CN104770151A - Simplified planting method for coastal severe saline-alkali soil salt-resistant bermuda grass lawn - Google Patents
Simplified planting method for coastal severe saline-alkali soil salt-resistant bermuda grass lawn Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simplified planting method for a coastal severe saline-alkali soil salt-resistant bermuda grass lawn. The method is combined with simple soil improvement measures by utilizing a salt-resistant lawn type bermuda grass material, and the purpose of quickly planting a high-quality lawn on coastal severe saline-alkali soil can be achieved without changing soil. The technical scheme comprises lawn bed preparation, preparation of a soil improvement agent, application of the soil improvement agent, planting and pavement of sod, and watering management after planting. Without using the engineering measures such as soil dressing method, fresh water flooding and dark drainage salt-leaching method ordinarily adopted on present production of severe saline-alkali soil, the high-quality lawn can be quickly planted on coastal salified original soil directly by needing simple oil improvement only; the problem that a plough layer in a borrowing area is broken to influence the ecological environment of the plough layer caused by the soil dressing method is solved while the greening cost of the lawn in coastal saline and alkaline areas is greatly reduced; the method is an efficient path for solving the greening of the coastal severe saline-alkali soil, and has extremely high popularization and utilization values.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, a kind of strand salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, relate to alkaline land soil improvement and greening field thereof.
Background technology
China has the Coastal beach area of about more than 200 ten thousand hectares, and 2009 " jiangsu coast great development " rises to national strategy, brings new opportunity, considerably increase the quantity of saline land greening engineering to the exploitation of Coastal beach.Not only salinity is high for the soil of Coastal beach, and nutrient famine, especially nitrogen phosphorus and some trace elements, and soil structure is poor, easily hardens, and salinity is drip washing not easily.These disadvantageous soil conditions seriously limit the development of greening, become a difficult problem of saline land High Quality Turf.
The researcher of turf establishment aspect, domestic and international heavy salinized ground has carried out research practice for many years, it is also proposed some turf establishment methods, such as:
Grant number CN101828477B discloses a kind of method of planting lawn in saline-alkali soil, it is characterized in that by apply in soil or sand is covered on ground mulching straw pavilion and top layer, block salinity rising, select Salt And Alkali Tolerance grass seeds, rational application of fertilizers is carried out for saline land nutrient situation, thus the short time on saline land lawn planting, reach maximal cover rate.
Application number 201210378866.7 discloses the method for the quick salt-affected soil planting lawn of a kind of economy, it is characterized in that by applying 10% fertilizer and 10% fine sand in soil, improve salt-affected soil structure, be convenient to salt-affected soil Leaching and desalinization, and cut off salinity rising, build and build ridge, full irrigation, solid water Leaching and desalinization can be carried out to salt-affected soil, reduce saline soil salt content; Select greening non-woven fabrics planting grass blanket, be convenient to form turf volume, be easy to transplant, and afforest non-woven fabrics and can intercept salinity and rise; First planting grass blanket, then transplant, thus at salt-affected soil civil engineering Lawn planted in the short time, reach maximal cover rate.
Grant number CN102197726B discloses improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline, its principal character is built divider wall to carry out every salt and salt discharge water by deep pit excavation, laying sealed polyethylene plastic, cobblestone or gravel, bellows and surrounding, and carry out the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and plant suction salt, lawn planting again, thus reach quick desalination, the never accumulation of salt in the surface soil, turf quality is provided.
Above-mentioned known technology generally adopts physical method or engineering, isolate solonchak or reduce Soil salinity, although these methods have certain effect to planting lawn on severe saline-alkali soil, at certain area, certain usefulness is produced to saline land agricultural production and Saline-alkali Field Control.But do isolation matrix with the sand of thin layer and organic matter, the rear easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil is planted on lawn for a long time, and can bring the possibility that irrigation amount increases; Use is dug dell, laid sealed polyethylene plastic, cobblestone or gravel, bellows and surrounding build divider wall can make turf establishment cost greatly increase; And use the measure of the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching also to make cost significantly increase in the saline land that fresh water lacks, and the later stage also easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil.In actual production, most engineerings of severe strand salt scholar turf establishment still adopt bottom the bed of level ground lays gravel and dark row, the salinity of soil when reducing planting lawn in conjunction with the method for soil moved in improve the original or the fresh water flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching again, the turfgrass used normally produces the lawn species of routine, as lawn type English ryegrass, kentucky blue grass, ' Tifway ' hybrid bermuda etc., its salt resistance is poor or general, plantation after shoot density and cover degree low, landscape effect is very poor.Soil moved in improve the original planting technology is comparatively large to the farmland destructiveness in region of fetching earth in addition, even destroys local ecotope.And long-term, a large amount of planting soils, fresh water and transport every salt architectural Material, road traffic can be caused to strengthen, easy generation congestion in road, heavy type transport vehicle can have a strong impact on the service life of road, the tail gas contaminated environment again of discharge, flow to energy flow from goods and materials and all cause great waste, also had a strong impact on the quality of environment, substantially increased turf establishment cost.
Bermuda grass is a class widely used turfgrass in the world, has certain salt resistance, is also one of the most frequently used turfgrass in present saline land.Bermuda grass kind conventional in current production is the old kind of cultivating in U.S.'s sixties in last century five, and as ' Tifway ', ' Tifgreen ', ' Tifdwarf ', its salt resistance is more weak, poor in the performance in saline land, can not reach desirable landscape effect.Some researchs show, very large salt resistance variation is there is between Bermuda grass different cultivars, and have selected the improved Varieties (being) that salt resistance is obviously better than the old kinds such as ' Tifway ' (C807), ' Tifgreen ' (C753), ' Tifdwarf ' (C751), as (the preliminary assessment of the excellent choosing system of warm season turf and kind salt-resistance such as ' Yangjiang ' Bermuda grass, ' C291 ' Bermuda grass, Acta Prataculture, 2009,18 (5): 107-114; Part warm season turf kind (being) growth adaptability at Coastal beach and the impact on Soil salinity thereof, plant resources and environment journal, 2010,19 (3): 48-54).
The present invention is around above problem, according to the feature in Coastal beach saline land, complicated every measures such as salt, soil moved in improve the original or the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching without the need to carrying out saline-alkali soil, by means of only carrying out on the basis of simple improvement to salt affected soil, select the lawn type Bermuda grass material of salt tolerant directly to plant on original soil, explore heavy salinized ground, the strand High Quality Turf technology of a set of light simplification.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for current heavy salinized ground turf establishment cost high, destroy ecotope, the problem of lawn scenery weak effect, provides a kind of planting and establishing method of high-quality salt tolerant bermuda grass turf of light simplification.The organic matter (as stalk, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, cow dung, pig manure, peat etc.) easily obtained with locality, cheap industry byproduct ardealite, common agricultural composite fertilizer, and a small amount of chelated iron and other trace elements wait and carry out the preparation of soil conditioner for raw material and spread fertilizer over the fields and turn over into soil, thus reach the object of the improvement soil texture, raising nutrient content, reduction salinity.Again in conjunction with the use of salt tolerant high-quality lawn type Bermuda grass material, promote that lawn grows fast on saline land, thus simply, the lawn of planting high-quality, low cost efficiently.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, a kind of strand salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, comprises the following steps:
(1), earth's surface weeding: first kill the weeds grown with steriland herbicide glyphosate, usage be every mu with glyphosate (containing 41% glyphosate-isopropylammonium) 150 times of liquid 30-72L directed sprayings, must be sprayed onto on green blade; During weeds negligible amounts, direct labor pulls out;
(2), do landform: according to saline land actual conditions, carry out ground preliminary smooth, and make certain landform, level land topography reform necessarily requires the gradient to reach 2-5 degree, and in order to draining, the gradient of side slope must be less than 45 degree; Stone, rubble, foreign material large within removing ground 20cm;
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner: modifying agent composition and consumption are decomposed manure or peat 600-1000kg/ mu, ardealite 600-2500kg/ mu, composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 15-30kg/ mu, EDDHA-Fe1-2kg/ mu, each 0.2-0.4kg/ mu of zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate; Fertilizer is pulverized afterwards and other modifying agents mix by certain consumption;
(4), soil conditioner is used: in being evenly manured into soil according to certain consumption by the soil conditioner prepared in advance, then plough under the soil layer that 20cm is dark, mixing, and carry out grading and suppression;
(5), divot is sodded: after improving the soil, require ability turf plant after 7-14 days; Select specification to be the complete soil matrix divot of 30*30cm or 30*100cm, be laid on ground successively, and suppress, careless block is contacted with soil closely;
(6), water: divot should water after sodding in time, and first pass water is accomplished to irrigate, require that 20cm soil moisture reaches capacity, later every day carries out water spray moisturizing depending on weather condition, proceeds to conventional maintenance after one week.
The light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, a kind of strand of the present invention salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, carry out on simple and easy basis of improving the soil utilizing cheap modifying agent, with lawn type salt tolerant Bermuda grass for planting material, can in strand the high-quality lawn of the rapid planting in heavy salinized ground.In modifying agent, fertilizer can increase soil organic matter content, promotes that granular structure is formed, increases soil fertility and moisture capacity, improve soil microbial activities; Ardealite can improve soil calcium and phosphorus content, promotes the drip washing of salinity and the optimization of soil structure, reduces pH value; The n p k nutrition content of soil can improve in composite fertilizer; EDDHA-Fe can improve the content of soil iron, and the iron of Chelating state can reduce oxidation and soil fixing, is more easily absorbed and used by plants; The trace element such as zinc, copper, manganese can improve the fertility of soil, and Promoting plant growth reduces salt damage.Utilize the salt resistance that salt tolerant Bermuda grass kind itself is stronger, the salt stress of long period can be stood, then by the normal maintenance processes in lawn water or natural precipitation carrys out progressively drip washing and falls salinity in soil, the engineering salt reduction measure that soil moved in improve the original that need not be special, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching or hidden pipe salt discharge etc. are complicated, thus planting that is simple and easy, that realize high-quality lawn, heavy salinized ground at low cost.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2011, great Feng port district of Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province heavy salinizedly, 9, experimental plot is set, each plot area 4m
2, measure of improving the soil is established the method for improving the soil of this patent, soil moved in improve the original method and is not done any contrast of improving the soil totally 3 process, each process 3 repetition.Soil basal conditions is pH8.3, organic 0.34%, and full nitrogen 0.01%, rapid available phosphorus 6.12ppm, available potassium 512.2ppm, 0-10cm soil layer salinity 14.7 ‰, 10-20cm soil layer salinity is 9 ‰.Select salt tolerant lawn species ' Yangjiang ' Bermuda grass.
(1), earth's surface weeding: only there is the fluffy plant of fragmentary alkali on ground, and direct labor pulls out;
(2), landform is done: experimental field carry out manually smooth, and stone large within removing ground 20cm, rubble;
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner: modifying agent composition and consumption are peat 1000kg/ mu, ardealite 2500kg/ mu, composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 30kg/ mu, EDDHA-Fe2kg/ mu, each 0.3kg/ mu of zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate; The peat of caking pulverizes afterwards and other modifying agents manually mix;
(4), soil conditioner is used: the modifying agent of premix spreads fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, then ploughs under 20cm soil layer, mixing, and carries out grading and suppression; The solonchak that soil moved in improve the original is treated to a community (2m × 2m) interior 30cm dark manually digs out, and changes the soil (salinity 0.5 ‰) of non-salinization of soil, and carries out grading and suppression; Turning over and smooth process of ground 20cm soil layer is only done in contrast;
(5), divot is sodded: after improving the soil 14 days, sod lawn; Select complete specification to be the soil matrix divot of 30 × 30cm, be laid on ground successively, and suppress, careless block is contacted with soil closely;
(6), water: divot should water after sodding in time, first pass water is accomplished to irrigate, and 20cm soil moisture is reached capacity, moisturizing of spraying water later every day, maintain one week backsight weather and soil moisture situation is suitably watered, ensure that lack of water wilting situation does not appear in lawn.
Plant after 1 month, the lawn of contrast is substantially dead, and soil moved in improve the original method and modifying agent process still can maintain higher turf quality, and two kinds of method divergences are not obvious.With Field Scout2265FS type salinometer (U.S. Spectrum Technologies, Inc produces) Field trapping is carried out to Soil salinity, the salinity of contrast is still higher, and the salinity of modifying agent process has had obvious decline, but apparently higher than soil moved in improve the original process.The soil pH of contrast changes with plantation is front, and modifying agent process have dropped about 0.5 unit.Concrete data are in table 1.
The process of table 1 different soils is on the impact of turf quality and Soil salinity, pH
Note: the scoring of * turf quality adopts 9 points of systems in national careless regional experiment of variety regulation to mark.
Embodiment 2
2012, great Feng port district of Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province heavy salinizedly, demonstration area 1000m
2.
Soil basal conditions is pH8.2, organic 0.45%, and full nitrogen 0.02%, rapid available phosphorus 9.2ppm, available potassium 452.3ppm, 0-10cm soil layer salinity 12.5%, 10-20cm soil layer salinity is 8.7 ‰.Select salt-enduring cultivars ' C291 ' Bermuda grass.
(1), earth's surface weeding: there is the halophytes of some Chenopodiaceaes and composite family on ground, with the consumption directed spraying of glyphosate (containing 41% glyphosate-isopropylammonium) 150 times of liquid 45L/ mus on the blade of green, kills the weeds grown;
(2), do landform: demonstration ground first enters with excavator preliminary smooth, then use rotovator east-west direction and each rotary tillage of North and South direction 3 times, the degree of depth is 20cm, carries out further smooth; Stone, rubble large within removing ground 20cm; Ground line gradient probably maintains about 3 degree, in order to draining;
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner: modifying agent composition and consumption are peat 1000kg/ mu, ardealite 2000kg/ mu, composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 25kg/ mu, EDDHA-Fe1.5kg/ mu, each 0.3kg/ mu of zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate; The peat of caking pulverizes afterwards and other modifying agents manually mix;
(4), soil conditioner is used: the modifying agent of premix first manually spreads fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, then uses rotovator rotary tillage 3 times, modifying agent is ploughed under 20cm soil layer, mixing, and carries out grading;
(5), divot is sodded: after improving the soil 10 days, sod lawn; Select the soil matrix divot of complete 30 × 100cm size, be laid on ground successively, and suppress, careless block is contacted with soil closely;
(6), water: divot should water after sodding in time, first pass water is accomplished to irrigate, and 20cm soil moisture is reached capacity, moisturizing of spraying water later every day, maintain one week backsight weather and soil moisture situation is suitably watered, ensure that lack of water wilting situation does not appear in lawn.
Plant after 2 years, lawn still can keep higher turf quality, and the salinity of 5-20cm soil layer drops to 5.4 ‰, and around the salinity in vacant lot still reaches 9.3 ‰.
Claims (7)
1. the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, strand salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1), weed control: first thoroughly remove existing weeds with steriland herbicide, when carrying out weed control, liquid must be sprayed onto on the blade of weeds normal growth; During weeds negligible amounts, direct labor pulls out;
(2), topography reform: according to the requirement of salt tolerant turf establishment, carry out preliminary Land leveling, and make certain landform; Remove stone, rubble and other foreign material large on the bed of level ground;
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner: soil conditioner mainly comprises fertilizer that drying becomes thoroughly decomposed or peat, ardealite, composite fertilizer (15-15-15), EDDHA-Fe, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate; Organic materials is pulverized afterwards and other modifying agents mix by certain consumption;
(4), soil conditioner is used: in being evenly manured into soil according to certain consumption by the soil conditioner prepared in advance, then plough under soil, mixing, and carry out grading and suppression;
(5), divot is sodded: modifying agent sods divot after using a period of time; Select the complete soil matrix divot of certain specification, be laid on ground successively, and suppress, careless block is contacted with soil closely;
(6), manage after turf establishment: divot should water after sodding in time, first time waters and should irrigate every block turf equably, at least once to spray water every day moisturizing depending on weather condition in one week after planting, after one week, proceed to normal Lawn management.
2. the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, strand according to claim 1 salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, it is characterized in that: the steriland herbicide that the weed control described in step (1) uses is glyphosate, usage be every mu with glyphosate (containing 41% glyphosate-isopropylammonium) 150 times of liquid 30-72L directed sprayings.
3. the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, strand according to claim 1 salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, it is characterized in that: in step (2), level land topography reform necessarily requires the gradient to reach 2-5 degree, in order to draining, the gradient of side slope must be less than 45 degree, the foreign material within the cleaning 20cm degree of depth in soil.
4. the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, strand according to claim 1 salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, it is characterized in that: the formula that the soil conditioner described in step (3) is concrete and consumption are decomposed manure or peat 600-1000kg/ mu, ardealite 600-2500kg/ mu, composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 15-30kg/ mu, EDDHA-Fe1-2kg/ mu, each 0.2-0.4kg/ mu of zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate.
5. the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, strand according to claim 1 salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, is characterized in that: the soil conditioner ploughing depth described in step (4) must reach 20cm.
6. the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, strand according to claim 1 salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, is characterized in that: using described in step (5) after modifying agent must could turf plant after 7-14 days; Complete soil matrix divot specification is 30*30cm or 30*100cm.
7. the light simplification planting and establishing method of heavy salinized ground, strand according to claim 1 salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf, is characterized in that: divot described in step (6) is sodded rear first time and watered and must irrigate soil layer in the bed 20cm of level ground (soil moisture content reach capacity state).
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| CN114731908B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-09-19 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for promoting growth of adventitious roots of seed stems of zoysia japonica thunb to improve coastal saline-alkali soil |
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