CN101283656A - Shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method - Google Patents
Shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101283656A CN101283656A CNA2008100550576A CN200810055057A CN101283656A CN 101283656 A CN101283656 A CN 101283656A CN A2008100550576 A CNA2008100550576 A CN A2008100550576A CN 200810055057 A CN200810055057 A CN 200810055057A CN 101283656 A CN101283656 A CN 101283656A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for afforestation and planting in areas with shallow water level and heavily-salted soil and solves the problems of high cost for foreign soil replacement and short duration. The technical proposal is that: the process realizes the original soil planting by building an integral isolation zone in the greening area and controlling a microcirculation system inside the isolation zone and desalting with fresh water. The process comprises the following steps: A. building an isolation zone; B. desalting with fresh water until the salt content in soil is below 0.2%; and C. planting seedlings for afforestation. The technology solves the technical problems of high cost for foreign soil replacement and short duration of afforestation and greening in coastal areas with shallow water level and heavily-salted soil; and has the advantages of overcome serious erosion of underground salt water to soil mass, good desalting effect, reduced afforestation cost, improved soil structure, low requirements for raw materials for afforestation, applicability for various seedlings, easy maintenance and management and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plantation greening method in forestry, the technical field of gardening.
Background technology
Along with especially the border on the sea continuous development of port city of coastal cities, to environmental greening, the specification requirement that beautifies, optimize is also more and more higher.But because mostly these areas are to be in terrestiral ecosystem system and aquatic ecosystem intersection, long-term freshwater resources scarcity, cause salination serious, and the saline groundwater water level height and the water yield are big, these unfavorable factors cause this area's ecotope very abominable, are also just seriously restricting such regional afforestation work.In known technology, existing greening technique mainly concentrates on the method to part isolation, sub-district salt discharge and the green belt soil removal and replacement of growing area, these technical measures are better in the regional effect of shallow subterranean water level (being that subterranean water level is below 1.5 meters), but draining salt discharge weak effect often appears at the effect than phreatic high (being that subterranean water level is more than 1.0 meters) salt-affected soil zone, greening view efficiency time cost short, that passenger's soil zone comes is huge and to the disadvantages such as secondary destruction of good soil resource.A kind of improved greening technique is that measures such as salt discharge (water) pipe, passenger's soil are laid in soil body overall isolation, bottom, solved the short problem of shallow water position salt-affected soil afforestation effect efficiency time, but still exist passenger's soil cost height and good soil resource is destroyed problems such as serious, these shortcoming and defect are still the key factor of restriction greening level.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome prior art not enough, provide a kind of realize original soil plantation, greening hold imitate long, maintenance is simple, cost is low, the method for the shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening of applied range.
Addressing the above problem the technical scheme of being taked is:
A kind of shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method, it in isolated area inner control microcirculqtory system, and by the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, realizes the original soil plantation by build the overall isolation district in afforested areas, its operating procedure is as follows:
A. build isolated area
A, excavate former soil layer: the former soil layer of setting in zone, green belt is excavated to 80～180cm dark, the bottom is smooth and form 3～5 ‰ gradient;
B, lay water barrier: in the bottom of isolated area with use the covering plastic thin film water barrier all around;
C, laying salt discharge water pipe: transversely arranged laying salt discharge water pipe on water barrier, salt discharge water pipe spacing are that 2～5m, diameter are the plastic tube of 10～20cm, and each salt discharge water pipe converges by manifold trunk and is communicated to sump, and the sump bottom is connected with drainage system;
D, lay the trickle layer: on water barrier, lay the trickle layer and the salt discharge water pipe buried and cover;
E, build the protection wall: build the protection enclosure wall around isolated area, protection enclosure wall 10～20cm above ground level prevents that surface water from flowing in the isolated area;
F, backfill original soil: the former earthen backfill that will excavate, the corn, Chinese sorghum or the wheat agricultural crop straw that when backfill, add the chopping of original soil volume 5%, or add the perlite of original soil volume 0.3～1.0% again, or add the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the chicken manure organic fertilizer of original soil volume 0.2～1.5% again; Compacting behind the backfill original soil; Constituting the vertical section is that upper epidermis is former soil layer, be the trickle layer below the former soil layer, and in the trickle layer, be equipped with salt discharge water comb, and be the water barrier of plastic film below the trickle layer, be the original soil bottom below the water barrier;
B. the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching
In isolated area, water fresh water, ooze the back under the fresh water, in time extract out with drainage system by in the salt discharge water pipe inflow sump, make the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching after soil salt content reach below 2 ‰;
C. the greening seedling of planting:
Wait to mix stalk in the original soil back of becoming thoroughly decomposed and preserve soil moisture wholely, apply organic manure, composite fertilizer at surface layer, the greening seedling of planting behind the mixing of turning over.
Above-mentioned shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method, the plastic film that described water barrier adopts is polyvinyl chloride, the polyethylene film of thickness 0.2～0.3mm, and other plastic film that is suitable for.
Above-mentioned shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method, stone fragment layer that described trickle layer employing 15～20cm is thick or river sand layer, ashes slag blanket, or the mixture layer of stone fragment, river sand, boiler ash sediment, or at the isolation trickle layer of salt discharge water pipe outer wrapping geotechnique layer of cloth.
Above-mentioned shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method, polyvinyl chloride that described salt discharge water pipe is diameter 10～20cm or poly palm soakaway trench, and other suitable plastic salt discharge water pipe.
Irritate fresh water 500～850kg by every cubic metre of former soil body when above-mentioned shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method, the described fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, or according to 1.5～2 times of pouring fresh water of soil maximum water-holding capacity.
Above-mentioned shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method is used the saline-alkali soil soil conditioner in the described backfill original soil process and better with effects such as root-inducing powder processing again when planting greening seedling.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
1, built the various growth factors that are suitable for green plants from subenvironment:
I, afforested areas soil body environment bottom and all laid water barrier has all around prevented the immersion of underground moisture and salinity fully, has guaranteed the independence of subenvironment;
Lay the trickle layer on ii, the water barrier, guarantee the unobstructed of bottom salt discharge water pipe, make salt water after the drip washing in time enter sump and discharge, thereby prevented the waterlogging of subenvironment and the accumulation of salt water, guaranteed the gas permeability of the soil body by the salt discharge water pipe;
The application of iii, PVC water permeating pipeline makes in the greening soil body redundant moisture in time drain, in case the soil body has salt damage to take place, also can guarantee the persistence of greening in time by pouring into the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching;
2, by fresh water drip washing, make the salinity in the original soil reduce to normal range (NR), by applying organic manure, improve its soil nutrient content again, improve soil structure, strengthen its permeability, original saline-alkali soil is become easily plant soil.
Because the present invention has adopted technique scheme, efficiently solve the zone, heavily salted soil, shallow water position of bordering on the sea and keep short technical problem of effect time with original soil plantation greening passenger soil cost height and greening., sub-district indoor by several reaches the test of too many levels such as big zone, and the present invention has following advantage: 1. overcome the erosion of saline groundwater to the soil body; 2. salt discharge, draining are unobstructed, and fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect is remarkable; 3. realize the application of original soil planting technology, the greening cost is reduced greatly; 4. the technical program makes the saline-alkali soil after the drip washing improve the content of organic matter at short notice, and soil structure improves; 5. significantly reduce the conditional request to the greening material, it is wide to be suitable for the nursery stock scope.Simultaneously, safety of nursery stock and life cycle are significantly improved and prolong, and maintenance management is simple, and cost is low.
The present invention is applicable to shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening, it is hypsography low-lying, the subterranean water level height, rainy season subterranean water level more than 1.0m and the water yield big, soil salt content is afforested in 5 ‰～12 ‰ saline and alkaline region plantation, and the coastal region that other soil types is complicated and ecological condition is abominable etc., have broad application prospects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an isolated area longitudinal profile schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the annexation schematic diagram of salt discharge water pipe.
Each label is in the accompanying drawing: exogenesis soil, 1 district; 2 protection enclosure walls; 3 trickle layers; 4 original soil bottoms; Former soil layer in 5 districts; 6 salt discharge water pipes; 7 water barriers; 8 sumps; 9 drain interfaces.
Embodiment
The engineering of the greening measure of the present invention and existing passenger soil technical measures or improvement contrasts, and uses the green plants well-grown of original soil plantation greening technique of the present invention, and cost reduces by 30～50%.Because good soil resource is effectively protected, ecotope obviously improves, and the soil moved in to improve the original of changing in the existing technology will be corroded by saline groundwater very soon, causes secondary salinization, and nursery stock presents the large-area degeneration and the phenomena of mortality.
Embodiment 1:
With the low-lying land of 1.3 meters of certain next-door neighbour region, the Bohai Sea, height above sea level, rainy season, subterranean water level was big at the 0～0.6m and the water yield, the saline land of soil salt content 6.2 ‰, and cultivation arbor class green plants---Chinese wax is example.If afforested areas is 2000 square metres, 1000 square metres of existing replacing soil moved in to improve the original technology are adopted in contrast.Adopt implementer's case of the present invention as follows:
1, excavate former soil layer: the former soil layer (1) that will plan the green belt excavates to 150cm dark;
2, lay water barrier: all be laid to water barrier (7) with the bottom all around with the 0.2mm polyvinyl chloride film;
3, lay the salt discharge water pipe: by position, green belt and the direction polyvinyl chloride palm infiltration comb of laying spacing 5m, diameter 20cm, length 600cm that rationally distributes is salt discharge water pipe (6), salt discharge waterpipe gradient is 5 ‰, each salt discharge water arm finally is connected to 3 sumps (8) by compiling to be responsible for, the drain interface (9) of sump (8) bottom load draining pump;
4, lay the trickle layer: the stone fragment that laying 20cm is thick on water barrier buries for isolation trickle layer (3) and the salt discharge water pipe and covers;
5, build the protection wall: building the water barrier (7) of underground buried regions around in succession, 20cm above ground level protection wall (2) on the ground around the planning zone;
6, backfill original soil: added the seeding corn and other crops stalk of original soil volume 5% chopping and 0.4% the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed in the backfill original soil, compacting behind the backfill original soil;
7, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: irritate fresh water 680kg by every cubic metre of former soil body of backfill, ooze the back under the fresh water and flow in the sump by the salt discharge water pipe, in time extract out with drainage system, soil salt content reaches 0.83 ‰ after the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching;
8, the greening seedling of planting: mix maize straw in the original soil back of becoming thoroughly decomposed and preserve soil moisture wholely, apply the cow dung 0.015 side/m that becomes thoroughly decomposed at surface layer again
2And Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N, P, K content respectively account for 15%) 0.12kg/m
2, behind the soil mixing, the ash tree sapling of having planted;
9, maintenance management: 1. salt water flows in the green belt on the duration of test spot, in time waters the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching; 2. 12 ponding of priority are higher than salt discharge water pipe height in the underground sump, ponding in all timely pump-drainage well; 3. according to the seedling growth situation, in time water, topdress, uproot a stroke management according to common administrative skill.
Observed through 4 years; use the green plants well-grown of original soil greening new technology engineering of the present invention, the degeneration of nursery stock only accounts for 3.4% and 1.7% death, and cost reduces by 46.3% than existing contrast technology; because good soil resource is effectively protected, ecotope obviously improves.And the soil moved in to improve the original that the contrast engineering that adopts original technical measures is changed is corroded by saline groundwater, causes secondary salinization, and nursery stock presents the phenomena of mortality of large-area degeneration and 88%.
Embodiment 2:
Certain closes on another greening experimental project of regional 4000 square metres in the Bohai Sea, local domain is the low-lying land of 1.7 meters of height above sea level, rainy season, subterranean water level was big at the 0.3m～0.6m and the water yield, the saline land of soil salt content 6.5 ‰, cultivating green plants---glossy privet, Chinese ilex, wherein use 3000 square metres of new technologies of the present invention, 1000 square metres of the technology of the existing replacing of contrast employing soil moved in to improve the original.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention to implement as follows:
1, excavate former soil layer: the former soil layer that will plan the green belt excavates to 100cm;
2, lay water barrier: all lay water barrier with the bottom all around with the 0.3mm polyvinyl chloride film;
3, lay the salt discharge water pipe: the polyvinyl chloride palm infiltration comb that rationally distributes and lay spacing 4.5m, Φ 20cm, length 600cm by position, green belt and direction, salt discharge waterpipe gradient 4.5 ‰, comb finally is connected to 5 sumps by compiling to be responsible for, sump bottom load passes to the pipe joint of draining pump, constitutes drainage system;
4, lay the trickle layer: on water barrier, lay the thick stone fragment of 20cm for isolating the trickle layer, and the salt discharge water pipe buried cover;
5, build the protection wall: planning the underground buried regions connection of building of zone water barrier all around and the protection wall of ground 18cm above ground level all around;
6, backfill original soil: the backfill original soil also adds the agricultural crop straws such as wheat, corn of original soil volume 5% chopping, adds the perlite of original soil volume 0.5% and 0.7% fertilizers such as the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, compacting behind the backfill original soil simultaneously;
7, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: irritate fresh water 600kg by every cubic metre of former soil body of backfill, ooze the back under the fresh water and flow in the sump by the salt discharge water pipe, in time extract out with drainage system, soil salt content reaches 0.87 ‰ after the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching;
8, the greening seedling of planting: mix stalk in the original soil back of becoming thoroughly decomposed and preserve soil moisture wholely, apply the cow dung 0.015 side/m that becomes thoroughly decomposed at surface layer again
2And Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N, P, K content respectively account for 15%) 0.10kg/m
2, behind the soil mixing, the glossy privet of having planted, Chinese ilex seedling respectively account for 50%, water sufficient water after the having peace of mind;
9, maintenance management: 1. on the duration of test spot salt water flow in the green belt and spring strong wind will contain saline and alkaline dust and cover the face of land, green belt, all in time water the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching; 2. 13 ponding of priority are higher than salt discharge water pipe height in the underground sump, and ponding in all timely pump-drainage well 3. according to the seedling growth situation, in time waters, topdresses, uproots a stroke management according to common administrative skill.
Observe through long-time; use the green plants well-grown of original soil greening new technology engineering of the present invention, the degeneration of nursery stock only accounts for 5.2% and 2.1% death, and the cost comparison reduces by 42.7% according to technology; and good soil resource is effectively protected, and ecotope obviously improves.Managing on an equal basis and watering under the situation of fresh water, adopting the soil moved in to improve the original of the contrast engineering replacing of original technical measures to be corroded by saline groundwater, causing secondary salinization, nursery stock presents the phenomena of mortality of whole degeneration and 95%.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method is characterized in that, it in isolated area inner control microcirculqtory system, and by the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, realizes the original soil plantation by build the overall isolation district in afforested areas, and its operating procedure is as follows:
A. build isolated area
A, excavate former soil layer: the former soil layer of setting in zone, green belt is excavated to 80～180cm dark, the bottom is smooth and form 3～5 ‰ gradient;
B, lay water barrier: in the bottom of isolated area with use the covering plastic thin film water barrier all around;
C, laying salt discharge water pipe: transversely arranged laying salt discharge water pipe on water barrier, salt discharge water pipe spacing are that 2～5m, diameter are the plastic tube of 10～20cm, and each salt discharge water pipe converges by manifold trunk and is communicated to sump, and the sump bottom is connected with drainage system;
D, lay the trickle layer: on water barrier, lay the trickle layer and the salt discharge water pipe buried and cover;
E, build the protection wall: build the protection enclosure wall around isolated area, protection enclosure wall 10～20cm above ground level prevents that surface water from flowing in the isolated area;
F, backfill original soil: the former earthen backfill that will excavate, the corn, Chinese sorghum or the wheat agricultural crop straw that when backfill, add the chopping of original soil volume 5%, or add the perlite of original soil volume 0.3～1.0% again, or add the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the chicken manure organic fertilizer of original soil volume 0.2～1.5% again; Compacting behind the backfill original soil; Constituting the vertical section is that upper epidermis is former soil layer, be the trickle layer below the former soil layer, and in the trickle layer, be equipped with salt discharge water comb, and be the water barrier of plastic film below the trickle layer, be the original soil bottom below the water barrier;
B. the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching
In isolated area, water fresh water, ooze the back under the fresh water, in time extract out with drainage system by in the salt discharge water pipe inflow sump, make the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching after soil salt content reach below 2 ‰;
C. the greening seedling of planting:
Wait to mix stalk in the original soil back of becoming thoroughly decomposed and preserve soil moisture wholely, apply organic manure, composite fertilizer at surface layer, the greening seedling of planting behind the mixing of turning over.
2, shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it is polyvinyl chloride or the polyethylene film of 0.2～0.3mm that described water barrier adopts thickness.
3, shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described trickle layer adopts thick stone fragment, river sand, boiler ash sediment or its mixture of 15～20cm, perhaps adopts the isolation trickle layer at salt discharge water pipe outer wrapping geotechnique layer of cloth.
4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening methods, it is characterized in that polyvinyl chloride that described salt discharge water pipe is diameter 10～20cm or poly palm soakaway trench.
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- 2008-06-11 CN CNA2008100550576A patent/CN101283656A/en active Pending
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