CN109526681B - Special nutritional type soil improvement matrix for saline-alkali earth root flower planting - Google Patents
Special nutritional type soil improvement matrix for saline-alkali earth root flower planting Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 title description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ILRLTAZWFOQHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [K].OS(O)(=O)=O ILRLTAZWFOQHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000187395 Streptomyces microflavus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000250129 Trigonella foenum graecum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001484 Trigonella foenum graecum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001019 trigonella foenum-graecum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000000053 special nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001632576 Hyacinthus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001633628 Lycoris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000722921 Tulipa gesneriana Species 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000234473 Hippeastrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052956 cinnabar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a special nutrient soil improvement matrix for saline-alkali earth root flower planting, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: mushroom residue: 10 parts; one or two of cotton seed hulls and oil sunflower seed hulls: 20 parts; straw: 15 parts; sheep manure: 10 parts; washing river sand: 10 parts; vermiculite: 5 parts; urea: 3 parts; superphosphate: 4 parts; potassium dihydrogen sulfate: 4 parts; microbial fermentation inoculant: 2 parts; solid water: 5 parts; fulvic acid: 5 parts; humic acid: 5 parts; microorganism functional bacteria: 2 parts. The invention uses common agricultural wastes such as mushroom residue, straw, cotton seed hulls and the like in saline-alkali areas as raw materials, and has the advantages of wide sources, low cost, ecological environment protection, simple operation and short production period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a nutrient soil improvement matrix special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The bulbous flower refers to perennial herb flowers which are metamorphosed and expanded in the underground part for fully storing nutrients. The bulbous flower has unique fragrance and high ornamental value and is widely applied to landscaping, fresh cut flowers and pharmacy. However, the planting of the bulbous flowers has high requirements on soil, needs to keep high nutrient and high porosity, is suitable for pH value and field water holding capacity, is easily influenced by bad factors such as dryness, humidity, salt and alkali, is easy to infect fungus infection such as gray mold, causes root rot, leaf mold and the like, and further influences flowering.
The saline-alkali soil has higher pH value, large salt content, smaller soil porosity, poor water permeability, easy hardening of the surface skin and lower nutrient content. The saline-alkali soil has high salt content and high corrosiveness, is easy to cause physiological drought on plants, damages plant tissues and hinders plant growth. Lower soil nutrient content results in slow plant growth. Therefore, planting the bulbous flowers in the saline-alkali soil is easier to cause bad consequences such as rotten roots, dead leaves, slow growth, shape degradation and the like.
At present, the method for planting the bulbous flowers in the saline-alkali soil mostly adopts a soil-filling method, and has the advantages of high cost, complex operation, poor sustainability and high later maintenance cost. The special soil improvement matrix for planting the saline-alkali earth roots and flowers is not available yet, and is used for improving the soil environment of the saline-alkali soil and improving the production quality of the bulbous flowers. Therefore, it is urgently needed to find a special nutrient soil improvement matrix for saline-alkali earth root flower planting, which is convenient to produce, wide in material availability, low in cost and capable of promoting growth.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a nutrient type soil improvement matrix special for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a special nutritional soil improvement matrix for saline-alkali earth root flower planting is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: mushroom residue: 10 parts; one or two of cotton seed hulls and oil sunflower seed hulls: 20 parts; straw: 15 parts; sheep manure: 10 parts; washing river sand: 10 parts; vermiculite: 5 parts; urea: 3 parts; superphosphate: 4 parts; potassium dihydrogen sulfate: 4 parts; microbial fermentation inoculant: 2 parts; solid water: 5 parts; fulvic acid: 5 parts; humic acid: 5 parts; microorganism functional bacteria: 2 parts.
The mushroom residue is used as a matrix in the production of various edible fungi, and is degraded into stable components after the edible fungi are produced, and the components are crushed before use, wherein the particle size is less than or equal to 5mm.
The straw is the straw of herbaceous crops. Such as one or more of corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean and peanut, and pulverizing before use, and the particle size is less than or equal to 2cm (facilitating later fermentation).
The water-washed river sand is river sand with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm, salt and other mineral substances on the surface layer are leached out after the river sand is fully washed with water, and the pH value is less than or equal to 7.5.
The grain diameter of the vermiculite is 5-7 mm.
The sheep manure is sheep manure with the water content less than or equal to 10 percent.
The microbial fermentation inoculant is prepared by mixing bacillus, saccharomycetes, fibrous monospore fungus, EM (effective microorganism), streptomyces microflavus (5406) and trichoderma according to an equal ratio, and the number of viable bacteria of the microbial fermentation inoculant is ensured to reach 50 multiplied by 10 9/g.
The solid water is prepared by mixing thiobarbituric acid, xanthan gum, fenugreek gum and borax according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, adding water to a saturated state, and fully stirring.
The microbial functional bacteria are mixed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, potassium-dissolving bacteria and the like in proportion, so that the number of the viable bacteria of the microbial functional bacteria is ensured to reach 18 multiplied by 10 9/g.
The microbial fermentation inoculant and the microbial functional bacteria are all public and known and public bacillus, saccharomycetes, fibrous monospore, EM bacteria, streptomyces microflavus (5406), trichoderma, azotobacter, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria used in the preparation of the microbial fermentation inoculant and the microbial functional bacteria.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient soil improvement matrix special for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Before preparing the matrix, placing sheep manure in a compost pool, covering a plastic film on the compost pool to perform primary fermentation in an anaerobic environment, ensuring the temperature to reach 65-75 ℃ by illumination and covering a heat-preserving straw curtain during fermentation, and sterilizing by using the compost temperature; draining water for standby after fermenting for 7 days;
(2) Uniformly mixing one or two of fermented sheep manure, crushed mushroom residues, cotton seed hulls and oil sunflower seed hulls, crushed straws and microbial fermentation inoculant, covering a plastic film, fermenting in a composting manner for 30 days, and turning up and down every 7-10 days;
(3) Adding water-washed river sand, vermiculite, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen sulfate into the fermented substrate in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing, covering a plastic film, stacking and fermenting for 7 days, and draining water after fermentation to ensure that the water content is 15-20%;
(4) Preparation of solid water: the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing thiobarbituric acid, xanthan gum, fenugreek gum and borax according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, adding sufficient water, and fully stirring to obtain the product, wherein the preparation standard is that water precipitation is avoided and water can not be continuously mixed.
(5) Adding solid water, fulvic acid, humic acid and microorganism functional bacteria into the fermented substrate in the step (3), fully and uniformly stirring, detecting pH, and obtaining the improved substrate when the pH value is in the range of 6.5-7.5; when the pH value is not in the range, acetic acid or slaked lime is used for regulating the pH value of the matrix to be in the range of 6.5-7.5, thus obtaining the improved matrix.
The preparation method of the nutrient soil improvement substrate special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting is not particularly limited, and can be according to the prior art.
The invention also provides an application method of the soil improvement matrix,
The nutrient type soil improvement matrix special for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers can be widely applied to planting of spherical roots and flowers for potted plants and ground cover, is particularly suitable for planting spherical roots and flowers such as lily, tulip, vermilion, hyacinth, lycoris and the like, and is widely applied to mild, moderate and severe saline-alkali soil.
The application method comprises the following steps: according to the planting depth of the bulbous flowers (the planting depth of the bulbs is 10-15cm, the depth of the improved soil is 10-15cm which is extended downwards), the soil with the depth of 0cm-30cm is improved, and the slight saline-alkali soil is uniformly mixed into the original saline-alkali soil according to the mass percentage of 10%; uniformly mixing the moderate saline-alkali soil into the primary saline-alkali soil according to the mass percentage of 20%; the severe saline-alkali soil is uniformly mixed into the primary saline-alkali soil according to the mass percentage of 10 percent.
The light saline-alkali soil disclosed by the invention refers to a moist or semi-moist area with a soil salt content of 1-2g/kg and a pH of 7.0< 7.5, or a arid or semiarid area with a soil salt content of 2-3g/kg and a pH of 7.0< 7.5.
The moderate saline-alkali soil disclosed by the invention refers to a moist or semi-moist area with a soil salt content of 2-4g/kg and a pH of 7.5< 8.5, or a arid or semiarid area with a soil salt content of 3-5g/kg and a pH of 7.5< 8.5.
The severe saline-alkali soil disclosed by the invention refers to a moist area with a soil salt content of 4-6g/kg and a pH value of more than 8.5 or a arid area and a semiarid area with a soil salt content of 5-10g/kg and a pH value of more than 8.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention uses common agricultural wastes such as mushroom residue, straw, cotton seed hulls and the like in saline-alkali areas as raw materials, and has the advantages of wide sources, low cost, ecological environment protection, simple operation and short production period.
(2) The application of the solid water can release water to supply the seed balls to grow during drought; meanwhile, boron contained in the solid water can promote the reproductive growth of the bulbous flowers, promote the quality of production of the bulbous flowers.
(3) The nutrient soil improvement matrix special for planting the saline-alkali earth roots and flowers disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the saline-alkali soil is improved so as to be unfavorable for growth factors of the bulbous flowers, and meanwhile, the nutrient soil improvement matrix contains rich organic matters and is comprehensive in nutrition. The application of the microbial fermentation inoculant and the microbial functional bacterial fertilizer can continuously decompose, convert and utilize nutrient elements in the soil environment, does not need to be applied with fertilizer, and can meet the requirements of saline-alkali earth roots and flowers in each growth period for nutrients. Is an improved matrix for once and for all.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Test area: in the green southern Xinjiang forestry industry garden of ecological literary station limited company of Zhengling south of Qinghu lake in the area of Keshen in Xinjiang; the physical and chemical properties of the raw soil are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical Properties of raw soil
A preparation method of a nutrient type soil improvement matrix special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Covering 50kg of sheep manure (collected at a local herder) with a plastic film, performing primary fermentation in an anaerobic environment, ensuring that the temperature reaches 65-75 ℃ by illumination and a heat-insulating straw curtain covering mode during fermentation, fermenting and sterilizing for 7 days, and draining water for later use;
(2) Crushing 50kg of mushroom residues (collected on an Akriging mushroom planting base, the grain diameter is less than or equal to 5 mm), crushing 75kg of corn stalks (collected on-site farmers, the grain diameter is less than or equal to 2 cm), adding 50kg of cotton seed hulls and oil sunflower seed hulls (collected on-site farmers), adding 10kg of microbial fermentation inoculants (comprising bacillus, saccharomycetes, fiber monospora, EM bacteria, streptomyces microflavus (5406) and trichoderma, and the like; the bacillus, saccharomycetes, fiber monospora, EM bacteria, streptomyces microflavus (5406) and trichoderma are purchased from Zhengzhou basic bioengineering Co., ltd.), uniformly mixing with the sheep manure fermented in the step (1), covering a plastic film, fermenting in a composting manner, and stirring soil every 8 days for 30 days. The test pH was 7.5.
(3) Adding 50kg of water-washed river sand (river sand with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm, and the pH value of which is less than or equal to 7.5 after washing completely, leaching out surface salt and other minerals), 25kg of vermiculite (with the particle size less than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 7 mm), 15kg of urea, 20kg of calcium superphosphate and 20kg of potassium dihydrogen sulfate into the substrate fermented in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing, covering a plastic film, stacking and fermenting for 7 days, and measuring the water content to be 16.7%.
(4) 6Kg of thiobarbituric acid, 3kg of xanthan gum, 3kg of fenugreek gum and 3kg of borax are uniformly mixed, sufficient water is added, and the mixture is fully stirred until no water is separated out and water can not be continuously mixed, and finally 75kg of solid water is prepared.
(5) Adding 25kg of solid water, 25kg of fulvic acid (produced by Dongguan Fute biotechnology Co., ltd.), 25kg of humic acid (produced by Dongguan Fute biotechnology Co., ltd.), 10kg of microorganism functional bacteria (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, potassium-dissolving bacteria, etc. in proportion, wherein the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphate-dissolving bacteria and the potassium-dissolving bacteria are purchased from Zhengzhou Jiedu biological engineering Co., ltd.) into the fermented substrate in the step (3), fully and uniformly stirring, measuring the pH value to be 6.9, and bagging for standby.
The matrix of the invention is compared with the conventional modifier for application effect, and the matrix is implemented in a green southern Xinjiang forestry industry garden of the ecological station of Zhennan GmbH of grass lake Zhennan in forty-first group of grass lake Zhennan in the Xinjiang Keshen area. Pot experiments were performed using a nutrition pot with a diameter of 20 cm. Three treatments were set up in total, treatment 1: the special nutrition type soil improvement matrix for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers is added into Keshen primary saline-alkali soil according to the mass percentage of 20%; treatment 2: the desulfurization gypsum modifier is added into Keshen primary saline-alkali soil according to 20 mass percent; treatment 3: keshen virgin saline-alkali soil. Respectively used as planting matrixes for transplanting 90 cinnabar seedlings with 3.56cm corms, and soaking the seed balls in 0.1% concentration potassium permanganate for 30min before transplanting for sterilization. After three months, the growth indexes such as soil pH value, increasing amount of the red ball diameter of the hippeastrum, plant height, plant width, longest leaf length, longest leaf width and the like are measured, and root rot rate and leaf spot disease incidence rate are counted. The results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 growth data for each treated plant three months later
According to the experimental result, the improvement of the pH value of the soil by the treatment 1 is more remarkable; the root rot rate and the leaf spot disease occurrence rate are low; the index of the expansion of the vermilion seed balls, the plant height, the plant width, the longest blade length, the longest blade width and the like are obviously superior to those of other treatments, and the matrix has good effect when being used as a special nutrient soil improvement matrix for saline-alkali earth roots and flowers.
Claims (7)
1. A special nutrition type soil improvement matrix for saline-alkali earth root flower planting is characterized in that:
According to the planting depth of the bulbous flower seed balls of 10-15cm, the depth of the improved soil is 10-15cm downwards extending from the planting depth, the improvement is carried out on the soil with the depth of 0cm-30cm, and the special nutrition type soil improvement matrix for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers is uniformly mixed into the primary saline-alkali soil according to the mass percentage of 10% in the light saline-alkali soil; uniformly mixing a nutrient type soil improvement matrix special for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers into primary saline-alkali soil according to the mass percentage of 20%; uniformly mixing a special nutrition type soil improvement matrix for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers into the primary saline-alkali soil according to the mass percentage of 10%;
The nutrient type soil improvement matrix special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: mushroom residue: 10 parts; one or two of cotton seed hulls and oil sunflower seed hulls: 20 parts; straw: 15 parts; sheep manure: 10 parts; washing river sand: 10 parts; vermiculite: 5 parts; urea: 3 parts; superphosphate: 4 parts; potassium dihydrogen sulfate: 4 parts; microbial fermentation inoculant: 2 parts; solid water: 5 parts; fulvic acid: 5 parts; humic acid: 5 parts; microorganism functional bacteria: 2 parts;
The solid water is prepared by mixing thiobarbituric acid, xanthan gum, fenugreek gum and borax according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, adding water to a saturated state, and fully stirring;
The preparation method of the soil improvement matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) Before preparing the matrix, placing sheep manure in a compost pool, covering a plastic film on the compost pool to perform primary fermentation in an anaerobic environment, ensuring the temperature to reach 65-75 ℃ by illumination and covering a heat-preserving straw curtain during fermentation, and sterilizing by using the compost temperature; draining water for standby after fermenting for 7 days;
(2) Uniformly mixing one or two of fermented sheep manure, crushed mushroom residues, cotton seed hulls and oil sunflower seed hulls, crushed straws and microbial fermentation inoculant, covering a plastic film, fermenting in a composting manner for 30 days, and turning up and down every 7-10 days;
(3) Adding water-washed river sand, vermiculite, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen sulfate into the fermented substrate in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing, covering a plastic film, stacking and fermenting for 7 days, and draining water after fermentation to ensure that the water content is 15-20%;
(4) Preparation of solid water: mixing thiobarbituric acid, xanthan gum, fenugreek gum and borax according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, adding sufficient water, and fully stirring to obtain the product, wherein the preparation standard is that water precipitation is avoided and water can not be continuously mixed;
(5) Adding solid water, fulvic acid, humic acid and microorganism functional bacteria into the fermented substrate in the step (3), fully and uniformly stirring, detecting pH, and obtaining the improved substrate when the pH value is in the range of 6.5-7.5; when the pH value is not in the range, acetic acid or slaked lime is used for regulating the pH value of the matrix to be in the range of 6.5-7.5, thus obtaining the improved matrix.
2. The nutrient soil improvement substrate special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the grain diameter of the mushroom residues is less than or equal to 5mm; the straw is the straw of herbaceous crops, the herbaceous crops are one or the combination of more than two of corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean and peanut, and the particle size is less than or equal to 2cm; the water-washed river sand is river sand with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm, salt and other mineral matters on the surface layer are leached out after the river sand is fully washed, and the pH value is less than or equal to 7.5; the grain diameter of the vermiculite is 5-7 mm; the sheep manure is sheep manure with the water content less than or equal to 10 percent.
3. The nutrient soil improvement substrate special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the microbial fermentation inoculant is prepared by mixing bacillus, saccharomycetes, fibrous monospore fungus, EM (effective microorganism) bacteria, streptomyces microflavus 5406 and trichoderma according to an equal ratio, and the number of viable bacteria of the microbial fermentation inoculant is ensured to reach 50 multiplied by 10 9/g.
4. The nutrient soil improvement substrate special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the microbial functional bacteria are mixed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, potassium-dissolving bacteria and the like in proportion, so that the number of the viable bacteria of the microbial functional bacteria is ensured to reach 18 multiplied by 10 9/g.
5. A nutrient soil improvement substrate for earth roots and flowers planting in saline and alkaline as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the nutrient type soil improvement matrix special for planting saline-alkali earth roots and flowers is applied to planting potted plants and ground-cover bulbous flowers.
6. The nutrient soil improvement substrate special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the bulb flower is lily, tulip, vermilion, hyacinth or lycoris.
7. The nutrient soil improvement substrate special for saline-alkali earth root flower planting as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the light saline-alkali soil refers to a moist or semi-moist area with a soil salt content of 1-2g/kg and a pH of 7.0< 7.5, or a arid or semiarid area with a soil salt content of 2-3g/kg and a pH of 7.0< 7.5; the moderate saline-alkali soil refers to a moist or semi-moist area with a soil salt content of 2-4g/kg and a pH of 7.5< 8.5, or a arid or semiarid area with a soil salt content of 3-5g/kg and a pH of 7.5< 8.5; the severe saline-alkali soil refers to a moist area with a soil salt content of 4-6g/kg and a pH value of more than 8.5 or a arid area and a semiarid area with a soil salt content of 5-10g/kg and a pH value of more than 8.5.
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| CN111436349A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-07-24 | 河海大学 | Seedling raising substrate for cultivating salt-resistant plant seedlings and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111512916A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 湖南科技大学 | Method for promoting growth of Allium macrostemon (Allium macrostemon) in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112385350A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-23 | 杭州鸿英园林有限公司 | Soil improvement method for improving survival rate of municipal pot planting |
| CN113651656A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-16 | 新疆慧尔智联技术有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115024038B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-11-07 | 塔里木大学 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by vermiculite |
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