CN111636444A - Water and soil conservation method for side slope in high-altitude area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydroelectric engineering, and relates to a method for retaining water and soil of a side slope in a high-altitude area. According to the analysis of statistical data, the turf coverage reaches over 90 percent in the current year after spraying, and the surrounding ecological environment is effectively improved. The ecological mode configuration is mainly carried out by taking forest and grass plants as main materials, which is beneficial to soil stabilization and slope protection, water and soil loss prevention, improvement of the side slope landscape of the dam, stability and safety of the side slope and reduction of the desertification phenomenon in alpine regions.

Description

Water and soil conservation method for side slope in high-altitude area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydroelectric engineering, and relates to a water and soil conservation method for a side slope in a high-altitude area.

Background

The conventional methods for slope stabilization and ecological restoration are ecological concrete, grouted or dry masonry blocks, cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete blocks, check nets, ecological bags, ecological blankets, foreign soil spray seeding and the like, the slope protection methods or the engineering cost is high or the construction and maintenance work difficulty is high, and part of the methods are only based on the stability of the slope and the safety of river flood, the influence on the environment and the ecology is not considered, the method which can perfectly combine the safety stabilization with the ecological benefit is fresh, and for the slope with the slope gradient of more than 60 degrees, the slope is easy to collapse or even slide due to the large slope gradient, so that the ecological restoration of the steep slope is more difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a water and soil conservation method for a side slope in a high-altitude area. The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a slope ecological restoration method which can effectively realize greening and slope structure stabilization of the soil-filled stone slope surface.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a water and soil conservation method for a side slope in a high-altitude area comprises the following steps:

1) determining a slope greening scheme according to different geological conditions of a slope, wherein a slope anchoring mode of concrete lattice beams is adopted for a soil slope section, earthwork lattice chambers are embedded in the concrete lattice beams for grass planting construction, and a high-order aggregate foreign soil spray-seeding technology is adopted for protecting slope vegetation for the soil-filled stone slope;

2) analyzing soil components of the side slope, and selecting plants suitable for the local climate and a required configuration mode of nutrient soil by combining local climate characteristics and original vegetation conditions;

3) after the excavated side slope is measured and rechecked, manually cleaning, excavating a concrete lattice beam foundation, pouring a concrete lattice beam, and finally, after the pouring is finished, installing a geocell, backfilling nutrient soil in the geocell and sowing vegetation;

4) adopting a high-order granule construction soil dressing spray-seeding technology, firstly cleaning a side slope, secondly, installing dowel bars and paving a three-dimensional net on the cleaned side slope, and configuring nutrient soil after the three-dimensional net is paved, and finally, spraying grass seeds;

5) the method comprises the steps of selecting grass seeds to be sown in 6-8 months in the current year according to local geographic environment and climate characteristics, counting the budding conditions of various grass seeds under different soil conditions after the grass seeds are sown, observing the survival conditions of various vegetation manually through watering maintenance, observing the scion conditions of the grass seeds for the mature grass seeds in the current year in the last 9 th day, and observing the growth conditions of the interplanted woody plants after wintering.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts two vegetation modes of sash beam geocell and high-order aggregate to be used for two different side slopes of soil slope and soil-filled stone, has more obvious effect after planting, can completely cover the side slope in a short period, and plays an obvious role in water and soil conservation. According to the analysis of statistical data, the turf coverage reaches over 90 percent in the current year after spraying, and the surrounding ecological environment is effectively improved. The ecological mode configuration is mainly carried out by taking forest and grass plants as main materials, which is beneficial to soil stabilization and slope protection, water and soil loss prevention, improvement of the side slope landscape of the dam, stability and safety of the side slope and reduction of the desertification phenomenon in alpine regions.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a concrete lattice beam according to the present invention.

In the figures, the names corresponding to the reference numerals are 1 and edging; 2. a framework; 3. a rib post; 4. an expansion joint; 5. spraying and planting grass on the three-dimensional net; 6. and (6) edge folding.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Please refer to fig. 1, which illustrates a method for maintaining water and soil on a slope in a high altitude area, comprising the following steps:

determining a slope greening scheme according to different geological conditions of a slope, wherein a slope anchoring mode of a concrete lattice beam is adopted for a soil slope section, and a geocell is embedded in the concrete lattice beam to perform grass planting construction. Carrying out side slope vegetation protection on the soil-filled stone side slope by adopting a high-order aggregate foreign soil spray-seeding technology;

analyzing soil components of the side slope, and selecting plants suitable for the local climate and a required configuration mode of nutrient soil by combining local climate characteristics and original vegetation conditions;

after the excavated side slope is measured and rechecked, manually cleaning, excavating a concrete lattice beam foundation, pouring a concrete lattice beam, and finally, after the pouring is finished, installing a geocell, backfilling nutrient soil in the geocell and sowing vegetation; the concrete lattice beam comprises a band 1, a framework 2, rib columns 3, a spray-seeding grass planting layer 5 and a front edge 6, wherein the band 1 is fixedly connected with two sides of the front edge 6 through the rib columns 3 on two sides, a grass planting area is formed among the band 1, the rib columns 3 and the front edge 6, the framework 2 is arranged in the grass planting area, an embedded geocell 21 is formed in the framework 2, the embedded geocell 21 is in a square grid shape, the edge of the framework 2 is fixedly connected with the inner sides of the band 1, the rib columns 3 and the front edge 6, the spray-seeding grass planting layer 5 is arranged in the framework 2, the spray-seeding grass planting layer 5 is a three-dimensional net spray-seeding grass planting, and an expansion joint 4 is arranged between adjacent concrete lattice beams;

adopting a high-order granule construction soil dressing spray-seeding technology, firstly cleaning a side slope, secondly, installing dowel bars and paving a three-dimensional net on the cleaned side slope, and configuring nutrient soil after the three-dimensional net is paved, and finally, spraying grass seeds;

the method comprises the steps of selecting grass seeds to be sown in 6-8 months in the current year according to local geographic environment and climate characteristics, counting the budding conditions of various grass seeds under different soil conditions after the grass seeds are sown, observing the survival conditions of various vegetation manually through watering maintenance, observing the scion conditions of the grass seeds for the mature grass seeds in the current year in the last 9 th day, and observing the growth conditions of the interplanted woody plants after wintering.

(1) The high-order aggregate construction process comprises the following steps:

slope treatment → wire netting laying and anchor rod fixing → culture medium allocation → mixing and spraying → maintenance management.

(2) Slope surface treatment:

firstly, the unstable slope body of the slope surface is cleaned, impurities, concrete blocks, pumice stones and loose rocks on the slope surface are used for trimming the slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is smooth, so that the wire netting is laid conveniently, and secondly, whether a ditch is formed on the top of the slope surface is checked to prevent the direct scouring of the spray seeding surface.

(3) Laying and fixing the wire netting:

the wire netting should be laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, a slope top main anchor rod should be arranged firstly during laying, the wire netting is hung into the slope top anchor rod and then tensioned to the slope bottom, secondary anchor rod fixing is carried out, and then the next anchor rod is laid. There should be no gap between two nets, and the lapping width of two net edges is not less than one mesh, and is tied tightly by iron wires. The end of the main anchor rod is sharpened, and the end of the secondary anchor rod is made into a hook of 5cm, so that the anchor rod and the galvanized wire mesh are firmly connected by adopting a binding wire.

(4) Mixing and spraying culture medium

The culture medium is prepared according to the table proportion and is uniformly mixed, in order to achieve the combination of grass and irrigation, the high-order pellet agent A is added into the base material and is uniformly mixed, the mixture is conveyed to a pellet spray gun through a spray seeder and then is instantly mixed with the pellet agent B conveyed by a pellet reaction tank to generate a pellet hydrophobic reaction, and the material is sprayed on a slope surface to form a material culture medium which is adhered to the slope surface.

1) The spraying-seeding machine adopts a soil dressing spraying-seeding machine, the spraying-seeding sequence is from top to bottom, concave-convex parts and dead angle parts need to be fully noticed, omission is avoided, the spraying thickness is as uniform as possible, the spraying is generally divided into three layers, firstly, a nutrition base material which does not contain seeds and is about 4cm in thickness is sprayed, then, a middle-layer basal disc which is about 4cm in thickness is sprayed, then, a culture medium which contains seeds and is 2cm in thickness is sprayed, and 1-2 layers of nutrition base layers can be additionally sprayed in places with poor planting conditions. The seeding amount per square meter is about 25g, and the surface is smooth and flat after spray seeding.

2) The spray seeding is suitable for construction in the planting season, and the spray seeding is not suitable for construction in rainy days.

3) The water consumption must be controlled well in the spray-seeding construction, and the enough water content of the substrate is ensured

4) Leveling is needed in spray sowing; after the spraying and sowing are finished, the area of the iron wire net covered by the base material is more than 80-90%.

(5) Plant maintenance irrigation arrangement

Because the slope is steep, the slope is prevented from being washed by water flow during maintenance, and plant irrigation requirements are combined with on-site terrain conditions for sprinkling irrigation.

(6) Maintenance measures

1) And after the high-order granule spray seeding is finished, non-woven fabrics are paved in time to preserve soil moisture.

2) Different maintenance measures are adopted in the maintenance period according to different periods such as the seedling emergence period, the seedling period, the fast growing period and the seedling hardening period, dripping, sprinkling irrigation and fertilization are carried out in time according to different maintenance periods and the requirements of seedling growth, the normal growth of the vegetation is ensured, and the maintenance period is one year.

The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A water and soil conservation method for a side slope in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) determining a slope greening scheme according to different geological conditions of a slope, wherein a slope anchoring mode of concrete lattice beams is adopted for a soil slope section, earthwork lattice chambers are embedded in the concrete lattice beams for grass planting construction, and a high-order aggregate foreign soil spray-seeding technology is adopted for protecting slope vegetation for the soil-filled stone slope;

2) analyzing soil components of the side slope, and selecting plants suitable for the local climate and a required configuration mode of nutrient soil by combining local climate characteristics and original vegetation conditions;

3) after the excavated side slope is measured and rechecked, manually cleaning, excavating a concrete lattice beam foundation, pouring a concrete lattice beam, and finally, after the pouring is finished, installing a geocell, backfilling nutrient soil in the geocell and sowing vegetation;

4) adopting a high-order granule construction soil dressing spray-seeding technology, firstly cleaning a side slope, secondly, installing dowel bars and paving a three-dimensional net on the cleaned side slope, and configuring nutrient soil after the three-dimensional net is paved, and finally, spraying grass seeds;

5) the method comprises the steps of selecting grass seeds to be sown in 6-8 months in the current year according to local geographic environment and climate characteristics, counting the budding conditions of various grass seeds under different soil conditions after the grass seeds are sown, observing the survival conditions of various vegetation manually through watering maintenance, observing the scion conditions of the grass seeds for the mature grass seeds in the current year in the last 9 th day, and observing the growth conditions of the interplanted woody plants after wintering.

Images