CN100425114C - Weeping alkaligrass micro ridge cultivating method in severe soda saline-alkali land - Google Patents
Weeping alkaligrass micro ridge cultivating method in severe soda saline-alkali land Download PDFInfo
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- CN100425114C CN100425114C CNB2005101190127A CN200510119012A CN100425114C CN 100425114 C CN100425114 C CN 100425114C CN B2005101190127 A CNB2005101190127 A CN B2005101190127A CN 200510119012 A CN200510119012 A CN 200510119012A CN 100425114 C CN100425114 C CN 100425114C
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- ridge
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- thatch
- severe soda
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Abstract
The invention discloses a weeping alkaligrass micro-ridging culturing method of severe soda alkaline land in the plant culturing technological domain, which is characterized by the following: adopting heavy notched disk to grade and ridge for 2-3 times, sowing at 0.5-1.5cm thickness when the day and night difference is over 10 deg.c, irrigating management for higher end of field, opening inlet groove with depth at 10-15 cm along vertical direction, supplying water, irrigating intervally in the second and third years, fertilizing 85kg aquacare on each hectare, mowing to remain 3-4 cm stub.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to the degeneration-resistant culture technique of plant, specifically a kind of severe soda saline-alkali land thatch micro ridge cultivating method.
Background technology
The alkali thatch, formal name used at school Puccinellia tenuiflora (Turcz) Scribn ﹠amp; Merr is bunch type study of perennial forage grasses plant, is one of dominant plant on the Chinese song-Nen plain saline-alkaline meadow, has characteristics such as salt tolerant alkali, tolerance to cold is strong, feeding value is good.Under the situation of topsoil soils total content 1-3%, pH value 9.0-10.5, but still normal growth is grown, and finishes the history of life.It is pioneer's grass seeds of western severe soda alkaline land biological modification in Northeast China and revegetation.
The planting type of soda saline-alkali land thatch routine is artificial flat planting method.Because seed very tiny (thousand kernel weight only is 0.11-0.14g), it is very big influenced by wind-force and irrigation advance.Therefore require whole ground must leveling whole thin, broadcast back earthing 1-2cm, pour water and keep water layer 1-2cm, day and night temperature be emerged after 15-20 days more than 10 ℃.The dried plot that after planting falls, alkali thatch seed can't germinate.The problem of cultivation method existence at present:
1, broad irrigation forms powerful current, and the seed that the alkali thatch is small is pooled to low-lying place, causes the serious inequality of emerging.
2, the irrigation water waste is serious.The rainwash that causes because of the needs that satisfy the maintenance water layer loses 3000-4000m
2/ hm
2
3, irrigate the bad assurance of water layer, depth of water temperature is low, long easy powder kind of time; Water is shallow to be fallen to doing easily and not to germinate.
4, sowing quantity is big: per hectare seeding quantity 40-60kg.
Severe soda alkaline land salinization of soil index is: topsoil salt content＞0.6%, pH＞9.5, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)＞30%, alkaline spot rate＞50%.The western salinization of soil land area in Jilin Province reaches 146.83 ten thousand hm
2, wherein heavy salinizedization soil increases by 20%, reaches 29.41 ten thousand hm
2Heavy salinizedization of soil causes large-area vegetation degeneration, obvious alkaline spot occurs, causes the deterioration of the ecological environment, and production alkalization in soil causes large-area vegetation degeneration, obvious alkaline spot occurs, causes the deterioration of the ecological environment, and productivity of land is almost nil.Heavy salinizedization soil is because exchangeability Na
+The content height reduces the soil aeration water penetration on the one hand greatly, forms hard saline and alkaline skinning during arid; Excessive on the other hand Na
+Plant is produced ion toxic action and osmotic stress effect.The alkali thatch has good adaptability and extremely strong salt tolerant alkalescence as song-Nen plain native country plant to severe soda saline-alkali soil, is bringing into play important effect in song-Nen plain saline-alkaline ground ecological recovery.Along with the continuous expansion of area under cultivation, the improvement of alkali thatch culture technique has important practice significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention according to the alkali thatch germinate at the severe soda alkaline land, the needed environmental condition of emerging, adopt micro ridge cultivating, purpose provides a kind of severe soda saline-alkali land thatch micro ridge cultivating method, solve the water wasting, expense kind of the problem that exist in the alkali thatch conventional cultivation, for the alkali thatch founds seedling smoothly at the severe soda alkaline land, survives and create condition preferably, reduce artificial alkali cogongrass ground production cost.
The present invention includes whole ground and ridging, sowing and mixed soil, irrigation management and field management link process.
1, whole ground and ridging
Select smooth, the severe soda alkaline land easily of pouring water of physical features, i.e. salinization of soil " bare land ", pH is about 10.With heavy breach rake rake 2-3 time, drag behind the rake flat, mechanical ridging.The standard on ridge is: the high 20-25cm of ridge platform, row spacing 30-40cm.Irrigate for convenient, the field piece be divided into wide 12m according to the microrelief type, the rectangle of long 15-20m, accomplish rectangle interior along the ridge to the physical features discrepancy in elevation in 5cm.
2, sowing and mixed soil
Best seedtime: the 4-5 month in spring, or the 9-10 month in autumn, this moment day and night temperature greater than 10 ℃, satisfy seed sprouting, the condition of emerging.Seeding quantity: 20-30kg/hm
2
Sowing and mixed indigenous method: select sowing in calm day.Uniform broadcasting.Broadcast sowing take about formula back and forth, the sowing fabric width is 1.5-2m.Light suppression, in the suppression process, peak, ridge soil breaks away to the ridge, finishes and mixes native process, and alkali thatch seed thickness of earth covering is 0.5-1.5cm.
3, irrigation management
The alkali thatch is because the strong salt tolerant alkalescence of plant self is not strict to the irrigation water water quality requirement, and bubble natural pond, river surface water, phreatic water and deep water in confined all can.Irrigation method is furrow irrigation.Specific practice be the field piece relatively be full of Wei Long ridge platform high 2/3, to soak into the ridge platform be standard.The back chance drought of emerging suitably moisturizing gets final product, and keeps alternation of wetting and drying, promotes growth of seedling.Irrigation water and rainwater can be admitted and store to alkali thatch micro ridge cultivating effectively, thereby have tangible conservation benefits.The normal precipitation time does not need to irrigate.
4, perennial alkali thatch field management
Because the strong salt tolerant alkali ability that has of alkali thatch, livings alkali thatch was met suitably moisturizing of drought spring in two, three years, adopted batch (-type) to irrigate, and the duty standard is with high 1/3 being advisable of ridge platform, and arid season need not irrigation later.Need draining during rainfall ponding, micro ridge cultivating can pass through the smooth and easy draining of furrow.When pouring water spring, per hectare is executed urea 85kg after 3 years, prevents that the later stage from causing alkali cogongrass ground to be degenerated because of soil takes off fertilizer.Fertilizing method is for manually evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, spread fertilizer over the fields alkali thatch seed June to maturation mid-July, when seed should in time be gathered during by the xanthochromia brown, in case shattering.Stubble height 3-4cm when cradling helps next year to turn green.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art:
1, micro-ridge furrow makes and irrigates and keep water layer convenient, has prevented that effectively the plane from disseminating the percussion of back broad irrigation to alkali thatch minute seeds, emerges evenly.
2, micro-ridge furrow has the effect of collecting rainwater, has reduced rainwash, can improve the availability of water resource.
3, save sowing quantity.
Embodiment
Severe soda saline-alkali land thatch micro ridge cultivating is tested in 2002-2004 and is carried out on ecological experiment station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences big peace alkali ground severe soda alkaline land, and the place is positioned at red mound township, Daan City, Jilin Province.
The severe soda alkaline land soil face of land does not have vegetation, is typical alkaline spot ground, and its salinization of soil index sees Table 1; The soil nutrient index sees Table 2:
Table 1: severe soda alkaline land soil (0-20cm) salinization of soil index
Unit: (mg/kg)
Table 2: severe soda alkaline land soil (0-20cm) nutritive index
Unit: (mg/kg)
| Full N | Full P | Full K (%) | Speed N | Speed P | Speed K | Organic (%) |
| 1207.69 | 252.01 | 1.367 | 18.48 | 18.75 | 273.9 | 0.649 |
Select local wild alkali thatch kind for use, select fine weather before the sowing, airing seed 3 days is to improve potentiality of seed.Soil is harrowed 2 times with heavy breach rake, drags flat, mechanical ridging behind the rake.The high 20cm of ridge platform, row spacing 30cm.Seedtime is 8 days-May 10 May in spring, and seeding method is the artificial broadcast, broadcasts the light suppression in back and realizes that seed and table soil mix.The irrigation water water source adopts deep layer artesian water in the Quaternary Period, before emerging irrigation quantity be full of Wei Long ridge platform high 2/3, keep that 2-3 is thoughtful emerges.Suitably moisturizing of the back chance drought of emerging.Do not gather in then, to guarantee safe overwintering.Annual results were 2 times from 1 year, and stubble height 3-4cm when cradling helps next year to turn green.In the 3rd year spring, per hectare is executed urea 85kg, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields, and the no rainfall in fertilising back must be irrigated once permeablely in 24 hours, prevented that fertilizer efficiency is lost.
Evidence alkali thatch emergence rate reaches more than 80%, and the regrowth rate of surviving the winter reaches more than 95%, is the effective ways that the artificial alkali cogongrass of severe soda alkaline land ground is built, and has broad prospect for its application.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of severe soda saline-alkali land thatch micro ridge cultivating method is characterized in that comprising whole ground and ridging, sowing and mixed soil, four processes of irrigation management and field management;
Described is to select smooth, the severe soda alkaline land easily of pouring water of physical features with the ridging process wholely, with heavy breach rake rake 2-3 time, drag flat, mechanical ridging; The standard on ridge is: the high 20-25cm of ridge platform, row spacing 30-40cm, along the ridge to the physical features discrepancy in elevation in 5cm;
Described sowing with mixing native process is, the 4-5 month in spring or autumn 9-10 month day and night temperature greater than sowing seeding quantity under 10 ℃ of conditions: 20-30kg/hm
2, uniform broadcasting; After planting gently suppression makes peak, ridge soil break away to the ridge, and alkali thatch seed thickness of earth covering is 0.5-1.5cm;
Described irrigation management process is at the higher relatively end of field piece, and along opening an inlet channel that 10-15cm is dark with the ridge to vertical direction, suitably moisturizing of drought is met in the preceding irrigation of emerging after emerging, keep alternation of wetting and drying;
Described field management process is that two, three years living alkali thatches are met non-irrigated moisturizing spring, adopts batch (-type) to irrigate, the duty standard be the ridge platform high 1/3; When pouring water spring, per hectare is executed urea 85kg after 3 years; Alkali thatch seed June to maturation mid-July, when seed should in time be gathered stubble height 3-4cm when cradling during by the xanthochromia brown.
2, severe soda saline-alkali land thatch micro ridge cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the field piece is divided into wide 12m according to the microrelief type, the rectangle of long 15-20m, broadcast sowing take about formula back and forth, the sowing fabric width is 1.5-2m, before emerging duty be full of Wei Long ridge platform high 2/3, to soak into the ridge platform be standard, suitably moisturizing of drought is met in the back of emerging, draining during rainfall ponding, fertilizing method is for manually evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005101190127A CN100425114C (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Weeping alkaligrass micro ridge cultivating method in severe soda saline-alkali land |
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| CNB2005101190127A CN100425114C (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Weeping alkaligrass micro ridge cultivating method in severe soda saline-alkali land |
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| CN1918958A CN1918958A (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| CN100425114C true CN100425114C (en) | 2008-10-15 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782761A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for building artificial pasture in low-humidity saline and alkaline land |
| CN103782917A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rail separating method of zoning rotational grazing |
| CN107027479A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The live broadcasting method that severe soda alkaline land field alfalfa is colonized in a kind of raising |
| CN107371440A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-24 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The low-lying heavy salinized ground drip irrigation ridge culture Qiao shrub stereo plantation method in arid area |
| CN108496458A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Severe Soda saline and alkaline soils staged modification method |
| CN115191170B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2023-06-20 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Time-staggered composite introduction method for pioneer species in severe degraded soda saline-alkali grassland |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1240267C (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2006-02-08 | 吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室 | Ecological engineering technology for reforming saline-alkali bare land by inserting maize stalk and planting grass |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1240267C (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2006-02-08 | 吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室 | Ecological engineering technology for reforming saline-alkali bare land by inserting maize stalk and planting grass |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 吉林省西部盐碱化土地治理对策. 王志春等.农业与技术，第22卷第5期. 2002 * |
| 碱茅的栽培. 崔广兴.吉林畜牧兽医，第8期. 2004 * |
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