planting soil is improved using saline land greening special fertilizer, conventional method transplants nursery stock, normal to conserve.
Preferably, in the step 1) planting groove slot bottom be higher than level of ground water 20cm or more, slot bottom flatness ± 3cm with
It is interior, slot bottom compactness >=80%.
Preferably, horizontal desalting system is to be laid with one in slot bottom center when planting well width≤6m in the step 2)
Salt discharge hidden pipe；When planting well width >=6m, salt discharge hidden pipe is uniformly laid with the spacing of 3-6m in slot bottom.
Preferably, in the step 3) vertical salt discharge aerating system be in planting groove along salt discharge hidden pipe extending direction every
The vertical salt discharge snorkel of 1 row is arranged in 2-6m, and pipe lower end is inserted into every salt deposit, and pipe upper end is higher by room planting design planting soil face 5-
20cm；It is highly preferred that the vertical salt discharge snorkel be plastic tube, row in spacing be 1-6m, caliber 6-12cm, away from design it is green
Change planting soil face 20-60cm and permeable venthole is beaten with the tube wall of lower tube section, geotextiles are wound outside tube wall.
Preferably, structural improvement object is one or both of river sand, mountain skin sand and calcium enriched cyclone-furnace slag in the step 4)
The volume ratio that mixes of above mixture, soil and structural improvement object is 0.1-0.4 parts of structural improvement objects of 1 part of Tu Rang ︰；Plant
Ground cover plant planting groove back fill course depth 40-60cm transplants short shrub planting groove back fill course depth 60-90cm, plant
Tall and big shrub and arbor planting groove back fill course depth 90-150cm.
Preferably, in the step 6), improvement of soil fertility refers to：Lawn, ground cover plant are transplanted, after elution terminates 3 days,
Saline land greening special fertilizer 2-6Kg is applied per square meter in plantation groove soil table, rotary tillage and the blending of 0-30cm soil layers are uniform；Plant is tall to be filled
Plant pit, manual amendment plant pit are excavated in wood, elution after terminating 5 days, plant pit size is 1m × 1m × 1m, and it is vertical that plant pit is located at adjacent two
Among salt discharge snorkel, saline land greening special fertilizer organic fertilizer 4-9Kg/m is applied according to plant pit volume size per seedlings3, and with
The blending of plant pit backfill is uniform.
Preferably, the saline land greening special fertilizer, component and mass percentage content are：Organic materials 20%-
40%, calcium enriched cyclone-furnace slag 15%-30%, humic acid material 10%-20%, biofermentation residue 10%-20%, desulfurated plaster
10%-20%, nitrogenous fertilizer 3%-6%, phosphate fertilizer 3%-6%, zinc sulfate 0.5%-2%；The sum of the mass percent of the component is
100%.
The organic materials is one kind in decomposed stalk, decomposed animal waste, decomposed garden waste, organic commercial fertilizer
Or two or more mixture.Preferably, organic materials quality of organic matter percentage composition >=30%, biodiversity percentage composition≤
30%, pH≤8.5.
The calcium enriched cyclone-furnace slag is the coal-fired fusant discharged in vertical cyclone furnace high-temp combustion with lime stone through water quenching
And the slag sand formed.
The humic acid material is the mixture of one or more of turf, weathered coal, lignite, it is preferable that rotten
Phytic acid material humic acid mass percentage >=20%, biodiversity percentage composition≤30%.
The biofermentation residue be it is sterilized using the waste liquid that discharges when microbial fermentation technology production biological enzyme formulation,
Quick lime curing process and the waste residue formed.
The nitrogenous fertilizer is the mixture of one or more of urea, monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP).
The phosphate fertilizer is the mixture of one or more of monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate.
The preparation method of the saline land greening special fertilizer, includes the following steps：
1) by humic acid crushing material, 2mm sieves are crossed；
2) biofermentation residue is dried to water content in 20%-30%, crushes, crosses 2mm sieves；
3) the above-mentioned humic acid material to pulverize and sieve and biofermentation residue are blended uniformly according to the ratio, obtains mixture
One；
4) calcium enriched cyclone-furnace slag is ground 3-10 minutes, crosses 2mm sieves, screenings is blended uniformly with desulfurated plaster, obtained according to the ratio
To mixture two；
5) organic materials and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate are blended uniformly according to the ratio, obtains mixture three；
6) mixture one, mixture two, mixture three are blended uniformly, it is special obtains powdered or granular saline land greening
Fertilizer.
Advantageous effect possessed by the present invention：
(1) coastal saline-alkali soil elution efficiency and desalting effect are improved.Irrigation leaching water can be improved in soil using the present invention
Interior horizontal and vertical movement improves irrigation leaching water salt leaching efficiency and horizontal, vertical desalting system, draining salt discharge effect
Rate shortens the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil time, and salt leaching efficiency can improve 10% or more compared with conventional measure, segmentum intercalaris when leaching
Save 50% or more.
(2) improve Variation of Integrated Soil Fertility, improve survival rate of transplanted seedling tree.Soil aeration ability can be improved using the present invention,
Soil solid-liquid-gas three phase ratio is effectively adjusted, oxygen proportion in gaseous phase of soil is improved, increases the nutrient content of the soil organism, is seedling
Suitable soil environment is created in wood growth；Research shows that survival rate of transplanted seedling tree is 95% or more.
(3) fresh-water-saving resource.It is relatively abundanter that various water resources, especially varieties in saline-alkali areas can be comprehensively utilized using the present invention
Salt water resources, while also can pass through improve elution efficiency reduce elution water consumption；Research shows that can be saved compared with conventional measure
About 20% or more freshwater resources.
(4) easy to operate, investment it is moderate.The implementation of invention each process does not need special installation, device or material, salt-soda soil
It is relatively low to improve cost of investment, cost (without greening plant) is improved in 20-60 members/m according to different soil2, it is suitble to big face
Product promotes and applies.
(5) improve socio-ecological environment.Saline and alkaline soil resource, salt water resources, agricultural can be made full use of useless using the technology
Gurry resource and industrial solid castoff resource, quick improvement afforest saline-alkali soil, have very high Social Ecology benefit.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments, but does not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
By taking the shade tree afforestation project of Binhai New Area in Tianjin as an example.Specifically include fluting, horizontal desalting system construction, vertical row
The construction of salt aerating system, saline-alkali soil structural improvement and backfill, irrigation leaching, improvement of soil fertility and transplanted seedling tree maintenance etc..
Fluting：Excavator excavates planting groove, and the earthwork is placed on the non-woven fabrics of roadside, groove width 1.2m, and slot bottom is higher than level of ground water
45cm；The levelling slot bottom of manual amendment, within slot bottom flatness ± 3cm, slot bottom compactness >=80%；
Horizontal desalting system construction：It is laid with longitudinal salt discharge hidden pipe in slot bottom center, ensures salt discharge hidden pipe along water direction
Gradient is 0.1%；Salt discharge hidden pipe is the permeable waved plastic pipe of tube wall, caliber 6cm, single pipe range about 100m；Salt discharge hidden pipe goes out
Water end (W.E.) is connected to roadside catch-basin, and stretches into 10cm in well, ensures that closed drainage is drained through catch-basin；Finally it is laid in entire slot bottom
Rubble is every salt deposit, thickness 20cm.
Vertical desalting system construction：It moves towards that 1 vertical salt discharge snorkel is arranged among planting groove per 3m along salt discharge hidden pipe；
Vertical salt discharge snorkel is bellows plastic tube, caliber 6cm, long 1.3m, and 0.5-1.3m sections of pipe lower end tube wall is provided with permeable ventilation
Hole, tube wall periphery twine layer of non-woven fabric；Rubble is stretched into every salt deposit 10cm in pipe lower end, and pipe upper end is higher by room planting design planting soil face
10cm is inserted into 1 bamboo bar in every pipe to support fixing pipe.
Saline-alkali soil structural improvement and backfill：River sand, mini-excavator is added into fluting saline-alkali soil in 1 ︰ 0.25 by volume
It is backfilled after mixing 3 times, planting groove back fill course depth 100cm.
Irrigation leaching：Waterwheel watering flood irrigation elutes backfill, is layered soil sampling, measurement soil in lessivation every 3-5 days
Earth salinity stops elution when soil mean salt amount is reduced to 3.5g/Kg.
Improvement of soil fertility is conserved with transplanted seedling tree：
After elution after 3 days, saline land greening special fertilizer 3Kg is applied per square meter in plantation groove soil table, mini-excavator with
0-30cm topsoils mix 2 times；
Excavator excavates plant pit, manual amendment plant pit after elution terminates 5 days, and plant pit size is 1m × 1m × 1m, plant pit position
Among adjacent two vertical salt discharge snorkel, the plant pit soil that each plant pit is dug out applies 4Kg saline land greening special fertilizers, and artificial
Blending is uniform；
The saline land greening special fertilizer is by decomposed cow dung, calcium enriched cyclone-furnace slag, weathered coal, biofermentation residue, desulfurization stone
The compositions such as cream, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), zinc sulfate, wherein decomposed cow dung mass percentage 35%, calcium enriched cyclone-furnace slag quality percentage
Content 15%, weathered coal mass percentage 20%, biofermentation mass of residue percentage composition 10%, desulfurated plaster quality percentage
Content 10%, urea quality percentage composition 3%, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) mass percentage 6%, zinc sulfate mass percentage 1% are pressed
The Chinese wax and plant height 60cm Chinese littleleaf box hedges of design plant diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm, flood normally conserve after pouring 3 times.
Leaching soil salt balance
| Improvement time d | 0 | 5 | 9 | 13 | 18 | 23 | 28 |
| Soil salt g/Kg | 10.33 | 7.88 | 6.13 | 5.07 | 4.24 | 3.61 | 3.16 |
The front and back soil physical and chemical property of improvement compares
| Soil physico-chemical index | Before improvement | After improvement greening 6 months |
| Soil salt g/Kg | 10.33 | 2.81 |
| PH value | 8.14 | 7.83 |
| Unit weight g/cm3 | 1.54 | 1.35 |
| Total porosity % | 42.7 | 49.2 |
| Infiltration coefficient cm/s | 0.78×10-5 | 7.62×10-4 |
| Organic matter mg/Kg | 8.93 | 28.5 |
| Hydrolyzable nitrogen mg/Kg | 38.7 | 125.0 |
| Rapid available phosphorus mg/Kg | 32.7 | 78.3 |
| Available potassium mg/Kg | 151.3 | 223.6 |
Different saline-alkali soil greening technology costs compare
Unit：Member/m2
Claims (4)
1. a kind of beach saline land rapidly and efficiently improves greening method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
1) planting groove is excavated
In planning afforested areas excavation, finishing planting groove；Width >=100cm of planting groove；
2) it is laid with horizontal desalting system
It is laid with salt discharge hidden pipe along the length direction of slot in slot bottom, and one layer of rubble is completely spread every salt deposit in slot bottom；Salt discharge hidden pipe is pipe
The permeable waved plastic pipe of wall, caliber 6-12cm, gradient 0.1%-0.3%；Every salt layer thickness 10-20cm；
3) it is laid with vertical salt discharge aerating system
The vertical salt discharge aerating system is that the vertical row of 1 row is arranged every 2-6m along salt discharge hidden pipe extending direction in planting groove
Salt snorkel, pipe lower end are inserted into every salt deposit, and pipe upper end is higher by room planting design planting soil face 5-20cm；The vertical salt discharge ventilation
Pipe is plastic tube, and the interior spacing of row is 1-6m, caliber 6-12cm, away from room planting design planting soil face 20-60cm with the tube wall of lower tube section
Permeable venthole is beaten, geotextiles are wound outside tube wall；
4) soil structure improved addictive
Using structural improvement object improvement coastal saline-alkali soil, planting groove is backfilled after blending uniformly；
5) irrigation leaching
Surrounding does cofferdam, and using brackish water, middle water or fresh water, flood pours elution planting groove backfill；During leaching
Soil salt balance is monitored, stops elution when back fill course soil salt is reduced to 5g/Kg or less；
6) improvement of soil fertility is conserved with transplanted seedling tree：
Planting soil is improved using saline land greening special fertilizer, conventional method transplants nursery stock, normal to conserve；
Improvement of soil fertility refers to：Lawn, ground cover plant are transplanted, after elution terminates 3 days, salt-soda soil is applied per square meter in plantation groove soil table
Special fertilizer 2-6Kg is afforested, rotary tillage and the blending of 0-30cm soil layers are uniform；Shrub is transplanted, elution excavates plant pit, people after terminating 5 days
Work modifies plant pit, and plant pit size is 1m × 1m × 1m, and plant pit is located among adjacent two vertical salt discharge snorkel, often seedlings according to
Plant pit volume size applies saline land greening special fertilizer organic fertilizer 4-9Kg/m3, and it is uniform with the blending of plant pit backfill；
The saline land greening special fertilizer, component and mass percentage content are：Organic materials 20%-40%, calcium-enriched liquid state
Slag 15%-30%, humic acid material 10%-20%, biofermentation residue 10%-20%, desulfurated plaster 10%-20%, nitrogenous fertilizer
3%-6%, phosphate fertilizer 3%-6%, zinc sulfate 0.5%-2%；The sum of mass percent of the component is 100%.
2. a kind of beach saline land rapidly and efficiently improves greening method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
1) slot bottom of planting groove is higher than level of ground water 20cm or more, within slot bottom flatness ± 3cm, slot bottom compactness >=80% in.
3. a kind of beach saline land rapidly and efficiently improves greening method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
2) horizontal desalting system is to be laid with a salt discharge hidden pipe in slot bottom center when planting well width≤6m in；When plantation well width
When >=6m, salt discharge hidden pipe is uniformly laid with the spacing of 3-6m in slot bottom.
4. a kind of beach saline land rapidly and efficiently improves greening method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
4) structural improvement object is the mixture of one or more of river sand, mountain skin sand and calcium enriched cyclone-furnace slag, soil and structure in
The volume ratio that mixes of improvement object is 0.1-0.4 parts of structural improvement objects of 1 part of Tu Rang ︰；Planting-site is by planting slot back fill course
Depth 40-60cm transplants short shrub planting groove back fill course depth 60-90cm, transplants tall and big shrub and arbor planting groove returns
Layer depth of banketing 90-150cm.
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| CN107960168A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2018-04-27 | 天津市德宇生物工程技术有限公司 | A kind of greening method of high water level strand barged-in fill |
| CN107371439A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-24 | 潍坊职业学院 | Introduction Flowers carry out heavy saline-alkali area at seashore original soil greening method |
| CN108293829A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-07-20 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Greening method is transformed in salt-soda soil landforms |
| CN109197501A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-01-15 | 奥为（天津）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of pair of beach saline land carries out the greening method after soil improvement |
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| CN113575010B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-06-30 | 上海景观实业发展有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil planting method |
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| JPH1198928A (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-13 | Shinsengumi:Kk | Plant raising system in resert or the like |
| CN101283656A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-15 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method |
| CN101851513B (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2012-03-07 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Calcium-rich saline water and method for irrigating calcium-rich saline water and reducing salt content in soil |
| CN103444293B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2016-02-24 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | The improvement method of beach saline land Regional City street tree underground |
| CN204860389U (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Saline and alkaline land arbor pattern of farming |
| CN105432409A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-30 | 天津创世生态景观建设股份有限公司 | Method for improving planting patch forest of saline-alkali soil original soil |
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Address after: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Patentee after: Tianjin TEDA Green Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Patentee before: TIANJIN TEDA GREENING GROUP Co.,Ltd. |
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Address after: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Patentee after: Tianjin TEDA Green Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Patentee before: Tianjin TEDA Green Technology Group Co.,Ltd. |