CN102523774A - Method for improving and greening natural saline soil - Google Patents
Method for improving and greening natural saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102523774A CN102523774A CN2012100212059A CN201210021205A CN102523774A CN 102523774 A CN102523774 A CN 102523774A CN 2012100212059 A CN2012100212059 A CN 2012100212059A CN 201210021205 A CN201210021205 A CN 201210021205A CN 102523774 A CN102523774 A CN 102523774A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving and greening natural saline soil. The method comprises the following steps: (1), concealed conduits are laid in an experimental field at a depth of 60 cm at intervals of 5 m, the soil is leveled, the field is divided into small areas each of which is 5 m in width and 10 m in length, and field ridges which are 0.5 m in height and 0.5 m in width are arranged between the small areas for preventing side leakage; and before the rainy season, each small area is irrigated with saline water which contains 3 to 10 grams of salt per liter for twice in a manner that the use amount is 1000 to 1500 m<3>/hm<2>; (2), the soil is deeply turned, and meanwhile corn straws with 50 to 150 m<3>/hm<2> are added; (3), ameliorant I or ameliorant II with the use amount of 5000 to 9000 kg/hm<2> is applied after each small area is plowed; and (4), natural rainfall in the rainy season is utilized to wash off the soil, and the change of physicochemical properties of the soil is measured. The experimental results show that the method provided by the invention has the following advantages: harmful salinity in the soil can be reduced quickly; emergency of alkalization in the desalination process of soil can be avoided; greening plants can be planted and survive; physical properties of soil can be effectively improved; soil bulk density can be reduced; total porosity and final infiltration rate of soil can be increased obviously; and a favorable soil environment can be provided for greening plants to grow better for a long term.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological reestablishment and applied technical field, relate to the method that the original soil that contains salt is improved greening, the method that improvement is afforested to Tianjin coastal region solonchak of saying so more specifically.
Background technology
China is as energy-consuming big country, and per capita resources is few, environmental capacity is little, and the energy savings resource is preserved the ecological environment, and is the inevitable choice of thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development, advance conservation culture to build.Solve the town ecological environmental problem, the developing ecology gardens are trends of the times.The solonchak greening is a global difficult problem, and the soil salinization is one of problem very serious in the afforestation.China has over one hundred city to be located in saline and alkaline district, all is faced with this difficult problem.
Solonchak also is saline soil (international general designation), and so-called solonchak is meant that mainly soil contains the soil of excess water soluble salinity, belongs to neutral salt more, react acid, and the pH value is between 7 to 8.Salt damage mainly causes owing to sodium ion (Na+) excessive concentration.Solonchak general soil profile morphology does not have apparent structure.Table soil does not particularly have plant growing place in dry season, often is white in color, even forms salt incrustation.Solonchak can be divided into marine solonchak, proluvial solonchak, marshy solonchak, meadow solonchak etc.Marine solonchak mainly receives seawater influence and forms.
Various places are because the saline land type is different, and ecotope is different, and the formula difference is touched in greening; Also there is very big difference in the technology of alkaline land improvement; But domestic and international on the whole when research and using each item ameliorative measure, all trend towards stressing the aggregate measures improvement, the shortening improved, process.The soil salinization is a global resource and ecological problem, about 1,000 ten thousand km of whole world saline soil area
2, there are 99.13 ten thousand km in China
2, only saline soil area in Tianjin just reaches 7830.0km
2, account for the gross area 65.7%, and Binhai New Area in Tianjin saline soil area 1958.9 km
2, account for 86.3% of total land area, wherein solonchak and severe salination land area and about 1214 km
2, account for 53.5% of the total land area of Binhai New District.Saline and alkaline area is because soil condition is abominable; Productivity of land is low; Be difficult to set up vegetation; Being that one of biggest obstacle factor of China's improvement of the ecological environment and agricultural sustainable development, especially marine solonchak, salt-alkali shoaly land are considered to " green plants forbidden zone " for a long time, is " global problem " of greening.
In recent years, the domestic report that also has many about the greening of coastal region soil alkaline ground.Provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Dezhou, Dalian all carried out the saline land and administered and Study on Greening Technology in Sloping Field; Wherein adaptive plant is selected all as the research content; And want to solve the difficult problem of beach saline land greening, and reaching the effect of beautifying city, must start with from soil melioration.Because mostly the soil of coastal region is solonchak and severe saline soil; The soil moved in to improve the original afforestation mode is generally adopted in greening; But there is tangible limitation in existing beach saline land soil moved in to improve the original afforestation mode, and extensive soil moved in to improve the original is the heavy damage to native source area land resources, and soil moved in to improve the original greening cost is huge; The soil moved in to improve the original expense accounts for 2/3 of greenery patches cost, and the visible soil moved in to improve the original greening mode that is based upon on the huge fund input basis is very disadvantageous for the sustainable development of ecotope.The major obstacle of marine solonchak greening is high except the salt content of soil own, and main is that subterranean water level is high, and the degree of mineralization of ground water is high; Soil compaction is sticking heavy; Bad hydraulic permeability, soil physics structure extreme difference, marine solonchak area freshwater resources are deficient simultaneously; Pouring salt difficulty, the key of improvement marine solonchak is exactly to resolve these barrier factors.Therefore; Be necessary to study a kind of technology of the simple improvement of solonchak original soil fast greening; Through soil transformation improvement, reduction soil salt content; Technology such as control subterranean water level overcome and solve the saline land greening main difficult technical, set up the soil environment of green plants suitable growth, could satisfy the basic demand of coastal region greening.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of method of solonchak original soil improvement greening, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) lay hidden pipe in the experimental field 60cm depths of light loam, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district; Watered the salt water that contains 3-10g/L in each sub-district before rainy season, each 1000-1500m
3/ hm
22 times, plough deeply (degree of depth is 40-60cm) then and add maize straw 50-150m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
Salt water of the present invention refers to the salinity that contains the sodium chloride composition local surface water or the phreatic water greater than 3g/L.
The present invention lays hidden pipe and helps salinity to discharge the soil body and the phreatic influence of control with water, and the coastal region freshwater resources are deficient, but the salt water aboundresources; Rainfall is concentrated, and the improvement marine solonchak utilizes local salt water to drench salt 2-3 time before rainy season, not only can take away a large amount of salinities in the soil; Can also improve soil aggregate; Soil macropore quantity is increased, make the water transmitting ability of soil increase, strengthen the effect of desalination in rainy season.
(2) behind twice salt water of filling,, each sub-district uses modifying agent I or modifying agent II 5000-9000kg/hm after turning over
2; The parts by weight of described modifying agent I composition consist of superphosphate: fertilizer: desulfurated plaster=1:1:3; The parts by weight of modifying agent II composition consist of acid-sludge: brown coal: desulfurated plaster=1:2:2;
After the salt water drip washing; Turn over after applying a certain amount of soil conditioner before rainy season; Utilize rainwater to drench salt; The soil conditioner that add this moment is main with acid organic substance, gypsum class material and texture modifier, not only can improve speed and effect that rainwater drenches salt, can also effectively suppress desalination alkalization phenomenon.
(3) utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season, measure the variation of soil physicochemistry proterties.
Operated according to above-mentioned steps before rainy season, can fast and effeciently improve solonchak, can satisfy the needs of plant normal growth through the drip washing 0-60cm salt content in a rainy season basically.
(4) after the pouring salt, adopt base to execute the fertilizer 4000-6000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer; Base is executed the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is referred to animal wastes, plant residues etc. such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, the sheep excrement organic manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed fully and forming, and main nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium are provided for plant growing.
(5) plowed soils, plantation is adapted at the green plants of growing on the slight salt affected soil.Described green plants refers to green manure plant alfalfa, sweet clover, clover, sesbania or the like.
The present invention is drenched the in addition detailed introduction of salt improving technology test method with marine solonchak:
2011; Research and result of the test according to coastal saline soil improvement greening key technology; Soviet Union carries out at the home soil pouring salt improved test at the huge port, Binhai New Area in Tianjin, and it is deficient to take into full account Tianjin coastal region freshwater resources, the salt water aboundresources; The technical measures that are fit to marine solonchak original soil improvement greening are further groped and verified to the characteristics that rainfall is concentrated.
1 materials and methods
1.1 test region overview
This test is located at Tianjin Dagang District Soviet Union home, be located in north latitude 38 ° 37 ', 117 ° 14 of east longitude ', this area belongs to monsoon climate of medium latitudes, alluvial plain, strand.Main climatic characteristics is, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and spring is windy, and arid is short of rain; Summer is hot, and rainwater is concentrated; Autumn, gas was refreshing, and changes in temperature are moderate; Winter is cold, dry few snow, and average temperature of the whole year is at 11.4～12.9 ℃; Mean annual precipitation is 520～660 millimeters, and rainy days is 63～70 days, and precipitation is remarkable with seasonal variation; Winter, spring are few, and concentrate summer, and 6,7,8 three monthly total precipitations account for annual about 75%.Average annual evaporation discharge 1100mm, subterranean water level 0.9-1.5m, the soil salinization is serious.2500m is taken up an area of in the experimental field
2Soil belongs to light loam, and salt content is between 1.08-1.55%, and saline and alkaline type belongs to marine solonchak.
1.2 experimental scheme
Lay hidden pipe in March, 2011 in 60cm depths experimental field, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district.5 processing are established in test altogether, and each is handled 3 times and repeats.
Handle 1: irritate (salinity is respectively 6.93g/L and 7.32g/L, pH7.64 and 7.38) behind the salt water 2 times consumption 1500m
3/ hm
2, ploughed deeply before rainy season and add maize straw 150m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
Handle 2: after irritating twice salt water, turn over and use modifying agent I 6000kg/hm
2; The parts by weight of (main material is desulfurated plaster, superphosphate, fertilizer) described modifying agent I composition consist of: superphosphate: fertilizer: desulfurated plaster=1:1:3
Handle 3: after irritating twice salt water, turn over and use modifying agent II (main material is acid-sludge, brown coal, desulfurated plaster etc.) 6000kg/hm
2The parts by weight of described modifying agent II composition consist of acid-sludge: brown coal: desulfurated plaster=1:2:2.
Handle 4: after irritating twice salt water, turn over and do not execute modifying agent in the top layer; Salt water is not irritated in contrast, does not turn over, and does not execute modifying agent.Continuous irrigation salt water 2 times on May 27th, 2011 to June 8 (salinity is respectively 6.93g/L and 7.32g/L, pH7.64 and 7.38) utilizes salt water to drench salt, irritates salt water 1500 m at every turn
3/ hm
2, plough and use modifying agent in June, 2011, utilizes natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season.
1.3 the collection of soil sample and analytical method
Gather the initial soil sample on April 20th, 2011, use the preceding soil sample of gathering of modifying agent behind filling on June 15th, 2011 salt water, gather soil sample after rainy season on September 1st, 2011.Each point minute 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, three layers of sampling of 40-60 cm.Analytical method, the bulk density of soil: core cutter method; Total salt: mass method; PH value: acidometer method; Ca
2+, Mg
2+, SO
2 -4Adopt the EDTA titration.Na
+, K
+Use flare photometer; CO
3 2-, HCO
3 -Adopt two indicator-neutralization titrations; Cl
-Use silver nitrate titration method.Organic: potassium bichromate titrimetric method; Full nitrogen: semimicro Kelvin method; Quick-acting nitrogen: alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen method; Available potassium: flare photometer.
2 results and analysis
2.1 the variation of soil salt content
Total salt, pH change before and after table 1 soil melioration
Can find out that from table 1 the soil solubility total salt content of several processing all descends to some extent, handle 1, handle 2, handle 3, handle 4 continuous drip washing of employing local face of land salt water 2 times before arriving rainy season; The soil total salt content descends significantly, and the top layer salt rejection rate is respectively 35.1%, 57.7%; 38.1%, 48.1%, the contrast topsoil also descends to some extent; Salt rejection rate is 13.6%, and is former in 8-9 day in May, 2011, once big rainfall; Rainfall is 30mm, and the drip washing of not pouring water of contrast salt content also descends to some extent, but because soil compaction adds evaporation discharge big mid-June of soil salt content descends less; It is very fast that processing 1-handles 4 twice salt water drip washing infiltration rate, and 3 layers of soil salt content drop between the 0.62-0.78% from 0.64-1.55%, and the pH value slightly rises.
The summer rainfall amount was bigger in 2011, and after the drip washing of filling salt water, plowed soils applies modifying agent simultaneously; Through nature drip washing in rainy season, soil salt content declines to a great extent, and wherein ploughs deeply and adds stalk simultaneously and handle salinity and descend at most to handle 1; Salt rejection rate is the highest, and three layers of soil salt content all drop to below 0.2%, and the top layer is minimum to be 0.127%; Three layers of soil salt rejection rate are respectively 88.3%, 80.3%, 72.4%, and the pH of three layers of soil rising simultaneously is bigger, all more than 9.3; PH value 1.0 units that on average risen explain that tangible alkalization phenomenon has taken place desalination processes; Handling 2 topsoil saliferous higher relatively is 0.642%, and second and third layer soil salt content descends big than the top layer, mainly is to contain Ca because handle the modifying agent of 2 addings
+, SO
4 2-, PO
4 3-Amount Deng the nonhazardous salt ion is bigger, and the salt rejection rate of three layers of soil is respectively 58.6%, 51.5%, 29.2%, but three layers of soil pH value do not rise; Handling 3 soil salt contents descends bigger; Three layers of soil all drop to below 0.4%; Three layers of soil are compared, and the salt rejection rate that the topsoil salt content is up to 0.375%, three layer of soil is respectively 66.4%, 66.9%, 53.4%; The pH of three layers of soil changes little, pH value 0.06-0.28 the unit that only risen; Handle 4 topsoil salt content and descend more greatly 0.284%, second and third layer soil also descends to some extent, but it is less to descend; Reason possibly be to handle 4 top layers to have carried out the loose utilization pouring of plowed soils salt; Second and third layer soil structure consolidation does not add upgrade materials again, drenches the salt difficulty, and three layers of soil salt rejection rate are respectively 77.4%, 38.9%, 22.5%; Topsoil cooperate to rise and to reach 9.11, three layers of soil pH 0.15-0.98 unit that risen more greatly; Contrast top layer soil salt content through rainy season the washed out soil salt content descend to some extent but descend lessly, three layers of soil salt rejection rate are respectively 34.2%, 12.1%, 0.46%, three layer of soil pH and slightly rise.
Respectively handle after the improvement to compare with contrast before soil salt content and the improvement and all descend morely, stalk is ploughed deeply three layers of soil soluble-salt of processing and is all descended at most, and stalk is ploughed deeply, and to fall the salt effect best; But it is bigger that pH rises, and alkalization is serious, handles 2, handles 3 because the top layer adds modifying agent; Salinity is than second and third floor height, and it is low to handle 4 capping salts, and the two or three layer higher; Explain that using modifying agent also can improve speed and the effect that soil drenches salt; Suppress desalination alkalization phenomenon simultaneously, if stalk is ploughed deeply the compounding application soil conditioner, the pouring salt effect of soil will be better.
2.2 the variation of soil ion concentration
2.2.1 the soil cations changes
Cation main in the saline-alkali soil has Na
+, Ca
2+, Mg
2+, K
+, K before and after the improvement
+Ratio in salt ion is all less, for saline-alkali soil, and Na
+Be most important cation in the soil, Na in the soil solution
+Too high levels is easy to make soil clay particle and aggregate to disperse, and soil reduces the permeability of water and air, the soil physics form generation is endangered greatly, thereby make the crop alimentary imbalance, can't normal growth.As shown in Figure 1, experimental field respectively handle soil melioration front and back Na
+Content all descends to some extent, the topsoil Na of processing 1, processing 2, processing 3, processing 4 and contrast
+The solution-off rate is respectively 87.1%, 79%, 71.5%, 66.3%, 34.7%.Respectively handle Ca before and after the improvement
2+Content differs greatly, and processing 1 is not 91% and 92.7% with handling 4 top layer solution-off rate best results, and reason possibly be that these two processing topsoils are easy to drip washing through turning over, and the while does not add the modifying agent of calcic again; Handle 2 owing to superphosphate and desulfurated plaster large percentage in the modifying agent that adds, bring a large amount of calcium ions into and get in the soil, so topsoil Ca
2+Content does not only descend, and has also increased by 1.96 times than in the past, handles 3 owing to contain a certain amount of desulfurated plaster, topsoil Ca in the modifying agent yet
2+The solution-off rate less be 34.8%, contrast topsoil Ca
2+Solution-off rate minimum be 5.77%.Mg before and after the improvement
2+Content is with Ca
2+Similar, processing 1 and processing 4 solution-off rate best results are not 94.3% and 91.2%, and processing 2 and processing 3 are owing to the modifying agent effect, and the solution-off rate is respectively 41.4% and 63.2%, and contrasting the solution-off rate minimum is 30.3%.
2.2.2 the soil anion-content changes
Main anion is CO in the saline-alkali soil
3 2-, HCO
3 -, Cl
-, SO
4 2-, soil does not contain CO before and after the improvement
3 2-, Cl
-Be most active anion in the saline-alkali soil, crop can't normal growth during too high levels, Cl
-Changing Pattern with Na
+The same, as shown in Figure 2, improvement back topsoil Cl
-Content obviously descends, the topsoil Cl of processing 1, processing 2, processing 3, processing 4 and contrast
-The solution-off rate is respectively 95.6%, 89.7%, 82.8%, 81.7%, 44.3%.Processing 2 and processing 3 are owing to apply modifying agent SO
4 2-Content rises to some extent, respectively than having risen 162% and 20%, SO before the improvement
4 2-Content is handled 1 and is descended at most, and contrast descends minimum, handles 1, handles 4, contrast topsoil SO
4 2-The solution-off rate is respectively: 55.5%, 65.4%, 6.56%.HCO before and after the improvement
3 -Content is different with other ions, handles 2 and slightly descends, and than having descended 15.9% before the improvement, other handle HCO
3 -Content rises to some extent, handles 3 and has risen 0.18 times, and processing 1 is risen at most with processing 4, has risen 1.4 and 2.8 times respectively, contrasts and has risen 0.38 times.
See that from the situation of change of soil zwitterion initial soil is typical sodium chloride type salinization soil, processing 1 and processing 4 topsoils are owing to rainwater drip washing, Na
+And Cl
-A large amount of solution-off, and Cl
-Solution-off speed greater than Na
+, unnecessary Na
+With HCO
3 -In conjunction with, soil is by original Cl
--Na
+For main transformer has become with HCO
3 --Na
+Be main, cause soil alkalescence to strengthen; Processing 2 and processing 3 are owing to add modifying agent soil by original C l
--Na
+For main transformer has become with SO
4 2--Ca
2+Be main.
The variation of 3 soil physical properties
3.1 the bulk density of soil changes
The bulk density of soil is meant under the nature, the dries quantity of unit volume soil mass, and it is the basic physical character of soil.The bulk density of soil changes with the porosity situation, and influences the water retention capacity and the permeance property of soil.The numerical values recited of the bulk density of soil has directly reflected the elasticity of soil.Under the similar condition of the soil texture, the bulk density of soil is little, shows the loosing soil porous, and is structural good; Otherwise the bulk density of soil shows that greatly then the solid plate of soil lacks granular structure firmly.
Can know that from Fig. 3 different ameliorative measures is different to the influence of the bulk density of soil.From overall variation, each handles the top layer bulk density of soil all has decline in various degree, descends the most significantly for handling 3, from 1.61 original g/cm
3, drop to 1.17 g/cm
3, descended 27.3%.Contrast descends minimum, and 0.09 g/cm has only descended
3, processing 1, processing 2, processing 4 have descended 16.8%, 22.4%, 15.1% respectively.Explain that through after the improvement, the bulk density of soil in saline land has had reduction in various degree, soil has obtained tangible improvement.
3.2 soil porosity changes
The soil total porosity is meant what of soil pore space, the i.e. shared percentage of unit volume soil mesopore volume under nature.The soil pore space situation affects soil aeration, water penetration and plant root growth, is the important indicator of soil fertility.
See from Fig. 4; The variation tendency of soil total porosity is consistent with unit weight; From overall variation, each handles the topsoil total porosity all has increase in various degree, and processing 1, processing 2, processing 3, processing 4 and contrast have increased by 10.2%, 14.0%, 16.6%, 9.06% and 3.40% respectively; Increasing the most significantly is to handle 3, and contrast increases minimum.Explain that the soil total porosity of saline-alkali soil is significantly improved through after the improvement, the soil pore space has obtained improvement in various degree.
3.3 soil permeability changes
The permeance property of soil is one of important indicator of reflection soil physical properties, and soil following oozes the porosity that performance depends mainly on soil.The water infiltration ability is the important indicator of a reflection soil infiltration capability, because it has reflected the maximum water transmitting ability of soil, so in the infiltration process of soil, play crucial effects.The power of soil infiltration ability is represented with infiltration rate usually, and for a certain specific soil, generally having only last infiltration rate is a more stable parameter, so commonly used its expressed soil infiltration power.
The permeability basis of soil before the improvement, the steady infiltration rate rate of topsoil approaches 0mm/h, after the improvement on the whole; Steady infiltration rate rate after the various processing improvement is all than high before the improvement, and the infiltration rate of handling 3 topsoils is the highest, reaches 20.17 mm/h; Processing 1, processing 2, processing 4 improvement backs surely infiltration rate rate are respectively 15.8 mm/h; 13.3 mm/h, 4.15 mm/h, the infiltration rate of contrast topsoil is 2.2 mm/h.
3.4 the variation of soil nutrient content
As shown in Figure 5; Respectively handling the quick-acting nitrogen contents of soil before and after the improvement all decreases; Handle 1, handle 2, handle 3, handle 4 and the quick-acting nitrogen contents of contrast topsoil descended 20.9%, 6.78%, 8.19%, 17.9% and 0.79% respectively, so contrast since the less quick-acting nitrogen of leaching descend minimum, handle 1 with handle 4 since the abundant quick-acting nitrogen of the loose leaching of topsoil descend at most; Processing 2 and processing 3 are owing to add modifying agent; Bring part nitrogen into and get into soil, so though leaching is abundant, quick-acting nitrogen descend less.Handle 2 available phosphorus contents and obviously rise, rise to 17.4mg/kg from 2.577mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus has increased by 5.75 times, and this mainly is because handle the superphosphate that contains in the modifying agent I of 2 addings, causes available phosphorus contents obviously to improve.Handling that 3 available phosphorus contents slightly improve is because apply the reason of modifying agent, handle 1, handle 4 and the contrast available phosphorus contents slightly descend, but fall is very little.Handle 2, handle 3 owing to contain fertilizer and organic substance in the modifying agent, the content of organic matter increases, and has improved 14.6% and 24.0% respectively, and processing 1, processing 4 and the contrast content of organic matter all decrease with leaching.Experimental field organic matter and nutrient content are lower, and soil is comparatively barren, and be lower through leaching organic matter and nutrient content, will foster and apply fertilizer before the plantation green plants.
4 conclusions
1. evidence adopts the agronomy ameliorative measure to utilize salt water and rainfall drip washing marine solonchak effect obvious simultaneously, and stalk is ploughed deeply and applied pouring salt speed that modifying agent can both strengthen soil and drenches the salt effect, adds modifying agent and can obviously suppress the desalination phenomenon that alkalizes.
2. after the drip washing, bigger variation has taken place in soil ion composition, and each handles Na
+And Cl
-A large amount of solution-off do not add after the desalination of modifying agent soil by original Cl
--Na
+For main transformer has become with HCO
3 --Na
+Be main, soil alkalescence strengthens, and adds modifying agent soil by original C l
--Na
+For main transformer has become with SO
4 2--Ca
2+Be main, though use modifying agent topsoil salt content at 0.3-0.6%, soil salt ion pair plant is harmless.
3. use modifying agent and can improve the physical behavior of soil effectively with turning over, reduce the bulk density of soil, it is obvious to increase soil total porosity and soil infiltration velocity rate effect.
4. result of the test shows, handling 3 first salt water, to drench the resultant effect that applies the modifying agent II turned over after the salt best, and its three layers of soil salt contents of improvement back descend all bigger, and soil pH changes little, and desalination alkalization phenomenon does not take place, and ion is made up of original C l
--Na
+For main transformer has become with SO
4 2--Ca
2+Be main.The bulk density of soil descends at most, and the soil total porosity improves at most with steady infiltration rate rate, and the soil organic matter and rapid available phosphorus all rise to some extent.
The good effect that method had of solonchak original soil improvement greening disclosed by the invention is:
(1) reduced the saline land and drenched in the salt process dependence fresh water; Improvement and greening at the saline-alkali wasteland that does not also possess fresh water drip washing irrigation conditions are also applicable; Utilized all available water resources to comprise salt water resource and natural rainfall; Improve WUEL greatly, practiced thrift freshwater resources.
(2) the solonchak desalination is thorough fast, and operating process is simple, and the short time just can be satisfied the needs of plant growing, can improve soil structure simultaneously.
(3) improvement is with low cost, safety and environmental protection, and the energy that economizes on resources helps ecological sustainable development, and economic benefit, social benefit, ecological benefits are all clearly.
Description of drawings:
The upper soll layer cations changes before and after Fig. 1 soil melioration;
The upper soll layer anion-content changes before and after Fig. 2 soil melioration;
Topsoil unit weight changed before and after Fig. 3 improved;
The topsoil total porosity changed before and after Fig. 4 improved;
Topsoil organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus changed before and after Fig. 5 improved.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described; The scheme of embodiment described here; Do not limit the present invention; One of skill in the art can make improvements and change according to spirit of the present invention, and described these improvement and variation all should be regarded as within the scope of the invention, and scope of the present invention and essence are limited claim.Base is executed the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed to be had commercially availablely, and other used compositions also have commercially available.
(1) lay hidden pipe in the experimental field 60cm depths of light loam, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district; The salt solution that contains 5g/L then in each sub-district pouring, each 1000m
3/ hm
2, ploughed deeply (degree of depth is 40cm) before rainy season after 2 times and add maize straw 150m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
(2) behind twice salt solution of filling,, each sub-district uses modifying agent I 5000kg/hm after turning over
2; The parts by weight of described modifying agent I composition consist of superphosphate: fertilizer: desulfurated plaster=1:1:3;
(3) utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season, measure the variation of soil physical and chemical property,
The result who measures shows: the 0-60cm soil salt content drops to 4.35g/kg by original 12.56g/kg, and soil pH drops to 8.45, soil Na from original 8.62
+, Cl
-The solution-off rate is respectively 86% and 90%, and the bulk density of soil has descended 21%, and permeability strengthens, and soil physical and chemical property obviously improves.
(4) after the pouring salt, adopt base to execute fertilizer 4500 kg/hm that become thoroughly decomposed
2, desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer;
(5) plowed soils, alfalfa treated, well-grown.
Embodiment 2
(1) lay hidden pipe in the experimental field 60cm depths of light loam, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district; The salt solution that contains 8g/L then in each sub-district pouring, each 1200m
3/ hm
2, ploughed deeply (degree of depth is 60cm) before rainy season after 2 times and add maize straw 100m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
(2) turn in each sub-district then and use modifying agent II 5000kg/hm
2The parts by weight of described modifying agent II composition consist of acid-sludge: brown coal: desulfurated plaster=1:2:2;
(3) utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season, measure the variation of soil physical and chemical property.
The result who measures shows: the 0-60cm soil salt content drops to 3.27g/kg by original 13.66g/kg, and soil pH drops to 8.25, soil Na from original 8.57
+, Cl
-The solution-off rate is respectively 88% and 91%, and the bulk density of soil has descended 23%, and permeability strengthens, and soil physical and chemical property obviously improves.
(4) after the pouring salt, adopt base to execute organic commercial fertilizer 5000 kg/hm2, desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer;
(5) plowed soils, plantation clover, well-grown.
Embodiment 3
(1) lay hidden pipe in the experimental field 60cm depths of light loam, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district; The salt solution that contains 6g/L then in each sub-district pouring, each 1200m
3/ hm
2, ploughed deeply (degree of depth is 40cm) before rainy season after 2 times and add maize straw 150m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
(2) turn in each sub-district then and use modifying agent II, 9000kg/hm
2The parts by weight of described modifying agent II composition consist of acid-sludge: brown coal: desulfurated plaster=1:2:2;
(3) utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season, measure the variation of soil physical and chemical property.
The result who measures shows: the 0-60cm soil salt content drops to 3.85g/kg by original 14.28g/kg, and soil pH drops to 8.40, soil Na from original 8.72
+, Cl
-The solution-off rate is respectively 87% and 91%, and the bulk density of soil has descended 25%, and permeability strengthens, and soil physical and chemical property obviously improves.
(4) after the pouring salt, adopt base to execute organic commercial fertilizer 6000 kg/hm2, desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer;
(5) plowed soils, alfalfa treated, well-grown.
Embodiment 4
(1) lay hidden pipe in the experimental field 60cm depths of light loam, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district; The salt solution that contains 10g/L then in each sub-district pouring, each 1500m
3/ hm
2, ploughed deeply (degree of depth is 60) before rainy season after 2 times and add maize straw 120m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
(2) behind twice salt solution of filling,, each sub-district uses modifying agent I 9000kg/hm after turning over
2; The parts by weight of described modifying agent I composition consist of superphosphate: fertilizer: desulfurated plaster=1:1:3;
(3) utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season, measure the variation of soil physical and chemical property.
The result who measures shows: the 0-60cm soil salt content drops to 5.21g/kg by original 13.79g/kg, and soil pH drops to 8.02, soil Na from original 8.68
+, Cl
-The solution-off rate is respectively 85% and 89%, and the bulk density of soil has descended 19%, and permeability strengthens, and soil physical and chemical property obviously improves.
(4) after the pouring salt, adopt base to execute organic commercial fertilizer 4000 kg/hm2, desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer;
(5) plowed soils, plantation sesbania, well-grown.
Embodiment 5
Comparative trial:
The general planting situation:
Directly utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season at light loam.Base is executed fertilizer 4500 kg/hm2 that become thoroughly decomposed then, and desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer.Plowed soils, planting technique green manure plant alfalfa, emergence rate can not be grown less than 5%.
Plantation situation of the present invention
(1) lay hidden pipe in the experimental field 60cm depths of light loam, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district; The salt solution that contains 6g/L then in each sub-district pouring, each 1200m
3/ hm
2, ploughed deeply (degree of depth is 40cm) before rainy season after 2 times and add maize straw 120m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
(2) turn in each sub-district then and use modifying agent II, 6000kg/hm
2The parts by weight of described modifying agent II composition consist of acid-sludge: brown coal: desulfurated plaster=1:2:2;
(3) utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season.
(4) after the pouring salt, base is executed fertilizer 4500 kg/hm2 that become thoroughly decomposed, and desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer.
(5) plowed soils, planting technique green manure plant alfalfa, emergence rate all reaches more than 90%, grows fine after emerging, and biological yield reaches 3000 kg/hm
2
Claims (3)
1. a solonchak original soil is improved the method for afforesting, and it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) lay hidden pipe in the experimental field 60cm depths of light loam, the hidden pipe spacing is 5m, the division of cells of leveling land, and sub-district face width 5m, long 10m is provided with 0.5m height * 0.5 a meter wide field and prevents that side from oozing between each sub-district; Watered the salt water that contains 3-10g/L in each sub-district before rainy season, each 1000-1500m
3/ hm
22 times, plough deeply 40-60cm then and add maize straw 50-150m simultaneously
3/ hm
2
(2) behind twice salt water of filling,, each sub-district uses modifying agent I or modifying agent II 5000-9000kg/hm after turning over
2The parts by weight of described modifying agent I composition consist of superphosphate: fertilizer: desulfurated plaster=1:1:3; The parts by weight of modifying agent II composition consist of acid-sludge: brown coal: desulfurated plaster=1:2:2;
(3) utilize natural precipitation washed out soil in rainy season, measure the variation of soil physicochemistry proterties;
(4) after the pouring salt, adopt base to execute the fertilizer 4000-6000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, desalination soil is fostered and apply fertilizer; Base is executed the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is referred to animal wastes such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, sheep excrement, the organic manure of plant residue through becoming thoroughly decomposed fully and forming, and main nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium are provided for plant growing;
(5) plowed soils, plantation is adapted at the green plants of growing on the slight salt affected soil.
2. the described solonchak original soil of claim 1 is improved the method for greening; Wherein said base is executed the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is referred to chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, the animal wastes of sheep excrement, the organic manure of plant residue through becoming thoroughly decomposed fully and forming, and main nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium are provided for plant growing.
3. the described solonchak original soil of claim 1 is improved the method for greening, and wherein said green plants refers to green manure plant alfalfa, sweet clover, clover or sesbania.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103563515A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-12 | 天津市北方园林生态科学技术研究所 | Biochemical improvement method of saline-alkali soil |
| CN103563516A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-12 | 天津市北方园林生态科学技术研究所 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil as cultivated soil |
| CN103959952A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-06 | 河海大学 | Method for rapidly preventing and treating successive cropping obstacles of greenhouse soil |
| CN104488493A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-04-08 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Full-membrane coverage planting method of corns on saline-alkaline soil in inland dry and cold regions |
| CN104770097A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-15 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Original soil improvement and afforestation method for coastal heavy saline soil based on material mixing |
| CN105684589A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-22 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by means of tree branches |
| CN106105467A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of desulfurated plaster combines the method for animal wastes improvement alkaline land soil |
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| CN106489345A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-03-15 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of alkaline earth disappear alkali improvement growth-promoting method |
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| CN103959952B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of method of fast preventing soil in protected field continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN104488493B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-10-19 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Inland is arid, cool Saline-alkali Land Semen Maydis full-film covering implantation methods |
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| CN105684589A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-22 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by means of tree branches |
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