CN106717963B - Construction method of lawn water-saving structure - Google Patents

Construction method of lawn water-saving structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106717963B
CN106717963B CN201611246138.5A CN201611246138A CN106717963B CN 106717963 B CN106717963 B CN 106717963B CN 201611246138 A CN201611246138 A CN 201611246138A CN 106717963 B CN106717963 B CN 106717963B
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water
lawn
layer
water storage
soil
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CN106717963A (en
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赵晓红
张凯
夏博
李伴海
邢萌萌
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Beijing Oriental Landscape Environment Co ltd
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Beijing Oriental Landscape Environment Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method of a lawn water-saving structure, which is characterized in that a radiation cobweb-shaped water storage and retention ditch is excavated on a lawn original soil layer to construct the lawn water-saving structure, a water storage unit is arranged at the lower part of the water storage and retention ditch, a water absorption and retention unit is laid on the water storage unit, a lawn original soil layer is laid on the water absorption and retention unit, drain pipes are arranged at the outer sides of at least part of the water storage unit, and a breathable layer and a matrix layer are sequentially laid on the lawn original soil layer from bottom to top. The constructed lawn water-saving structure can obviously improve the water utilization rate and realize the aim of saving water for the lawn; the purposes of draining water when water is too much and retaining water when water is too little are achieved by combining the lawn irrigation, the drainage and the water storage, and the water absorbing stones are used for absorbing water in soil to be used by root systems of the lawn and establishing a water storage and retention ditch underground for water storage.

Description

Construction method of lawn water-saving structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of landscaping, in particular to a method for constructing a lawn water-saving structure, which is particularly suitable for constructing a landscaping lawn.
Background
With the increasingly prominent water resource problem, China realizes that water-saving garden greenbelts must be developed for the sustainable and healthy development of garden construction. At present, in urban green land irrigation, most of the urban green land irrigation still adopts rubber tube to flood the green land with large water, and about 80% of water is lost due to deep leakage and evaporation. Similarly, more than 90% of water supplemented to the urban greenbelt by rainfall is lost due to the fact that the water is not utilized by the greenbelt, and if about 30% of irrigation water and rainwater are reserved through technical treatment, the water consumption for irrigating the garden greenbelt can be greatly reduced.
The root system of the lawn is shallow, wherein 80% of the root system is distributed in soil layers with the depth of more than 40cm, and more than 50% of the root system is within the range of 20cm below the ground surface, so that the root system of the lawn is difficult to absorb soil moisture in deeper soil layers to ensure the self growth, only manual irrigation is used for supplementing water, and poor growth of the lawn can be caused once water is deficient. According to statistics of data, 1m2The warm-season lawn consumes about 0.5 ton of water in 1 year, and the cold-season lawn consumes about 0.8-1.0 ton. The water consumption of the lawn is huge, and the lawn is a main water consumer for landscaping, so that the construction of the water-saving lawn is a main aspect of water saving of a garden greenbelt and an important measure for the construction of a water-saving garden.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of huge water consumption of a lawn in landscaping, and provides a construction method of an annular radiation cobweb-shaped lawn water-saving structure, which is used for building a water storage structure underground by utilizing water in soil and creating a good growing environment for lawn grass.
In order to achieve the purpose, the construction method of the lawn water-saving structure comprises the following steps:
A. removing weeds and sundries, stacking the terrain, setting the terrain of the lawn planting field to be high in the middle and low at the periphery, and after the soil is turned over, fertilized and weeded, rolling, trimming and watering the soil;
B. taking the center highest point of the lawn as the center of a circle, and ditching in a radiation cobweb shape to form the appearance structure of a water storage and retention ditch;
C. building brick layers vertically on two sides of the water storage and retention ditch, laying an impermeable layer along the inner wall of each brick layer and the bottom of the water storage and retention ditch, vertically arranging at least one first gabion in the middle of the impermeable layer between the brick layers, and laying second gabions on the brick layers crossing two sides of the water storage and retention ditch;
D. arranging drain pipes symmetrically between the outer side of the brick layer and the original soil at the highest point of the center of the lawn; paving a water absorption stone layer and a water retention layer on the second gabion in sequence, and backfilling lawn original soil on the water retention layer, wherein the height of the backfilled lawn original soil is flush with that of the un-excavated lawn original soil layer;
E. sequentially laying a breathable layer and a matrix layer on an original soil layer of the lawn, and selecting lawn grass for planting for conventional maintenance management;
F. lawn grass is selected to be planted in the matrix layer for conventional maintenance management.
Preferably, the depth of the water storage and retention ditches is 53-75 cm, the width is 75-80 cm, and the interval between the adjacent water storage and retention ditches is 2.5-3 m.
Preferably, the first gabion and the second gabion both comprise metal mesh cages with opening and closing openings and absorbent stones filled in the metal mesh cages.
Preferably, the length, width and height of the first gabion and the second gabion are respectively 75-80 cm, 25-30 cm and 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the drain pipes are symmetrically distributed at the central point of the water storage and retention ditch of the radiation spider-web type; the drain pipe is the PVC bellows of trompil, and the outside parcel of drain pipe has the gauze.
Preferably, the water retention layer is formed by uniformly mixing raw soil and absorbent stones in a volume ratio of (60-70) - (30-40) and then paving the mixture.
Preferably, the air-permeable layer is formed by uniformly mixing and paving raw soil, fine sand and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of (40-45) - (50-60) - (5-10).
Preferably, the matrix layer is formed by uniformly mixing and paving raw soil, turfy soil, garden waste compost and wormcast which have the volume ratio of (65-70) - (15-20) - (10-12) - (3-5).
Preferably, an impermeable material is arranged between the second gabion and the brick layer, and a permeable material is arranged between the second gabion and the water-absorbing stone layer.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
the water-saving structure of the lawn can obviously improve the water utilization rate and realize the aim of saving water for the lawn; by combining lawn irrigation, drainage and water storage, the aims of draining when water is too much and retaining water when water is too little are fulfilled; meanwhile, garden waste is used as a fertilizer, so that the growth of turfgrass is promoted, the resource is recycled, and the development requirements of water-saving gardens and conservation-minded society are met.
Aiming at the problem of overlarge water consumption of lawn in landscaping, the invention utilizes garden waste compost, grass carbon soil, wormcast, vermiculite and fine sand to increase soil nutrients and soil air permeability, creates a good growing environment for lawn grass, utilizes water-absorbing stones to absorb water in soil for lawn root systems to utilize, and establishes a water-storing and water-retaining ditch underground for water storage.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a lawn water-saving structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the water storage and retention trench;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a lawn water-saving structure;
figure 4 is a schematic view of a gabion.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention provides a construction method of a lawn water-saving structure, which comprises a water storage and retention ditch, a breathable layer, a matrix layer and other structures from bottom to top so as to utilize water in soil and establish water storage underground, thereby creating a good growing environment for lawn grass. The lawn water-saving structure constructed by the construction method of the lawn water-saving structure can obviously improve the water utilization rate and realize the aim of saving water for the lawn; by combining lawn irrigation, drainage and water storage, the aims of draining when water is too much and retaining when water is too little are fulfilled; meanwhile, garden waste is used as a fertilizer, so that the growth of turfgrass is promoted, the resource is recycled, and the development requirements of water-saving gardens and conservation-minded society are met. As shown in fig. 1-4, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.
Specifically, the construction method comprises the following steps:
A. removing weeds and sundries, stacking the terrain, setting the terrain of the lawn planting field to be high in the middle and low at the periphery, and carrying out rolling, trimming and watering treatment on the soil after carrying out ploughing, fertilizing and weeding treatment on the soil.
B. The center highest point of the lawn is used as the center of a circle, and the radiation cobweb-shaped ditching is carried out to form the appearance structure of the water storage and retention ditch 1.
C. The vertical brick layer 4 of building by laying bricks or stones of 1 both sides of water storage retaining ditch to lay barrier 10 along 4 inner walls in brick layer and 1 bottoms of water storage retaining ditch vertically set up first gabion 5 of at least one on the barrier 10 intermediate position between the brick layer 4, span and lay second gabion 8 on the brick layer 4 of 1 both sides of water storage retaining ditch.
D. The drainage pipes 6 are symmetrically arranged between the outer side of the brick layer 4 and the original soil at the highest point of the center of the lawn; lay absorb water stone layer 7, guarantor's water layer 3 on second gabion 8 in proper order, later backfill the former soil in lawn on the guarantor's water layer 3, the height of the former soil in lawn of backfilling and the former soil layer 2 parallel and level in lawn that do not excavate.
E. And paving a breathable layer 12 and a matrix layer 11 on the original lawn soil layer 2 in sequence, and selecting lawn grass for planting for conventional maintenance management.
F. Lawn grass is selected to be planted in the substrate layer 11 for conventional maintenance management.
In step A, weeds and impurities are removed to facilitate plowing and leveling of the land. When the terrain is piled up, the terrain of the lawn planting field is required to be smooth, the middle of the lawn planting field is high, the periphery of the lawn planting field is low, and the slope of the lawn planting field is generally 0.2-0.5% so as to be beneficial to drainage.
After the land piling and forming are finished, ploughing 10-20 cm of soil and clearingExcept all impurities such as gravel, tiles, grass roots and the like. Sufficient base fertilizer is applied while soil preparation is carried out, organic fertilizer is taken as the main component, the fertilizer is crushed and uniformly spread and then is turned into the soil, and the fertilizing amount is 3-5 kg/m2. In order to prevent the future weed from breeding, herbicide such as 2, 4-D and sodium pentachlorophenate is sprayed about 20 days before the grass is spread. In order to ensure the leveling of the newly-established lawn, the lawn is ploughed, rolled for 2 times and watered for permeating water once to settle the soil, so that the height of different solid places can be shown, and the lawn is finally leveled.
As shown in figure 1, the invention utilizes the characteristic that the middle part of the lawn is slightly higher and gradually inclines to the periphery or the edge, takes the center of the lawn as the original point, and excavates a radiation cobweb-shaped water storage and retention ditch 1 on the original soil layer 2 of the lawn. Preferably, the depth of the water storage and retention ditches 1 is 53-75 cm, the width is 75-80 cm, and the interval between the adjacent water storage and retention ditches 1 is 2.5-3 m.
In the step C, the concrete construction steps are as follows: firstly, building brick layers 4 with the height of 25-30 cm on two sides close to original soil in a ditch, utilizing red bricks (the length, width and height are 240mm, 115mm and 53mm respectively) for building to compress the bottom of the ditch in a wide mode, and bonding the red bricks by cement for building to increase the stability of the red bricks; secondly, a layer of impermeable material (such as waterproof cloth) is laid along the inner wall of the brick layer 4 and the ditch bottom to form an impermeable layer 10, the impermeable material is laid on the upper plane of the brick for compaction treatment, and a first gabion 5 is vertically placed in the middle of the ditch with the impermeable material laid (the height and the width of the gabion are grounded); thirdly, transversely pressing a second gabion 8 on the brick layers 4 on two sides, and pressing an impermeable material (such as impermeable cloth) between the second gabion 8 and the brick layers 4 to prevent collected water from flowing out or outside soil from entering the water storage cavity 9; and fourthly, after the second gabions 8 are laid, laying a permeable material (such as gauze) on the gabions to prevent soil particles from entering the water storage cavity 9 through gaps among the gabions, so that the construction of the water storage unit is completed.
As shown in fig. 2, the water storage unit includes vertical step the brick layer 4 of 1 both sides of water storage retaining ditch, lay waterproof layer 10, the vertical setting of at least one in 4 inner walls in brick layer and water storage retaining ditch 1 bottom and be in first gabion 5 between the brick layer 4, transversely lay and establish second gabion 8 on brick layer 4 and the first gabion 5. Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, each of the first gabion 5 and the second gabion 8 comprises a metal mesh 13 provided with an opening and closing opening 14 and absorbent stones filled in the metal mesh 13. The metal mesh cage 13 is woven by metal and subjected to antiseptic treatment, the mesh aperture is 1cm, the particle size of the filled water-absorbing stones is 1.5-3 cm, and gaps among the water-absorbing stones are as small as possible so as not to influence the adsorption and movement of water; preferably, the length, width, height of first gabion 5 and second gabion 8 are 75 ~ 80cm, 25 ~ 30cm, 10 ~ 15cm respectively, and the length of gabion is the same with the width of water storage water retaining trench 1, and the second gabion 8 of being convenient for uses brick layer 4 to transversely lay as the support. Preferably, an impermeable material is arranged between the second gabion 8 and the brick layer 4, and a permeable material is arranged between the second gabion 8 and the water-absorbing stone layer 7. Furthermore, the impermeable material between the second gabion 8 and the brick layer 4 and the impermeable material in the water storage cavity 9 are integrally arranged, so that the impermeable effect is better, and the impermeable material is compacted to prevent the impermeable material from falling off.
The water-absorbing stone is a kind of sand stone, its main component is calcium carbonate, and is soft and crisp, and its surface has many pores, some pores are communicated with each other, and some small holes are made into pores, so that it has strong water-absorbing property, and can absorb and transport water from bottom to top. The brick layer 4 of the water storage unit is used for supporting the whole structure. The waterproof layer 10 is formed by laying a waterproof material such as waterproof cloth to prevent moisture from leaking. A water storage cavity 9 is formed among the waterproof layer 10, the brick layer 4, the first gabion 5 and the second gabion 8, and the water storage cavity 9 can be used for storing water. And the vertically placed gabion positioned in the middle plays a supporting role, and can transport moisture to the upper gabion from the water storage cavity, so that the moisture moves upwards. The second gabion 8 transversely arranged on the upper layer is used for preventing the soil and the absorbent stones on the upper layer from entering the water storage cavity 9, upward or downward movement of water can be realized, and when the water storage cavity 9 is filled with water, the second gabion 8 can also discharge redundant water to two sides.
The water movement in the invention is that the first gabion 5 and the second gabion 8 are connected into a whole, the upward movement of the water is that the water in the water storage cavity 9 is absorbed by the vertically placed second gabion 8 and is transferred to the transversely arranged first gabion 5, and the water is transported to the root system of the plant through the capillary action of the soil and is absorbed and utilized by the plant; when watering or rainy, the moisture on ground comes to the underground through the seepage, and the absorbent stone adsorbs moisture and collects it to water storage cavity 9 through the action of gravity of moisture, realizes the storage function of moisture.
And then, drainage pipes 6 are symmetrically arranged between the outer side of the brick layer 4 and the original soil at the highest point of the center of the lawn, so that drainage of the lawn is guaranteed. The drainage system of the invention is composed of a water storage and retention ditch 1 with a central point radiating to a far straight line and drainage pipes 6 arranged at the outer side of at least part of water storage units. The water absorption stones in the water storage and retention ditches 1 which radiate linearly discharge the excessive water from high to low through gaps.
Preferably, the drainage pipes 6 are symmetrically arranged at the central point of the water storage and retention ditch 1 in a radiation spider-web type, for example, 4 symmetrical straight radiation ditches can be selected to be paved with the drainage pipes 6, and the drainage pipes 6 are arranged between the brick layer 4 and the lawn original soil layer 2 to ensure drainage of the lawn. The drainage pipe 6 is a porous PVC corrugated pipe (the diameter is 110mm, and gauze is wrapped outside the pipe to prevent impurities such as soil particles and the like from entering the pipe.
As shown in fig. 2, the water absorption and retention unit is located above the water storage unit and divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, including the water absorption stone layer 7 of the lower layer and the water retention layer 3 of the upper layer. The absorbent stone layer 7 is formed by laying absorbent stones, and the thickness of the absorbent stone layer is 3-5 cm. The water retention layer 3 is formed by uniformly mixing raw soil and absorbent stones in a volume ratio of (60-70) - (30-40) and then paving the mixture, wherein the paving thickness is 5-10 cm, and the particle sizes of the absorbent stones are 3-6 mm.
The water absorbing and retaining unit has the functions of absorbing and retaining water, and the upper layer of the structure has more water, and the root system of the turfgrass has water taxis, so that the downward growth and development of the root system of the turfgrass are facilitated, and the raw soil with a certain proportion can provide required nutrients for the root system, thereby providing a growth environment for the root system of the turfgrass from two aspects of water and nutrients and promoting the growth and development of the turfgrass. The water absorption stone layer 7 provides more water to the upper layer through the water absorption function of the water absorption stone, and meanwhile, can prevent the upper layer soil particles from entering the second horizontal gabion 8 and the water storage cavity 9.
Further, a lawn original soil layer 2 is paved on the water absorption and retention unit. The original soil layer 2 of the lawn is located above the water retention layer 3, and the original soil of the lawn taken out by ditching is backfilled into the ditch, and the paving thickness is 15-20 cm. The lawn original soil layer 2 provides soil environment required by growth for the root system of the lawn grass, provides nutrients and water for the lawn grass and promotes the growth and development of the lawn grass.
As shown in fig. 3, a ventilating layer 12 and a matrix layer 11 are sequentially laid on the lawn original soil layer 2 from bottom to top. Preferably, the air-permeable layer 12 is formed by uniformly mixing and paving raw soil, fine sand and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of (40-45): (50-60): 5-10), and the paving thickness is 3-5 cm. The main function of the air-permeable layer 12 is to increase the air permeability of the planted lawn root system, which is beneficial to the growth of the lawn grass root system, avoid the rot of the lawn grass root system caused by poor soil air permeability, and is also beneficial to the growth of the root system to the lower soil.
Preferably, the matrix layer 11 is formed by uniformly mixing and paving raw soil, turfy soil, garden waste compost and wormcast according to the volume ratio of (65-70) - (15-20) - (10-12) - (3-5), and the paving thickness is 3-5 cm. The layer has the main functions of providing nutrients required for growth of the lawn grass and promoting the growth and development of the lawn grass, thereby improving the survival rate of the lawn grass.
Aiming at the problem of overlarge water consumption of lawn in landscaping, the invention utilizes garden waste compost, grass carbon soil, wormcast, vermiculite and fine sand to increase soil nutrients and soil air permeability, creates a good growing environment for lawn grass, utilizes water-absorbing stones to absorb water in soil for lawn root systems to utilize, and establishes a water-storing and water-retaining ditch underground for water storage.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A construction method of a lawn water-saving structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method comprises the following steps:
A. removing weeds and sundries, stacking the terrain, setting the terrain of the lawn planting field to be high in the middle and low at the periphery, and after the soil is turned over, fertilized and weeded, rolling, trimming and watering the soil;
B. taking the highest point of the center of the lawn as the center of a circle, and ditching in a radiation cobweb shape to form the appearance structure of the water storage and retention ditch (1);
C. the water storage and water retention ditch is characterized in that brick layers (4) are vertically built on two sides of the water storage and water retention ditch (1), impermeable layers (10) are laid on the inner walls of the brick layers (4) and the bottom of the water storage and water retention ditch (1), at least one first gabion (5) is vertically arranged in the middle of each impermeable layer (10) between the brick layers (4), a second gabion (8) is laid on the brick layers (4) on the two sides of the water storage and water retention ditch (1), each of the first gabion (5) and the second gabion (8) comprises a metal mesh cage (13) with an opening and closing opening (14) and water-absorbing stones filled in the metal mesh cage (13), and the length, the width and the height of each of the first gabion (5) and the second gabion (8) are 75-80 cm, 25-30 cm and 10-15 cm respectively;
D. drainage pipes (6) are symmetrically arranged between the outer side of the brick layer (4) and the original soil at the highest point of the center of the lawn; a water absorbing stone layer (7) and a water retaining layer (3) are sequentially laid on the second gabion (8), and then the water retaining layer (3) is backfilled with lawn original soil, wherein the height of the backfilled lawn original soil is flush with that of the un-excavated lawn original soil layer (2);
E. sequentially paving a breathable layer (12) and a matrix layer (11) on the original lawn soil layer (2), and selecting lawn grass for planting for conventional maintenance management;
F. lawn grass is selected to be planted in the matrix layer (11) for conventional maintenance management.
2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the water storage and retention ditches (1) is 53-75 cm, the width of the water storage and retention ditches (1) is 75-80 cm, and the interval between the adjacent water storage and retention ditches (1) is 2.5-3 m.
3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drain pipes (6) are symmetrically distributed at the central point of the water storage and retention ditch (1) in a radiation spider-web shape; the drain pipe (6) is a PVC corrugated pipe with an opening, and the outer side of the drain pipe (6) is wrapped with gauze.
4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water retention layer (3) is formed by uniformly mixing raw soil and absorbent stones in a volume ratio of (60-70) to (30-40) and then paving the mixture.
5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air-permeable layer (12) is formed by uniformly mixing and paving raw soil, fine sand and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of (40-45) - (50-60) - (5-10).
6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the matrix layer (11) is formed by uniformly mixing and laying raw soil, turfy soil, garden waste compost and wormcast according to the volume ratio of (65-70) - (15-20) - (10-12) - (3-5).
7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: an impermeable material is arranged between the second gabion (8) and the brick layer (4), and a permeable material is arranged between the second gabion (8) and the water-absorbent stone layer (7).
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