CN113475182A - Improvement method of sulfate type saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Improvement method of sulfate type saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113475182A CN113475182A CN202110794882.3A CN202110794882A CN113475182A CN 113475182 A CN113475182 A CN 113475182A CN 202110794882 A CN202110794882 A CN 202110794882A CN 113475182 A CN113475182 A CN 113475182A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an improvement method of sulfate saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) excavating soil according to engineering specifications, excavating the soil to be treated to a nearby soil stacking area, laying an underground drainage and salt discharge system and an outer packing filter material under the excavated soil block to be repaired, and preparing an inspection well and a water collecting well; 2) fully and uniformly mixing the prepared soil conditioner and the stacked soil, and then performing earthwork backfilling and land leveling work; 3) and (4) setting up a sprinkling irrigation system, laying irrigation pipelines, and laying a mulching film on the soil and the upper layers of the pipelines for covering. Through reasonable irrigation, salt collecting system and soil amendment are arranged to the collocation concealed conduit, can reach the effect of improvement saline and alkaline soil after a period: the pH value and the salt content of the soil are reduced, the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the activities of urease and phosphatase are improved; in the aspect of physical property expression of soil, the volume weight and fractal dimension of the soil are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil environment protection, in particular to a method for improving sulfate saline-alkali soil.
Background
China's saline soil distributes extensively, and coverage area and influence are wider, and saline-alkali soil is the salt content in the soil and reaches certain content to can cause the obstacle type soil of certain degree harmful effects to fields such as ecological environment, engineering construction, wherein the sulphate type saline and alkaline land shows: obvious salt frost on the surface of the earth, fluffy state, white needle-like substances when wet, fluffy powder when dry, easy to blow away by wind and foot sinking when people walk. The salt of the sulfate type salinized soil can migrate, accumulate and recrystallize when the temperature changes, so that the structure of the salinized soil becomes loose under the repeated action of periodic volume expansion and shrinkage, the embedding effect among particles is weakened, and the cohesive force of the soil body is directly reduced. In the aspect of engineering construction, the salt swelling of the sulfate foundation and the saline soil can corrode the roadbed material after meeting water; the phase state of the contained lyotropic salt is easily influenced to change the engineering property; the quality of engineering project construction is affected by the collapsibility, hygroscopicity and poor soil quality of saline-alkali soil.
The saline-alkali soil treatment method mainly comprises a physical improvement method, a chemical improvement method and a biological improvement method, and also comprises agricultural improvement measures, water conservancy improvement measures, comprehensive improvement projects and the like. Numerous studies have shown that: the soil conditioner is reasonably applied, the obstacle soil can be effectively improved, the salt accumulation in the soil can be reduced, and the like, meanwhile, the appropriate irrigation and drainage measures are matched according to the local conditions and engineering properties such as physicochemical properties, compaction performance, salt expansion accumulation and the like of saline-alkali soil to be improved according to needs, and the sulfate saline-alkali soil is improved by using the chemical conditioner and matching with a comprehensive treatment means of water diversion and salt washing, so that the foundation of the improved saline-alkali soil is better utilized, and the method has profound significance for developing in-situ greening and construction engineering in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for improving sulfate saline-alkali soil, which is green, environment-friendly, water-saving and efficient, can play a role in reducing the pH and the salt content of soil and preliminarily relieving and improving the soil salinization phenomenon, and also can play a role in improving the physical properties of the soil, improving the soil body structure, increasing the soil fertility and optimizing the microbial environment of the soil.
Based on the above problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the invention provides an improvement method of sulfate saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) excavating soil according to engineering specifications, excavating the soil to be treated to a nearby soil stacking area, laying an underground drainage and salt discharge system and an outer packing filter material under the excavated soil block to be repaired, and preparing an inspection well and a water collecting well;
2) the prepared soil conditioner is sprayed on the surface of the stacked soil according to the repairing volume of the earthwork and the specified use amount of the conditioner, is fully and uniformly mixed with the stacked soil, and then earthwork backfilling and land leveling work is carried out;
3) setting up a drenching and irrigating system, laying irrigation pipelines, and laying a mulching film on the soil and the upper layers of the pipelines for covering;
4) through reasonable irrigation, the salt-discharging and water-collecting system with the concealed pipes and the soil conditioner are matched, and the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil can be achieved after a period of time.
The underground drainage and salt discharge system in the step 1) is a concealed conduit salt discharge engineering system, only irrigation measures are applied, the drainage system is not matched, underground water rises, the phenomenon of salt return of soil plough layers can occur along with growth and development of planted plants, the repairing and improving effects are greatly influenced, when the irrigation salt pressing measures are combined with concealed conduit drainage, the desalting effect can be obviously improved, salt is leached to the underground concealed conduit drainage system, the salt content of improved soil is reduced, and the phenomenon that the treated salt is permeated upwards is prevented.
The selection of the concealed pipe and the outer-coated filter material has good water permeability, the outer-coated filter material has the effect of preventing fine particles of soil from permeating, and the parameters such as the buried depth of the concealed pipe, the laying distance of the concealed pipe, the laying thickness and the particle size of the filter material are reasonably determined according to relevant regulations, the type and the characteristics of the soil to be repaired in the treatment and repair land and the planning type of the soil after repair. Preferably, the plastic single-wall corrugated pipe for farmland drainage is selected as the concealed pipe, the buried depth is 1.8-2 m, the distance is 50-65 m, the angle between the direction and the underground water flow is 60-70 degrees, and the gradient of the pipe is 0.5-1 per mill. The inner diameter of a water collecting pipe connected with the water collecting well is 18cm, and the slope drop is 0.5-1.0 per mill. In the step 1), the thickness of the outer-coated filter material is 8-10 cm. The land leveling requirement is that certain leveling precision is achieved, and the gradient of the field surface is required to be uniform and consistent.
The soil conditioner mainly comprises the following components: 12-15 parts of powdery bentonite, 8-14 parts of decomposed cow dung, 9-12 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-5 parts of vinegar residue and 0.5-1 part of surfactant. Wherein the amount of the soil conditioner is 7-12 g/kg. The bentonite is powdery calcium bentonite, and the montmorillonite content is 85%; the calcium superphosphate is in a powdery state, has high water solubility, has the pH value of 2.55 at 50g/L, and has the effective phosphorus content of more than 18 percent; the vinegar residue is residue obtained after vinegar is made in vinegar field, and is mainly prepared from sorghum husk and residue of other cereals by acetic fermentation; the surfactant is selected from one of high-efficiency and environment-friendly biosurfactant or novel gemini surfactant. Due to the ion exchange effect and the adsorbability of the calcareous bentonite, the calcareous bentonite can repair saline-alkali soil and improve the saline-alkali soil due to the characteristic of poor physical property; the calcium superphosphate not only can improve saline-alkali soil by ion replacement, but also can increase the content of the soil phosphorus calcium; the decomposed cow dung serving as the organic fertilizer contains rich nutrients, increases organic matters of soil, improves the soil texture and physical and chemical properties of the soil, enables the soil to have good air permeability and fertilizer retention, and has the advantages of ecological environment friendliness, low cost and obvious effect; the vinegar residue and the surfactant can play a certain role in improving the leaching effect. The soil conditioner is comprehensively shown to be used for repairing the sulfate type saline-alkali soil, the effects of reducing the pH value of the soil and stably keeping the pH value for a long time can be achieved within a short time, meanwhile, the water infiltration is assisted, the salt leaching is promoted, and certain effect and effect are achieved on improving the adverse properties of the sulfate type saline-alkali soil to a certain extent.
In the step 2), a soil screening machine such as a laru hopper is used for fully and uniformly mixing the soil conditioner and the stacked soil, and a fog gun device is added in the process, so that the environmental problem caused by dust is prevented.
The indexes of the improved sulfate saline-alkali soil are characterized by but not limited to soil pH value, salt content, cation exchange capacity, organic matters, urease, alkaline phosphatase, soil volume weight, soil fractal dimension and the like.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a sulfate type alkaline earth soil restoration method, which carries out comprehensive improvement and restoration on sulfate type alkaline earth soil by using treatment means such as soil conditioner adding, Alloguo soil screening and mixing machine, irrigation, concealed pipe salt discharge and the like.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1: a method for improving sulfate saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner mainly comprises the following components: the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing 12 parts of powdery bentonite, 10 parts of decomposed cow dung, 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of vinegar residue and 0.8 part of surfactant in parts by mass.
(2) Excavating soil according to engineering specifications, excavating the soil to be treated to a nearby soil stacking area by using an excavator, laying underground pipes and outer-wrapped filter materials under the excavated soil block to be repaired, wherein the underground pipes are made of farmland drainage plastic single-wall corrugated pipes, the inner diameter of each underground pipe is 11cm, the buried depth of each underground pipe is 1.8m, the interval of each underground pipe is 60m, the angle between the direction of each underground pipe and underground water flow is 60-70 degrees, and the slope drop of each pipeline is 0.5 per thousand; the inner diameter of the water collecting pipe is 18cm, the slope drop is 1.0 thousandth, the thickness of the filter material coated outside is 8-10cm, and meanwhile, matched systems such as an inspection well and a water collecting well are prepared.
(3) And (3) spraying the prepared soil conditioner on the surface of the stacked soil according to the repairing volume of the earthwork and the specified use amount of the conditioner, fully and uniformly mixing the soil conditioner and the stacked soil by using an Alloup or other soil screening machines, and then performing earthwork backfilling and land leveling work.
(4) And (3) building a sprinkling irrigation system, reasonably arranging irrigation pipelines, selecting a small number of rules of multiple irrigation due to sufficient construction period, controlling the irrigation water amount, and laying mulching films frequently used in agricultural production on the upper layers of soil and pipelines for covering.
(5) Through reasonable irrigation, the salt-discharging and water-collecting system with the concealed pipes and the soil conditioner are matched, and the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil can be achieved after a period of time.
After the operation according to the method, the physical, chemical and biological index conditions of the surface soil after one month are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 physical, chemical and biological indexes of surface soil
The table shows that the improvement method can reduce the pH value and the salt content of the soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil and improve the activities of urease and phosphatase; in the aspect of soil physical property expression, after the method is applied, the volume weight of the soil and the fractal dimension of the soil are reduced, and the effect of improving the soil physical property can be realized after the method is used.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving sulfate saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) excavating soil according to engineering specifications, excavating the soil to be treated to a nearby soil stacking area, laying an underground drainage and salt discharge system and an outer packing filter material under the excavated soil block to be repaired, and preparing an inspection well and a water collecting well;
2) the prepared soil conditioner is sprayed on the surface of the stacked soil according to the repairing volume of the earthwork and the specified use amount of the conditioner, is fully and uniformly mixed with the stacked soil, and then earthwork backfilling and land leveling work is carried out;
3) setting up a drenching and irrigating system, laying irrigation pipelines, and laying a mulching film on the soil and the upper layers of the pipelines for covering;
4) through reasonable irrigation, the salt-discharging and water-collecting system with the concealed pipes and the soil conditioner are matched, and the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil can be achieved after a period of time.
2. The method for improving a sulfate type saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: the underground water drainage and salt discharge system in the step 1) is a concealed conduit salt discharge engineering system.
3. The method for improving a sulfate type saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein: the hidden pipe is made of farmland drainage plastic single-wall corrugated pipe, the buried depth is 1.8-2 m, the distance is 50-65 m, the angle between the direction and underground water flow is 60-70 degrees, and the slope drop of the pipeline is 0.5-1 per thousand.
4. The method for improving a sulfate type saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein: the inner diameter of a water collecting pipe connected with the water collecting well is 18cm, and the slope drop is 0.5-1.0 per mill.
5. The method for improving a sulfate type saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the thickness of the outer-coated filter material is 8-10 cm.
6. The method for improving a sulfate type saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12-15 parts of powdery bentonite, 8-14 parts of decomposed cow dung, 9-12 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-5 parts of vinegar residue and 0.5-1 part of surfactant.
7. The method for improving a sulfate saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein: the amount of the soil conditioner is 7-12 g/kg.
8. The method for improving a sulfate saline-alkali soil according to claim 7, wherein: in the step 2), the soil conditioner and the stacked soil are fully and uniformly mixed by using a soil sieving machine, and a fog gun device is added in the process.
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| CN202110794882.3A CN113475182A (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2021-07-14 | Improvement method of sulfate type saline-alkali soil |
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| CN202110794882.3A CN113475182A (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2021-07-14 | Improvement method of sulfate type saline-alkali soil |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115004982A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-06 | 威海智洁环保技术有限公司 | Low-carbon, environment-friendly and efficient saline-alkali soil restoration method based on radiation refrigeration |
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2021
- 2021-07-14 CN CN202110794882.3A patent/CN113475182A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115004982A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-06 | 威海智洁环保技术有限公司 | Low-carbon, environment-friendly and efficient saline-alkali soil restoration method based on radiation refrigeration |
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Application publication date: 20211008 |