CN114342629A - Rapid cultivation method for new terrace soil in loess hilly area - Google Patents
Rapid cultivation method for new terrace soil in loess hilly area Download PDFInfo
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B11/00—Fertilisers produced by wet-treating or leaching raw materials either with acids in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solutions followed by neutralisation, or with alkaline lyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly fertilizing newly-repaired terrace soil in loess hilly areas, and belongs to the technical field of soil fertility improvement. The method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: deeply ploughing the land and then applying fertilizer; mixing sludge, cow dung and straws, and adding EM microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; applying the fermentation product above the fertilizer, and broadcasting a soil conditioner; adding healthy earthworms into the soil, and broadcasting a water-retaining agent. According to the invention, through reasonably blending the components such as the fertilizer, the soil conditioner, the water-retaining agent and the like, the raw materials interact with one another, and the steps supplement one another, so that the organic matter content, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, the water content and the like in the soil are all improved to a certain level, the soil fertility is improved, the soil structure is improved, and the method has an important significance for promoting the high-quality development of agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil fertility improvement, in particular to a method for quickly fertilizing soil in newly-built terraced fields in loess hilly areas.
Background
Building terraced fields in loess hilly areas can achieve the purposes of storing and reducing precipitation, reducing water and soil loss, improving ecological environment and developing agricultural production. However, the newly-repaired terrace usually has bare raw soil and seriously reduced soil fertility, which is reflected in poor soil air permeability and water permeability, low soil fertility, low organic matter content, less soil microorganisms and severe agricultural ecological environment of the soil, so that the growth and development conditions of crops are poor, the yield is low and unstable, and the production capacity of the farmland is seriously damaged. Therefore, effective methods for fertilizing and improving soil are needed to effectively promote the improvement of the cultivated land quality, so as to promote the sustainable development of regional agriculture.
The soil fertility improvement refers to a process of constructing a good soil body, cultivating a fertile plough layer and improving soil fertility and productivity through human production activities. The combination of land utilization and soil cultivation, and the combination of fertility decline prevention and soil treatment are the basic principles of soil fertility improvement. The concrete measures comprise: additionally applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure and reasonably applying chemical fertilizer; for some low-yield soil, the soil is improved by means of chemical modifiers and the like, and barrier factors are eliminated, so that the fertility level is improved; reasonable farming and rotation are carried out to adjust the nutrients and water in the soil and prevent certain nutrient deficiency and water-vapor imbalance; the soil is prevented from being polluted by heavy metals, pesticides and other pollutants; preventing various degradation phenomena such as water loss, soil erosion, secondary salinization, desertification, marshlization and the like. Therefore, how to rapidly fertilize the newly-built terrace soil in the loess hilly area so as to improve the soil structure, promote the content of organic matters and maintain a certain water content has very important significance for ecological environment protection and agricultural high-quality development in the returning hilly area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly fertilizing the newly-repaired terrace soil in the loess hilly area so as to solve the problems of poor air permeability and water permeability, low soil fertility, low organic matter content, less soil microorganisms and the like of the newly-repaired terrace soil. The method can improve the organic matter content, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and the water content in the soil, thereby improving the soil fertility, improving the soil structure, improving the soil quality in the loess hilly area and protecting the ecological environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for quickly fertilizing soil in newly-built terraced fields in loess hilly areas, which comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply loosening the land, and then applying fertilizer;
(2) mixing sludge, cow dung and straws, and adding EM microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(3) applying the fermentation product above the fertilizer, spreading a soil conditioner, and deeply ploughing the land;
(4) adding healthy earthworms into the soil, and broadcasting a water-retaining agent.
Further, in the step (1), the soil is deeply loosened by 50-70 cm, and then soil blocks are smashed and leveled, so that deep soil can be loosened, and the water storage capacity of the soil is improved.
Further, in the step (1), the application amount of the fertilizer is 3000-3500 kg/mu, and the fertilizer comprises the following components: sheep manure, urea, nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the urea, the nitrophosphate fertilizer, the potassium chloride and the ammonium sulfate is (15-20): 3-5): 1-3): 2-4): 1-3.
The application of the fertilizer can increase the nutrient content in the soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil through the action of microorganisms and improve the texture of the soil.
Further, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the sludge, the cow dung and the straws is (10-15): (5-10): 1-3), the dosage of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.2% of the total mass of the sludge, the cow dung and the straws, the fermentation temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 48-72 hours.
Further, in the step (3), the laying thickness of the fermentation product is 5-10 cm, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 100-200 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the depth of the deep ploughing land is 25-30 cm, and the purposes of deep fertilization and plough layer loosening are achieved.
Further, the soil conditioner is prepared from ammoniated humic acid, coal ash and chitosan according to the mass ratio of (5-10) to (3-5) to (4-6).
Further, in the step (4), the earthworms are watered after entering the soil, the soil moisture content is 20%, and the adding amount of the earthworms is 2000 pieces/mu.
Further, in the step (4), the water-retaining agent comprises sodium polyacrylate, zinc oxide and sodium persulfate, and the amount of the water-retaining agent is 10-20 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sodium polyacrylate, the zinc oxide and the sodium persulfate is 50 (0.1-0.2) to (0.3-0.5).
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention carries out deep ploughing on the soil, can loosen the soil, thicken the plough layer and improve the water, gas and heat conditions of the soil; soil can be cured, the soil nutrition condition is improved, and the effective fertility of the soil is improved; is favorable for establishing good soil structure, eliminating weeds and preventing and killing pests. The tillage depth needs to be adjusted according to local conditions, the conditions of soil texture, plough layer, fertilizer and the like need to be considered, the tillage depth is strictly controlled, and favorable conditions are provided for subsequent steps.
The fertilizer components of the invention comprise sheep manure, urea, nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate, which not only provides rich organic fertilizer, but also provides a certain proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace sulfur element, which is helpful for improving soil structure and enriching soil components. The addition of the EM microbial inoculum can decompose organic substances in sludge, cow dung and straws, and can convert organic substances in soil into amino acid, carbohydrate (saccharide) and the like, so that the organic substances in the soil are fully utilized, the soil fertility is increased, the physical properties and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the soil capacity is reduced, and the water permeability and water retention capacity of the soil are enhanced.
The soil conditioner contains ammoniated humic acid, fly ash and chitosan, wherein humic acid substances have colloid properties, can form aggregates with aggregates and micro-aggregates in soil through flocculation, reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the porosity, ensure that the soil has good permeability, and are beneficial to the regulation of water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions in the soil; functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and the like in the humic acid have stronger ion exchange and adsorption capacities, can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen and improve the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer; humic acid also has the function of activating potassium, can slowly decompose potassium fertilizer, and increases the release amount of potassium. The fly ash and the chitosan also have the effects of reducing the volume weight of the soil, increasing the porosity of the soil, reducing the water loss of the soil and the like, and the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is further improved due to the adjustment effect of the water retention agent on the water content of the soil.
According to the invention, earthworms are added into soil, so that the earthworms can degrade and evacuate pollutants in the soil, and meanwhile, the earthworm dung contains 1.4%, 1% and 1% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 46% of humic acid, 23 kinds of amino acids and abundant earthworm protease, and also contains a certain amount of beneficial microorganisms, and has the characteristics of uniform particles, air permeability, water retention, no smell, sanitation, lasting fertilizer efficiency and the like. The earthworm enzyme in the earthworm cast can also kill virus, harmful bacteria and substances which have the effect of inhibiting the growth of plants in soil, and the earthworm cast is an ideal natural biological fertilizer.
The method adopts a series of fertilizing measures of deep ploughing land, applying fertilizer, applying sludge, fermentation products of cow dung and rice straw, applying soil conditioner in a scattering way, adding earthworms, applying water-retaining agent in a scattering way and the like, reasonably prepares the components of the fertilizer, the soil conditioner, the water-retaining agent and the like, and the raw materials interact with each other, and the steps supplement each other, so that the organic matter content, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content, the water content and the like in the soil are improved to a certain level, the soil fertility is improved, the soil structure is improved, and the method has important significance for promoting the development of agriculture and forestry.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the invention, all raw materials are conventional commercial products.
Example 1
The method for quickly fertilizing the newly-repaired terrace soil in the loess hilly area comprises the following specific steps:
(1) deeply loosening 60cm of land, then smashing and leveling soil blocks, and then applying fertilizers, wherein the fertilizers are sheep manure, urea, nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate, and the application amount is 3200 kg/mu according to the mass ratio of 16:4:2:3: 2;
(2) mixing sludge, cow dung and straws according to a mass ratio of 13:6:2, adding EM microbial inoculum (the addition amount is 0.2 percent of the total mass of the sludge, cow dung and straws) for fermentation at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 72 hours to obtain a fermentation product;
(3) applying the fermentation product above the fertilizer, paving the fertilizer with the thickness of 10cm, and spreading a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by ammoniated humic acid, fly ash and chitosan according to the mass ratio of 8:4:5, the application amount is 45 kg/mu, and deep ploughing the land by 25 cm;
(4) adding 500 healthy earthworms into soil, watering after the earthworms enter the soil, wherein the water content of the soil is 20%, and spreading a water-retaining agent, wherein the water-retaining agent is prepared from sodium polyacrylate, zinc oxide and sodium persulfate according to the mass ratio of 50:0.1:0.4, and the using amount is 15 kg/mu.
Example 2
The fertilizer is prepared from sheep manure, urea, a nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 15:5:1:4:1, and is the same as the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The fertilizer is prepared from sheep manure, urea, a nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 20:3:3:2:3, and is different from the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The difference of the method is that the soil conditioner is prepared by ammoniated humic acid, fly ash and chitosan according to the mass ratio of 5:5:4 as in example 1.
Example 5
The difference of the method is that the soil conditioner is prepared by ammoniated humic acid, fly ash and chitosan according to the mass ratio of 10:3:6 as in example 1.
Example 6
The difference of the method is that the water-retaining agent is prepared from sodium polyacrylate, zinc oxide and sodium persulfate according to the mass ratio of 50:0.2:0.3 in the same example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that no EM inoculum is added.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that no soil conditioner is added.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that no earthworms were added.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that no water-retaining agent is added.
Effect verification
Relevant indexes of the new terrace soil in the loess hilly area of each example and the comparative example are detected, and a control group is set, only the same fertilizer as that in example 1 is applied to the control group, and other fertilizing measures are not carried out. The detection indexes comprise the organic matter content (NYT 1121.6-2006), the total nitrogen (HJ 717-.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the method for fertilizing the newly-built terrace soil in the loess hilly area can effectively improve the organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and water content in the soil, thereby providing a favorable environment for plant growth.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quickly fertilizing new terraced fields in loess hilly areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) deeply loosening the land, and then applying fertilizer;
(2) mixing sludge, cow dung and straws, and adding EM microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(3) applying the fermentation product above the fertilizer, spreading a soil conditioner, and deeply ploughing the land;
(4) adding healthy earthworms into the soil, and broadcasting a water-retaining agent.
2. The method for rapidly fertilizing soil in newly-built terraced fields in loess hilly areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the soil is deeply loosened by 50-70 cm, and then the soil blocks are broken and leveled.
3. The method for rapidly fertilizing soil in newly-built terraced fields in loess hilly areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the application amount of the fertilizer is 3000-3500 kg/mu, and the fertilizer comprises the following components: sheep manure, urea, nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate.
4. The method for rapidly fertilizing the newly-built terrace soil in the loess hilly area as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the urea, the nitrophosphate, the potassium chloride and the ammonium sulfate is (15-20): 3-5): 1-3): 2-4: 1-3.
5. The method for rapidly fertilizing soil in a newly-built terrace in a loess hilly area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the mass ratio of the sludge, the cow dung and the straws is (10-15): (5-10): (1-3), the amount of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.2% of the total mass of the sludge, the cow dung and the straws, the fermentation temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 48-72 hours.
6. The method for rapidly fertilizing soil in newly-built terraced fields in loess hilly areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the fermentation product is laid to a thickness of 5-10 cm, and the soil conditioner is applied in an amount of 100-200 kg/mu; the depth of the deep ploughing land is 25-30 cm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared from ammoniated humic acid, fly ash and chitosan at a mass ratio of (5-10) to (3-5) to (4-6).
8. The method for rapidly fertilizing soil in newly-built terraced fields in loess hilly areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), said earthworms are watered after entering the soil, the soil moisture content is 20%, and the addition amount of said earthworms is 2000 pieces/mu.
9. The method for rapidly fertilizing soil in newly-built terraced fields in loess hilly areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the raw materials of the water-retaining agent comprise sodium polyacrylate, zinc oxide and sodium persulfate, and the amount of the water-retaining agent is 10-20 kg/mu.
10. The method for rapidly fertilizing soil in a new terrace built in a loess hilly area as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of sodium polyacrylate, zinc oxide and sodium persulfate is 50 (0.1-0.2) to (0.3-0.5).
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| CN115353888A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-18 | 山东省农业科学院 | Functional water-retaining agent for salinized farmland and preparation method and application thereof |
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