CN112219486B

CN112219486B - Alkaline planting soil improvement process

Info

Publication number: CN112219486B
Application number: CN202011119137.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 江鸿超; 王永生; 焦文浩; 张亚伟; 柯绍宏
Original assignee: Anhui Tianrun Construction Engineering Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Tianrun Construction Engineering Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-19
Filing date: 2020-10-19
Publication date: 2022-07-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-19
Also published as: CN112219486A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an alkaline planting soil improvement process, which comprises the following steps: s3, excavating a foundation pit of 35-45cm on the soil after the soil conditioner is thrown, and placing the excavated soil on one side for later use; s4, excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, and paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch; s5, turning and mixing the soil fertilizer and half of the spare soil dug out in the step S3 uniformly, and paving the mixture in a foundation pit with the paving thickness of 5-8 cm; s6, paving a waterproof film on the soil fertilizer on the lower side of the foundation pit according to the size of the foundation pit; s7, paving and filling cobblestones with the thickness of 4-6cm, soil conditioners with the thickness of 5-8cm and the mixture of the other half of the spare soil on the waterproof membrane in sequence; and S8, planting plants suitable for growing in saline-alkali soil on the soil surface, and harvesting and removing the plants regularly. The alkaline planting soil improvement process provided by the invention has the advantage of good soil improvement effect.

Description

Alkaline planting soil improvement process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an alkaline planting soil improvement process.

Background

The saline-alkali soil is a salt accumulation land where salt contained in soil influences normal growth of crops, the area of the saline-alkali soil in China is as large as 9913 ten thousand hectares according to incomplete statistics of textbook organization and grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the formation of the saline-alkali soil in China is related to accumulation of carbonate in the soil, the plants are difficult to grow in heavy salt alkali places, and the salinization of the soil causes serious damage to ecological environment and national economy.

The traditional Chinese patent with the publication number of CN102172116A discloses a comprehensive transformation method for saline-alkali soil, wherein 50-80 kg of potassium sulfate with the purity of 95 wt%, 30kg of zinc sulfate with the purity of 98 wt%, 30kg of aluminum sulfate with the purity of 95 wt%, 20kg of manganese sulfate with the purity of 95 wt%, 20kg of calcium chelating agent, 40kg of calcium borate with the purity of 95 wt%, 100kg of biological bacteria preparation, 2000kg of crop straw with the length of 3-10 cm and 300-500 kg of humic acid with the content of 39 wt% form a saline-alkali soil modifier; continuously stabilizing the temperature to be above 15 ℃, preparing soil, trimming ridges and constructing channels, uniformly spreading the saline-alkali soil conditioner on the ground surface, and turning the ground to uniformly distribute the saline-alkali soil conditioner in a 0-20cm deep soil layer on the ground surface; irrigating water into the ground, wherein the water depth is 5cm, and the water is continuously maintained for about 10 days; seedling and transplanting the saline-alkali resistant rice variety into the transformed saline-alkali soil, and applying the saline-alkali resistant rice variety in a small amount for multiple times on the premise of keeping the total fertilizer amount unchanged; the field water is mainly shallow dry.

The prior art solutions described above exist: the improvement effect of the modifier is poor, thereby causing the defect of poor improvement effect of the alkaline soil.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an alkaline planting soil improvement process which has the advantage of good soil improvement effect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme.

An alkaline planting soil improvement process comprises the following steps:

s1, soil pretreatment: spraying water on the surface of the soil to be treated, and ploughing the soil once;

s2, soil reprocessing: uniformly throwing the soil conditioner on the soil surface in the S1, and ventilating for 2-3 days after throwing;

s3, excavating a foundation pit: excavating a foundation pit of 35-45cm on the soil after the soil conditioner is thrown, and placing the excavated soil on one side for later use;

s4, excavating a water seepage ditch: excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, and paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch;

s5, paving a soil fertilizer: uniformly stirring and mixing the soil fertilizer and half of the spare soil dug out in the S3, and paving the mixture in a foundation pit with the paving thickness of 5-8 cm;

s6, laying a waterproof film: paving a waterproof film on the soil fertilizer on the lower side of the foundation pit according to the size of the foundation pit;

s7, backfilling the foundation pit: paving and filling cobblestones with the thickness of 4-6cm, a mixture of a soil conditioner with the thickness of 5-8cm and the other half of spare soil on the waterproof membrane in sequence;

s8, planting surface plants: plants suitable for growing in saline soil are planted on the soil surface, and the plants are harvested and removed at regular time.

By adopting the technical scheme, firstly, the water is sprayed on the surface of the soil to keep the soil in a wet state, so that the subsequent soil turning treatment can be facilitated; the soil conditioner is thrown on the ploughed soil, so that the soil conditioner can be more fully contacted with the soil, and then the soil conditioner can be completely soaked into the soil after being placed in a ventilating way; digging out surface soil with higher alkalinity, and then paving soil fertilizer, cobblestone and soil conditioner, thereby improving the permeability of the soil, and improving the soil quality by virtue of the soil fertilizer and the soil conditioner, thereby improving the improvement effect of the alkaline soil; the semi-permeable membrane is laid on the infiltration ditch, so that the leaked wastewater containing a large amount of alkaline substances can be collected, and the infiltration ditch is positioned at the lower side of the foundation pit, so that the wastewater is favorably discharged; planting plants suitable for growing on the saline-alkali soil on the surface of the soil, and reducing the alkalinity of the soil by utilizing the plants to absorb alkaline ions in the soil so as to improve the soil quality; the plants can be always kept in good absorption effect by regular harvesting, thereby ensuring the effect of soil improvement.

Preferably, in S2, the soil improvement agent is thrown while soil is turned over.

By adopting the technical scheme, the method of throwing the soil conditioner while ploughing is adopted, so that the soil conditioner and the soil can be mixed more uniformly, and the soil conditioner can be more fully soaked in the soil, thereby being beneficial to improving the effect of soil improvement.

Preferably, the soil conditioner comprises 150 parts of wheat bran 120-150 parts, wood chips 120-150 parts and fly ash 50-100 parts.

By adopting the technical scheme, the wheat bran and the sawdust have the effects of preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature, and the soil temperature can be increased, so that the growth of plants is facilitated; meanwhile, the soil structure can be improved, and capillary gaps of the soil are increased, so that the soil ventilation is increased, and the root burning problem of plants is reduced; the fly ash can improve the permeability of soil, increase the content of nutrient trace elements in the soil and reduce the alkalinity of the soil; in addition, the wheat bran, the wood chip and the fly ash all contain a large amount of trace elements and organic substances, which is very beneficial to the growth of crops.

Preferably, the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into 1-2cm square blocks for later use; 2) adding the square blocks into boiling water, boiling for 1.5-2h, and then fishing out and drying; 3) soaking the wood blocks in the step 2) in wood vinegar, stirring for 1-2h, and soaking for 24-30 h; 4) and fishing out, drying and crushing the soaked wood blocks to prepare the wood chips.

By adopting the technical scheme, the wood is boiled firstly, so that microorganisms possibly remaining on the wood can be killed, and the problem that the plant burns roots due to possible fermentation of the wood is reduced; in addition, wood blocks are soaked by wood vinegar, so that wood chips are soaked with the wood vinegar, the main components of the wood vinegar are acetic acid, phenols and water, wherein the content of organic matter acetic acid is more than 10%, and therefore the pH value of soil can be reduced, and the effect of improving the soil quality is achieved; in addition, the wood vinegar has the effects of inhibiting the propagation of mixed bacteria, preventing bacteria and insects, thereby further reducing the problem of possible fermentation of the wood chips.

Preferably, the soil fertilizer comprises 50-80 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10-30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20-40 parts of potassium sulfate, 150-200 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 120 parts of acidified straw.

By adopting the technical scheme, the calcium superphosphate is a water-soluble quick-acting fertilizer, and can be quickly dispersed in the soil due to the moisture contained in the soil; the ammonium sulfate or the potassium sulfate is dissolved in water, is acidic after being dissolved in the water and can reduce the pH value of soil; the livestock and poultry manure containing a large amount of organic matters and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like is doped in the fertilizer, so that the pollution of the livestock and poultry manure to the environment can be solved, and the soil fertility can be increased; in addition, the fertilizer is also doped with acidified straws, so that the environmental pollution caused by burning the straws is avoided, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements rich in the straws can be recycled, the soil fertility is improved, and meanwhile, the pH value of the soil can be adjusted and the problem of soil hardening is relieved due to the fact that the acidified straws are selected as the straws.

Preferably, the preparation method of the acidified straws comprises the following steps: 1) cutting the waste straws into 10-20cm straw sections for later use after the waste straws are collected, cleaned and dried; 2) placing the straw sections in 9-12% sodium chloride solution by mass, stirring for 1-1.5h, soaking for 24-36h after stirring, fishing out the straw sections after soaking, cleaning and drying; 3) putting the straw sections obtained in the step 2) into a container filled with an acidifying microbial inoculum, stirring for 1-1.5h, then pressing the straw sections by using a stone plate, and then sealing the container for 3-5 days; 4) fishing out the straw sections obtained in the step 3), cleaning, drying and shearing the straw sections, and then cutting the straw sections into small sections of 1-2cm for later use.

By adopting the technical scheme, the straws can be disinfected by soaking in the sodium chloride solution, so that the number of microorganisms contained in the straws is reduced, and the problem that the straws are possibly fermented by the microorganisms is solved; in addition, the pH value of the straws can be reduced by soaking the straws with the acidifying agent, so that the acidifying agent is beneficial to reducing the pH value of the soil and the effect of improving the soil quality is achieved.

Preferably, the acidifying microbial inoculum is a liquid microbial inoculum with the lactic acid bacteria content of 65-75%.

By adopting the technical scheme, the lactobacillus can provide rich nutrients for the soil, and can easily separate out small molecular polypeptide organic matters under the biochemical action, thereby greatly increasing organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace elements in the soil; meanwhile, humus can be formed, the humus is combined with calcium in the soil fertilizer to enable the soil to be cemented into a granular structure, the soil with the granular structure is loose and breathable, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is strong, and the performances of water, fertilizer, gas and heat can be adjusted; in addition, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be adjusted to be neutral.

Preferably, in S5, before the soil fertilizer is filled, a biodegradable film is laid on the bottom of the foundation pit.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, lay biodegradable film on the foundation ditch surface, can be isolated earlier soil fertilizer and soil, preferentially administer top soil, along with the increase of time, top soil contains alkaline and reduces gradually, and biodegradable film is reduced by microorganism, oxygen etc. environmental factor gradually, top soil and below soil intercommunication, and remaining waste material improves below soil, increases the fertility and the permeability of soil.

Preferably, in step S4, the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the groundwater layer is 1-3 cm.

By adopting the technical scheme, a certain distance is reserved between the water seepage pit and the underground water layer, so that the clear water in the water seepage pit is prevented from directly permeating into the soil and taking away soil conditioners and soil fertilizers in the soil.

In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

1. the semi-permeable membrane is laid on the infiltration ditch, so that the leaked wastewater containing a large amount of alkaline substances can be collected, and the infiltration ditch is positioned at the lower side of the foundation pit, so that the wastewater is favorably discharged; planting plants suitable for growing on saline-alkali soil on the soil surface, and reducing the alkalinity of the soil by utilizing the plants to absorb alkaline ions in the soil so as to improve the soil quality; the plants can always keep good absorption effect by regularly harvesting, thereby ensuring the effect of soil improvement;

2. the wood is boiled firstly, so that microorganisms possibly remaining on the wood can be killed, and the problem that the wood is likely to ferment to cause the root burning of plants is reduced; in addition, wood vinegar is adopted to soak the wood blocks, so that wood chips are soaked with the wood vinegar, the main components of the wood chips are acetic acid, phenols and water, wherein the acetic acid serving as an organic matter component accounts for more than 10 percent, and the pH value of the soil can be reduced, so that the effect of improving the soil quality is achieved; in addition, the wood vinegar has the effects of inhibiting the propagation of mixed bacteria, preventing bacteria and insects, so that the problem of possible fermentation of wood chips is further reduced;

3. the lactobacillus can provide rich nutrients for soil, is easy to separate out small molecular polypeptide organic matters under the biochemical action, and can greatly increase organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace elements in the soil; meanwhile, humus can be formed, the humus is combined with calcium in the soil fertilizer to enable the soil to be cemented into a granular structure, the soil with the granular structure is loose and breathable, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is strong, and the performances of water, fertilizer, gas and heat can be adjusted; in addition, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be adjusted to be neutral.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

a method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

s2, soil reprocessing: uniformly throwing the soil conditioner on the soil surface in the S1, and carrying out the operation of throwing the soil conditioner while turning over the soil, wherein the soil conditioner is ventilated for 2.5 days after throwing;

s3, excavating a foundation pit: excavating a foundation pit of 40cm on the soil after the soil conditioner is thrown, and placing the excavated soil on one side for later use;

s4, excavating a water seepage ditch: excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch, wherein the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the underground water layer is 2 cm;

s5, paving a soil fertilizer: paving a biodegradable film at the bottom of the foundation pit, then uniformly stirring and mixing the soil fertilizer and half of the spare soil dug out in the S3, and paving the mixture on the biodegradable film in the foundation pit, wherein the paving thickness is 6.5 cm;

s7, backfilling the foundation pit: paving cobblestones with the thickness of 5cm, a soil conditioner with the thickness of 6.5cm and the mixture of the other half of the spare soil on the waterproof membrane in sequence;

s8, planting surface layer plants: planting salicornia europaea on the soil surface, and harvesting and removing at regular time.

Wherein the soil conditioner comprises 135 parts of wheat bran, 135 parts of sawdust and 75 parts of fly ash;

the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into 1.5cm square blocks for later use; 2) adding the square blocks into boiling water, boiling for 1.75h, and then fishing out and drying; 3) soaking the wood blocks in the step 2) in wood vinegar with the pH value of 3, stirring for 1.5h, and soaking for 27 h; 4) fishing out, drying and crushing the soaked wood blocks to prepare wood chips;

the soil fertilizer comprises 65 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 175 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 110 parts of acidified straws;

the preparation method of the acidified straw comprises the following steps: 1) after the waste straws are collected, cleaned and dried, the waste straws are cut into 15cm straw sections for standby; 2) placing the straw sections in a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 10.5%, stirring for 1.25%, soaking for 31h after stirring, fishing out the straw sections after soaking, cleaning and drying; 3) putting the straw sections obtained in the step 2) into a container filled with an acidifying microbial inoculum, stirring for 1.25h, then pressing the straw sections by using a stone plate, and then sealing the container for 4 days; 4) fishing out the straw sections obtained in the step 3), cleaning, drying and shearing the straw sections, and then cutting the straw sections into small sections of 1.5cm for later use; the acidifying agent is a liquid agent with 70% of lactobacillus content.

Example 2:

a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which is basically the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and the difference of the steps is as follows:

s2, soil reprocessing: uniformly throwing the soil conditioner on the soil surface in S1, turning over the soil, and performing throwing work of the soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner is ventilated for 2 days after throwing;

s3, excavating a foundation pit: excavating a foundation pit of 35cm on the soil after the soil conditioner is thrown, and placing the excavated soil on one side for later use;

s4, excavating a water seepage ditch: excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch, wherein the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the underground water layer is 1 cm;

s5, paving a soil fertilizer: paving a biodegradable film at the bottom of the foundation pit, then uniformly stirring and mixing the soil fertilizer and half of the spare soil dug out in the S3, and paving the mixture on the biodegradable film in the foundation pit, wherein the paving thickness is 5 cm;

s7, backfilling the foundation pit: paving and filling cobblestones with the thickness of 4cm, soil conditioner with the thickness of 5cm and the mixture of the other half of the spare soil on the waterproof membrane in sequence;

Wherein the soil conditioner comprises 120 parts of wheat bran, 120 parts of sawdust and 50 parts of fly ash;

the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into 1cm square blocks for later use; 2) adding the square blocks into boiling water, boiling for 1.5h, and then fishing out and drying; 3) soaking the wood blocks in the step 2) in wood vinegar with the pH value of 3, stirring for 1h, and soaking for 24 h; 4) fishing out, drying and crushing the soaked wood blocks to prepare wood chips;

the soil fertilizer comprises 50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 150 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 100 parts of acidified straws;

the preparation method of the acidified straw comprises the following steps: 1) collecting, cleaning and drying the waste straws, and shearing the waste straws into 10cm straw sections for later use; 2) placing the straw sections in 9% sodium chloride solution by mass, stirring for 1h, soaking for 24h after stirring, fishing out, cleaning and drying the straw sections after soaking; 3) putting the straw sections obtained in the step 2) into a container filled with an acidifying microbial inoculum, stirring for 1h, then pressing the straw sections by using a stone plate, and then sealing the container for 3 days; 4) fishing out the straw sections obtained in the step 3), cleaning, drying and shearing the straw sections, and then cutting the straw sections into small sections of 1cm for later use; the acidifying agent is a liquid agent with the lactobacillus content of 65 percent.

Example 3:

s2, soil reprocessing: uniformly throwing the soil conditioner on the soil surface in the S1, and carrying out the operation of throwing the soil conditioner while turning over the soil, and ventilating for 3 days after throwing;

s3, excavating a foundation pit: excavating a foundation pit of 45cm on the soil after the soil conditioner is thrown, and placing the excavated soil on one side for later use;

s4, excavating a water seepage ditch: excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch, wherein the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the underground water layer is 3 cm;

s5, paving a soil fertilizer: paving a biodegradable film at the bottom of the foundation pit, then uniformly stirring and mixing the soil fertilizer and half of the spare soil dug out in the S3, and paving the mixture on the biodegradable film in the foundation pit, wherein the paving thickness is 8 cm;

s7, backfilling the foundation pit: paving 6 cm-thick cobblestones, 8 cm-thick soil conditioner and the mixture of the other half of the spare soil on the waterproof membrane in sequence;

Wherein the soil conditioner comprises 150 parts of wheat bran, 150 parts of sawdust and 100 parts of fly ash;

the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into 2cm square blocks for later use; 2) adding the square blocks into boiling water, boiling for 2 hours, and then fishing out and drying; 3) soaking the wood blocks in the step 2) in wood vinegar with the pH value of 3, stirring for 2 hours, and soaking for 30 hours; 4) fishing out, drying and crushing the soaked wood blocks to prepare wood chips;

the soil fertilizer comprises 80 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 40 parts of potassium sulfate, 200 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 120 parts of acidified straws;

the preparation method of the acidified straws comprises the following steps: 1) after the waste straws are collected, cleaned and dried, the waste straws are cut into straw sections of 20cm for standby; 2) placing the straw sections in a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 12%, stirring for 1.5 hours, soaking for 36 hours after stirring, fishing out the straw sections, cleaning and drying after soaking; 3) putting the straw sections obtained in the step 2) into a container filled with an acidifying microbial inoculum, stirring for 1.5 hours, then pressing the straw sections by using a stone plate, and then sealing the container for 5 days; 4) fishing out the straw sections obtained in the step 3), cleaning, drying and shearing the straw sections, and then cutting the straw sections into 2cm small sections for later use; the acidifying agent is a liquid agent with 75% of lactobacillus content.

Example 4:

a method for improving saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the steps are different:

s2, soil reprocessing: and (4) uniformly throwing the soil conditioner on the soil surface in the S1, and ventilating for 2-3 days after throwing.

Example 5:

s5, paving a soil fertilizer: and (3) turning and mixing the soil fertilizer and half of the spare soil dug out in the S3 uniformly, and paving the mixture on the biodegradable film in the foundation pit with the paving thickness of 5-8 cm.

Example 6:

s4, excavating a water seepage ditch: and excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch, wherein the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the underground water layer is 0.5 cm.

Example 7:

s4, excavating a water seepage ditch: and (3) excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch, and enabling the height of the bottom of the water seepage ditch to be 3.5cm away from the surface of the underground water layer.

Example 8:

a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which is basically the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and is different from the method in that:

the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into 1.5cm square blocks for later use; 2) and drying and crushing the wood blocks to prepare the wood chips.

Example 9:

the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into 1.5cm square blocks for later use; 2) adding the square blocks into wood vinegar with the pH value of 3, stirring for 1.5h, and soaking for 27 h; 3) and fishing out, drying and crushing the soaked wood blocks to prepare the wood chips.

Example 10:

a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, and is different from the following steps:

the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into 1.5cm square blocks for later use; 2) adding the square blocks into boiling water, boiling for 1.75h, and then fishing out and drying; 3) and fishing out, drying and crushing the wood blocks in the step 2) to prepare the wood chips.

Example 11:

the preparation method of the acidified straw comprises the following steps: 1) after the waste straws are collected, cleaned and dried, the waste straws are cut into 15cm straw sections for standby; 2) putting the straw sections into a container filled with an acidifying microbial inoculum, stirring for 1.25h, then pressing the straw sections by using a stone plate, and then sealing the container for 4 days; 3) fishing out the straw sections obtained in the step 2), cleaning, drying and shearing the straw sections, and then cutting the straw sections into small sections of 1.5cm for later use.

Comparative example 1:

s2, excavating a foundation pit: excavating a foundation pit of 40cm on soil, and placing the excavated soil on one side for later use;

s3, excavating a water seepage ditch: excavating a water seepage ditch at the lower side of the foundation pit topography, paving a semipermeable membrane at the bottom of the water seepage ditch, wherein the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the underground water layer is 2 cm;

s4, paving a soil fertilizer: paving a biodegradable film at the bottom of the foundation pit, then uniformly stirring and mixing the soil fertilizer and the spare soil dug out in the S3, and paving the mixture on the biodegradable film in the foundation pit with the paving thickness of 6.5 cm;

s5, laying a waterproof film: paving a waterproof film on the soil fertilizer on the lower side of the foundation pit according to the size of the foundation pit;

s6, backfilling the foundation pit: paving cobbles with the thickness of 5cm and the rest soil with the thickness of 6.5cm on the waterproof film in sequence;

s7, planting surface layer plants: planting salicornia europaea on the soil surface, and harvesting and removing at regular time.

Comparative example 2:

wherein the soil conditioner comprises 345 parts of wheat bran.

Comparative example 3:

wherein, the soil conditioner comprises 345 parts of wood chips. The wood chip treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 4:

wherein the soil conditioner comprises 345 parts of fly ash.

Comparative example 5:

s5, paving a soil fertilizer: laying a biodegradable film at the bottom of the foundation pit, and then laying half of the spare soil on the biodegradable film in the foundation pit, wherein the laying thickness is 6.5 cm;

s7, backfilling the foundation pit: paving cobblestones with the thickness of 5cm and the other half of spare soil on the waterproof membrane in sequence;

s8, planting surface layer plants: plants suitable for growing in saline-alkali soil are planted on the soil surface, and the plants are harvested and removed at regular time.

Comparative example 6:

the soil fertilizer comprises 65 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 175 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 110 parts of straws.

Comparative example 7:

the soil fertilizer comprises 65 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate and 175 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

Comparative example 8:

the preparation method of the acidified straw comprises the following steps: 1) after the waste straws are collected, cleaned and dried, the waste straws are cut into 15cm straw sections for standby; 2) placing the straw sections in a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 10.5%, stirring for 1.25%, soaking for 31h after stirring, fishing out the straw sections after soaking, cleaning and drying; 3) putting the straw sections obtained in the step 2) into a container filled with hydrochloric acid solution with a pH value of 3, stirring for 1.25h, then pressing the straw sections by using a stone plate, and then sealing the container for 4 days; 4) and fishing out the straw sections obtained in the step 3, cleaning, drying and shearing the straw sections, and cutting the straw sections into small sections of 1.5cm for later use.

Performance detection

The soil was improved by using examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 8, respectively, for an improvement period of 1.5 years, and then 5 cubic meters of the improved soil was selected as a sample, and the following indexes were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 detection results of various indexes of soil after improvement

Sample (I)	Organic matter content (g/kg)	Whole salt (g/kg)	Water content (%)	pH of soil
					Example 1	33.5	0.34	28.5	7.20
Example 2	33.6	0.33	28.3	7.10
					Example 3	33.4	0.35	28.4	7.00
Example 4	30.1	0.46	26.5	7.60
					Example 5	30.4	0.48	25.8	7.65
Example 6	30.2	0.45	25.9	7.70
					Example 7	30.2	0.46	26.0	7.75
Example 8	27.8	0.57	24.1	8.10
					Example 9	27.6	0.56	24.3	7.90
Example 10	28.0	0.59	24.5	8.15
					Example 11	27.1	0.60	25.0	8.25
Comparative example 1	17.5	1.20	15.7	9.10
					Comparative example 2	18.2	0.90	20.2	8.70
Comparative example 3	18.3	0.94	20.7	8.75
					Comparative example 4	18.2	0.91	21.0	8.60
Comparative example 5	15.5	1.15	16.2	8.90
					Comparative example 6	18.0	0.98	21.0	8.65
Comparative example 7	17.9	0.97	21.8	8.50
					Comparative example 8	18.3	0.95	21.1	8.60

The detection index results show that:

1. the indexes of examples 1-3 are all superior to the indexes of comparative examples 1-8, indicating that: when the improvement parameters are within a certain range, each index can have good improvement effect;

2. the indexes of example 1 are all better than those of example 4, which shows that: the method of plowing and throwing is adopted, so that the soil conditioner and the soil can be mixed more uniformly, and the soil conditioner can be more fully immersed in the soil, thereby being beneficial to improving the soil conditioning effect;

3. the indexes of example 1 are all better than those of example 5, which shows that: laying the biodegradable film on the foundation ditch surface, can insulating soil fertilizer and soil earlier, preferentially administer top soil, with the increase of time, top soil contains alkaline nature and reduces gradually, and biodegradable film is reduced by microorganism, oxygen etc. environmental factor gradually, and top soil and below soil intercommunication, and remaining waste material improves the below soil, increases the fertility and the permeability of soil.

4. The indexes of example 1 are all superior to those of examples 6-7, indicating that: the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the underground water layer is 1-3cm, so that a certain distance is reserved between the water seepage pit and the underground water layer, and the clear water in the water seepage pit is prevented from directly permeating into the soil and taking away soil conditioner and soil fertilizer in the soil.

5. The indexes of example 1 are all superior to those of examples 8-10, indicating that: the wood is pretreated, so that the problem of plant root burning caused by possible fermentation of the wood can be reduced; in addition, wood blocks are soaked in wood vinegar, so that wood chips are soaked with the wood vinegar, the main components of the wood vinegar are acetic acid, phenols and water, and the organic matter component acetic acid accounts for more than 10%, so that the pH value of soil can be reduced, and the effect of improving the soil quality is achieved.

6. The indexes of example 1 are all better than those of example 11, which shows that: the straw can be disinfected by soaking in the sodium chloride solution, so that the number of microorganisms contained in the straw is reduced, the problem that the straw is possibly fermented by the microorganisms is reduced, and the effect of soil improvement is improved.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications without inventive contribution to the present embodiment as needed after reading the present specification, but all of which are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An alkaline planting soil improvement process is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s2, soil reprocessing: uniformly throwing a soil improvement agent on the surface of the soil in S1, ventilating for 2-3 days after throwing, wherein the soil improvement agent comprises 150 parts of wheat bran 120-sand, 150 parts of wood chips 120-sand and 50-100 parts of fly ash, and the preparation method of the wood chips comprises the following steps: 1) cleaning the wood, and cutting the wood into square blocks of 1cm-2cm for later use; 2) adding the square blocks into boiling water, boiling for 1.5-2h, and then fishing out and drying; 3) soaking the wood blocks in the step 2) in wood vinegar, stirring for 1-2h, and soaking for 24-30 h; 4) taking out, drying and crushing the soaked wood blocks to prepare wood chips;

s5, paving a soil fertilizer: uniformly stirring and mixing a soil fertilizer and half of the spare soil dug out in the S3, and paving the mixture in a foundation pit with the paving thickness of 5-8 cm;

2. The alkaline planting soil improvement process of claim 1, wherein: in S2, the soil conditioner is thrown while soil is turned over.

3. The alkaline planting soil improvement process of claim 1, wherein: the soil fertilizer comprises 50-80 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10-30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20-40 parts of potassium sulfate, 200 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 120 parts of acidified straw.

4. The alkaline planting soil improvement process of claim 3, wherein: the preparation method of the acidified straw comprises the following steps: 1) cutting the waste straws into straw sections of 10-20cm for later use after the waste straws are collected, cleaned and dried; 2) placing the straw sections in 9-12% sodium chloride solution by mass, stirring for 1-1.5h, soaking for 24-36h after stirring, fishing out the straw sections after soaking, cleaning and drying; 3) putting the straw sections obtained in the step 2) into a container filled with an acidifying microbial inoculum, stirring for 1-1.5h, then pressing the straw sections by using a stone plate, and then sealing the container for 3-5 days; 4) fishing out the straw sections obtained in the step 3), cleaning, drying and shearing the straw sections, and then cutting the straw sections into small sections of 1-2cm for later use.

5. The alkaline planting soil improvement process of claim 4, wherein: the acidizing microbial inoculum is a liquid microbial inoculum with the lactic acid bacteria content of 65-75%.

6. The alkaline planting soil improvement process of claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, before the soil fertilizer is filled, a biodegradable film is laid on the bottom of the foundation pit.

7. The alkaline planting soil improvement process of claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the height from the bottom of the water seepage ditch to the surface of the underground water layer is 1-3 cm.