CN112889384A

CN112889384A - Saline-alkali soil improvement technology

Info

Publication number: CN112889384A
Application number: CN201911186638.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张润田
Original assignee: Shanxi Tianfeng Shengde Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanxi Tianfeng Shengde Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-19
Filing date: 2019-11-19
Publication date: 2021-06-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement technology in the technical field of soil salinization, (1) deep ploughing is carried out on a saline-alkali soil before rainy season, and a soil plough layer uses the saline-alkali soil improvement agent in the deep ploughing process; (2) spraying a soil surfactant on the surface layer of the ploughed soil; (3) uniformly spreading the crushed straws on the surface layer of the ploughed soil; (4) after the modifier fully reacts with the soil for a period of time (3-4 weeks), fully irrigating for 2-3 times by fresh water under the condition of a conditional condition, and leaching the salt; the invention comprehensively utilizes farming, physical, chemical and biological improvement methods, changes the structure of upper soil by the farming method, adds soil conditioner to condition the chemical property of the soil, forms a hydrophobic covering layer on the surface layer of the soil by utilizing plant straws, ensures the infiltration of water, prevents the evaporation of water and prevents the salt return, has simple and convenient operation in the whole process, reduces the times of manual operation, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil and realizes the comprehensive treatment of the salinized soil.

Description

Saline-alkali soil improvement technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil salinization, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improvement technology.

Background

The problem of soil salinization is a world problem and also an important agricultural environment problem in China, and saline-alkali soil in China is widely distributed, wherein the salinized soil of cultivated land occupies 760 uha, which occupies 1/5 of the cultivated land area. The salinization of soil causes the physiological damage of plants and has great influence on agricultural production. The existing soil improvement methods generally comprise water conservancy project improvement technology, agricultural cultivation improvement technology and the like. The problems are difficult to solve by the traditional single improvement measures due to the complex formation reason of the saline-alkali soil, and the chemical, tillage and biological measures are comprehensively used in the production, so that the method is an effective method and development trend for improving the saline-alkali soil;

at present, a plurality of methods for improving the saline-alkali soil are adopted, wherein Na + and CO 32-ions in the saline-alkali soil are replaced and gathered through an ion exchange principle, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved; the plant straws and the green manure are used for improving the soil fertility and improving the soil structure; by adopting a leaching drainage method of hydraulic engineering, the method mainly removes salt in soil, and the existing method has the problems of long improvement period, high cost, slow effect, easy occurrence of saline-alkali return after improvement and the like;

therefore, a saline-alkali soil improvement technology is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil improvement technology to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a saline-alkali soil improvement technology comprises the following operation steps:

(1) deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil before rainy season, wherein the saline-alkali soil conditioner is used in a soil plough layer in the deep ploughing process;

(2) spraying a soil surfactant on the surface layer of the ploughed soil;

(3) uniformly spreading the crushed straws on the surface layer of the ploughed soil;

(4) after the modifier fully reacts with the soil for a period of time (3-4 weeks), under the condition of condition, fully irrigating for 2-3 times by fresh water, and leaching salt.

Preferably, the test material: in the test, 1000g/m2 of 28 percent calcium sulfate, 10ml/m2 of soil conditioner and 3cm of maximum diameter of corn stalk particles are used.

Preferably, the experimental design: the test plot had an area of 100m2 per cell, and two treatments, control and improvement, were set for 3 replicates for a total of 6 cells.

Preferably, the amount of calcium sulfate used is such that the calcium ion content of the soil layer reaches 60% of the cation exchange capacity.

Preferably, the special humic acid with the particles in the range of colloid particles is selected to ensure that the water-soluble organic matters of the soil plough layer reach 0.5 percent.

Preferably, the straw is comminuted to a particle size of 1 to 5 cm prior to use.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention comprehensively utilizes farming, physical, chemical and biological improvement methods, changes the structure of upper soil by the farming method, adds soil conditioner to condition the chemical property of the soil, forms a hydrophobic covering layer on the surface layer of the soil by utilizing plant straws, ensures the infiltration of water, prevents the evaporation of water and prevents the salt return, has simple and convenient operation in the whole process, reduces the times of manual operation, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil and realizes the comprehensive treatment of the salinized soil.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a table diagram showing the improvement effect of the technique applied to saline-alkali soil.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example (b):

the technology of the invention comprises a saline-alkali soil modifier consisting of calcium sulfate, humic acid and surfactant, and crop straws (corn and wheat). The formula of the conditioner is determined according to soil measurement. Specifically, the amount of calcium sulfate used is such that the calcium ion content of the soil layer reaches 60% of the cation exchange amount. The special humic acid with the particles in the range of colloid particles is selected to ensure that the water-soluble organic matters of the soil plough layer reach 0.5 percent. The straw is crushed into 1 to 5 cm particles before use:

a saline-alkali soil improvement technology comprises the following operation steps:

s1: deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil before rainy season, wherein the saline-alkali soil conditioner is used in a soil plough layer in the deep ploughing process;

s2: spraying a soil surfactant on the surface layer of the ploughed soil;

s3: uniformly spreading the crushed straws on the surface layer of the ploughed soil;

s4: after the modifier fully reacts with the soil for a period of time (3-4 weeks), fully irrigating for 2-3 times by fresh water under the condition of a conditional condition, and leaching the salt;

test materials: in the test, 1000g/m2 of 28 percent calcium sulfate, 10ml/m2 of soil conditioner and 3cm of maximum diameter of corn straw particles are used;

and (3) experimental design: the area of each cell of the test plot is 100m2, two treatments of comparison and improvement are set, and the two treatments are repeated for 3 times, so that 6 cells are counted;

s5: after the treatment of the soil conditioner and the soil cultivation mode, the pH value of the soil is reduced by 2.13 percent compared with the control, the conductivity is reduced by 22.56 percent obviously compared with the control, the content of organic matters is improved obviously by 33.92 percent compared with the control, the volume weight of the soil is reduced obviously by 16.39 percent compared with the control.

Note: in the figure, pH represents the soil pH value, EC represents the soil conductivity, Org represents the soil organic matter content, and SBD represents the soil volume weight.

One of the key points of the technology is that the saline-alkali soil is changed into an improved condition by using the soil conditioner, so that the water conductivity, the granule formation and the stability are improved. The second key point is that the soil surface treatment increases the soil wettability and the water infiltration. The third key point is that the crop straws are covered to prevent the soil moisture from evaporating. Because the new crop straws are hydrophobic, the covering effect is better. Because the salt content of the soil moves along with the water, the treatment technical system is a salt isolation layer which causes the unidirectional downward movement of rainwater and irrigation water. With the repeated use of covered parts in the technology and the time, the improvement of the saline-alkali soil can be realized;

by applying the technology disclosed by the invention, the pH value of the soil can be effectively reduced, the salt, especially the ion content, in the soil of the plough layer is reduced, the porosity of the soil is increased, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, the granular structure of the soil is improved, the physical and chemical properties and the plough characteristics of the soil are promoted to be improved, and the technology is suitable for the growth of crops. The saline-alkali soil improving agent and the matched farming measures are applied, so that the purposes of reducing the saline-alkali soil improving cost, improving the improving efficiency and facilitating large-area popularization are achieved.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A saline-alkali soil improvement technology is characterized in that: the saline-alkali soil improvement technology comprises the following operation steps:

(2) spraying a soil surfactant on the surface layer of the ploughed soil;

2. The saline-alkali soil improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: test materials: in the test, 1000g/m2 of 28 percent calcium sulfate, 10m1/m2 of soil conditioner and 3cm of maximum diameter of corn stalk particles are used.

3. The saline-alkali soil improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) experimental design: the test plot had an area of 100m2 per cell, and two treatments, control and improvement, were set for 3 replicates for a total of 6 cells.

4. The saline-alkali soil improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calcium sulfate is used in an amount such that the calcium ion content of the soil plough layer is 60% of the cation exchange capacity.

5. The saline-alkali soil improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special humic acid with the particles in the range of colloid particles is selected to ensure that the water-soluble organic matters of the soil plough layer reach 0.5 percent.

6. The saline-alkali soil improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw is comminuted into 1 to 5 cm particles before use.