CN113651656A - Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113651656A CN113651656A CN202111057282.5A CN202111057282A CN113651656A CN 113651656 A CN113651656 A CN 113651656A CN 202111057282 A CN202111057282 A CN 202111057282A CN 113651656 A CN113651656 A CN 113651656A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, and the saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 50-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10-20 parts of cotton seed residue, 1-5 parts of trehalose and 0.5-2 parts of compound microbial agent. The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention optimizes the soil microbial community and improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil by adopting the compound microbial agent, and the compound microbial agent, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate, the cottonseed residues and the trehalose act together to reduce the saline-alkali degree of the soil, improve the structure of the saline-alkali soil, improve the content of nutrient substances in the soil, promote the formation of aggregates in the soil and have an obvious effect of improving the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The area of the arid region in China accounts for 1/3 of the total area of the whole country, and in the regions with dry climate, high soil evaporation strength, high underground water level and more soluble salts, because of strong radiation and air drying, the evaporation of water aggravates the mineral substances in the lower layer of the soil to rise to the ground surface along with the water to form salt damage, so the saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in the arid region.
Salinization of soil causes structural hardening of soil, permeability deterioration, soil fertility weakening and the like, and salinized soil cannot provide favorable growth conditions for growth of vegetation such as cultivated land and forest land, so that adverse effects are caused on the cultivated land and the forest land, and agricultural productivity is reduced. The salinization problem of soil and the secondary salinization problem of soil caused by irrigation are main obstacles for restricting the agricultural development of arid regions and are also important factors influencing the stability of ecological environment of oasis.
At present, the main means for improving the saline-alkali soil of the cultivated land is to wash and drip wash the land to reduce the salt content of the soil, and then plant saline-alkali tolerant crops, however, the method has higher requirements on water sources and irrigation conditions and limited application range, and water resources in new Shanganning areas and the like are difficult to meet the requirement of saline-alkali improvement. Therefore, the saline alkali improvement of the water resource-deficient area is mainly based on soil conditioning, alkali-resistant plants are planted and fertilizers are applied in a matched mode, however, the existing special fertilizer for saline alkali improvement is few in types and poor in effect, and the demand for the fertilizer with the effect of obviously improving the saline alkali soil is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner, which improves the soil structure of saline-alkali soil, reduces the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and promotes the growth of crops under the combined action of microorganisms and other components.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 50-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10-20 parts of cotton seed residue, 1-5 parts of trehalose and 0.5-2 parts of compound microbial agent.
Preferably, the compound microbial agent is a liquid microbial agent, and the total viable bacteria number of strains in the liquid microbial agent is not lowAt 1X 108CFU/mL; the total viable count of the bacterial strains in the saline-alkali soil conditioner is not less than 0.5 multiplied by 108CFU/g。
Preferably, the compound microbial agent comprises at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodotorula benthica. The number ratio of viable bacteria of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodotorula benthica in the compound microbial agent is (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): 1.
Further preferably, the number ratio of viable bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodotorula benthica in the compound microbial agent is 1:1:1: 1.
Preferably, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of cottonseed dregs, 5 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent.
Preferably, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of calcium superphosphate, 17 parts of cottonseed dregs, 2 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is a powdery organic fertilizer, and the fineness of the powdery organic fertilizer is 800-1000 meshes.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of the compound microbial agent and the sterilized trehalose to obtain an active microbial agent, and then uniformly mixing the powdery organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate, the cotton seed residue and the active microbial agent to obtain the compound microbial agent.
The invention protects the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in improving the saline-alkali soil in the dry land.
The invention protects the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the corn planting in the arid region.
The organic fertilizer comprises agricultural wastes, livestock and poultry manure, industrial wastes, household garbage, municipal sludge and the like, organic acid can be generated in the decomposition process of organic matters, and the solubility of anions in soil can be increased, so that the desalination is promoted. The organic fertilizer is preferably powdery organic powder, and the powdery organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting and decomposing organic fertilizer raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure or household garbage, sludge, vinasse, biogas residues and the like, crushing, mixing and packaging. The fineness of the powdery organic fertilizer is preferably 800-1000 meshes.
The application of calcium superphosphate can increase Ca in soil2+Concentration of Na is reduced+/Ca2+The concentration ratio of (A) to (B) can reduce Na to some extent+Harm to plant growth, promotion of plant growth, and increase of crop yield.
The cotton seed dregs have various nutrient components and higher nitrogen and phosphorus contents, and also contain rich fibers for decomposing the compound microbial agent, so that the cotton seed dregs can provide organic substances for saline-alkali soil and corresponding nutrients for crops, improve the soil structure and further improve the living environment of microorganisms in the soil.
Trehalose can be used as a structural component (such as a basic component of trehalose glycolipid, and participates in cell wall synthesis) in organisms, and can also be used as a substance for storing a carbon source and providing energy, so that the stress resistance of crops is improved.
The compound microbial agent adopts salt-tolerant strains including bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodotorula benthica. The Bacillus subtilis can reduce the soil moisture accumulation infiltration amount and the soil wetting front migration rate, increase the water retention performance and the soil water-stable aggregate of the soil and obviously reduce the salt content of the soil. Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) can produce endogenous spores, has strong heat resistance and stress resistance, and is ubiquitous on the surfaces of soil and plants. The bacillus licheniformis can rapidly propagate in the soil, increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the soil, improve the rhizosphere environment, promote the growth of plants and inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms. Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) can effectively increase soil nutrients, reduce the pH value of soil and change the composition and diversity of microbial communities. The rhodotorula benthica can generate active substances such as resolvase, solvent, acid and the like in the metabolic process, decompose organic matters and treat heavy metal ions through a self antioxidant system.
Metabolites (or mycorrhizal hyphae) secreted by microorganisms directly aggregate soil or are physically entangled to influence the formation and stability of a soil aggregate structure, and the microorganisms are an important catalyst and a prime mover for organic matter cementing soil aggregates. The basification of the soil changes the living environment of microorganisms, so that the characteristics of the species, the quantity, the physiological function and the like of the microorganisms in the soil environment are changed, and the physical properties and the structural stability of the soil are influenced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fertilizer can improve the structure of saline-alkali soil, promote the formation of soil aggregates, reduce the saline-alkali degree of the soil and improve the content of nutrient substances in the soil. Wherein, the organic matter can improve the soil structure and provide the plant with the nutrition needed for growth, and the calcium superphosphate can relieve the harm of the sodium salt of the soil and reduce the pH value of the soil. The compound microbial agent has the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium, or can be used for fixing nitrogen in cooperation with plants, the salt-tolerant microbial strains can convert elements in soil for the plants to utilize, the soil microbial community is optimized, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the soil fertility is improved, and the trehalose and the compound microbial agent are used for increasing the stress resistance of the plants in cooperation.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed descriptions will be made with reference to specific embodiments.
The technical solution and effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to experiments.
Example 1
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 60 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of cottonseed slag, 5 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the rhodotorula benthica have equal viable bacteria number.
Example 2
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 50 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 30 parts of calcium superphosphate, 17 parts of cottonseed slag, 2 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the rhodotorula benthica have equal viable bacteria number.
Example 3
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 60 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 17 parts of cottonseed slag, 2 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the rhodotorula benthica have equal viable bacteria number.
Example 4
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 70 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of cottonseed slag, 5 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the rhodotorula benthica have equal viable bacteria number.
Example 5
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 70 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of cottonseed slag, 4 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the rhodotorula benthica have equal viable bacteria number.
Example 6
Saline-alkali soil improvementThe agent is prepared from the following raw materials in proportion: 70 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 18 parts of cottonseed slag, 2 parts of trehalose and 0.5 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1.2 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the rhodotorula benthica have equal viable bacteria number.
Comparative example 1
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 60 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of cotton seed residue and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Rhodotorula benthica have equal viable count. In contrast to example 1, trehalose was not used in the starting material.
Comparative example 2
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 60 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of cottonseed slag, 5 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the number ratio of viable bacteria of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus plantarum is 1:1: 1. Compared with the embodiment 1, the rhodotorula benthica is not included in the compound microbial agent.
Comparative example 3
A saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by adopting the following raw materials in proportion: 75 parts of powdery organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent. The total viable count of the composite microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 1010CFU/mL, wherein the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the rhodotorula benthica have equal viable bacteria number. Compared with the embodiment 1, the cottonseed dregs are replaced by the same amount of powdery organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer used in the embodiment and the comparative example has the organic matter content of more than or equal to 45 percent and N + P2O5+K2O≥5.0％。
Examples 1 to 6 the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver includes the steps of: uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of the compound microbial agent and the sterilized trehalose to obtain an active microbial agent, and then uniformly mixing the powdery organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate, the cotton seed residue and the active microbial agent to obtain the compound microbial agent, wherein when the compound microbial agent is used, water is added according to 2 times of the total mass, and the mixture is uniformly stirred.
Test examples
Test site: xinjiang hot spring county Harri cloth is called Zhenxui and Taxiu village. The test plot was divided into multiple treatment zones and the salt and alkali modified fertilizers of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3 were used in combination with conventional fertilizers for corn planting at 30kg conditioner dose per acre.
Soil type: the pH value of the irrigated brown calcium soil is 8.4, the salt content is 1.35g/kg, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.56g/cm3。
Crop: maize, variety KWS 2564.
Selecting 2m in each region during corn harvest period2And (5) carrying out test production and seed test, and carrying out soil effect analysis by collecting soil at multiple points in each area. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis of soil improvement of corn planted in different treatments
The results in table 1 show that the fertilizer of example 1 is most effective in improving saline and alkaline land.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner in example 1 was subjected to a fertilizer efficiency test on corn crops to study the effect of the saline-alkali soil conditioner on the increase in yield of corn crops in arid saline-alkali regions.
Test site: xinjiang hot spring county Harri cloth is called Zhenxui and Taxiu village. Dividing the test into a plurality of treatment areas, each treatment area being 50m2Between adjacent processing regionsAn isolation belt is arranged.
Soil type: and (3) irrigating brown calcium soil and corn of the previous crop, wherein the organic matter content of the soil is 19.3g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 89mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 110mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 475mg/kg, and the pH value is 8.4.
Crop: maize, variety KWS 2564.
Fertilizing treatment:
treatment 1: example 1 saline alkali soil conditioner + decrement fertilization;
and (3) treatment 2: conventional fertilization treatment;
and (3) treatment: decrement fertilization (CK 1);
and (4) treatment: blank control (CK 2).
TABLE 2 concrete treatment method of different treatments
Field management: the cultivation is carried out for 2 times in the whole growth period, the water dropping is carried out for 8 times, the irrigation is carried out in a single row and in a single irrigation mode, and the farming operation of each treatment group is finished on the same day.
And (3) test results:
TABLE 3 results of different treatments of field survey and seed test
As can be seen from the above table, treatment 1 with the saline-alkali soil conditioner performed best in terms of the number of grains per ear, the grain weight of the ears, and the thousand grain weight of the corn. The number of grains per ear of treatment 1 was increased by 33.9 grains, 66.3 grains and 161.6 grains, respectively, compared with those of treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4, the weight of thousand grains was increased by 15.1 g, 40.5 g and 69.9 g, and the weight of grains per ear was increased by 20.2 g, 44.1 g and 83.8 g, respectively.
By applying the saline-alkali soil improver on the corn, the yield per mu is increased by 90.4 kilograms and increased by 9.0 percent compared with the conventional fertilization treatment on average; the fertilizer is increased by 217.5 kg and the yield is increased by 24.9 percent compared with the reduced fertilizer (CK 1); compared with the blank control (CK2), the yield is increased by 432.8 kg and increased by 65.7 percent.
By carrying out LSD multiple comparison on repeated results of different treatments, multiple comparison results show that the difference between the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 reaches a significant level, and the difference between the treatment 1 and the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 reaches a very significant level, which shows that the saline-alkali soil improver has an obvious yield increasing effect.
TABLE 4 economic benefit analysis of corn by different treatments
Through calculation, the increase of the income per mu of the treated rice 1 is increased by 121 yuan compared with the increase of the income per mu of the treated rice 2, and the economic benefit is obvious.
During harvesting, soil is collected at multiple points in each processing area, an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method is adopted for determining alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, and 0.5mol/LNaHCO is adopted for effective phosphorus3Leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance; the quick-acting potassium is 1mol/LNH4Ac leaching-flame photometry; the organic matter adopts a potassium dichromate volume-weight method; the salinity is measured by a gravimetric method (water-soil ratio is 5:1), and the pH is measured by a pH meter (water-soil ratio is 2.5: 1). The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 comparison of soil effects for different treatment applications
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in proportion: 50-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10-20 parts of cotton seed residue, 1-5 parts of trehalose and 0.5-2 parts of compound microbial agent.
2. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent is a liquid microbial agent, and the total viable count of strains in the liquid microbial agent is not less than 1 x 108CFU/mL; the total viable count of the bacterial strains in the saline-alkali soil conditioner is not less than 0.5 multiplied by 108CFU/g。
3. A saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the complex microbial inoculant comprises at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodotorula benthica; the number ratio of viable bacteria of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodotorula benthica in the compound microbial agent is (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): 1.
4. A saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 3, wherein the number ratio of viable bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodotorula benthica in the composite microbial inoculant is 1:1:1: 1.
5. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of cottonseed dregs, 5 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent.
6. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of calcium superphosphate, 17 parts of cottonseed dregs, 2 parts of trehalose and 1 part of compound microbial agent.
7. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is a powdery organic fertilizer, and the fineness of the powdery organic fertilizer is 800-1000 meshes.
8. A method for preparing a saline-alkali soil amendment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of the compound microbial agent and the sterilized trehalose to obtain an active microbial agent, and then uniformly mixing the powdery organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate, the cotton seed residue and the active microbial agent to obtain the compound microbial agent.
9. Use of the saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for improving saline-alkali soil in dry land.
10. Use of a saline-alkaline soil amendment according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in corn plantation in arid regions.
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| CN114605206A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-10 | 华中农业大学 | Acidified soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20211116 |