CN105684589A

CN105684589A - Method for improving saline-alkali soil by means of tree branches

Info

Publication number: CN105684589A
Application number: CN201610072467.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 倪细炉; 李志刚; 李健; 朱嵬; 李昌晓; 王翠平
Original assignee: NINGXIA FORESTRY INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Current assignee: NINGXIA FORESTRY INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-02-02
Filing date: 2016-02-02
Publication date: 2016-06-22

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving saline-alkali soil by means of tree branches. The method comprises the following steps that 1, the tree branches are taken and pulverized into fragments through a pulverizer, and the fragments serve as a tree pulverized material for use; 2, the saline-alkali soil is deep plowed, so that soil in a plowing layer is loosened; 3, the tree pulverized material obtained in the step 1 is added to the saline-alkali soil of 0-20 cm according to the mass fraction of 3.0%-5.0%, the materials are mixed to be uniform, and then the surface of the soil is covered with 1-2 cm of the tree pulverized material; 4, the saline-alkali soil can be used for planting after land irrigation, salt leaching and alkali removing are conducted. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by means of the tree branches is low in repair cost, small in work amount and convenient to operate and cannot cause secondary pollution; for the defects in the prior art, the pulverized material of the branches obtained through tree pruning serves as the soil improving material, and meanwhile irrigation measures are matched with the method to achieve the salt leaching and alkali removing effects, therefore, by means of the method, the annual average salt removing rate of the saline-alkali can reach 30% or above.

Description

A kind of method utilizing forest branch improvement salt-soda soil

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing forest branch improvement salt-soda soil。

Background technology

Along with global climate warms up increasingly sharpening of problem, soil salinization problem has become the global problem that various countries are concerned about。China's salination area is about 100,000,000 hm², account for the 10% of whole world salt-soda soil area, saline-alkali soil causes that Soil structure destroys after being formed, and soil organic matter content is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons that crop is harmful to is many so that crop not easily grow or survive after yield underground。Therefore, the improvement in salt-soda soil becomes problem demanding prompt solution。

Currently, alkaline land improving has very many-sided research, and existing measure specifically includes that the field irrigation water conservancy facility of 1. Erecting and improving, or ditch in soil layer underground, salt-soda soil, bury hidden pipe underground, form closed drainage layer, ensureing not hydropenia in dry season, rainy season is hydrops not, it is prevented that saliferous generation。2. the mode of chemical modifying, the such as U.S. of some developed countries, Australia are on solonchak, chemical improvement agent is executed especially on alkaline earth, such as Gypsum Fibrosum, sulphuric acid, slag ardealite, because land type is different, sowing amount is also different, time of application length depends on the experience of locality and the situation of fund, as: the impermeable stratum injecting polyacrylic acid lipoprotein solution and Zinc fractions in soil is studied by Tokyo Univ Japan, thus reducing the evaporation of soil moisture, reduce salinity to accumulate to table soil with capillary evaporation, make crop yield substantially increase。3. biological, Ecological Measures, improves the utilization rate to salinized soil by agro-farming, plantation Salt tolerant plants, and such as Inst of Geographic Science and Resources, Chiense Academy of Sciences Kang Yue tiger utilizes saline groundwater resource pilot development salt tolerant glutinous corn variety in North China Plain district。The improvement of salt-soda soil salinity is had certain effect by above-mentioned measure to a certain extent, but mainly there is problems: 1. fresh water demand is big, and limitation is big；2. costly, improved effect is not lasting, and side effect is obvious；3. only it is conceived to the removal of soil salt ion, improves without to Soil structure and soil nutrient etc. simultaneously。

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method utilizing forest branch improvement salt-soda soil, alkaline land improving effect can be made obvious, soil salt and pH value substantially reduce, and soil quality (structure, space, retentiveness and nutrient content) develops to the direction of healthy soil。

A kind of method utilizing forest branch improvement salt-soda soil, it is particular in that, comprises the steps:

(1) taking forest branch, size-reduced machine is ground into fragment, stand-by as forest ground product；

(2) salt-soda soil is ploughed deeply, so that topsoil loosens；

(3) the forest ground product that step (1) obtains is incorporated in the salt-soda soil of 0-20cm according to mass fraction 3.0-5.0%, mix homogeneously, then cover 1-2cm forest ground product at soil surface；

(4) pour water irrigate the fields, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching row alkali after get final product plant utilization。

Step (1) middle forest wood powder minces diameter 1-3mm, and length is 20-30mm。

The inventive method rehabilitation cost is low, quantities is little, operation is convenient and will not form secondary pollution, its defect existed for prior art, obtained branch ground product is pruned for soil improvement material with forest, supporting irrigation practice simultaneously is to reach the effect of desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching row's alkali, and uses the method that salt-soda soil annual salt rejection rate can be made to reach more than 30%。The method goes for the arable farming of salt-soda soil, land for growing field crops, the cultivation of facility salinization soil and saline-alkali soil forestation etc., for popularization ecological method, salt-soda soil is carried out improvement and has established technical foundation。The inventive method can promote the sustainable use in salt-soda soil, and improvement cost is low, quantities is little, operation is convenient。

Detailed description of the invention

The method of the invention includes two measures: the pulverizing of measure (1) forest branch；(2) turning over of forest branch ground product is buried；The covering of measure (3) forest fragment；Measure (4) pour water irrigate the fields, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching row alkali。Wherein measure (2) and measure (3) select forest branch to mix with salt affected soil, and wherein forest branch can select the pruning branch of local common various trees, poplar-branch as relatively common in northern area。Measure (2) is undertaken mixing to turn over burying by the saline-alkali soil of forest branch ground product with 0-20cm (referring to the degree of depth from ground to underground), and embedment amount is 3.0-5.0% (mass fraction)；Measure (3) covers soil surface for forest branch ground product, and cladding thickness is 1-2cm；Measure (4) can according to plantation crop choice flood irrigation or supporting drip irrigation or equipment of sprinkler irrigation are installed, make plant growth key Soil conservation in season moisten。Measure (2), measure (3) and measure (4) be not all by the restriction in season。

The present invention enforcement by above-mentioned two measure, measure (2), measure (3) and measure (4) need to organically combine, the effect of three is mutually promoted, and can not lack any one measure, otherwise affects the improved effect of saline-alkali soil to a great extent。

The present invention is that after being mixed with forest branch ground product in a kind of method of alkaline land improving, particularly saline-alkali soil, soil physical properties is effectively improved, and field capacity increases, unit weight reduces, soil porosity increases。It addition, forest branch is in the process slowly decomposed, soil nutrient is also in further increase。The measure of burying of turning over of forest branch is conducive to pouring water when irrigating the fields by the salt ion drip washing removal in soil, the covering that upper soll layer forest branch is pulverized then advantageously reduces soil evaporation, deep subsoil salinity is suppressed to return arable layer, this inventive method is simple to operation, and Soil Desalting rate is higher, reaches more than 30%。

If it is broad irrigation that measure in the present invention (4) adopts, then measure (4) needs to carry out after measure (2) and measure (3) have implemented 15-20 days, and main purpose is the branch ground product float in broad irrigation covered in Prevention method (3)；The surface of the wood flour in the effect of 15-20 days microbial decomposition, measure (3) can be bonded together mutually, and has certain adhesion with soil, at this moment just can carry out broad irrigation。If it is drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation that measure in the present invention (4) adopts, then measure (4) just can be implemented after measure (2) and measure (3) have been implemented。

Through the salt affected soil of the inventive method improvement, just having obvious effect pouring water to irrigate the fields after 1 time, in soil, total salt content substantially reduces。As described in the method, the dynamic change of long-term fixed point monitoring soil salt, the annual average salt rejection rate of saline-alkali soil reaches more than 30%, and meanwhile, soil moisture content also improves。

Embodiment 1:

The change of salinity in saline-alkali soil:

Select poplar-branch ground product (diameter 1-3mm, length 20-30mm), forest fragment is added in salt affected soil by the mass fraction according to 4.0%, mix homogeneously with 0-20cm saline-alkali soil (referring to the degree of depth from ground to underground), and by prepartion of land, then cover the thick forest ground product of 2cm at soil surface, sprinkling irrigation is installed in this region, except natural precipitation, monthly timing sprays the rainfall of 30mm。The dynamic change of soil salt is monitored continuously from May to October。

Behind repaired 1 year of salt-soda soil, the soil mean salt amount of 0-30cm is reduced to 0.78% from 1.15%, and Soil Desalting rate reaches 31.93%；0-30cm water-retaining quantity among field of soil increases to 27.9% from 21.9%, and the soil weight is from 1.52g/cm³Drop to 1.43g/cm³, soil porosity increases to 50.57% from 42.57%。

Embodiment 2:

Reclamation of salinep-alkali soil process is all undertaken by embodiment 1, be different in that alkaline land improving mode has three kinds, respectively 1. cover the thick forest ground product of 2cm, 2. add the forest ground product of 4.0%, 3. cover the forest ground product of forest fragment+interpolation 4.0% thick for 2cm；Additionally, salt-soda soil is not provided with irrigation practice, except natural precipitation, do not increase irrigation。

The dynamic change of soil salt is monitored continuously from May to October。The comparison soil mean salt amount of 0-30cm is 2.46%, and 1., 2. and 3. ameliorative measure makes soil salt content respectively 2.71%, 2.30% and 2.14%, and measure effect 3. is best, and under non-irrigated condition, the salt rejection rate of soil reaches 12.99%；Under this measure, 0-30cm water-retaining quantity among field of soil increases to 24.84% from 21.31%, and the soil weight is from 1.52g/cm³Drop to 1.40g/cm³, soil porosity increases to 47.14% from 42.64%。

Comparative example 1:

This comparative example gives soil interpolation corn stalk powder and minces and the impact on improving salt affected soil of the poplar-branch ground product, and by relative analysis, the improving effect to salt-soda soil that adds disclosing forest ground product is better than the interpolation of straw。

The forest ground product and the corn stalk powder that select poplar-branch pulverizing mince, add in salt affected soil according to the mass fraction of 3.0% respectively, mix homogeneously with 0-20cm saline-alkali soil, and by prepartion of land, then the thick identical fragment of 2cm is covered at soil surface respectively, in the way of broad irrigation, this region being irrigated, irrigation frequency is 3 times。The dynamic change of soil salt is monitored continuously from July to October。

Result shows: be respectively provided with obvious effect by adding corn straw fragment and poplar-branch fragment to improving salt affected soil, the mean salt amount in salt-soda soil is 1.34%, by add corn stalk powder mince improvement after salt-soda soil salinity be 0.97%, being 0.89% by the salt-soda soil salinity after interpolation poplar-branch ground product improvement, therefore the improved effect to salt-soda soil that adds of forest ground product is better than the improved effect that straw adds。Compared with the control, mincing by adding poplar-branch ground product and corn stalk powder respectively, 0-30cm water-retaining quantity among field of soil increases respectively to 28.54% and 34.41% from 22.95%, and the soil weight is from 1.49g/cm³Drop to 1.35g/cm respectively³And 1.07g/cm³, soil porosity increases respectively to 49.05% and 52.43 from 43.59%。

Claims

1. the method utilizing forest branch improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

(2) salt-soda soil is ploughed deeply, so that topsoil loosens；

2. a kind of method utilizing forest branch improvement salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) middle forest wood powder minces diameter 1-3mm, and length is 20-30mm。