CN104770257B - Method for recovering vegetation through micropore thin films - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for restoring vegetation by using a microporous film. The operation steps include: 1) site cleaning; 2) laying a microporous film; 3) paving and fixing a geocell; 4) filling a nutrient matrix; 5) Sowing plant seeds; 6) laying microporous film; 7) fixing; 8) watering and tube cultivation. The invention has simple construction technology, convenient management and maintenance in the later stage, and can increase continuous and effective nutrition for plant growth, effectively inhibit soil moisture evaporation, improve soil air permeability, increase plant seed germination rate, and finally achieve effective greening, improve soil, and improve ecology The environmental purpose can be widely used in the vegetation restoration of barren hills, engineering waste land and cities.

Description

A Method for Vegetation Restoration Using Microporous Film

technical field

The invention relates to a method for restoring vegetation, in particular to a method for restoring vegetation by using a microporous film.

Background technique

With the acceleration of industrial development and urban modernization, the local economy has made gratifying achievements, but it has also brought some ecological and environmental problems. The city continues to expand to the surrounding areas, and excavation, road opening, and stone removal have resulted in a large number of exposed mountains, and more than 50% of my country's land area has a large number of exposed slopes in mountains, hills, and loess plateaus, and the erosion is quite serious. Due to the poor site conditions of these exposed mountains, it is very difficult to restore the vegetation, the survival rate and preservation rate are not high, the vegetation grows slowly, the stability is poor, and the quality is low, resulting in the destruction of the vegetation landscape, the degradation and deterioration of the ecosystem, and the aggravation of hidden dangers of geological disasters. It affects the production and life of the bare mountain and the surrounding residents, and restricts the sustainable development of the regional economy. Therefore, the vegetation restoration of the bare mountain is very urgent. At present, the traditional recovery methods mainly include hanging nets, spray seeding, and frame protection, etc., but these technologies have some defects: the hanging net method is highly technical, including three technical systems of civil engineering, seeding engineering, and maintenance engineering, and the construction procedures are cumbersome and cumbersome. The requirements are strict, and the recovery effect is often greatly reduced due to construction reasons; the cost of spraying technology is high, the protection performance is unstable, the landscape effect is poor, the water and fertilizer retention performance is poor, it is not drought-resistant, and it is easy to weather and crack, and the later maintenance work is expensive. High; frame protection uses concrete, masonry, etc. to make the skeleton frame, which requires a large amount of stone materials, which is not conducive to slope drainage, and is prone to freeze-thaw and frost heave damage. Stablize.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, and provide a method for vegetation restoration that uses microporous films to achieve temperature control and water retention, promote seed germination, and improve landscape appreciation, and has low construction costs and simple post-maintenance procedures.

Vegetation restoration method of the present invention, its operation step comprises:

1) Clean up the site, including surface garbage and large gravels, and carry out appropriate leveling treatment;

2) Laying a microporous film 1 (1) on the surface of step 1, the thickness of the microporous film 1 is 0.10~0.15mm, and the water seepage rate is above 1mm/min;

3) In step 2), pave the surface of the geocell (2), the geocell is welded by HDPE sheet, the distance between the welding points is 200~240mm, the height of the cell is 30~60mm, and the area of the single hole cell is 0.05m ² ; fully open the cell components, and fix them with anchors (3) at the node positions, the length of the anchors is 40cm; fix them with U-shaped anchors at a distance of 70cm around them, and use F-shaped anchors in the middle at a distance of 1.2m to form a triangle fixed;

4) Spread the nutrient matrix (4) evenly on the surface of step 3), fill the cell space, and fill the thickness of 6~8cm; the formula of the nutrient matrix is: peat: 800~1100 parts, vermiculite: 800~1100 parts, purple Mudstone: 300~600 parts, wheat bran: 20~30 parts, water retaining agent: 80~110 parts, disinfectant: 0.5~0.8 parts, compound fertilizer: 13~16 parts, rooting powder: 1~3 parts;

5) In step 4), the surface is sown according to the landscape requirements, and different or the same plant seeds are sown in different cell areas. The sowing amount of each cell is 3 to 8 seeds, and the plant seeds include one of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. one or any two or three;

6) Lay microporous film 2 (5) on the surface of step 5), the thickness of the microporous film 2 is 0.08~0.10mm, the water seepage rate is above 1.2mm/min, and the openings are evenly distributed on it, and the opening rate is 30%~ 40%, the pore size is 5~7μm; at the position corresponding to the cell, there are seed germination holes distributed on the film, and the germination hole is a cross-shaped vertical and horizontal cut, which is vertically crossed along the diagonal direction of the cell;

7) In step 6), use bamboo nails or wooden nails (6) to fix the film around and in the middle at a distance of 1m;

8) Watering and maintenance: water the surface of step 7) by high-pressure atomization, and water a small amount for the first time until saturated; replenish water during the germination and growth stages of the seeds.

Compared with conventional films, the microporous film used in the present invention has the advantage that it can intelligently adjust the opening and closing of micropores. The microporous channels are embedded with polymer water-absorbing resin microporous switches. When exposed to water, the microporous switches absorb water and expand, and the micropores open. Water infiltration; in the case of drought, the microporous switch loses water and shrinks, and the micropores are closed, reducing soil water evaporation.

The method of using microporous film for vegetation recovery in the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, step 2) The microporous film 1 can be used as a water buffer guarantee, and the film is used as an aquifer. Under the condition of sufficient rainwater or irrigation, the film stores After the water reaches saturation, the excess water penetrates into the soil layer through the micropores on the membrane; in the case of insufficient water supply for a long period of time, the water storage of the membrane can provide moisture for the matrix layer; The matrix plays the role of lateral reinforcement, enhances the bearing capacity of the matrix, and prevents the loss of the matrix and plant seeds with precipitation. On the other hand, it can fix the root system of the plant and realize the stable establishment of the plant; the third is step 4) The nutrient matrix layer is rich in nutrients and active materials, and the layer is loose, which is conducive to the rapid germination and rooting of the seeds; the fourth is to sow the seeds according to step 5), which can ensure the reasonable density of the plants after they are built, avoid insufficient nutrient supply, and reduce the number of plants. The amount of seeds is used to save costs, and it can also improve the landscape appreciation of the application site and meet the requirements of plant diversity; the fifth is step 6) The microporous film 2 can not only prevent the erosion and splash erosion of the substrate by rainwater, but also reduce the surface runoff and erosion of the substrate , enhance the stability of the substrate, and the film can effectively inhibit soil evaporation, reduce water management procedures, and play a water-saving role; the openings on the film increase soil air permeability, and the design of the seed germination hole ensures smooth emergence of seeds during germination, improving the quality of seeds Germination rate; the color film can enhance the ornamental value and avoid the monotonous color of the seed germination period.

Preferably, in step 2), the geocell is welded by HDPE sheets, the distance between welding points is 230 mm, the cell height is 50 mm, and the cell area of a single cell is 0.05 m ² .

When the geocell is of the above specifications, better vegetation restoration effect can be obtained.

Preferably, the nutritional matrix formula in step 4) is: peat: 1000 parts, vermiculite: 1000 parts, purple mudstone: 500 parts, wheat bran: 25 parts, water retaining agent: 100 parts, disinfectant: 0.7 parts, compound Fertilizer: 15 parts, root powder 2 parts.

When the nutrient matrix formula is the above-mentioned formula, better vegetation recovery effect can be obtained.

The water-retaining agent is a polymer water-absorbing resin, the disinfectant is a spectrum soil fungicide, the total nutrient (N + P ₂ O ₅ + K ₂ O) content of the compound fertilizer is not less than 30%, and the rooting powder is Water-soluble broad-spectrum plant growth regulator.

As shown in the examples of the present invention, compared with conventional vegetation restoration methods, the present invention can significantly improve the germination rate, survival rate and vegetation coverage of vegetation.

It is worth pointing out that the reason why the present invention can achieve excellent technical effects is that the present invention creatively sets method steps, and conventional processing of a certain step falls within the scope of protection of the present invention. For some components in the nutrient matrix, using components with the same function to replace them does not deviate from the spirit of the present invention and still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Adopting the method of the invention to restore vegetation has simple construction procedures, convenient management and maintenance in the later stage, high seed germination rate, fast vegetation formation, high coverage and reasonable cost, and is suitable for use in bare mountains, engineering slopes and other places.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 schematic diagram of cross section after the construction of the inventive method; Wherein, 1—microporous film 1,2—geocell, 3—anchoring nail, 4—nutrient matrix, 5—microporous film 2,6—bamboo nail or wooden nail .

Fig. 2 Opening mode of seed germination hole according to the method of the present invention.

detailed description

Example 1:

The operation steps are as follows:

1) Clean up the site, including surface garbage, large gravel, etc., and level it properly;

2) laying microporous film 1 on the surface of step 1;

3) In step 2), the surface is paved with geocells, the geocells are welded by HDPE sheets, the distance between welding points is 210mm, the height of the cells is 50mm, and the area of single cell cells is 0.05m ² ; fully open the cells The components are fixed with anchors at the node positions, and the length of the anchors is 40cm; the surroundings are fixed with U-shaped anchors at a distance of 70cm, and the middle is fixed with F-shaped anchors at a distance of 1.2m in a triangle;

4) In step 3), evenly spread the nutrient matrix on the surface to fill the cell space, and the filling thickness is 6~8cm. The nutritional matrix formula is: peat: 1000 parts, vermiculite: 800 parts, purple mudstone: 500 parts, wheat bran: 25 parts, water retaining agent: 80 parts, disinfectant: 0.7 parts, compound fertilizer: 15 parts, rooting powder : 2 parts; among them, peat, vermiculite, purple mudstone, wheat bran are commonly used materials, water-retaining agent is common polymer water-absorbing resin, disinfectant is spectrum soil fungicide, and the total nutrient of compound fertilizer (N + P ₂ O ₅ + K ₂ O) content of 40%, the rooting powder is a water-soluble broad-spectrum plant growth regulator;

5) In step 4), the surface is sown in a pattern of three rows of herbs and one row of shrubs. The seeds of herb plants are alfalfa, tall fescue, and white clover. The sowing amount is 5 to 8 seeds per cell, and the shrubs are For white thorn flower and Caragana microphylla, the sowing rate is 3~4 seeds per cell;

6) Lay a microporous film 2 on the surface of step 5), and the pores are evenly distributed on the microporous film 2, the opening rate is 30%~40%, and the pore size is 5~7µm; at the position corresponding to the cell, the film There are seed germination holes distributed on the top, and the germination holes are cross-shaped vertical and horizontal cuts, which are vertically crossed along the diagonal direction of the cell. In order to enhance the viewing and environmental coordination of the site during the seed germination period, the color of the microporous film 2 is selected as green;

7) In step 6), the surface is fixed with bamboo nails at a distance of 1m around and in the middle of the film;

8) Watering and maintenance: Use high-pressure atomization to water the surface of step 7), and water a small amount for the first time until saturated; during the seed germination and growth stages, properly replenish water according to specific conditions.

Implementation Effect:

The present invention is applied to the restoration of vegetation along a highway in Dujiangyan, Sichuan. The construction time is June 2013. The conventional film is used to directly clean up the site, laying the same thickness of nutrient matrix, and sowing plant seeds as a comparison: 1) After 20 days of construction, Statistical germination rate shows: the germination rate of vegetation seeds of the present invention reaches more than 90%, and the germination rate of control vegetation seeds is 75%; in April 2014, after the plants were verified through winter and summer, the statistics of plant survival rate, vegetation coverage and landscape quality Show: the vegetation survival rate of the present invention is 85%, the vegetation coverage is 93%, the plant community distribution ratio is suitable, the space is well-defined, and the ornamental value is strong; the contrast vegetation survival rate is only 65%, and the vegetation coverage is 58%. The distribution of the community is uneven, the spatial level is messy, and the landscape effect is general; 2) In June 2014, the nutrient matrix of the present invention and the control nutrient matrix were respectively tested for moisture. The results showed that the average water content of the matrix of the present invention was 38.6%, and the water content of the control Then it was 23.2%, illustrating that the method of the present invention can effectively suppress water evaporation and meet the water demand of plant growth.

Example 2:

The operation steps are as follows:

1) Clean up the site, including surface garbage, large gravel, etc., and level it properly;

2) laying microporous film 1 on the surface of step 1;

3) In step 2), the surface is paved with geocells, the geocells are welded by HDPE sheets, the distance between welding points is 230mm, the height of the cells is 60mm, and the area of single cell cells is 0.05m ² ; fully open the cells The components are fixed with anchors at the node positions, and the length of the anchors is 40cm; the surroundings are fixed with U-shaped anchors at a distance of 70cm, and the middle is fixed with F-shaped anchors at a distance of 1.2m in a triangle;

4) In step 3), evenly spread the nutrient matrix on the surface to fill the cell space, and the filling thickness is 6~8cm. The nutritional matrix formula is: peat: 1100 parts, vermiculite: 1100 parts, purple mudstone: 600 parts, wheat bran: 25 parts, water retaining agent: 110 parts, disinfectant: 0.8 parts, compound fertilizer: 16 parts, rooting powder :3 copies. Among them, peat, vermiculite, purple mudstone, and wheat bran are commonly used materials, the water-retaining agent is a common polymer water-absorbing resin, the disinfectant is a spectrum soil fungicide, and the total nutrient (N + P ₂ O ₅ + K ₂ O) content of the compound fertilizer is 35%, rooting powder is a water-soluble broad-spectrum plant growth regulator;

5) In step 4), the surface is sown according to the layout of outer herbs and middle shrubs. For herbs, choose bahia grass and Viola chinensis, and the sowing amount is 5 to 8 seeds per cell; for shrubs, choose Sichuan Rhododendron, and the sowing amount is 3~4 seeds for each cell;

6) Lay a microporous film 2 on the surface of step 5), and the pores are evenly distributed on the microporous film 2, the opening rate is 30%~40%, and the pore size is 5~7µm; at the position corresponding to the cell, the film There are seed germination holes distributed on the top, and the germination holes are cross-shaped vertical and horizontal cuts, which are vertically crossed along the diagonal direction of the cell. In order to enhance the viewing and environmental coordination of the site during the seed germination period, the color of the microporous film 2 is selected as green;

7) In step 6), the surface is fixed with bamboo nails at a distance of 1m around and in the middle of the film;

8) Watering and maintenance: water the surface of step 7) by high-pressure atomization, and water a small amount for the first time until saturated; replenish water during the germination and growth stages of the seeds.

Implementation Effect:

The present invention is applied to the vegetation restoration of a street green belt, and the construction time is March 2013. The conventional film is used to directly clean up the site, laying the same thickness of nutrient substrate, and sowing plant seeds as a control: 1) After 15 days of construction, count the germination Rate shows: the germination rate of the vegetation seeds of the present invention is 89%, and the germination rate of the contrast vegetation seeds is 73%; after construction for one year, after the plant is verified through overwintering and oversummer, the statistical plant survival rate and vegetation coverage show: the vegetation of the present invention survives The survival rate of the control vegetation was 76%, and the vegetation coverage was 84%. 2) After one year of construction, the nutrient matrix of the present invention and the control nutrient matrix were respectively tested for moisture. The results showed that the average water content of the matrix of the present invention was 34.7%, while that of the control was 18.6%, indicating that the method of the present invention can effectively suppress moisture. Evaporation meets the water needs of plant growth.

Example 3:

The operation steps are as follows:

1) Clean up the site, including surface garbage, large gravel, etc., and level it properly;

2) Lay the microporous film 1 on the surface of step 1.

3) In step 2), the surface is paved with geocells, the geocells are welded by HDPE sheets, the distance between welding points is 200mm, the height of the cells is 30mm, and the area of single cell cells is 0.05m ² ; fully open the cells The components are fixed with anchors at the node positions, and the length of the anchors is 40cm; the surroundings are fixed with U-shaped anchors at a distance of 70cm, and the middle is fixed with F-shaped anchors at a distance of 1.2m in a triangle;

4) In step 3), evenly spread the nutrient matrix on the surface to fill the cell space, and the filling thickness is 6~8cm. The nutritional matrix formula is: peat: 800 parts, vermiculite: 800 parts, purple mudstone: 300 parts, wheat bran: 20 parts, water retaining agent: 100 parts, disinfectant: 0.5 parts, compound fertilizer: 13 parts, rooting powder : 1 serving. Among them, peat, vermiculite, purple mudstone, and wheat bran are commonly used materials, the water-retaining agent is a common polymer water-absorbing resin, the disinfectant is a spectrum soil fungicide, and the total nutrient (N + P ₂ O ₅ + K ₂ O) content of the compound fertilizer is 40%, rooting powder is a water-soluble broad-spectrum plant growth regulator;

5) In step 4), the surface is sown according to the layout of outer herbs and middle shrubs. For herbs, choose bahia grass and Viola chinensis, and the sowing amount is 5 to 8 seeds per cell; for shrubs, choose Sichuan Rhododendron, and the sowing amount is 3~4 seeds for each cell;

6) Lay a microporous film 2 on the surface of step 5), and the pores are evenly distributed on the microporous film 2, the opening rate is 30%~40%, and the pore size is 5~7µm; at the position corresponding to the cell, the film There are seed germination holes distributed on the top, and the germination holes are cross-shaped vertical and horizontal cuts, which are vertically crossed along the diagonal direction of the cell. In order to enhance the viewing and environmental coordination of the site during the seed germination period, the color of the microporous film 2 is selected as green;

7) In step 6), the surface is fixed with bamboo nails at a distance of 1m around and in the middle of the film;

8) Watering and maintenance: water the surface of step 7) by high-pressure atomization, and water a small amount for the first time until saturated; replenish water during the germination and growth stages of the seeds.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of method that utilization microporous membrane carries out revegetation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

1) site clearing is carried out, cleaning content includes earth's surface rubbish incidental, bulk gravel, and carries out appropriate smooth process；

2) in step 1) field the earth's surface laying microporous membrane 1 (1), the thickness of the microporous membrane 1 is 0.10～0.15mm, is seeped water Speed is in more than 1mm/min；

3) in step 2) the Surface pavement geotechnical grid (2) of microporous membrane 1, the geotechnical grid is welded for HDPE sheet materials, Solder joint 200～240mm of distance, the high 30～60mm of compartment, single hole compartment area 0.05m²；Compartment component is fully opened, in node Position is fixed with holdfast (3), and holdfast length is 40cm；Surrounding is fixed with U-shaped holdfast by spacing 70cm, centre F type anchors Nail presses the fixation triangular in shape of spacing 1.2m；

4) in step 3) the uniform spreading nutrient matrix (4) in surface of geotechnical grid, filling compartment space, 6～8cm of filling thickness； The nutrient matrix formula is：Turf：800～1100 parts, Vermiculitum：800～1100 parts, purple mud rock：300～600 parts, wheat Bran：20～30 parts, water-retaining agent：80～110 parts, disinfectant：0.5～0.8 part, compound fertilizer：13～16 parts, root-inducing powder：1～3 part；

5) in step 4) surface of nutrient matrix sowed by landscape need, and in different compartment regions similar and different plant is broadcasted sowing Species, each compartment application rate is 3～8 seeds, and plant seed includes the one kind in arbor, shrub, herbaceous plant or appoints Meaning two, three kind；

6) in step 5) the surface laying microporous membrane 2 (5) of nutrient matrix after planting is carried out, the thickness of the microporous membrane 2 is 0.08～0.10mm, more than infiltration speed 1.2mm/min, is uniformly distributed thereon perforate, percent opening 30%～40%, pore size 5～7 μm；In the position corresponding with compartment, seed germinal aperature is distributed with thin film, germinal aperature is cross otch in length and breadth, edge The square crossing of compartment diagonal is distributed；

7) in step 6) the surface bamboo nail of microporous membrane 2 or wooden peg (6) be fixed by spacing 1m in thin film surrounding and centre；

8) water seasoning：Using high-pressure atomization mode to step 7) process after the surface of microporous membrane 2 water, water few first Amount is repeatedly until saturation；Moisturizing is carried out in Their Seed Germinating Period and trophophase.

2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in, the geotechnical grid is the welding of HDPE sheet materials Form, solder joint apart from 230mm, the high 50mm of compartment, single hole compartment area 0.05m²。

3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) described in nutrient matrix formula be：Turf：1000 Part, Vermiculitum：1000 parts, purple mud rock：500 parts, Testa Tritici：25 parts, water-retaining agent：100 parts, disinfectant：0.7 part, compound fertilizer：15 Part, 2 parts of root-inducing powder.

4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the water-retaining agent is hydroscopic high-molecular resin, the sterilization Agent is wide spectrum soil fungicides, compound fertilizer's total nutrient N+P₂O₅+K₂O content is not less than 30%, and the root-inducing powder is water solublity Broad-spectrum plant growth regulator.