CN110447481B

CN110447481B - Granule spray-seeding construction method

Info

Publication number: CN110447481B
Application number: CN201910879371.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕粉桃; 常春红; 韩泽
Original assignee: China Mine Re Green Beijing Eco Science And Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: China Mine Re Green Beijing Eco Science And Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-18
Filing date: 2019-09-18
Publication date: 2021-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-18
Also published as: CN110447481A

Abstract

The invention relates to a granule spray-seeding construction method, which comprises the following steps: s1, clearing the slope: cleaning and trimming the slope surface of the slope body; s2, laying iron wire: laying iron wire nets on the trimmed slope surface from top to bottom; s3, anchoring the wire: fixing the wire netting on the slope surface by using an anchoring piece; s4, granule spraying: spraying a substrate layer on the slope; s5, maintenance management: and after the spray seeding is finished, performing maintenance management operation, and forming a plant layer after the plant seeds germinate and grow. At least one anchor is a reinforced anchor; the enhanced anchoring piece comprises a screw rod which is vertical to the slope surface, a screw cap which is sleeved on the upper part of the screw rod and a clamping plate; the lower part of the screw is fixed in the slope body; the clamping plate comprises a base and a through hole formed in the middle of the base; the through hole is sleeved in the middle of the screw rod; the wire mesh is fixed between the screw cap and the clamping plate; the lower end surface of the clamping plate is arranged close to the slope surface.

Description

Granule spray-seeding construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a granule spray-seeding construction method, and belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation.

Background

Rock slopes are very common slopes in projects such as highways, railways, water conservancy, mines and the like. The side slope is generally steep, has no vegetation condition, and is difficult to restore to the original ecological balance by only depending on natural force. The exposed rock side slope causes a series of problems, such as the damage of food chains, the deterioration of local microclimate (such as heat island effect in summer), and the visual pollution caused by the dark and monotonous color of the surface of the side slope on the roads and railways. Therefore, the ecological management measures are adopted, and the rock slope is covered with green clothes as soon as possible on the premise of ensuring the slope stability, so that the requirements of reducing ecological deterioration and beautifying the environment are met, and the requirements of a water and soil conservation method are met. The granule mixed fiber spray-seeding technology is mainly used for protection and green restoration construction aiming at a large number of stone slopes with the gradient of 45-85 degrees. The method specifically comprises the steps of fully mixing grass seeds, organic fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, screened planting soil, organic fiber, granulating agent and other mixtures, and uniformly spraying the mixture to rocks to be protected according to the designed thickness by a special soil dressing sprayer so as to achieve the greening purpose that the landscape is similar to the nature. However, the current construction method of the spray-seeding technology is complex, and when the wire mesh is anchored, the situation of loosening or unstable anchoring often occurs, so that the whole slope protection effect is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a pellet spray-seeding construction method which is suitable for concrete slopes, rock surfaces, steep slopes and reverse slopes, is also suitable for common slopes, gravel surfaces and soil slopes, has the advantages of high spray-seeding speed, good quality, low equipment requirement, water flow and freezing erosion resistance, wide application range and less waste, and is easy to industrialize and standardize. Meanwhile, when the granular spray-seeding construction method is used for anchoring the wire netting, the anchoring strength of the wire netting can be enhanced, the wire netting is firmly fixed on a slope body, and the wire netting is prevented from loosening and falling off or slipping on the slope body.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a granule spray-seeding construction method comprises the following steps:

s1, clearing the slope: cleaning and trimming the slope surface of the slope body;

s2, laying iron wire: laying iron wire nets on the trimmed slope surface from top to bottom;

s3, anchoring the wire: fixing the wire netting on the slope surface by using an anchoring piece;

s4, granule spraying: spraying a substrate layer on the slope;

s5, maintenance management: and after the spray seeding is finished, performing maintenance management operation, and forming a plant layer after the plant seeds germinate and grow.

Further, at least one of the anchors is a reinforced anchor; the reinforced anchoring piece comprises a screw rod which is vertical to the slope surface, a screw cap which is sleeved on the upper part of the screw rod and a clamping plate; the lower part of the screw is fixed in the sloping body; the clamping plate comprises a base and a through hole formed in the middle of the base; the through hole is sleeved in the middle of the screw rod; the wire mesh is fixed between the screw cap and the clamping plate; the lower end face of the clamping plate is tightly attached to the slope.

Further, between S3, anchoring the wire and S4, spraying the pellets, a step S3.5, spraying water mist: and a water spraying mechanism is used for spraying water mist on the slope surface.

Furthermore, the water spraying mechanism comprises two supporting seats respectively fixed at the upper end of the outer side of the slope, guide rails fixed at the upper end of the supporting seats and a bracket arranged between the two guide rails; sliding blocks are fixed at two ends of the bracket; the sliding block is sleeved in the guide rail and can slide back and forth along the guide rail; a plurality of spray heads for spraying water mist are uniformly fixed on two sides of the bracket; the spray head is communicated with an external water source.

Further, in the step of anchoring the wire mesh at S3, when the wire mesh is anchored using the anchoring member, the anchoring member is first inserted by half the length, and after the step of S3.5, water mist spraying and S4, pellet spray seeding is completed, the anchoring member is completely locked; meanwhile, when the anchoring piece is inserted into the steel wire mesh, the granules are sprayed, the thickness of the matrix layer is smaller than or equal to the height of the steel wire mesh, and after the anchoring piece is completely locked, the granules are sprayed again until the matrix layer completely submerges the steel wire mesh.

Furthermore, a plurality of clamping protrusions are fixed on the outer side of the upper end of the base; the length of the clamping bulge is larger than the diameter of meshes of the iron wire net; the clamping protrusion penetrates out of the wire netting upwards to clamp and fix the wire netting and the clamping plate.

Further, a coil spring is arranged between the screw cap and the wire mesh; the coil spring is sleeved outside the screw rod; the upper end of the coil spring is tightly attached to the lower end of the screw cap, and the lower end of the coil spring is fixed with the wire mesh; the coil spring provides a spring force that presses the wire against the clamping plate.

Furthermore, a base is fixed at the lower end of the screw cap; the diameter of the base is larger than that of the screw cap; the upper end of the coil spring is tightly attached to the lower end of the base.

Further, in S3, in the wire mesh anchoring step, the reinforced anchors are arranged in a quincunx shape; before the reinforced anchoring piece is inserted, a mounting hole for fixing the reinforced anchoring piece is dug on a slope surface, and then the mounting hole is cleaned; after the reinforced anchoring piece is inserted into the mounting hole, filling materials are used for grouting and fixing.

Further, the filling material is cement paste or concrete.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the granule mixed fiber spray-seeding method is suitable for concrete slope surfaces, rock surfaces, steep slope surfaces and reverse slope surfaces, is also suitable for common slope surfaces, broken stone surfaces and soil slope surfaces, has the advantages of high spray-seeding speed, good quality, low equipment requirement, water flow and freezing erosion resistance, wide application range, less waste and easy industrialization and standardization.

2. The adhesive is added into the matrix layer, so that the fibrous particles and powdery particle cluster particles can be better adhered to the slope.

3. The plant seeds are selected according to the climatic characteristics, the vegetation condition and the slope protection concept requirement of an owner in a local area, shrubs are mainly used as main materials, herbaceous plants and wild flowers are used as auxiliary materials, compound fertilizers are regularly sprayed, sprinkling irrigation maintenance is regularly carried out, cutting is regularly carried out, diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled, and the protection and greening effects are improved.

4. When the wire netting is anchored, the anchoring strength of the wire netting can be enhanced, the wire netting is firmly fixed on a slope body, and the wire netting is prevented from loosening and falling off or sliding on the slope body.

5. Set up water spray mechanism on the problem of breaking, spout a water smoke earlier before the granule spray-seeding, on the one hand is for moist soil, and on the other hand is then for the surface of moist wire netting for the granule of follow-up spray-seeding is difficult for assembling on the wire netting, can prevent follow-up because of the wire netting vibration, drives monoblock granule and is peeled off and come.

6. The anchoring piece is only locked by half when the wire mesh is laid, enough space is reserved for granules, and the granules can be firmly pressed by the wire mesh in the subsequent process of completely locking the anchoring piece, so that the fixing effect of the granules is improved, and the influence of vibration or movement of the wire mesh on the granules on the substrate layer is reduced. The anchoring parts are completely locked, and granules are sprayed again, so that the fixing effect of the granules on the upper surface and the lower surface of the wire netting is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the wire mesh of the present invention in combination with a clamping plate.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the reinforcement anchor of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a water spraying mechanism of the present invention

The reference numbers in the figures denote:

1. a slope body; 11. a slope surface; 12. mounting holes; 13. a filler material; 2. a wire mesh; 3. an anchoring member; 31. a screw; 32. a nut; 33. a base; 34. a coil spring; 4. a clamping plate; 41. a base; 42. a through hole; 43. clamping the protrusion; 5. a substrate layer; 6. a plant layer; 61. shrubs; 62. a herbaceous plant; 7. a water spraying mechanism; 71. a supporting seat; 72. a guide rail; 73. a support; 74. a slider; 75. and (4) a spray head.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-5, a pellet spray-seeding construction method includes the steps of:

s1, cleaning the slope 11: cleaning and trimming the slope surface 11 of the slope body 1;

the sundries on the slope surface 11 are cleaned, pumice and loose rocks are removed, and the slope body 1 is trimmed to ensure that the slope surface 11 is smooth, so that the wire netting 2 is laid conveniently. Meanwhile, whether the top of the slope has a ditch or not is checked to prevent direct washing of the spray seeding surface.

S2, laying iron wire 2: laying an iron wire net 2 on the trimmed slope 11 from top to bottom;

when laying the wire netting 2, should lay along slope 1 top-down, expand whole wire netting 2 on domatic 11, fix the upper end of the net body, can continue downward the fixed again. The wire netting 2 should be firmly fixed on the slope 11.

S3, anchoring wire 2: fixing the wire netting 2 on the slope 11 by using an anchoring piece 3;

galvanized wire mesh can be used for wire mesh 2. The wire netting 2 should be fixed by the anchor member 3, the specification and the number of the anchor member 3 should meet the design requirements, meanwhile, the main anchor member is matched with the secondary anchor member for use, the main anchor member is suitable for being used at the top of a slope, a lap joint or a main stress position, and the secondary anchor member can be used at other positions. The main anchoring part should not exceed 1m in rock length, and for rocky slopes, a metal anchoring part is preferably used, the length is preferably 500mm, for soil slopes, a metal or wood anchoring part is preferably used, and the length is preferably 700 mm. The rock-entering length of the secondary anchoring piece is not more than 0.5m, the rock slope is preferably a metal anchoring piece with the length of 300mm, and the soil slope is preferably a wood anchoring piece with the length of 500 mm.

The wire netting 2 is laid in the upper edge region of the slope body 1 and should extend outwards for a certain distance. The extension length of the rock side slope is more than 80cm, the extension length of the soil side slope is more than 150cm, and the rock side slope and the soil side slope are fixed by an anchoring part 3; the spacing between the anchors 3 is preferably not greater than 100 cm.

For rocky slopes, the anchor 3 is preferably fixed in a depression in the rock. When the rock has cracks, the anchoring piece 3 can be directly driven into the cracks; when no crack exists, the mounting hole 12 is drilled and driven, and the mounting hole 12 is drilled to be vertical to the slope 11 or form an inclination angle of 15 degrees.

For the connection between the iron wire nets 2, the adjacent transverse nets are overlapped, the overlapping width is preferably 100mm, the overlapping part is fixed by the anchoring parts 3, and the distance between the anchoring parts 3 along the overlapping direction is 500 mm; the vertical adjacent nets are overlapped or connected, the overlapping width is preferably 100mm, the overlapped part is fixed by the anchoring parts 3, and the distance between the anchoring parts 3 along the overlapping direction is preferably 500 mm; the connection mode is preferably connected by iron wires;

when in anchoring, the anchoring parts 3 are arranged in a plum blossom shape or an irregular shape, are uniformly distributed and are not arranged in a straight line; meanwhile, the anchoring pieces 3 should be reasonably selected according to different slopes 11, and the number of the anchoring pieces 3 is preferably (100-200) per 100 m. For individual uneven slopes 11, the density of the anchoring elements 3 must be increased to ensure that the wire 2 adheres to the slopes 11.

The metal anchoring piece is mainly used for rock slopes and needs to be drilled by an electric drill and then driven into the slope 11 which cannot be directly driven into the slope. For loose rock slopes with high weathering degree or soil-rock mixed and soil slopes, wood anchoring parts are mainly used to increase the friction force between the anchoring parts 3 and the slope 11 and ensure that the wire netting 2 is firmly fixed.

The wire 2 should be fitted to the slope 11 and kept at a certain distance, preferably 2/3 designed for the thickness of the spray. When the concave-convex fluctuation of the side slope is large, the wire netting 2 is laid and fixed close to the slope 11; when the side slope is relatively flat, the wire netting 2 is padded up by using a cushion block, and the thickness of the cushion block is preferably 2/3 of the designed spray-seeding thickness.

S3.5, spraying water mist: spraying water mist on the slope 11 by using a water spraying mechanism 7;

the water spraying mechanism 7 comprises two supporting seats 71 respectively fixed at the upper ends of the outer sides of the sloping surfaces 11, guide rails 72 fixed at the upper ends of the supporting seats 71 and a bracket 73 arranged between the two guide rails 72; two ends of the bracket 73 are fixed with sliding blocks 74; the slide block 74 is sleeved in the guide rail 72 and can slide back and forth along the guide rail 72; a plurality of nozzles 75 for spraying water mist are uniformly fixed on two sides of the bracket 73; the spray head 75 is in communication with an external water source.

Guide rails 72 are arranged on two sides of the slope body 1, then a bracket 73 is erected on the guide rails 72, and a plurality of spray heads 75 for spraying water mist are arranged on the bracket 73. Spout a water smoke earlier before the granule is spouted and is for moist soil on the one hand, and on the other hand is then for moist wire netting 2's surface for the granule of follow-up spouting is difficult for 2 collections on the wire netting, can prevent that follow-up because of the vibration of wire netting 2, drives monoblock granule and is peeled off and come.

S4, granule spraying: spraying a substrate layer 5 on the slope 11;

the granular materials are sprayed on the slope surface 11 to form a substrate layer 5 which is adhered on the slope surface 11. The spraying is carried out from the front as far as possible, the upward spraying is avoided, the concave-convex part and the dead angle part need to be fully noticed without omission, the spraying thickness is as uniform as possible, but the spraying thickness can be thinner at places with good planting conditions and thicker at places with poor conditions. Spraying three to five times, namely spraying a nutrient substrate with the thickness of 3-4cm and without seeds, spraying a middle-layer basal disc with the thickness of 4-5cm, and spraying a culture medium containing seeds, wherein the thickness of the seed-containing layer is 2cm, and the sowing amount per square meter is 20-41 g. After spraying, the area of the wire 2 covered by the base material should be 70-80%.

The preparation work before the spray seeding operation should meet the following requirements:

1) selecting a place with a higher topography to store the spray-seeding material, well performing material protection work, well performing drainage work around a material stacking field, and strictly prohibiting the spray-seeding material from being soaked by water;

2) the field material area, the office area, the living area, the production area, the mechanical equipment area and the like are reasonably arranged, and the requirements of safe and civilized construction are met.

The spray seeding process should meet the following requirements:

1) the materials are put in strictly according to the material proportion, and the proportion is forbidden to be changed randomly;

2) spraying and sowing the basal layer and then the seed layer according to the designed spraying and sowing thickness in a layered manner; the spraying thickness is 10 cm;

3) the target plant seeds are in the surface seed layer, the seed layer is sprayed uniformly, and the thickness is preferably 2 cm; (ii) a

4) The spray seeding sequence is that the spray seeding is performed first, then the spray seeding is performed first, and the spray seeding is performed easily and easily, and the spray seeding thickness is uniform, so that spray leakage is avoided;

5) in the process of spray-seeding construction, the spray-seeding matrix must not have the loss phenomenon, such as matrix loss and peeling, and the spray-seeding must be carried out again.

The seeds for spraying the thin layer are mixed seeds, shrubs 61 and herbaceous plants 62 are matched for use. The seeds are selected from cold-resistant and drought-resistant native grass seeds and shrubs. According to the water source and climate conditions of the greening side slope, the alfalfa, the tall fescue, the ailanthus altissima, the robinia pseudoacacia, the amorpha fruticosa and other grass seeds are properly matched with the wild flowers according to the proportion, are mixed, sowed, mixed and stirred into the base material, and are sprayed together.

In addition, during the spraying of the granules, the spraying of water mist can also be carried out again at the same time.

Particularly, when the wire mesh 2 is laid, the anchoring piece 3 is firstly locked by half, the wire mesh 2 is kept to be planar as much as possible, enough space is reserved for granules, after the subsequent water mist spraying and the granule spray seeding are finished, the thickness of the substrate layer 5 is ensured to be lower than or equal to the height of the wire mesh 2 when the granule spray seeding is finished, and then the anchoring piece 3 is completely locked. After the anchor 3 is completely locked, the granule is again sprayed to the substrate layer 5 until the thickness of the substrate layer 5 completely submerges the wire netting 2. After the spraying is completed again, the substrate layer 5 should be inspected to find out where the insufficiency occurs, and should be replenished again. The anchoring piece 3 is firstly half locked, and enough space is reserved for the granules, so that the granules at the bottom layer can completely fall in the range covered by the wire netting 2 when the subsequent anchoring piece 3 is completely locked, and the granules are compacted by the wire netting 2, thereby improving the fixing effect of the granules; if the granules are displaced due to the movement of the wire 2, the displacement of the granules can be controlled to the maximum extent within the range covered by the wire 2, preventing the granules from going out of the wire 2. In this way, the impact of vibration or movement of the wires 2 on the granules on the substrate layer 5 is greatly reduced. After the anchor 3 is completely locked, the pellet is sprayed again, so as to improve the coating effect of the pellets on the upper and lower surfaces of the wire netting 2.

S5, maintenance management: and after the spray sowing is finished, performing maintenance management operation, and forming a plant layer 6 after the plant seeds germinate and grow.

1) Irrigation mode and water source:

the water supply is ensured during the seed germination and seedling growth period, and the seedling death phenomenon caused by water shortage is avoided.

In hot summer, the nursery stock is not watered with cold water, and the temperature difference between the water temperature and the air temperature for maintenance is less than 10 ℃.

Manual irrigation can be selected according to the side slope conditions, and the spray gun is not required to be aligned with the side slope to spray water in the front direction during watering, so that the sprayed substrate is prevented from being washed and falling off.

The maintenance water is selected from clean river water, lake water, tap water, etc., and seawater, industrial wastewater, oil-containing water source which can inhibit plant growth, etc. are forbidden.

2) Hanging a sunshade net and non-woven fabrics:

the coating is preferably applied early after application, immediately after application of each web. But the edge of the sunshade net can not block the sprayed and attached substrate to avoid the accumulation of the substrate and the influence on the seedling emergence.

The shade slope is only hung with a single layer sunshade net. In view of the fact that the evaporation capacity of the sunny slope is large, the sunny slope constructed in the month of June is entered, and the sunshade net is hung on the slope surface 11.

When hanging, the wind direction should be scraped along the construction site, the wind direction side breadth is pressed down by the wind direction side breadth, the net can be reduced to be blown up by wind, and the overlapping breadth is preferably 5-10 cm. The overlapped part can be fixed by nailing into the slope body 1 or connected by metal wires. The sunshade net completely covers the slope 11, and the spraying surface can not be exposed.

Sunshade nets are generally not suitable for being laid transversely.

When the recycled sunshade net is shorter than the slope 11, the connection process needs to be finished outside the slope 11.

If the sunshade net is blown up by wind, the nail should be mended in time.

In spring construction, the non-woven fabric and the sunshade net can be used for replacing a single sunshade net, so that heat preservation germination and seedling emergence are facilitated.

3) Initial maintenance watering

After spraying, under the condition of no natural rainfall, the first watering is completed within 12 hours. The maximum time is not more than 24 hours. Enough water should be poured during the initial watering (the base material just sprayed is easy to absorb water and seep downwards, and the water can be thoroughly poured to improve the utilization rate of water), but the erosion cannot be formed on the slope 11.

The spray head 75 sprays a stream of water with sufficient atomization.

When watering, the watering person is used as the center, the watering is performed alternately left and right in the range reached by the water column, and the watering person moves the position to perform the watering after the watering is performed enough, so that the watering can be performed twice at each position. Each sunshade net is used as a unit for irrigation and is gradually pushed, so that the irrigation leakage can be avoided. When watering, the spray nozzle 75 should not be too close to the slope 11 to avoid erosion.

If the slope 11 is long, the far end of the water column should be timely checked during maintenance, whether watering is missed or insufficient is detected, watering personnel are timely reminded to perform supplementary watering, and the slope 11 is required to be uniformly watered, so that the slope 11 can germinate regularly.

Watering principle: the watering amount of the upper part of the slope 11 is larger than that of the lower part of the slope 11, and the watering time of the upper part is properly prolonged (the upper part loses water quickly, and the water seeps down along the slope 11 under the influence of gravity).

When no natural rainfall is supplied, the water supply of the slope 11 is ensured after the spraying and before the full seedlings of the gramineae (the spraying and adhering surface is ensured to be wet, and the slope 11 is not easy to form hardening to influence the seedling emergence).

When the natural rainfall is not large enough, the watering of the slope 11 can not be stopped, and a small amount of rainfall can not meet the requirement of the growth of the seedling stage (especially on a sunny slope covered with non-woven fabrics, the small amount of rainfall is blocked on the mesh cloth, and the wetting effect on the slope 11 can not be realized).

Watering time, controlled at 10 a.m.: before 00 p, 03 pm: and after 00, avoiding the hottest time of the day (fully utilizing the water and benefiting the growth of the seedlings). But special circumstances may be considered expedient.

2) Remove the cover (picking net)

The net picking time can be different according to different construction seasons of yin and yang slopes. And (4) proposing: 3 cm-5 cm grass and 2 cm-4 cm leguminous (before the main leaves of the grass grow), the moisture is not preserved too early, and seedlings are burnt by the net at night.

In spring, the sun slope is constructed by hanging non-woven fabrics and sun-shading nets, and the removal time can be properly prolonged (20 days are recommended).

Each net is marked with a length, so that the repeated utilization is facilitated.

The nonwoven fabric is generally adhered to the slope 11 and is removed carefully.

5) Remediation

If the emergence of seedlings is not good on the sprayed surfaces, the seedlings are remedied as early as possible. Poor emergence and remedy:

the sprayed surface is hardened, seedlings appear in hardened and cracked gaps, if the germination number is 500/m, remediation can be omitted, watering is slightly heavier, and the seedlings with the seedlings grow up to meet the coverage requirement. If the deficiency of 500/m is relieved in time.

Because the number of seedlings is insufficient due to the accumulation of the floating and falling substrates and drought, only the gramineae is left here generally, and the remediation is carried out to carry out the hole sowing remediation.

If the coverage of the seedlings is enough, but the slope 11 cracks, the net and the bottom soil leak from the crack, and the ratio of the available soil to the available soil is 1: 1 mixing and stirring the mixed grass seeds, and adding the mixture into a compaction device.

The slope base material is too thin and exposed to the net, the hole can be sowed in a hole and twisted, but the hole is opened on the bottom soil and the wet soil floats on the surface, and the slope base material is treaded firmly.

If no seedling condition appears on part of the slope surface 11, the mixed seeds can be mixed into the soil base according to the ratio of 1: 1, adding a small amount of adhesive, adding water to make the mixture into a thick paste with certain cohesiveness, roughening the sprayed surface, sticking the thick paste on the slope 11 with the thickness of 2cm, and covering with non-woven fabric and sunshade net to preserve soil moisture.

When the number of seedlings is insufficient, the reason should be found out, then the modification scheme is determined, and corresponding measures are taken.

6) Late watering maintenance

Within three days after picking the net, the seedlings are still young, the watering amount should be kept unchanged, and the water consumption is reduced according to the condition after the seedlings are adaptive to the non-protection condition.

The watering amount after net picking is determined according to the plant condition of the slope 11, maintenance personnel are required to observe seedlings in the period, if leguminous plants suffer leaf rolling and leaf back turning, water should be supplemented in time, the watering amount is sufficient every time when water is supplemented, and watering is performed as much as possible under the condition that the slope 11 has no water confluence.

The water consumption in sunny slopes is heavy. In this period, the legume and gramineae are easily burned off along the sprayed surface, and if necessary, water is sprayed in the front of the noon to reduce the temperature.

When the leaves are 3-4cm in length and the grass is 7-10 cm in length, the water can be cut off, the rooting of the seedlings can be reasonably stopped, the squatting effect can be achieved, the height of the grass can be controlled, and the stress resistance of the grass can be enhanced.

When the slope 11 completely emerges (about 20 days), certain dead seedlings appear, which are considered to be normal (the seeds with the depth of more than 0.5cm in the shallow layer sprout and have bad roots, and the surface layer is drought and peeled off to cause water loss and death of vegetation), the coverage degree is generally not influenced.

7) Plant diseases and insect pests

When the construction is carried out in arid and semiarid regions, the diseases are generally less, and the prevention and the treatment of insect pests are mainly carried out. Small areas with sporadic insect pests are closely observed when the small areas appear, and the small areas should be treated in time if the small areas are enlarged again.

Further, at least one of the anchors 3 is a reinforced anchor; the reinforced anchoring piece comprises a screw rod 31 which is vertical to the slope 11, a screw cap 32 which is sleeved on the upper part of the screw rod 31 and a clamping plate 4; the lower part of the screw rod 31 is fixed in the slope body 1; the clamping plate 4 comprises a base 41 and a through hole 42 arranged in the middle of the base 41; the through hole 42 is sleeved in the middle of the screw rod 31; the wire netting 2 is fixed between the nut 32 and the clamping plate 4; the lower end face of the clamping plate 4 is tightly attached to the slope 11. The clamping plate 4 is matched with the screw cap 32 to tightly clamp the wire netting 2, and the wire netting 2 is prevented from deviating and falling off through the screw rod 31.

Furthermore, a plurality of clamping protrusions 43 are fixed on the outer side of the upper end of the base 41; the length of the clamping bulge 43 is larger than the mesh diameter of the iron wire 2; the engaging protrusion 43 protrudes upward through the wire netting 2, and engages and fixes the wire netting 2 and the clamping plate 4. The engaging projections 43 are larger than the diameter of the meshes of the wire 2, so that the meshes of the wire 2 are deformed by pressure when the engaging projections 43 pass through the meshes of the wire 2, and can be more firmly engaged with the engaging projections 43.

Further, a coil spring 34 is arranged between the nut 32 and the wire netting 2; the coil spring 34 is sleeved outside the screw rod 31; the upper end of the coil spring 34 is tightly attached to the lower end of the nut 32, and the lower end of the coil spring 34 is fixed with the wire netting 2; coil spring 34 provides the elasticity, presses wire netting 2 towards pinch plate 4, realizes better fixed effect.

Further, a base 33 is fixed at the lower end of the screw cap 32; the diameter of the base 33 is larger than that of the screw cap 32; the upper end of the coil spring 34 is closely attached to the lower end of the base 33.

Further, in step S3, in the step of anchoring the wire netting 2, the reinforced anchors are arranged in a quincunx shape; before inserting the enhanced anchoring piece, a mounting hole 12 for fixing the enhanced anchoring piece is dug on the slope 11, and then the mounting hole 12 is cleaned; after the reinforced anchor is inserted into the mounting hole 12, the reinforced anchor should be fixed by grouting using a filling material 13.

Further, the filling material 13 is cement paste or concrete.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A granule spray-seeding construction method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, cleaning the slope surface (11): cleaning and trimming the slope surface (11) of the slope body (1);

s2, laying iron wire (2): laying iron wire nets (2) on the trimmed slope surface (11) from top to bottom;

s3, anchoring wire (2): fixing the wire netting (2) on the slope surface (11) by using the anchoring piece (3);

s4, granule spraying: spraying a substrate layer (5) on the slope surface (11);

s5, maintenance management: after the spray seeding is finished, the maintenance management operation is carried out, and a plant layer (6) is formed after the plant seeds germinate and grow;

at least one of said anchors (3) is a reinforced anchor; the enhancement type anchoring piece comprises a screw rod (31) which is vertical to the slope surface (11), a screw cap (32) which is sleeved on the upper part of the screw rod (31) and a clamping plate (4); the lower part of the screw rod (31) is fixed in the slope body (1); the clamping plate (4) comprises a base (41) and a through hole (42) formed in the middle of the base (41); the through hole (42) is sleeved in the middle of the screw rod (31); the wire mesh (2) is fixed between the screw cap (32) and the clamping plate (4); the lower end face of the clamping plate (4) is arranged close to the slope surface (11);

at S3, between anchoring wires (2) and S4, the granule is sprinkled, further comprising a step S3.5, water mist spray: spraying water mist on the slope surface (11) by using a water spraying mechanism (7);

in the step of S3, in the step of anchoring the wire netting (2), when the wire netting (2) is anchored by using the anchoring piece (3), firstly, the anchoring piece (3) is inserted into half of the length, and after the step of S3.5, water mist spraying and S4, granule spraying is completed, the anchoring piece (3) is completely locked; meanwhile, when the anchoring piece (3) is inserted into the steel wire mesh, the granules are sprayed, the thickness of the substrate layer (5) is lower than or equal to the height of the steel wire mesh (2), and after the anchoring piece (3) is completely locked, the granules are sprayed again until the substrate layer (5) completely submerges the steel wire mesh (2);

a plurality of clamping bulges (43) are fixed on the outer side of the upper end of the base (41); the length of the clamping bulge (43) is larger than the mesh diameter of the iron wire net (2); the clamping protrusion (43) penetrates out of the iron wire net (2) upwards, and the iron wire net (2) is clamped and fixed with the clamping plate (4).

2. The pellet spray-seeding construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the water spraying mechanism (7) comprises two supporting seats (71) which are respectively fixed at the upper ends of the outer sides of the sloping surfaces (11), guide rails (72) which are fixed at the upper ends of the supporting seats (71), and a bracket (73) which is arranged between the two guide rails (72); both ends of the bracket (73) are fixed with sliding blocks (74); the sliding block (74) is sleeved in the guide rail (72) and can slide back and forth along the guide rail (72); a plurality of spray heads (75) for spraying water mist are uniformly fixed on two sides of the bracket (73); the spray head (75) is communicated with an external water source.

3. The pellet spray-seeding construction method according to claim 1, wherein: a coil spring (34) is also arranged between the screw cap (32) and the iron wire net (2); the coil spring (34) is sleeved outside the screw rod (31); the upper end of the coil spring (34) is tightly attached to the lower end of the screw cap (32), and the lower end of the coil spring (34) is fixed with the wire mesh (2); the coil spring (34) provides a spring force which presses the wire (2) against the clamping plate (4).

4. The pellet spray-seeding construction method according to claim 3, wherein: a base (33) is fixed at the lower end of the screw cap (32); the base (33) is larger in diameter than the nut (32); the upper end of the coil spring (34) is tightly attached to the lower end of the base (33).

5. The pellet spray-seeding construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of S3, anchoring the wire mesh (2), the reinforced anchors are arranged in a quincunx shape; before the reinforced anchoring piece is inserted, a mounting hole (12) for fixing the reinforced anchoring piece is dug on a slope surface (11), and then the mounting hole (12) is cleaned; after the reinforced anchoring piece is inserted into the mounting hole (12), a filling material (13) is used for grouting and fixing.

6. The pellet spray-seeding construction method according to claim 5, wherein: the filling material (13) is cement paste or concrete.