CN111543233A - Construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil in coastal island region - Google Patents

Construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil in coastal island region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111543233A
CN111543233A CN202010354545.8A CN202010354545A CN111543233A CN 111543233 A CN111543233 A CN 111543233A CN 202010354545 A CN202010354545 A CN 202010354545A CN 111543233 A CN111543233 A CN 111543233A
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China
Prior art keywords
soil
nursery stock
pipe
tree
planting
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CN202010354545.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
袁立刚
胡欣
钟祥和
翟锡栋
孙建辉
李博
朱祥
王诗彧
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China Construction First Group Corp Ltd
China Construction Municipal Engineering Corp Ltd
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China Construction First Group Corp Ltd
China Construction Municipal Engineering Corp Ltd
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Priority to CN202010354545.8A priority Critical patent/CN111543233A/en
Publication of CN111543233A publication Critical patent/CN111543233A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B77/00Machines for lifting and treating soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00Forestry
    • A01G23/02Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G29/00Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Abstract

The invention belongs to a construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil in coastal islands, which comprises the following steps: construction lofting, site cleaning, backfill soil construction, salt-resistant layer construction, backfilling planting soil, nursery stock positioning lofting, tree pit and shrub pit excavation, pit bottom surface arrangement, nursery stock ventilation pipe pre-burying, nursery stock planting, pit soil filling, nursery stock supporting and reinforcing and nursery stock maintenance. By the construction method of the salt-resistant layer and the vent pipe, the adverse conditions of high soil salinity and poor air permeability and the like in coastal island areas are effectively solved, the soil can be effectively prevented from being salinized again under the influence of seawater infiltration, and the survival rate of seedlings is ensured. The method can effectively solve the unfavorable conditions of high soil salinity and alkalinity, poor soil permeability and the like in coastal islands, reduce the engineering cost and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings.

Description

Construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil in coastal island region
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil in coastal islands.
Background
In recent years, the number of projects in tourist attractions developed in coastal islands is increasing, the number of varieties of seedlings to be planted is large, the soil in the coastal islands is generally high in salinity and alkalinity due to the influence of seawater soaking and reverse irrigation, the soil in the area is generally saline-alkali mucky soil, the salinity and alkalinity is high, the nutrition is low, the air permeability is poor, and therefore the area is not suitable for seedling planting, the project cost is high, and the seedling planting survival rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil in coastal islands, which can effectively solve the unfavorable conditions of high soil salinity and alkalinity, poor soil permeability and the like in the coastal islands, reduce the engineering cost and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings.
Therefore, the construction method for planting the seedlings in the muddy saline-alkali soil at the coastal island comprises the following steps:
(1) construction lofting: and (4) lofting out the construction area according to the designed area measurement of the seedling planting, wherein the periphery of the designed area of the seedling planting is outwards expanded by 5-8 m to form the construction area, and spraying a white-grey line to mark out the construction area.
(2) Cleaning the field: clear away building rubbish, stone, barrier, saline and alkaline soil layer and weeds in the construction area, remain planting soil, the construction area is clear away and is excavated the design horizon downward 1.9 ~ 2.1 m for the depth.
(3) And (3) backfilling construction: and backfilling the bottom of the construction area with the reserved and transported planting soil, wherein the thickness of the backfilled soil is 0.3-0.4 m.
(4) And (3) salt-resistant layer construction: preparing a salt-resistant layer material, laying the salt-resistant layer material on the upper end face of backfill soil in a construction area and the peripheral slope side wall, wherein the laying thickness of the salt-resistant layer is 0.4-0.5 m, compacting the salt-resistant layer material, and then laying 150g/m of geotextile on the upper end of the salt-resistant layer.
(5) Backfilling planting soil: and backfilling planting soil which is transported outside and meets the planting requirements at the upper end of the tiled geotextile, wherein the backfilled top surface of the planting soil reaches a designed terrain line, and the average thickness of the backfilled planting soil area is 1.1-1.4 m.
(6) Positioning and lofting the nursery stock: and marking the central point of the nursery stock and the range of the pit by measuring and lofting according to the designed nursery stock planting position, and marking by using a white gray line.
(7) Excavating tree pits and shrub pits: digging tree holes and shrub holes in the backfilled planting soil area, wherein the digging size of the tree holes is larger than that of mud balls wrapped by transplanted trees or shrubs.
The side edge of the dug tree pit is widened by 30-60 cm along the side edge of the tree mud ball, and the depth of the dug tree pit is increased by 20-25 cm compared with the height of the tree mud ball.
The side edge of the dug shrub hole is widened by 20-35 cm along the side edge of the shrub mud ball, and the depth of the dug tree hole is increased by 15-20 cm compared with the height of the tree mud ball.
The time for digging tree holes, shrub holes and planting seedlings is shortened as much as possible.
(8) Arranging the bottom surfaces of the pits: and (2) paving a sand layer with the thickness of at least 10cm and the particle size of 0.1-1 cm on the bottom surface of the dug tree pit or shrub pit, and paving a uniformly mixed base material layer consisting of 65-75% of planting soil and 25-35% of plant carbon particles with the particle size of less than 1cm on the upper end of the sand layer, wherein the thickness of the mixed base material layer is 5 cm.
(9) Pre-burying a seedling vent pipe: the hole is internally provided with a seedling vent pipe, the lower end of the seedling vent pipe is positioned on the mixed primer layer at the lower end of the seedling wrapped mud ball, the upper end of the seedling vent pipe is positioned on the designed terrain line, and the seedling vent pipe can meet the requirements of seedling root permeability, irrigation and in-place maintenance.
(10) Planting the nursery stock: the seedling planting adopts manual cooperation mechanical planting, the upper end of a mixed primer layer in the middle of the seedling placing hole is lifted by a crane machine, and a support rod is manually matched to right the seedling body at the edge of the hole.
(11) Filling soil in the holes: filling the space around the hole and the space around the seedling wrapped mud ball with prepared planting soil, wherein the prepared planting soil comprises leaf mold, plant carbon particles, garden soil, sand soil and calcium superphosphate in parts by mass, and the ratio of the leaf mold to the plant carbon particles to the sand soil to the calcium superphosphate is 20:10:80:40: 5.
(12) And (3) supporting and reinforcing the nursery stock: the tree seedlings are supported and fixed by a plurality of supporting rods, and the tree seedlings need to be firmly and reliably supported.
(13) And (3) nursery stock maintenance: watering to keep soil moist, topdressing, pruning and shaping, wiping adventitious buds, preventing wind and pests, removing weeds, draining water and waterlogging.
The salt-resistant layer is made of crushed stones and plant carbon particles. The salt-resistant layer is sequentially a bottom layer, a middle layer and a top layer from bottom to top. The bottom layer is 0.2m thick and is a crushed stone layer with a particle size of 5 cm. The upper end of the gravel layer is provided with an intermediate layer, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.1-0.15 m, and the intermediate layer is a uniform mixture of 55-65% by volume of gravel with the particle size of 1-2 cm and 35-45% by volume of plant carbon particles with the particle size of 1-2 cm. The upper end of the middle layer is a top layer. The thickness of the top layer is 0.1-0.15 m, and the top layer is a uniform mixture of 50-65% of planting soil and 35-50% of plant carbon particles with particle sizes of 0.5-1 cm.
The plant carbon particles are prepared by crushing and carbonizing branches, stems, sawdust, tree roots, straws and shrubs.
The depth of the dug tree pit and the bush pit is positioned at the upper end of the spread geotextile.
The tree seedling is supported firmly with several spinal branch vaulting poles and is wrapped up five layers of tree trunk with the burlap earlier at the middle part of tree seedling pole, burlap width 50mm, with being three steel sheet and plank longitudinal distribution that interval distance cross arrangement and fastening on the burlap periphery wall with the iron wire, three spinal branch vaulting pole's upper end is fixed respectively in the middle part of being three plank that interval distance distributes, three spinal branch vaulting pole's lower extreme corresponds the slant respectively and fixes on the stake on tree cave hole limit.
A nursery stock ventilation pipe is made of a PVC pipe, the inner diameter of the nursery stock ventilation pipe is 40-50 mm, the wall thickness of the pipe is 2-5 mm, the nursery stock ventilation pipe is a through pipe, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the pipe wall from the middle part to the lower end of the nursery stock ventilation pipe at intervals, the nursery stock ventilation pipe is a straight pipe, the lower end of the straight pipe is positioned on the inner bottom surface of a pit, and the upper end of the straight pipe is higher than the upper end surface of the pit; or the seedling ventilating pipe is a special pipe.
The nursery stock permeability cell be the special-shaped pipe for the nursery stock permeability cell be the L venturi tube, be that the interval is equipped with numerous through-holes to being on the lower extreme pipe wall in the middle part of L venturi tube, the lower extreme of L venturi tube is located the nursery stock parcel mud ball lower extreme of cave pit bottom surface, the upper end of L venturi tube is higher than cave pit up end.
The nursery stock permeability cell be the special-shaped pipe for the nursery stock permeability cell be the U-shaped pipe, be the interval distance on the middle part of U-shaped pipe and be equipped with numerous through-holes, the nursery stock parcel mud ball lower extreme of bottom surface in the cave hole is located to the middle part of U-shaped pipe, two last ports of U-shaped pipe are higher than the cave hole up end and are located cave hole both sides limit respectively.
The through hole can be internally provided with a grid.
The above method achieves the object of the present invention.
The method can effectively solve the unfavorable conditions of high soil salinity and alkalinity, poor soil permeability and the like in coastal islands, reduce the engineering cost and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1) the seedling survival rate of the invention is high, and the seedling survival rate of the seedling in the prior art planted in the muddy saline-alkali soil in the coastal island area is about 5 percent. By the construction method of the salt removing layer, the salt blocking layer and the vent pipe, the adverse conditions of high soil salinity and alkalinity, poor air permeability and the like in coastal island areas are effectively solved, the soil can be effectively prevented from being salinized again under the influence of seawater infiltration, and the survival rate of the nursery stock can reach 95-98% under the same area and geological conditions.
(2) The invention reduces the engineering cost, has low implementation cost and short time for equipment arrangement, can greatly improve the construction speed and simultaneously reduce the construction cost, and the measurement and calculation show that the invention can reduce the construction cost by 60 percent and improve the construction speed by more than 2 times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the soil improvement agent of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the planted nursery stock of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the straight tube seedling ventilating pipe.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the U-shaped nursery stock ventilating pipe structure of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the L-shaped nursery stock ventilating pipe of the invention. .
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil at a coastal island region comprises the following steps:
(1) construction lofting: and (4) lofting out the construction area according to the designed area measurement of the seedling planting, wherein the periphery of the designed area of the seedling planting is outwards expanded by 5-8 m to form the construction area, and spraying a white-grey line to mark out the construction area.
(2) Cleaning the field: and removing construction wastes, stones, obstacles, saline-alkali soil layers and weeds in the construction area. And reserving soil available for planting, and removing and excavating the designed horizon downward by 1.9-2.1 m in the construction area.
(3) And (3) backfilling construction: and backfilling the reserved soil for planting and the externally transported planting soil to the bottom of the construction area to form a backfilled soil area 4, wherein the thickness of the backfilled soil is 0.3-0.4 m.
(4) And (3) salt-resistant layer construction: preparing a salt-resistant layer material, and laying the salt-resistant layer material on the upper end surface of the backfill soil of the construction area and the slope side wall at the periphery, so that the upper end and the periphery of the backfill soil of the construction area are isolated from the outside, and the backfilling planting soil area is prevented from re-salting. The thickness of the salt-resistant layer 3 is 0.4-0.5 m.
The salt-resistant layer is made of crushed stones and plant carbon particles. The salt-resistant layer is sequentially a bottom layer, a middle layer and a top layer from bottom to top. The bottom layer is 0.2m thick and is a crushed stone layer with a particle size of 5 cm. The upper end of the gravel layer is provided with an intermediate layer, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.1-0.15 m, and the intermediate layer is a uniform mixture of 55-65% by volume of gravel with the particle size of 1-2 cm and 35-45% by volume of plant carbon particles with the particle size of 1-2 cm. The upper end of the middle layer is a top layer. The thickness of the top layer is 0.1-0.15 m, and the top layer is a uniform mixture of 50-65% of planting soil and 35-50% of plant carbon particles with particle sizes of 0.5-1 cm.
The plant carbon particles are prepared by crushing and carbonizing branches, stems, sawdust, tree roots, straws and shrubs.
The salt resistant layer material is compacted, and then 150g/m geotextile 2 is paved on the upper end of the salt resistant layer.
(5) Backfilling planting soil: and backfilling planting soil which is transported outside and meets the planting requirements at the upper end of the tiled geotextile, wherein the backfilled top surface of the planting soil reaches a designed terrain line 1, and the average thickness of the backfilled planting soil area 5 is 1.1-1.4 m.
(6) Positioning and lofting the nursery stock: and marking the central point of the nursery stock and the range of the pit by measuring and lofting according to the designed nursery stock planting position, and marking by using a white gray line.
(7) Excavating tree pits and shrub pits: digging tree holes and shrub holes in the backfilled planting soil area, wherein the digging size of the tree holes is larger than that of mud balls wrapped by transplanted trees or shrubs. The depth of the dug tree pit and the bush pit is positioned at the upper end of the spread geotextile.
The side edge of the dug tree pit is widened by 30-60 cm along the side edge of the tree mud ball, and the depth of the dug tree pit is increased by 20-25 cm compared with the height of the tree mud ball.
The side edge of the dug shrub hole is widened by 20-35 cm along the side edge of the shrub mud ball, and the depth of the dug tree hole is increased by 15-20 cm compared with the height of the tree mud ball.
The time for digging tree holes, shrub holes and planting seedlings is shortened as much as possible.
(8) Arranging the bottom surfaces of the pits: a sand layer 12 with the thickness of at least 10cm and the particle size of 0.1-1 cm is paved on the bottom surface of the dug tree pit or shrub pit 13, a uniformly mixed base material layer 14 which is composed of 65-75% of planting soil and 25-35% of plant carbon particles with the particle size of less than 1cm is paved on the upper end of the sand layer, and the thickness of the mixed base material layer is 5 cm.
(9) Pre-burying a seedling vent pipe: and a nursery stock vent pipe 6 is arranged in the hole, the lower end of the nursery stock vent pipe is positioned on the mixed primer layer at the lower end of the nursery stock wrapped mud ball 16, and the upper end of the nursery stock vent pipe is positioned on the designed terrain line 1. The seedling ventilating pipe can meet the requirements of ventilation property and irrigation of the seedling root and guarantee in-place maintenance.
As shown in figure 3, the seedling ventilating pipe 6 is made of a PVC pipe, the inner diameter of the seedling ventilating pipe is 40-50 mm, the wall thickness of the pipe is 2-5 mm, and the seedling ventilating pipe can be bent but cannot be bent at a right angle. The seedling ventilating pipe is a through pipe. The pipe wall from the middle part to the lower end of the seedling ventilating pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes 61 at intervals, the diameter of each through hole is 5mm, and the through holes are communicated with the space in the pipe. If the diameter of the through hole is larger than 10mm, a grid 62 can be arranged in the through hole to prevent sundries from entering the pipe from the through hole to influence ventilation. The seedling ventilating pipe is a straight pipe, the lower end of the straight pipe is positioned on the inner bottom surface of the hole, and the upper end of the straight pipe is higher than the upper end surface of the hole; or the seedling ventilating pipe is a special pipe. The practical effect of the straight tube is inferior to that of the L-shaped tube. A straight pipe-shaped seedling ventilating pipe can be respectively arranged on two side edges in the hole.
When in use, air and water (the same applies below) which is injected from the water pipe and contains nutrient solution can enter the seedling ventilating pipe from the upper port of the seedling ventilating pipe and are injected into the inner bottom surface and the middle part of the pit to meet the requirements of ventilation of the seedling root, irrigation and guarantee in-place maintenance.
As shown in fig. 4, the seedling ventilation pipe 6 is a special pipe: the nursery stock permeability cell is the U-shaped pipe, is the interval distance on the middle part of U-shaped pipe and is equipped with many through-holes 61, and the nursery stock parcel mud ball lower extreme of bottom surface in the cave hole is located to the middle part 63 of U-shaped pipe, and two last ports of U-shaped pipe are higher than the cave hole up end, and are located cave hole both sides limit respectively. The practical effect of the U-tube is optimal. A straight pipe-shaped seedling ventilating pipe can be arranged in the hole.
When the air-permeable irrigation hole is used, air and water can enter the seedling ventilating pipe from the two upper ports of the seedling ventilating pipe and are injected into the inner bottom surface and the middle of the hole pit to meet the air permeability and irrigation requirements of the roots and the two sides of the seedlings and ensure that the seedlings are maintained in place.
As shown in fig. 5, the seedling ventilation pipe 6 is a special pipe, i.e., the seedling ventilation pipe is an L-shaped pipe, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the pipe wall from the middle part to the lower end of the L-shaped pipe at intervals, the lower end of the L-shaped pipe is positioned at the lower end of the seedling-wrapped mud ball 16 on the inner bottom surface of the pit, and the upper end of the L-shaped pipe is higher than the upper end surface of the pit. The practical effect of the L-shaped tube is inferior to that of the U-shaped tube. A straight pipe-shaped seedling ventilating pipe can be respectively arranged on two side edges in the hole.
When the air-permeable irrigation device is used, air and water can enter the nursery stock air-permeable pipe from the upper end opening of the nursery stock air-permeable pipe and are injected into the inner bottom surface and the middle part of the pit to meet the requirements of the ventilation property of the nursery stock roots, irrigation and guarantee of in-place maintenance.
(10) Planting the nursery stock: the nursery stock 11 is planted by adopting a manual cooperation machine, the upper end of the mixed primer layer in the middle of the hole pit is lifted by a crane machine, and the nursery stock body is righted at the pit edge by manually cooperating with a support rod.
(11) Filling soil in the holes: filling the space around the hole and the mud ball wrapped by the nursery stock with the prepared planting soil 5, and filling the soil with the pedals. The prepared planting soil comprises leaf mold soil, plant carbon particles, garden soil, sand soil and calcium superphosphate in parts by mass, wherein the parts by mass are 20:10:80:40: 5. The particle size of the plant carbon particles is less than 1 cm.
(12) And (3) supporting and reinforcing the nursery stock: the tree seedlings are supported and fixed by a plurality of support rods 10, and the tree seedlings need to be firmly and reliably supported. The supporting and fixing of the tree seedlings by a plurality of supporting rods is as follows: five layers of the tree stems are firstly wrapped by linen 7 in the middle of the tree seedling stems, the width of the linen is 50mm, three 50 multiplied by 100 multiplied by 45mm steel plates 8 and three 50 multiplied by 100 multiplied by 45mm wood plates 9 which are arranged in a crossed mode at intervals are longitudinally distributed and are fastened on the outer peripheral wall of the linen by iron wires. The upper ends of the three support rods are respectively fixed in the middle of three wood boards which are distributed at intervals, the lower ends of the three support rods are respectively and correspondingly and obliquely fixed on a wood pile 15 at the edge of a tree pit, and the lower ends of the wood piles are fixedly inserted on the ground.
(13) And (3) nursery stock maintenance: the method comprises the steps of watering to keep soil moist, topdressing, pruning and shaping, applying adventitious buds, preventing wind and diseases, removing pests and diseases, removing weeds, draining water, removing waterlogging and the like.
In a word, the method can effectively solve the unfavorable conditions of high soil salinity and alkalinity, poor soil permeability and the like in coastal islands, reduce the engineering cost and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings.

Claims (9)

1. A construction method for planting seedlings in silt saline-alkali soil in coastal island areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) construction lofting: setting out a construction area according to the designed area measurement of seedling planting, wherein the periphery of the designed area of seedling planting is extended outwards by 5-8 m to form the construction area, and a lime line is sprayed to mark the construction area;
(2) cleaning the field: clearing away construction waste, stones, obstacles, saline-alkali soil layers and weeds in a construction area, reserving planting soil, and clearing away excavation depth of the construction area, wherein the excavation depth is 1.9-2.1 m below a design horizon;
(3) and (3) backfilling construction: backfilling the bottom of the construction area with the reserved and transported planting soil, wherein the thickness of the backfilled soil is 0.3-0.4 m;
(4) and (3) salt-resistant layer construction: preparing a salt-resistant layer material, laying the salt-resistant layer material on the upper end face of backfill soil in a construction area and the peripheral slope side wall, wherein the laying thickness of the salt-resistant layer is 0.4-0.5 m, compacting the salt-resistant layer material, and then laying 150g/m of geotextile on the upper end of the salt-resistant layer;
(5) backfilling planting soil: backfilling planting soil which is transported outside and meets the planting requirements at the upper end of the tiled geotextile, wherein the backfilled top surface of the planting soil reaches a designed terrain line, and the average thickness of a backfilled planting soil area is 1.1-1.4 m;
(6) positioning and lofting the nursery stock: marking the central point of the nursery stock and the range of the pit by measuring and lofting according to the designed nursery stock planting position, and marking by using a lime line;
(7) excavating tree pits and shrub pits: digging tree holes and shrub holes in the backfilled planting soil area, wherein the digging size of the tree holes is larger than that of mud balls wrapped by transplanted trees or shrubs;
widening the side edge of the dug tree pit by 30-60 cm along the side edge of the tree mud ball, and increasing the depth of the dug tree pit by 20-25 cm compared with the height of the tree mud ball;
widening the side edge of the dug shrub hole by 20-35 cm along the side edge of the shrub mud ball, and increasing the depth of the dug tree hole by 15-20 cm compared with the height of the tree mud ball;
the time for digging tree holes, shrub holes and planting seedlings is shortened as much as possible;
(8) arranging the bottom surfaces of the pits: paving a sand layer with the thickness of at least 10cm and the particle size of 0.1-1 cm on the bottom surface of the dug tree pit or shrub pit, and paving a uniformly mixed base material layer consisting of 65-75% of planting soil and 25-35% of plant carbon particles with the particle size of less than 1cm on the upper end of the sand layer, wherein the thickness of the mixed base material layer is 5 cm;
(9) pre-burying a seedling vent pipe: the hole is internally provided with a seedling ventilating pipe, the lower end of the seedling ventilating pipe is positioned on the mixed primer layer at the lower end of the seedling wrapped mud ball, the upper end of the seedling ventilating pipe is positioned on a designed terrain line, and the seedling ventilating pipe can meet the requirements of seedling root ventilation, irrigation and in-place maintenance;
(10) planting the nursery stock: planting the nursery stock by adopting a manual cooperation machine, mechanically hoisting the upper end of the mixed primer layer in the middle of the nursery stock placing pit by using a crane, and righting the nursery stock body along the pit edge by manually cooperating with a support rod;
(11) filling soil in the holes: filling the space around the hole and the space around the seedling wrapped mud ball with prepared planting soil, wherein the prepared planting soil is leaf rotting soil, plant carbon particles, garden soil, sand soil and calcium superphosphate in parts by mass, and the ratio of the leaf rotting soil to the plant carbon particles to the sand soil to the calcium superphosphate is 20:10:80:40: 5;
(12) and (3) supporting and reinforcing the nursery stock: the tree seedlings are supported and fixed by a plurality of supporting rods, and the tree seedlings need to be firmly and reliably supported;
(13) and (3) nursery stock maintenance: watering to keep soil moist, topdressing, pruning and shaping, wiping adventitious buds, preventing wind and pests, removing weeds, draining water and waterlogging.
2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the salt-resistant layer is made of crushed stone and plant carbon particles;
the salt-resistant layer is sequentially a bottom layer, a middle layer and a top layer from bottom to top, the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.2m, the bottom layer is a gravel layer with the particle size of 5cm, the upper end of the gravel layer is the middle layer, the thickness of the middle layer is 0.1-0.15 m, the middle layer is a uniform mixture of 55-65% of gravel with the particle size of 1-2 cm and 35-45% of plant carbon particles with the particle size of 1-2 cm, the upper end of the middle layer is the top layer, the thickness of the top layer is 0.1-0.15 m, and the top layer is a uniform mixture of 50-65% of planting soil with the volume and 35-50% of plant carbon particles with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm.
3. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the plant carbon particles are prepared by crushing and carbonizing branches, stems, sawdust, tree roots, straws and shrubs.
4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the dug tree pit and the bush pit is positioned at the upper end of the spread geotextile.
5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tree seedling is supported firmly with several spinal branch vaulting poles and is wrapped up five layers of tree trunk with the burlap earlier at the middle part of tree seedling pole, burlap width 50mm, with being three steel sheet and plank longitudinal distribution that interval distance cross arrangement and fastening on the burlap periphery wall with the iron wire, three spinal branch vaulting pole's upper end is fixed respectively in the middle part of being three plank that interval distance distributes, three spinal branch vaulting pole's lower extreme corresponds the slant respectively and fixes on the stake on tree cave hole limit.
6. A nursery stock permeability cell which is characterized in that: the nursery stock ventilation pipe is made of a PVC pipe, the inner diameter of the nursery stock ventilation pipe is 40-50 mm, the wall thickness of the pipe is 2-5 mm, the nursery stock ventilation pipe is a through pipe, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the pipe wall from the middle part to the lower end of the nursery stock ventilation pipe at intervals, the nursery stock ventilation pipe is a straight pipe, the lower end of the straight pipe is positioned on the inner bottom surface of the pit, and the upper end of the straight pipe is higher than the upper end surface of the pit; or the seedling ventilating pipe is a special pipe.
7. The nursery stock ventilation pipe of claim 6, wherein: the nursery stock permeability cell be the special-shaped pipe for the nursery stock permeability cell be the L venturi tube, be that the interval is equipped with numerous through-holes to being on the lower extreme pipe wall in the middle part of L venturi tube, the lower extreme of L venturi tube is located the nursery stock parcel mud ball lower extreme of cave pit bottom surface, the upper end of L venturi tube is higher than cave pit up end.
8. The nursery stock ventilation pipe of claim 6, wherein: the nursery stock permeability cell be the special-shaped pipe for the nursery stock permeability cell be the U-shaped pipe, be the interval distance on the middle part of U-shaped pipe and be equipped with numerous through-holes, the nursery stock parcel mud ball lower extreme of bottom surface in the cave hole is located to the middle part of U-shaped pipe, two last ports of U-shaped pipe are higher than the cave hole up end and are located cave hole both sides limit respectively.
9. The seedling gas permeable tube of claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein: the through hole can be internally provided with a grid.
CN202010354545.8A 2020-04-29 2020-04-29 Construction method for planting seedlings in muddy saline-alkali soil in coastal island region Pending CN111543233A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112931003A (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-11 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 Seedling transplanting vent pipe burying structure and construction method
CN113892386A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-07 广州城建职业学院 Tree planting method in 'reverse pot bottom' form and breathable aqueduct for tree planting
CN115280930A (en) * 2022-09-01 2022-11-04 山西农业大学 Planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil
CN115299208A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-08 新疆维泰开发建设(集团)股份有限公司 Construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in saline-alkali soil

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112931003A (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-11 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 Seedling transplanting vent pipe burying structure and construction method
CN113892386A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-07 广州城建职业学院 Tree planting method in 'reverse pot bottom' form and breathable aqueduct for tree planting
CN115299208A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-08 新疆维泰开发建设(集团)股份有限公司 Construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in saline-alkali soil
CN115280930A (en) * 2022-09-01 2022-11-04 山西农业大学 Planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil

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