CN115280930A - Planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
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Abstract
The application provides a planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil, and relates to the technical field of soil improvement. A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, and standing; after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit; laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, embedding a vent pipe, backfilling saline-alkali soil, applying a soil water-retaining agent, ploughing and uniformly mixing; applying base fertilizer on the surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, ploughing and uniformly mixing, broadcasting forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer in a fertilizing stage; cutting and harvesting next year, rotary tillage, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and burying soil in the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants. The planting method can enhance the water retention of the saline-alkali soil, has a fertilizing effect on the saline-alkali soil, and finally achieves the effect of improving and utilizing the mild and moderate saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali soil means that salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and the essence formed by the saline-alkali soil is mainly that various easily soluble salts are redistributed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the ground, so that the salt is gradually accumulated on the soil surface layer of a salt collecting area. The saline-alkali soil can be divided into mild saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and severe saline-alkali soil, wherein the pH value of the mild saline-alkali soil is 7.1-8.5, the pH value of the moderate saline-alkali soil is 8.5-9.5, and the pH value of the severe saline-alkali soil is more than 9.5. Saline and alkaline can cause two kinds of damage to plants: firstly, the plant poisoning effect is that when the plant absorbs more sodium ions or chloride ions, the structure and the function of a cell membrane can be changed, and finally the plant death can be caused; secondly, the osmotic pressure of the soil is improved, resistance is caused to the absorption action of plant roots, the water absorption of the plants is difficult, and the plants are dehydrated and wilted, so that the plants die finally. China has a large area of light and medium salinized land which is mainly distributed in North China plain, northeast plain, northwest inland area and coastal area. Therefore, the method can effectively relieve the contradiction between population increase and land, maintain agricultural sustainable development and improve ecological environment by improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil, which can enhance the water retention of the saline-alkali soil, reduce the salt content and have a better improvement effect.
The technical problem to be solved by the application is solved by adopting the following technical scheme.
A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, and standing;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, embedding a vent pipe, backfilling saline-alkali soil, applying a soil water-retaining agent, ploughing and uniformly mixing;
applying base fertilizer on the surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, ploughing and uniformly mixing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer at the fertilizing stage;
cutting and harvesting next year, rotary tillage, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and burying soil in the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the method, firstly, saline-alkali soil is irrigated, soil salinity can be dissolved, soluble saline-alkali in a surface soil layer is drained into deep soil or washed out through infiltration, the basic reason for formation of light and medium saline-alkali soil is that the water condition is poor, so that the saline-alkali soil can be improved to keep water as a main part, and after polyacrylamide is added into irrigation water, the structure and the state of the polyacrylamide can be changed after encountering water, a multi-branch fibrous structure is formed to tightly surround the surface structure of the soil, so that the damage of the outside to the soil and the loss of water are reduced, the water retention of the soil is obviously improved, and the soil salinity is fully dissolved; lay the filter layer, can effectively prevent or alleviate the salinity entering in the groundwater salt and plant and influence plant roots and grow in the hole, the water storage layer can store unnecessary moisture, provides moisture for plant roots's growth, buries the permeability cell underground again, and inside the air admission soil of being convenient for, the gas permeability of improvement soil is favorable to the root system growth of plant.
At first plant the forage grass, because the forage grass growth rate is fast, can grow rapidly and cover the saline and alkaline ground surface by a large scale, reduce the water transpiration, reach the effect of dissolved salinity, can also provide the forage grass simultaneously, the saline and alkaline land has effectively been improved and utilized, plant salt-tolerant nursery stock again, can effectively fertilize soil, and soil is turned into when flowering phase, can form soil humus layer, humus can form sodium humus with the sodium carbonate effect, reduce soil basicity, sodium humus can also stimulate crop growth, strengthen the salt-resistant ability, and humus still can promote the granular structure to form, thereby make soil porosity increase, the water permeability strengthens, be favorable to the salt drip washing, inhibit the salt return. The humic layer can continuously provide nutrition for soil under the action of microbial activity decomposition, so that the accumulation of soil organic matters is increased, a large amount of organic acid is generated in the decomposition process of the organic matters, on one hand, the soil alkalinity can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the slow-acting nutrient conversion is promoted, the yield is low due to too early turning over and pressing of crops, the crops are too young and tender, the fertilizer efficiency is short, the turning over and pressing is too late, the crops are aged, the nutrients are excessively transferred into seeds, the nutrient content of stem leaves is low, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of stem leaves is high, the decomposition is not easy to occur in the soil, and the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, so that the water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and fertilizer-supplying capacities of the soil can be better improved when the flowering period is carried out, finally, the leguminous plants are planted, root of the leguminous plants contain rhizobia which can fix nitrogen, have the function of fertilizer culture on the soil of the leguminous saline-alkali land, and the effect of improving and utilizing the light and medium saline-alkali land is finally achieved.
The soil water-retaining agent is prepared from acrylic acid, acrylamide, starch, phosphate, a phenolic aldehyde cross-linking agent, zeolite powder, diatomite, straw powder and sodium alginate, wherein the acrylic acid, the acrylamide and the starch can be used for preparing starch grafted acrylic water-absorbent resin, and then the phenolic aldehyde cross-linking agent and a main active group amide (-CONH 2) of the water-absorbent resin are subjected to condensation reaction, so that a linear copolymer forms a three-dimensional network structure, a benzene ring can be embedded during the cross-linking reaction, the water retention property and the insolubility of the water-absorbent resin are improved, covalent bond cross-linking reaction can be performed between the phosphate and the acrylamide, hydrogen bond connection is formed between the water-absorbent resin and water molecules, the stability and the water retention effect of the water-absorbent resin are further improved, and after the zeolite powder, the diatomite, the straw powder and the sodium alginate are added for compounding, the water-retaining agent has a large amount of water molecules can be adsorbed due to the rich pore structure in the zeolite, the diatomite has strong adsorption capacity, the straw can enhance the fertility of the soil, and the sodium alginate has strong water-retaining property, and the water loss of the soil can be obviously inhibited after the water-retaining agent is applied.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
The embodiment of the application provides a planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, and standing;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, embedding a vent pipe, backfilling saline-alkali soil, applying a soil water-retaining agent, ploughing and uniformly mixing;
applying base fertilizer on the surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, ploughing and uniformly mixing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer at the fertilizing stage;
cutting and harvesting next year, rotary tillage, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and burying soil in the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
In the embodiment, the root cause of the formation of the light and medium saline-alkali soil is poor in water condition, so that the saline-alkali soil can keep water as a main part, the saline-alkali soil is irrigated to dissolve soil salinity, soluble saline-alkali in a surface soil layer is discharged into deep soil or leached out through infiltration, and after polyacrylamide is added into irrigation water, the structure and the state of the polyacrylamide are changed after encountering water, a multi-branch fibrous structure is formed to tightly surround a soil surface layer structure, so that the damage of the outside to the soil and the water loss are reduced, the water retention of the soil is obviously improved, and the soil salinity is fully dissolved; lay the filter layer, can effectively prevent or alleviate the salinity in the secret salt solution and get into and plant and influence plant roots growth in the hole, the water-storage layer can store unnecessary moisture, provides moisture for plant roots's growth, buries the permeability cell underground again, and inside the air admission soil of being convenient for, the gas permeability of improvement soil is favorable to the root system growth of plant.
At first plant the forage grass, because the forage grass growth rate is fast, can grow rapidly and cover the saline and alkaline ground surface by a large scale, reduce the water transpiration, reach the effect of dissolved salinity, can also provide the forage grass simultaneously, the saline and alkaline land has effectively been improved and utilized, plant salt-tolerant nursery stock again, can effectively fertilize soil, and soil is turned into when flowering phase, can form soil humus layer, humus can form sodium humus with the sodium carbonate effect, reduce soil basicity, sodium humus can also stimulate crop growth, strengthen the salt-resistant ability, and humus still can promote the granular structure to form, thereby make soil porosity increase, the water permeability strengthens, be favorable to the salt drip washing, inhibit the salt return. The humic layer can continuously provide nutrition for soil under the action of the activity of microorganisms, so that the accumulation of soil organic matters is increased, a large amount of organic acid is generated by the organic matters in the decomposition process, on one hand, the alkalinity of the soil can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the conversion of slow-acting nutrients is promoted, the yield is low due to too early pressure turning of crops, the crops are too young and tender, the fertilizer efficiency is short, the pressure turning is too late, the crops age, the nutrients are too much transferred into seeds, the nutrient content of stem leaves is low, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of stem leaves is high, the decomposition is not easy in the soil, and the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, so that the crops are turned into the soil during the flowering period, the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capacity of the soil can be better improved, finally, plants are planted, rhizobia is contained at the roots of the leguminous plants, the nitrogen can be fixed, the leguminous plant soil has the function of fertilizing, and the effect of improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkaline land is finally achieved.
In some embodiments of the present application, the depth of the deep plowing is 40-50cm. The distribution condition of the salinity in the soil is that the surface layer is large, the lower layer is small, after deep ploughing, the salinity in the surface soil can be turned over to the lower side of the plough layer, the soil with the lower layer containing less salinity is ploughed to the surface, the plough layer can be loosened through deep ploughing, soil capillaries are cut off, soil moisture evaporation is weakened, and soil salt return is effectively controlled.
In some embodiments of the present application, the standing time is 10-20 days, during which watering is performed every 2-3 days. During standing, the water is sprayed for maintenance, so that the evaporation of soil water can be weakened, and salt return can be prevented.
In some embodiments of the present application, the filtration layer is activated clay. The activated clay has a good filtering effect, and can block the salt in the surface water on the outer surface of the filtering layer.
In some embodiments of the present application, the aquifer is crushed stone blocks 8-12cm thick. The broken stone blocks can increase the ventilation space in the soil, improve the ventilation property of the roots of the plants, increase the water retention property of the soil and have the functions of water storage and soil moisture preservation.
In some embodiments of the present application, the air permeable tube is embedded in the following manner: the vent pipe is vertically embedded in the wall of the planting pit, one end of the vent pipe is embedded in the gravel block, and the other end of the vent pipe is exposed out of the ground and is contacted with the air.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ventilation tube is a PVC tube with irregular pores distributed on the wall. The ventilative pipe can build ventilative space in soil, satisfies the requirement of plant roots growth to oxygen, and because the entering of air, makes soil temperature rise, is favorable to the growth of plant, and even when rainfall or irrigation volume are more, unnecessary moisture also can permeate the ventilative pipe, is convenient for in time discharge, avoids the mashed root of ponding.
In some embodiments of the present application, the soil water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of acrylic acid, 15-30 parts of acrylamide, 20-40 parts of starch, 10-20 parts of phosphate, 5-10 parts of phenolic aldehyde cross-linking agent, 30-50 parts of zeolite powder, 20-40 parts of diatomite, 30-50 parts of straw powder and 5-10 parts of sodium alginate. Acrylic acid, acrylamide and starch can be prepared to obtain starch grafted acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, a phenolic cross-linking agent and main active group amide groups (-CONH 2) of the water-absorbent resin are subjected to condensation reaction, so that a linear copolymer forms a three-dimensional network structure, benzene rings can be embedded during the cross-linking reaction, the water retention property and insolubility of the water-absorbent resin are improved, covalent bond cross-linking reaction can be performed between phosphate and acrylamide, hydrogen bond connection is formed between the water-absorbent resin and water molecules, the stability and the water retention effect of the water-absorbent resin are further improved, and after zeolite powder, diatomite, straw powder and sodium alginate are added for compounding, a large number of water molecules can be adsorbed due to the rich pore structure in zeolite, the diatomite has strong adsorption capacity, the straw can enhance the fertility of soil, the sodium alginate has strong water absorption performance, and the loss of soil water can be obviously inhibited and the regulation and control performance of water and fertilizer can be improved after the soil water-absorbent resin is applied.
In some embodiments of the present application, the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is a subacid fertilizer, is suitable for being applied to saline-alkali soil, can inhibit the adverse effect of salts on crops, promotes the growth of the crops and improves the salt tolerance of the crops.
In some embodiments of the application, when the forage grass is mowed, the forage grass is mowed when the height of the forage grass is 35-40cm, and then the forage grass is mowed once every 20-30 days, wherein the length of each stubble is 10-12cm. Through the mowing utilization, on one hand, the pasture can be recycled, on the other hand, the pasture can be promoted to continue to grow, the mowing height and the interval time of the pasture can be controlled, the situation that the coarse fiber content of the pasture is influenced due to late mowing time or overlong interval time can be avoided, the quality of the pasture is further influenced, the stubble remaining height is controlled, and the subsequent regrowth of the pasture can be facilitated.
The features and properties of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 45cm, standing for 15 days, and sprinkling water every 2 days;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, wherein the filter layer is activated clay, the water storage layer is broken stone blocks with the thickness of 10cm, the vent pipe is vertically embedded into the wall of the planting pit, one end of the vent pipe is embedded into the broken stone blocks, the other end of the vent pipe is exposed out of the ground and contacts with the air, the vent pipe is a PVC pipe with irregular small holes distributed on the pipe wall, the saline-alkali soil is backfilled, a soil water-retaining agent is applied, and the water storage layer is ploughed and uniformly mixed;
the soil water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials: 90g of acrylic acid, 22g of acrylamide, 30g of starch, 15g of phosphate, 7g of phenolic cross-linking agent, 40g of zeolite powder, 30g of diatomite, 40g of straw powder and 7g of sodium alginate;
applying base fertilizer on the soil surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, wherein the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, uniformly ploughing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer in a fertilizing stage;
cutting the pasture when the height of the pasture is 37cm next year, cutting the pasture once every 25 days, leaving stubbles of 11cm each time, carrying out rotary tillage and soil penetration, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and soil penetration during the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
Example 2
A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 40cm, standing for 10 days, and sprinkling water once every 2 days;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, wherein the filter layer is activated clay, the water storage layer is broken stone blocks with the thickness of 8cm, the vent pipe is vertically embedded into the wall of the planting pit, one end of the vent pipe is embedded into the broken stone blocks, the other end of the vent pipe is exposed out of the ground and contacts with the air, the vent pipe is a PVC pipe with irregular small holes distributed on the pipe wall, the saline-alkali soil is backfilled, a soil water-retaining agent is applied, and the water storage layer is ploughed and uniformly mixed;
the soil water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials: 80g of acrylic acid, 15g of acrylamide, 20g of starch, 10g of phosphate, 5g of phenolic aldehyde crosslinking agent, 30g of zeolite powder, 20g of diatomite, 30g of straw powder and 5g of sodium alginate;
applying base fertilizer on the soil surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, wherein the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, uniformly ploughing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer in a fertilizing stage;
cutting the pasture when the height of the pasture is 35cm next year, cutting the pasture once every 20 days, remaining 10cm of stubbles each time, carrying out rotary tillage and soil penetration, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and soil penetration during the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
Example 3
A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 50cm, standing for 20 days, and sprinkling water every 3 days;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, wherein the filter layer is activated clay, the water storage layer is broken stone blocks with the thickness of 12cm, the air permeable pipes are vertically embedded into the walls of the planting pits, one ends of the air permeable pipes are embedded into the broken stone blocks, the other ends of the air permeable pipes are exposed out of the ground and are contacted with the air, the air permeable pipes are PVC pipes with irregular small holes distributed on the pipe walls, saline-alkali soil is backfilled, a soil water-retaining agent is applied, and the water storage layer is ploughed and uniformly mixed;
the soil water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials: 100g of acrylic acid, 30g of acrylamide, 40g of starch, 20g of phosphate, 10g of phenolic aldehyde cross-linking agent, 50g of zeolite powder, 40g of diatomite, 50g of straw powder and 10g of sodium alginate;
applying base fertilizer on the soil surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, wherein the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, uniformly ploughing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer in a fertilizing stage;
and (3) cutting the pasture when the height of the pasture is 40cm next year, cutting the pasture once every 30 days, reserving 12cm of stubbles each time, carrying out rotary tillage and soil penetration, planting the salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and soil penetration during the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
Example 4
A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 42cm, standing for 17 days, and sprinkling water every 2 days;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, wherein the filter layer is activated clay, the water storage layer is broken stone blocks with the thickness of 9cm, the vent pipe is vertically embedded into the wall of the planting pit, one end of the vent pipe is embedded into the broken stone blocks, the other end of the vent pipe is exposed out of the ground and contacts with the air, the vent pipe is a PVC pipe with irregular small holes distributed on the pipe wall, the saline-alkali soil is backfilled, a soil water-retaining agent is applied, and the water storage layer is ploughed and uniformly mixed;
the soil water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials: 85g of acrylic acid, 18g of acrylamide, 35g of starch, 18g of phosphate, 7g of phenolic aldehyde cross-linking agent, 42g of zeolite powder, 33g of diatomite, 48g of straw powder and 9g of sodium alginate;
applying base fertilizer on the soil surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, wherein the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, uniformly ploughing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer in a fertilizing stage;
cutting the pasture when the height of the pasture is 38cm next year, cutting the pasture once every 28 days, remaining stubbles for 11cm each time, carrying out rotary tillage and soil penetration, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and soil penetration during the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
Example 5
A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 47cm, standing for 13 days, and sprinkling water once every 3 days;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, wherein the filter layer is activated clay, the water storage layer is broken stone blocks with the thickness of 11cm, the vent pipe is vertically embedded into the wall of the planting pit, one end of the vent pipe is embedded into the broken stone blocks, the other end of the vent pipe is exposed out of the ground and contacts with the air, the vent pipe is a PVC pipe with irregular small holes distributed on the pipe wall, the saline-alkali soil is backfilled, a soil water-retaining agent is applied, and the water storage layer is ploughed and uniformly mixed;
the soil water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials: 98g of acrylic acid, 16g of acrylamide, 28g of starch, 12g of phosphate, 8g of phenolic aldehyde crosslinking agent, 37g of zeolite powder, 32g of diatomite, 46g of straw powder and 7g of sodium alginate;
applying base fertilizer on the soil surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, wherein the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, uniformly ploughing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer in a fertilizing stage;
cutting the pasture when the height of the pasture is 36cm next year, cutting the pasture once every 22d, remaining 10cm of stubbles each time, carrying out rotary tillage and soil penetration, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and soil penetration during the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
Comparative example 1
Compared to example 1, no polyacrylamide was added to the irrigation water.
Comparative example 2
In contrast to example 1, no soil water retention agent was applied.
Examples of the experiments
Selecting light and medium saline-alkali soil of the irrigation area of Yinchuan in Ningxia as a test point, and adopting a mode of cell contrast test, wherein the area of a cell is 24m 2 (6 m multiplied by 4 m), random block arrangement and 5 treatments in experimental design, wherein the saline-alkali soil is improved and utilized according to the methods of the examples and the comparative examples, a soil sample with the depth of 0-20cm is taken for soil physicochemical index analysis in each treatment, and the pH value and the content of soluble salt before and after the saline-alkali soil is improved are respectively measured. The measurement results are shown in table 1.
Wherein, the pH value is measured by adopting a potential method; and the total amount of soluble salt is determined by adopting a residue drying-mass method.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, after the planting method of the embodiment of the application is used for improving, the pH value and the soluble salt of the saline-alkali soil are obviously reduced, the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the planting method is reduced to some extent due to no addition of polyacrylamide in comparative example 1, so that the improvement effect on the soil is affected, and the moisture in the soil is reduced due to no addition of a soil water retention agent in comparative example 2, so that the inhibition effect on the salt content in the soil is reduced, and the improvement effect is reduced compared with that of the embodiment.
In summary, the application provides a planting method for improving and utilizing light and medium saline-alkali soil, firstly, saline in the saline-alkali soil is irrigated, soil salinity can be dissolved, soluble saline-alkali in a surface soil layer is discharged into deep soil or washed out through infiltration, the basic reason for the formation of the light and medium saline-alkali soil is poor in moisture condition, so that the saline-alkali soil can be improved to keep moisture as a main part, and after polyacrylamide is added into irrigation water, the polyacrylamide can change the structure and state after encountering water, and form a multi-branch fibrous structure to tightly surround the surface structure of the soil, so that the damage to the soil and the loss of the moisture from the outside are reduced, the water retention of the soil is obviously improved, and the soil salinity is fully dissolved; lay the filter layer, can effectively prevent or alleviate the salinity in the secret salt solution and get into and plant and influence plant roots growth in the hole, the water-storage layer can store unnecessary moisture, provides moisture for plant roots's growth, buries the permeability cell underground again, and inside the air admission soil of being convenient for, the gas permeability of improvement soil is favorable to the root system growth of plant.
At first plant forage grass, because forage grass growth rate is fast, can grow rapidly and cover the saline and alkaline ground surface by a large scale, reduce moisture transpiration, reach the effect of dissolved salinity, can also provide forage grass simultaneously, the saline and alkaline land has effectively been improved and utilized, plant salt-tolerant nursery stock again, can effectively fertilize soil, and soil turns into when flowering phase, can form soil humus layer, humus can form sodium humus with the sodium carbonate effect, reduce soil basicity, sodium humus can also stimulate crop growth, strengthen the salt-resistant ability, and humus still can promote the granular structure to form, thereby make soil porosity increase, the water permeability strengthens, be favorable to the salt drip washing, inhibit the back salt. The humic layer can continuously provide nutrition for soil under the action of microbial activity decomposition, so that the accumulation of soil organic matters is increased, a large amount of organic acid is generated in the decomposition process of the organic matters, on one hand, the soil alkalinity can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the slow-acting nutrient conversion is promoted, the yield is low due to too early turning over and pressing of crops, the crops are too young and tender, the fertilizer efficiency is short, the turning over and pressing is too late, the crops are aged, the nutrients are excessively transferred into seeds, the nutrient content of stem leaves is low, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of stem leaves is high, the decomposition is not easy to occur in the soil, and the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, so that the water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and fertilizer-supplying capacities of the soil can be better improved when the flowering period is carried out, finally, the leguminous plants are planted, root of the leguminous plants contain rhizobia which can fix nitrogen, have the function of fertilizer culture on the soil of the leguminous saline-alkali land, and the effect of improving and utilizing the light and medium saline-alkali land is finally achieved.
The soil water-retaining agent is prepared from acrylic acid, acrylamide, starch, phosphate, a phenolic cross-linking agent, zeolite powder, diatomite, straw powder and sodium alginate, wherein the acrylic acid, the acrylamide and the starch can be used for preparing starch grafted acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, and then the phenolic cross-linking agent and main active group amide (-CONH 2) of the water-absorbent resin are subjected to condensation reaction to form a linear copolymer into a three-dimensional network structure, benzene rings can be embedded during the cross-linking reaction, so that the water retention property and the insolubility of the water-absorbent resin are improved, covalent bond cross-linking reaction can be performed between the phosphate and the acrylamide, so that hydrogen bond connection is formed between the water-absorbent resin and water molecules, the stability and the water retention effect of the water-absorbent resin are further improved, and after the zeolite powder, the diatomite, the straw powder and the sodium alginate are compounded, a large amount of water molecules can be adsorbed due to the rich pore structures in the zeolite, the diatomite has strong adsorption capacity, the straw can enhance the fertility of the soil, and the sodium alginate has strong water absorption performance, and the water loss of the soil can be obviously inhibited after the water-retaining agent is applied.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method for improving and utilizing mild and moderate saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding polyacrylamide into irrigation water, irrigating the saline-alkali soil to be improved, then carrying out deep ploughing, and standing;
after standing, digging a planting pit, and paving a filter layer in the planting pit;
laying a water storage layer on the filter layer, embedding a vent pipe, backfilling saline-alkali soil, applying a soil water-retaining agent, ploughing and uniformly mixing;
applying base fertilizer on the surface of the backfilled saline-alkali soil, ploughing and uniformly mixing, sowing forage grass seeds every other day, and irrigating seaweed fertilizer at the fertilizing stage;
cutting and harvesting next year, rotary tillage, planting salt-tolerant seedlings, ploughing and burying soil in the flowering period, and planting leguminous plants.
2. The method for improving and utilizing light and medium saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of said deep ploughing is 40-50cm.
3. The method for improving and utilizing the light and medium saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the standing time is 10 to 20 days, and sprinkling is performed every 2 to 3 days during the standing time.
4. The method for improving and utilizing light and medium saline-alkali soil for planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtering layer is activated clay.
5. The method for improving and utilizing light and medium saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aquifer is 8-12cm thick broken stone.
6. The method for improving and utilizing the light and medium saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 5, wherein the air permeability tube is embedded in a mode that: the vent pipe is vertically embedded in the wall of the planting pit, one end of the vent pipe is embedded in the gravel block, and the other end of the vent pipe is exposed out of the ground and is contacted with the air.
7. The method for improving and utilizing light and medium saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air permeable pipe is a PVC pipe with irregular small holes distributed on the pipe wall.
8. The method for improving and utilizing slight and moderate saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil water retention agent comprises the following raw materials by weight: 80-100 parts of acrylic acid, 15-30 parts of acrylamide, 20-40 parts of starch, 10-20 parts of phosphate, 5-10 parts of phenolic cross-linking agent, 30-50 parts of zeolite powder, 20-40 parts of diatomite, 30-50 parts of straw powder and 5-10 parts of sodium alginate.
9. The method for improving and utilizing light and medium saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.
10. The method for improving and utilizing the moderate and light saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pasture is mowed when the height of the pasture is 35-40cm, and then the pasture is mowed every 20-30 days, and the length of the stubble is 10-12cm each time.
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| CN115968728A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-18 | 潍坊科技学院 | Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil |
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